CN109041695B - Metering device and method for wheat precision sowing - Google Patents
Metering device and method for wheat precision sowing Download PDFInfo
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- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
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- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 62
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C7/00—Sowing
- A01C7/18—Machines for depositing quantities of seed at intervals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C7/00—Sowing
- A01C7/20—Parts of seeders for conducting and depositing seed
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Abstract
Description
技术领域Technical field
本发明属于现代农业智能装备技术领域，涉及一种小麦精量播种的计量装置与方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of modern agricultural intelligent equipment and relates to a metering device and method for precision sowing of wheat.
背景技术Background technique
随着精准农业的发展，越来越多的作物可以实现精量播种，但是小麦作为世界范围内一种重要的谷物，针对其精量播种的研究还不是很多。实现播种量的精确监测，可以探究最佳的小麦播种量，增加产量的同时节省播种成本，增加经济效益。With the development of precision agriculture, more and more crops can be precision sown. However, as an important cereal in the world, there are not many studies on precision sowing of wheat. Achieving accurate monitoring of seeding rate can explore the optimal wheat seeding rate, increase yields while saving seeding costs, and increase economic benefits.
目前，关于小麦精密播种中播种量的研究较少，相关研究集中在大粒径谷物播种量的计量，主要利用光电感应方法、电容感应方法、机器视觉的方法。由于小麦种子体积小，已有的这几种检测方法，并不能直接检测小麦播种量。本装置利用压电传感器或光电传感器，同时结合导种辊装置，将小麦种子排列成队，克服小粒径种子检测难的问题，可以实现对小麦播种量的精确计量。At present, there are few studies on seeding rate in precision sowing of wheat. Related research focuses on the measurement of seeding rate of large grain size grains, mainly using photoelectric induction method, capacitance induction method and machine vision method. Due to the small size of wheat seeds, the existing detection methods cannot directly detect wheat seeding amount. This device uses piezoelectric sensors or photoelectric sensors, combined with a seed guide roller device, to arrange wheat seeds into lines, overcome the problem of difficulty in detecting small-size seeds, and can achieve accurate measurement of wheat seeding amount.
发明内容Contents of the invention
针对小麦播种量监测研究较少的现状，本发明的目的是提供一种小麦精量播种的计量装置与方法，用于解决小麦播种量的计量问题。In view of the current situation that there are few studies on wheat seeding rate monitoring, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a metering device and method for precision wheat seeding, which is used to solve the measurement problem of wheat seeding rate.
为达到以上目的，本发明采取的技术方案是：In order to achieve the above objects, the technical solutions adopted by the present invention are:
一种小麦精量播种的计量装置，包括：一对传动齿轮1、B型平键2、一对导种辊3、两个导种辊轴承4、四个导种辊轴承止推环5、计数传感器6、传感器安装板7、一对挡板8、排种盒9、直流电机10、电机支架11、螺栓12、齿形带13、两个同步齿轮14、两个传动齿轮轴承止推环15、两个传动齿轮轴承16、两个传动齿轮轴19、竖直挡板Ⅰ17和竖直挡板Ⅱ18；A metering device for wheat precision sowing, including: a pair of transmission gears 1, B-type flat keys 2, a pair of seed guide rollers 3, two seed guide roller bearings 4, four seed guide roller bearing thrust rings 5, Counting sensor 6, sensor mounting plate 7, a pair of baffles 8, seed box 9, DC motor 10, motor bracket 11, bolt 12, toothed belt 13, two synchronous gears 14, two transmission gear bearing thrust rings 15. Two transmission gear bearings 16, two transmission gear shafts 19, vertical baffles I17 and vertical baffles II18;
