CN109041695B - Metering device and method for wheat precision sowing - Google Patents

Metering device and method for wheat precision sowing Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109041695B
CN109041695B CN201811078773.6A CN201811078773A CN109041695B CN 109041695 B CN109041695 B CN 109041695B CN 201811078773 A CN201811078773 A CN 201811078773A CN 109041695 B CN109041695 B CN 109041695B
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seed
transmission gear
wheat
guide roller
pair
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CN109041695A (en
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郑永军
任杰宇
刘星星
谭彧
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Tianjin Jiuchengjiu Technology Co ltd
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China Agricultural University
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C7/00Sowing
    • A01C7/18Machines for depositing quantities of seed at intervals
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C7/00Sowing
    • A01C7/20Parts of seeders for conducting and depositing seed

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Sowing (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a device and a method for precisely seeding and metering wheat, wherein the device comprises the following components: the device comprises a transmission gear, a B-type flat key, a seed guide roller bearing thrust ring, a counting sensor, a sensor mounting plate, a baffle plate, a seed metering box, a direct current motor, a motor bracket, a bolt, a toothed belt, a synchronous gear, a transmission gear bearing thrust ring, a transmission gear bearing, a transmission gear shaft, a vertical baffle plate I and a vertical baffle plate II; the seed guide roller forms a certain acute angle with the horizontal plane, so that seeds can not be detained under the condition that the direct current motor fails, and metering work can still be completed. Meanwhile, the spacing is 1 mm, so that seeds can not leak, be blocked and be damaged. And the counting sensor is used for realizing the metering of wheat sowing quantity. In addition, wheat seeds are arranged into a queue through the seed guiding roller, the tillering characteristic of wheat is fully utilized to a certain extent, precision wheat sowing is realized, and meanwhile, the arrangement of the seeds into the queue is beneficial to sensor detection signals, so that higher detection precision is achieved.