所述竖直挡板Ⅰ17和竖直挡板Ⅱ18均固定在排种盒9上，分别位于一对导种辊3的左右两侧，所述竖直挡板Ⅰ17和竖直挡板Ⅱ18上均设有两个通孔；所述一对挡板8固定在排种盒9上，分别位于一对导种辊3的前后两侧，所述挡板8上设有孔，所述排种盒9通过挡板8上的孔与小麦播种机固定；The vertical baffles I17 and II18 are both fixed on the seed box 9 and are located on the left and right sides of a pair of seed guide rollers 3 respectively. Two through holes are provided; the pair of baffles 8 are fixed on the seed metering box 9, respectively located on the front and rear sides of the pair of seed guide rollers 3. The baffles 8 are provided with holes, and the seed metering box 9 is fixed with the wheat seeder through the holes on the baffle 8;
所述一对导种辊3的一端分别通过B型平键2与一对传动齿轮1连接；所述导种辊3的另一端设有导种辊轴，竖直挡板Ⅱ18的通孔内安装有导种辊轴承4，导种辊轴依次穿过导种辊轴承止推环5、导种辊轴承4、导种辊轴承止推环5，通过两个导种辊轴承止推环5限制其轴向运动，One end of the pair of seed guide rollers 3 is connected to a pair of transmission gears 1 through B-type flat keys 2 respectively; the other end of the seed guide roller 3 is provided with a seed guide roller shaft, which is located in the through hole of the vertical baffle II 18 A seed guide roller bearing 4 is installed. The seed guide roller shaft passes through the seed guide roller bearing thrust ring 5, the seed guide roller bearing 4, the seed guide roller bearing thrust ring 5 in sequence, and passes through the two seed guide roller bearing thrust rings 5. restrict its axial movement,
所述一对传动齿轮1分别固定在两个传动齿轮轴19上，其中一个传动齿轮轴19的一端设有同步齿轮14，同步齿轮14通过顶丝与传送齿轮轴19连接，竖直挡板Ⅰ17的通孔内安装有传动齿轮轴承16，每个传动齿轮轴19的另一端均依次穿过传动齿轮轴承16、传动齿轮轴承止推环15，通过传动齿轮轴承止推环15限制其轴向运动，The pair of transmission gears 1 are respectively fixed on two transmission gear shafts 19. One end of one of the transmission gear shafts 19 is provided with a synchronization gear 14. The synchronization gear 14 is connected to the transmission gear shaft 19 through a jack screw. The vertical baffle I17 A transmission gear bearing 16 is installed in the through hole. The other end of each transmission gear shaft 19 passes through the transmission gear bearing 16 and the transmission gear bearing thrust ring 15 in sequence, and its axial movement is restricted by the transmission gear bearing thrust ring 15. ,
所述计数传感器6胶接至传感器安装板7，传感器安装板7固定在排种盒9上，位于竖直挡板Ⅱ18的右侧；所述直流电机10通过螺栓12固定在电机支架11上，所述电机支架11位于排种盒9的左下方；所述直流电机10的输出轴上设有同步齿轮14，同步齿轮14通过顶丝与直流电机10的输出轴连接，所述齿形带13套在传动齿轮轴19上的同步齿轮14与直流电机10的输出轴上的同步齿轮14上。The counting sensor 6 is glued to the sensor mounting plate 7. The sensor mounting plate 7 is fixed on the seed box 9 and is located on the right side of the vertical baffle II 18; the DC motor 10 is fixed on the motor bracket 11 through bolts 12. The motor bracket 11 is located at the lower left of the seed box 9; a synchronous gear 14 is provided on the output shaft of the DC motor 10, and the synchronous gear 14 is connected to the output shaft of the DC motor 10 through a jack screw, and the toothed belt 13 It is sleeved on the synchronizing gear 14 on the transmission gear shaft 19 and the synchronizing gear 14 on the output shaft of the DC motor 10 .
在上述方案的基础上，所述导种辊3与水平面呈一定锐角。Based on the above solution, the seed guide roller 3 forms a certain acute angle with the horizontal plane.
在上述方案的基础上，所述一对传动齿轮1通过齿轮啮合传递动力，带动所述一对导种辊3转动。Based on the above solution, the pair of transmission gears 1 transmit power through gear meshing to drive the pair of seed guide rollers 3 to rotate.
在上述方案的基础上，所述直流电机10的转速可以调节。Based on the above solution, the rotation speed of the DC motor 10 can be adjusted.
在上述方案的基础上，所述一对导种辊3在工作过程中转动方向相反，同时两个导种辊3之间的间距为1毫米。Based on the above solution, the pair of seed guide rollers 3 rotate in opposite directions during operation, and the distance between the two seed guide rollers 3 is 1 mm.
在上述方案的基础上，所述计数传感器6是压电传感器或光电传感器。Based on the above solution, the counting sensor 6 is a piezoelectric sensor or a photoelectric sensor.
在上述方案的基础上，所述传感器安装板7与竖直平面呈一定锐角。Based on the above solution, the sensor mounting plate 7 forms a certain acute angle with the vertical plane.
在上述方案的基础上，所述传感器安装板7、一对挡板8、排种盒9、电机支架11、竖直挡板Ⅰ17和竖直挡板Ⅱ18是通过3D打印技术一体化打印完成。Based on the above solution, the sensor mounting plate 7, a pair of baffles 8, the seed box 9, the motor bracket 11, the vertical baffle I17 and the vertical baffle II18 are integrated and printed using 3D printing technology.
一种小麦精量播种的计量装置的实现方法，包括以下步骤：A method for implementing a metering device for precision sowing of wheat, including the following steps:
步骤1、计量装置启动后，直流电机10带动同步齿轮14转动，同步齿轮14带动传动齿轮1转动，传动齿轮1带动导种辊3转动；Step 1. After the metering device is started, the DC motor 10 drives the synchronous gear 14 to rotate, the synchronous gear 14 drives the transmission gear 1 to rotate, and the transmission gear 1 drives the seed guide roller 3 to rotate;
步骤2、当小麦播种机的排种器将小麦排出时，种子掉落至导种辊3上，转动的导种辊3将种子分散开来，小麦种子排列成队，同时种子加速运动至导种辊3的末端，最终与压电传感器碰撞或者遮挡光电传感器光线，采集压电传感器输出电压信号或光电传感器输出脉冲信号，然后进行信号标定，将电压信号或脉冲信号转换成质量值，测得小麦播种量。Step 2. When the seed metering device of the wheat seeder discharges the wheat, the seeds fall onto the seed guide roller 3. The rotating seed guide roller 3 disperses the seeds. The wheat seeds are arranged in a row. At the same time, the seeds accelerate to the guide roller. The end of the seed roller 3 finally collides with the piezoelectric sensor or blocks the light of the photoelectric sensor, collects the output voltage signal of the piezoelectric sensor or the output pulse signal of the photoelectric sensor, and then performs signal calibration, converts the voltage signal or pulse signal into a quality value, and measures Wheat seeding rate.
本发明的有益效果：Beneficial effects of the present invention:
(1)与水平面呈一定锐角的导种辊，可以保证在直流电机发生故障的情况下，不会滞留种子，依然可以完成计量工作。(1) The seed guide roller with a certain acute angle to the horizontal plane can ensure that in the event of a DC motor failure, the seeds will not be retained and the metering work can still be completed.
(2)间距为1毫米的导种辊反向转动，不会漏种，不会卡种，不会损伤种子。(2) The seed guide rollers with a spacing of 1 mm rotate in reverse direction, which will prevent seed leakage, seed jam, and seed damage.
(3)利用计数传感器，同时结合导种辊可以实现小麦播种量的计量。(3) The counting sensor and the seed guide roller can be used to measure the wheat seeding amount.
(4)通过导种辊可以将小麦种子排列成队，一定程度上可以充分利用小麦的分蘖特性，实现精量小麦播种，同时将种子排成队列有利于传感器检测信号，达到较高的检测精度。(4) Wheat seeds can be arranged into lines through the seed guide roller. To a certain extent, the tillering characteristics of wheat can be fully utilized to achieve precise wheat sowing. At the same time, arranging the seeds into a queue is conducive to sensor detection signals and achieves higher detection accuracy. .
(5)与竖直平面呈一定锐角的传感器安装板，保证种子与压电传感器碰撞时动量最大，保证了检测精度。(5) The sensor mounting plate with a certain acute angle to the vertical plane ensures that the momentum is maximized when the seeds collide with the piezoelectric sensor, thus ensuring detection accuracy.
(6)本装置结构简单，成本较低，实用性强，将传统的播种机具小幅改造，便可将直接应用。(6) This device has a simple structure, low cost and strong practicability. It can be directly used by slightly modifying traditional seeding equipment.
附图说明Description of the drawings
本发明有如下附图：The present invention has the following drawings:
图1为本发明一种小麦精量播种的计量装置的总体结构图。Figure 1 is an overall structural diagram of a metering device for precision sowing of wheat according to the present invention.