Description

Metering device and method for wheat precision sowing
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of modern agriculture intelligent equipment, and relates to a metering device and a metering method for wheat precision sowing.
Background
With the development of precise agriculture, more and more crops can realize precise sowing, but wheat is an important grain worldwide, and research on precise sowing is not much. The accurate monitoring of the sowing quantity is realized, the optimal wheat sowing quantity can be explored, the sowing cost is saved while the yield is increased, and the economic benefit is increased.
At present, less researches are conducted on the sowing quantity of wheat in precision sowing, and related researches focus on metering of the sowing quantity of grains with large grain diameters, and mainly utilize a photoelectric sensing method, a capacitance sensing method and a machine vision method. Because of the small volume of wheat seeds, the existing detection methods cannot directly detect the wheat sowing quantity. The device utilizes the piezoelectric sensor or the photoelectric sensor and combines the seed guide roller device to arrange the wheat seeds into a queue, so that the problem of difficult detection of the seeds with small particle size is solved, and the accurate measurement of the wheat sowing quantity can be realized.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the current situation that the wheat seeding rate is less in monitoring and research, the invention aims to provide a metering device and a metering method for wheat precision seeding, which are used for solving the metering problem of wheat seeding rate.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a metering device for precision wheat seeding, comprising: a pair of transmission gears 1, a B-type flat key 2, a pair of seed guide rollers 3, two seed guide roller bearings 4, four seed guide roller bearing thrust rings 5, a counting sensor 6, a sensor mounting plate 7, a pair of baffles 8, a seed discharging box 9, a direct current motor 10, a motor bracket 11, bolts 12, a toothed belt 13, two synchronous gears 14, two transmission gear bearing thrust rings 15, two transmission gear bearings 16, two transmission gear shafts 19, a vertical baffle I17 and a vertical baffle II 18;
the vertical baffle I17 and the vertical baffle II 18 are both fixed on the seed sowing box 9 and are respectively positioned at the left side and the right side of the pair of seed guide rollers 3, and two through holes are respectively formed in the vertical baffle I17 and the vertical baffle II 18; the pair of baffles 8 are fixed on the seed sowing box 9 and are respectively positioned at the front side and the rear side of the pair of seed guiding rollers 3, holes are formed in the baffles 8, and the seed sowing box 9 is fixed with the wheat seeder through the holes in the baffles 8;
one end of the pair of seed guiding rollers 3 is connected with the pair of transmission gears 1 through the B-shaped flat keys 2 respectively; the other end of the seed guide roller 3 is provided with a seed guide roller shaft, a seed guide roller bearing 4 is arranged in a through hole of the vertical baffle II 18, the seed guide roller shaft sequentially passes through the seed guide roller bearing thrust ring 5, the seed guide roller bearing 4 and the seed guide roller bearing thrust ring 5, the axial movement of the seed guide roller shaft is limited by the two seed guide roller bearing thrust rings 5,
the pair of transmission gears 1 are respectively fixed on two transmission gear shafts 19, one end of one transmission gear shaft 19 is provided with a synchronous gear 14, the synchronous gear 14 is connected with the transmission gear shafts 19 through jackscrews, a transmission gear bearing 16 is arranged in a through hole of a vertical baffle I17, the other end of each transmission gear shaft 19 sequentially passes through the transmission gear bearing 16 and a transmission gear bearing thrust ring 15, the axial movement of the transmission gear shaft is limited through the transmission gear bearing thrust ring 15,
the counting sensor 6 is glued to the sensor mounting plate 7, and the sensor mounting plate 7 is fixed on the seed metering box 9 and positioned on the right side of the vertical baffle II 18; the direct current motor 10 is fixed on a motor bracket 11 through a bolt 12, and the motor bracket 11 is positioned at the left lower part of the seed sowing box 9; the output shaft of the direct current motor 10 is provided with a synchronous gear 14, the synchronous gear 14 is connected with the output shaft of the direct current motor 10 through a jackscrew, and the toothed belt 13 is sleeved on the synchronous gear 14 on a transmission gear shaft 19 and the synchronous gear 14 on the output shaft of the direct current motor 10.
On the basis of the scheme, the seed guide roller 3 forms a certain acute angle with the horizontal plane.
On the basis of the scheme, the pair of transmission gears 1 transmit power through gear engagement to drive the pair of seed guide rollers 3 to rotate.
On the basis of the above-described scheme, the rotational speed of the direct current motor 10 can be adjusted.
On the basis of the scheme, the rotation directions of the pair of seed guiding rollers 3 are opposite in the working process, and the distance between the two seed guiding rollers 3 is 1 millimeter.
On the basis of the above-described scheme, the counting sensor 6 is a piezoelectric sensor or a photoelectric sensor.
On the basis of the scheme, the sensor mounting plate 7 and the vertical plane form a certain acute angle.
On the basis of the scheme, the sensor mounting plate 7, the pair of baffles 8, the seed sowing box 9, the motor bracket 11, the vertical baffle I17 and the vertical baffle II 18 are integrally printed through a 3D printing technology.
A method for realizing a metering device for precision wheat seeding comprises the following steps:
step 1, after a metering device is started, a direct current motor 10 drives a synchronous gear 14 to rotate, the synchronous gear 14 drives a transmission gear 1 to rotate, and the transmission gear 1 drives a seed guide roller 3 to rotate;
step 2, when the wheat is discharged by a seed metering device of the wheat seeder, seeds fall onto the seed guiding roller 3, the seeds are dispersed by the rotating seed guiding roller 3, the wheat seeds are arranged into a team, meanwhile, the seeds move to the tail end of the seed guiding roller 3 in an accelerating way, finally collide with a piezoelectric sensor or shade light rays of the photoelectric sensor, voltage signals output by the piezoelectric sensor or pulse signals output by the photoelectric sensor are collected, then signal calibration is carried out, the voltage signals or the pulse signals are converted into quality values, and the wheat sowing quantity is measured.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The seed guide roller with a certain acute angle with the horizontal surface can ensure that seeds can not be detained under the condition that a direct current motor fails, and metering work can still be completed.
(2) The seed guiding roller with the interval of 1 millimeter rotates reversely, so that seeds can not leak, cannot be blocked, and cannot damage seeds.
(3) The counting sensor is utilized, and the metering of the wheat sowing quantity can be realized by combining the seed guiding roller.