图2为本发明一种小麦精量播种的计量装置的导种辊安装位置示意图。Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the installation position of the seed guide roller of a metering device for wheat precision sowing according to the present invention.
图3为本发明一种小麦精量播种的计量装置的左视图。Figure 3 is a left side view of a metering device for wheat precision sowing according to the present invention.
图4为本发明一种小麦精量播种的计量装置的导种辊转动方向示意图。Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the rotation direction of the seed guide roller of a metering device for wheat precision sowing according to the present invention.
图5为本发明一种小麦精量播种的计量方法的工作流程图。Figure 5 is a work flow chart of a measurement method for precision sowing of wheat according to the present invention.
图中：In the picture:
1.传动齿轮2.B型平键3.导种辊4.导种辊轴承5.导种辊轴承止推环6.计数传感器7.传感器安装板8.挡板9.排种盒10.直流电机11.电机支架12.螺栓13.齿形带14.同步齿轮15.传动齿轮轴承止推环16.传动齿轮轴承17.竖直挡板Ⅰ18.竖直挡板Ⅱ19.传动齿轮轴1. Transmission gear 2. B-type flat key 3. Seed guide roller 4. Seed guide roller bearing 5. Seed guide roller bearing thrust ring 6. Counting sensor 7. Sensor mounting plate 8. Baffle 9. Seed metering box 10. DC motor 11. Motor bracket 12. Bolt 13. Toothed belt 14. Synchronous gear 15. Transmission gear bearing thrust ring 16. Transmission gear bearing 17. Vertical baffle Ⅰ 18. Vertical baffle Ⅱ 19. Transmission gear shaft
具体实施方式Detailed ways
以下结合附图1-5对本发明作进一步详细说明。The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings 1-5.
一种小麦精量播种的计量装置，包括：一对传动齿轮1、B型平键2、一对导种辊3、两个导种辊轴承4、四个导种辊轴承止推环5、计数传感器6、传感器安装板7、一对挡板8、排种盒9、直流电机10、电机支架11、螺栓12、齿形带13、同步齿轮14、两个传动齿轮轴承止推环15、两个传动齿轮轴承16、两个传动齿轮轴19、竖直挡板Ⅰ17和竖直挡板Ⅱ18；A metering device for wheat precision sowing, including: a pair of transmission gears 1, B-type flat keys 2, a pair of seed guide rollers 3, two seed guide roller bearings 4, four seed guide roller bearing thrust rings 5, Counting sensor 6, sensor mounting plate 7, a pair of baffles 8, seed box 9, DC motor 10, motor bracket 11, bolt 12, toothed belt 13, synchronous gear 14, two transmission gear bearing thrust rings 15, Two transmission gear bearings 16, two transmission gear shafts 19, vertical baffles I17 and vertical baffles II18;
所述竖直挡板Ⅰ17和竖直挡板Ⅱ18均固定在排种盒9上，分别位于一对导种辊3的左右两侧，所述竖直挡板Ⅰ17和竖直挡板Ⅱ18上均设有两个通孔；所述一对挡板8固定在排种盒9上，分别位于一对导种辊3的前后两侧，所述挡板8上设有孔，所述排种盒9通过挡板8上的孔与小麦播种机固定；The vertical baffles I17 and II18 are both fixed on the seed box 9 and are located on the left and right sides of a pair of seed guide rollers 3 respectively. Two through holes are provided; the pair of baffles 8 are fixed on the seed metering box 9, respectively located on the front and rear sides of the pair of seed guide rollers 3. The baffles 8 are provided with holes, and the seed metering box 9 is fixed with the wheat seeder through the holes on the baffle 8;
所述一对导种辊3的一端分别通过B型键2与一对传动齿轮1连接；所述导种辊3的另一端设有导种辊轴，竖直挡板Ⅱ18的通孔内安装有导种辊轴承4，导种辊轴依次穿过导种辊轴承止推环5、导种辊轴承4、导种辊轴承止推环5，通过两个导种辊轴承止推环5限制其轴向运动，One end of the pair of seed guide rollers 3 is connected to a pair of transmission gears 1 through B-type keys 2 respectively; the other end of the seed guide roller 3 is provided with a seed guide roller shaft, which is installed in the through hole of the vertical baffle II 18 There is a seed guide roller bearing 4, and the seed guide roller shaft passes through the seed guide roller bearing thrust ring 5, the seed guide roller bearing 4, the seed guide roller bearing thrust ring 5 in sequence, and is limited by the two seed guide roller bearing thrust rings 5 Its axial movement,