(4) The wheat seeds can be arranged into a queue through the seed guiding roller, the tillering characteristic of the wheat can be fully utilized to a certain extent, precision wheat sowing is realized, and meanwhile, the seeds are arranged into a queue to be beneficial to sensor detection signals, so that higher detection precision is achieved.
(5) The sensor mounting plate which forms a certain acute angle with the vertical plane ensures that the momentum is the largest when the seeds collide with the piezoelectric sensor, and ensures the detection precision.
(6) The device has simple structure, lower cost and strong practicability, and can be directly applied by slightly reforming the traditional seeding machine.
Drawings
The invention has the following drawings:
fig. 1 is a general construction diagram of a metering device for precision wheat sowing according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the installation position of a seed guiding roller of a metering device for precision wheat sowing.
Fig. 3 is a left side view of a metering device for precision wheat seeding in accordance with the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the rotation direction of a seed guiding roller of a metering device for precision wheat sowing according to the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a flow chart of the metering method of the present invention for precision wheat seeding.
In the figure:
1. 2.B-type flat keys, 4-type seed guide rollers, 5-type seed guide roller bearings, 6-type seed guide roller bearing thrust rings, 7-type counting sensors, 8-type sensor mounting plates, 9-type seed discharging boxes, 10-type direct current motors, 11-type motor supports, 12-type bolts, 13-type belts, 14-type synchronous gears, 15-type transmission gear bearings, 16-type transmission gear bearings, 17-type transmission gear bearings, 18-type vertical baffles, and 19-type transmission gear shafts
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to fig. 1-5.
A metering device for precision wheat seeding, comprising: a pair of transmission gears 1, a B-type flat key 2, a pair of seed guide rollers 3, two seed guide roller bearings 4, four seed guide roller bearing thrust rings 5, a counting sensor 6, a sensor mounting plate 7, a pair of baffles 8, a seed discharging box 9, a direct current motor 10, a motor bracket 11, bolts 12, a toothed belt 13, a synchronous gear 14, two transmission gear bearing thrust rings 15, two transmission gear bearings 16, two transmission gear shafts 19, a vertical baffle I17 and a vertical baffle II 18;
the vertical baffle I17 and the vertical baffle II 18 are both fixed on the seed sowing box 9 and are respectively positioned at the left side and the right side of the pair of seed guide rollers 3, and two through holes are respectively formed in the vertical baffle I17 and the vertical baffle II 18; the pair of baffles 8 are fixed on the seed sowing box 9 and are respectively positioned at the front side and the rear side of the pair of seed guiding rollers 3, holes are formed in the baffles 8, and the seed sowing box 9 is fixed with the wheat seeder through the holes in the baffles 8;
one end of the pair of seed guiding rollers 3 is connected with the pair of transmission gears 1 through the B-shaped keys 2 respectively; the other end of the seed guide roller 3 is provided with a seed guide roller shaft, a seed guide roller bearing 4 is arranged in a through hole of the vertical baffle II 18, the seed guide roller shaft sequentially passes through the seed guide roller bearing thrust ring 5, the seed guide roller bearing 4 and the seed guide roller bearing thrust ring 5, the axial movement of the seed guide roller shaft is limited by the two seed guide roller bearing thrust rings 5,
the pair of transmission gears 1 are respectively fixed on two transmission gear shafts 19, one end of one transmission gear shaft 19 is provided with a synchronous gear 14, the synchronous gear 14 is connected with the transmission gear shafts 19 through jackscrews, a transmission gear bearing 16 is arranged in a through hole of a vertical baffle I17, the other end of each transmission gear shaft 19 sequentially passes through the transmission gear bearing 16 and a transmission gear bearing thrust ring 15, the axial movement of the transmission gear shaft is limited through the transmission gear bearing thrust ring 15,
the counting sensor 6 is glued to the sensor mounting plate 7, and the sensor mounting plate 7 is fixed on the seed metering box 9 and positioned on the right side of the vertical baffle II 18; the direct current motor 10 is fixed on a motor bracket 11 through a bolt 12, and the motor bracket 11 is positioned at the left lower part of the seed sowing box 9; the output shaft of the direct current motor 10 is provided with a synchronous gear 14, the synchronous gear 14 is connected with the output shaft of the direct current motor 10 through a jackscrew, and the toothed belt 13 is sleeved on the synchronous gear 14 on a transmission gear shaft 19 and the synchronous gear 14 on the output shaft of the direct current motor 10.
On the basis of the scheme, the seed guide roller 3 forms a certain acute angle with the horizontal plane.
On the basis of the scheme, the pair of transmission gears 1 transmit power through gear engagement to drive the pair of seed guide rollers 3 to rotate.
On the basis of the above-described scheme, the rotational speed of the direct current motor 10 can be adjusted.
On the basis of the scheme, the rotation directions of the pair of seed guiding rollers 3 are opposite in the working process. While the distance between the two seed guiding rolls 3 is 1 mm.
On the basis of the above-described scheme, the counting sensor 6 is a piezoelectric sensor or a photoelectric sensor.
On the basis of the scheme, the sensor mounting plate 7 and the vertical plane form a certain acute angle.
On the basis of the scheme, the sensor mounting plate 7, the pair of baffles 8, the seed sowing box 9, the motor bracket 11, the vertical baffle I17 and the vertical baffle II 18 are integrally printed through a 3D printing technology. The seed discharging box 9 is fixed with the wheat seeder through holes on the baffle plate 8.
A method for realizing a metering device for precision wheat seeding comprises the following steps:
step 1, after a metering device is started, a direct current motor 10 drives a synchronous gear 14 to rotate, the synchronous gear 14 drives a transmission gear 1 to rotate, and the transmission gear 1 drives a seed guide roller 3 to rotate;
step 2, when the wheat is discharged by a seed metering device of the wheat seeder, seeds fall onto the seed guiding roller 3, the seeds are dispersed by the rotating seed guiding roller 3, the wheat seeds are arranged into a team, meanwhile, the seeds move to the tail end of the seed guiding roller 3 in an accelerating way, finally collide with a piezoelectric sensor or shade light rays of the photoelectric sensor, voltage signals output by the piezoelectric sensor or pulse signals output by the photoelectric sensor are collected, then signal calibration is carried out, the voltage signals or the pulse signals are converted into quality values, and the wheat sowing quantity is measured. In addition, because the rotating speed of the direct current motor 10 can be adjusted, the device can adjust the seed discharging speed in the working process and is matched with the working speed of the seeding machine, thereby completing the metering of the wheat seeding quantity.
What is not described in detail in this specification is prior art known to those skilled in the art.

Claims (6)

1. A metering device for precision wheat seeding, comprising: a pair of transmission gears (1), a B-type flat key (2), a pair of seed guide rollers (3), two seed guide roller bearings (4), four seed guide roller bearing thrust rings (5), a counting sensor (6), a sensor mounting plate (7), a pair of baffles (8), a seed metering box (9), a direct current motor (10), a motor bracket (11), bolts (12), a toothed belt (13), two synchronous gears (14), two transmission gear bearing thrust rings (15), two transmission gear bearings (16), two transmission gear shafts (19), a vertical baffle I (17) and a vertical baffle II (18);
the vertical baffle I (17) and the vertical baffle II (18) are both fixed on the seed sowing box (9) and are respectively positioned at the left side and the right side of the pair of seed guide rollers (3), and two through holes are respectively formed in the vertical baffle I (17) and the vertical baffle II (18); the pair of baffles (8) are fixed on the seed sowing box (9) and are respectively positioned at the front side and the rear side of the pair of seed guide rollers (3), holes are formed in the baffles (8), and the seed sowing box (9) is fixed with the wheat seeder through the holes in the baffles (8);
one end of the pair of seed guiding rollers (3) is connected with the pair of transmission gears (1) through the B-shaped flat keys (2) respectively; the other end of the seed guide roller (3) is provided with a seed guide roller shaft, a seed guide roller bearing (4) is arranged in a through hole of a vertical baffle II (18), the seed guide roller shaft sequentially passes through a seed guide roller bearing thrust ring (5), the seed guide roller bearing (4) and the seed guide roller bearing thrust ring (5), the axial movement of the seed guide roller shaft is limited by the two seed guide roller bearing thrust rings (5),
the pair of transmission gears (1) are respectively fixed on two transmission gear shafts (19), one end of one transmission gear shaft (19) is provided with a synchronous gear (14), the synchronous gear (14) is connected with the transmission gear shaft (19) through jackscrews, a transmission gear bearing (16) is arranged in a through hole of the vertical baffle I (17), the other end of each transmission gear shaft (19) sequentially passes through the transmission gear bearing (16) and the transmission gear bearing thrust ring (15), the axial movement of the transmission gear shaft is limited through the transmission gear bearing thrust ring (15),
the counting sensor (6) is glued to the sensor mounting plate (7), and the sensor mounting plate (7) is fixed on the seed metering box (9) and positioned on the right side of the vertical baffle II (18); the direct current motor (10) is fixed on a motor bracket (11) through a bolt (12), and the motor bracket (11) is positioned at the left lower part of the seed sowing box (9); the output shaft of the direct current motor (10) is provided with a synchronous gear (14), the synchronous gear (14) is connected with the output shaft of the direct current motor (10) through a jackscrew, and the toothed belt (13) is sleeved on the synchronous gear (14) on the transmission gear shaft (19) and the synchronous gear (14) on the output shaft of the direct current motor (10);
the seed guide roller (3) forms a certain acute angle with the horizontal plane;
the counting sensor (6) is a piezoelectric sensor or a photoelectric sensor.
2. Metering device for precision seeding of wheat according to claim 1, characterised in that the pair of transmission gears (1) transmit power through gear engagement, driving the pair of seed guiding rollers (3) in rotation.
3. Metering device for precision seeding of wheat according to claim 1, characterised in that the pair of seed guiding rollers (3) rotate in opposite directions during operation, while the distance between the two seed guiding rollers (3) is 1 mm.
4. Metering device for precision seeding of wheat according to claim 1, characterised in that the sensor mounting plate (7) is at an acute angle to the vertical plane.
5. Metering device for precision seeding of wheat according to claim 1, characterised in that the sensor mounting plate (7), the pair of baffles (8), the seeding box (9), the motor support (11), the vertical baffles i (17) and the vertical baffles ii (18) are integrally printed by 3D printing technology.
6. A method for implementing a metering device for precision sowing of wheat according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the steps of:
step 1, after the metering device is started, a direct current motor (10) drives a synchronous gear (14) to rotate, the synchronous gear (14) drives a transmission gear (1) to rotate, and the transmission gear (1) drives a seed guide roller (3) to rotate;
step 2, when the wheat is discharged by a seed metering device of the wheat seeder, seeds fall onto a seed guiding roller (3), the seeds are dispersed by the rotating seed guiding roller (3), the wheat seeds are arranged into a team, meanwhile, the seeds move to the tail end of the seed guiding roller (3) in an accelerating way, finally collide with a piezoelectric sensor or shade the light of the photoelectric sensor, the piezoelectric sensor outputs a voltage signal or the photoelectric sensor outputs a pulse signal, then signal calibration is carried out, the voltage signal or the pulse signal is converted into a quality value, and the wheat sowing quantity is measured.
CN201811078773.6A 2018-09-17 2018-09-17 Metering device and method for wheat precision sowing Active CN109041695B (en)

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CN109041695B true CN109041695B (en) 2023-11-17

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115843503B (en) * 2022-12-15 2023-08-11 中南林业科技大学 Plant planting auxiliary mechanical arm and plant planter thereof

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB190009235A (en) * 1900-05-18 1900-08-04 New Zealand Loan And Mercantil Improvements in Seed Sowing Apparatus.
CN87210217U (en) * 1987-07-15 1988-10-12 河南省登封县农业机械化科学研究所 Small-sized quantities of wheat seeder
JPH08322329A (en) * 1995-05-30 1996-12-10 Nisshinbo Ind Inc Seeder
RU92293U1 (en) * 2009-11-05 2010-03-20 "Российский научно-исследовательский институт информации и технико-экономических исследований по инженерно-техническому обеспечению агропромышленного комплекса" (ФГНУ "Росинформагротех") DEVICE FOR EVALUATING THE DIFFERENCE OF SEEDING OF SEEDS BY SOWING UNITS
JP2011147364A (en) * 2010-01-20 2011-08-04 Matsuyama Plow Mfg Co Ltd Farm implement
CN107690901A (en) * 2017-11-14 2018-02-16 河南科技大学 A kind of broadcast leakage detection sead feeder and its detection method
KR20180043103A (en) * 2016-10-19 2018-04-27 주식회사 하다(HADA Co.,Ltd) seeding machine
CN209299707U (en) * 2018-09-17 2019-08-27 中国农业大学 A kind of metering device of wheat precision drilling

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB190009235A (en) * 1900-05-18 1900-08-04 New Zealand Loan And Mercantil Improvements in Seed Sowing Apparatus.
CN87210217U (en) * 1987-07-15 1988-10-12 河南省登封县农业机械化科学研究所 Small-sized quantities of wheat seeder
JPH08322329A (en) * 1995-05-30 1996-12-10 Nisshinbo Ind Inc Seeder
RU92293U1 (en) * 2009-11-05 2010-03-20 "Российский научно-исследовательский институт информации и технико-экономических исследований по инженерно-техническому обеспечению агропромышленного комплекса" (ФГНУ "Росинформагротех") DEVICE FOR EVALUATING THE DIFFERENCE OF SEEDING OF SEEDS BY SOWING UNITS
JP2011147364A (en) * 2010-01-20 2011-08-04 Matsuyama Plow Mfg Co Ltd Farm implement
KR20180043103A (en) * 2016-10-19 2018-04-27 주식회사 하다(HADA Co.,Ltd) seeding machine
CN107690901A (en) * 2017-11-14 2018-02-16 河南科技大学 A kind of broadcast leakage detection sead feeder and its detection method
CN209299707U (en) * 2018-09-17 2019-08-27 中国农业大学 A kind of metering device of wheat precision drilling

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