所述一对传动齿轮1分别固定在两个传动齿轮轴19上，其中一个传动齿轮轴19的一端设有同步齿轮14，同步齿轮14通过顶丝与传送齿轮轴19连接，竖直挡板Ⅰ17的通孔内安装有传动齿轮轴承16，每个传动齿轮轴19的另一端均依次穿过传动齿轮轴承16、传动齿轮轴承止推环15，通过传动齿轮轴承止推环15限制其轴向运动，The pair of transmission gears 1 are respectively fixed on two transmission gear shafts 19. One end of one of the transmission gear shafts 19 is provided with a synchronization gear 14. The synchronization gear 14 is connected to the transmission gear shaft 19 through a jack screw. The vertical baffle I17 A transmission gear bearing 16 is installed in the through hole. The other end of each transmission gear shaft 19 passes through the transmission gear bearing 16 and the transmission gear bearing thrust ring 15 in sequence, and its axial movement is restricted by the transmission gear bearing thrust ring 15. ,
所述计数传感器6胶接至传感器安装板7，传感器安装板7固定在排种盒9上，位于竖直挡板Ⅱ18的右侧；所述直流电机10通过螺栓12固定在电机支架11上，所述电机支架11位于排种盒9的左下方；所述直流电机10的输出轴上设有同步齿轮14，同步齿轮14通过顶丝与直流电机10的输出轴连接，所述齿形带13套在传动齿轮轴19上的同步齿轮14与直流电机10的输出轴上的同步齿轮14上。The counting sensor 6 is glued to the sensor mounting plate 7. The sensor mounting plate 7 is fixed on the seed box 9 and is located on the right side of the vertical baffle II 18; the DC motor 10 is fixed on the motor bracket 11 through bolts 12. The motor bracket 11 is located at the lower left of the seed box 9; a synchronous gear 14 is provided on the output shaft of the DC motor 10, and the synchronous gear 14 is connected to the output shaft of the DC motor 10 through a jack screw, and the toothed belt 13 It is sleeved on the synchronizing gear 14 on the transmission gear shaft 19 and the synchronizing gear 14 on the output shaft of the DC motor 10 .
在上述方案的基础上，所述导种辊3与水平面呈一定锐角。Based on the above solution, the seed guide roller 3 forms a certain acute angle with the horizontal plane.
在上述方案的基础上，所述一对传动齿轮1通过齿轮啮合传递动力，带动所述一对导种辊3转动。Based on the above solution, the pair of transmission gears 1 transmit power through gear meshing to drive the pair of seed guide rollers 3 to rotate.
在上述方案的基础上，所述直流电机10的转速可以调节。Based on the above solution, the rotation speed of the DC motor 10 can be adjusted.
在上述方案的基础上，所述一对导种辊3在工作过程中转动方向相反。同时两个导种辊3之间的间距为1毫米。Based on the above solution, the pair of seed guide rollers 3 rotate in opposite directions during operation. At the same time, the distance between the two seed guide rollers 3 is 1 mm.
在上述方案的基础上，所述计数传感器6是压电传感器或光电传感器。Based on the above solution, the counting sensor 6 is a piezoelectric sensor or a photoelectric sensor.
在上述方案的基础上，所述传感器安装板7与竖直平面呈一定锐角。Based on the above solution, the sensor mounting plate 7 forms a certain acute angle with the vertical plane.
在上述方案的基础上，所述传感器安装板7、一对挡板8、排种盒9、电机支架11、竖直挡板Ⅰ17和竖直挡板Ⅱ18是通过3D打印技术一体化打印完成。所述的排种盒9通过挡板8上的孔与小麦播种机固定。Based on the above solution, the sensor mounting plate 7, a pair of baffles 8, the seed box 9, the motor bracket 11, the vertical baffle I17 and the vertical baffle II18 are integrated and printed using 3D printing technology. The seed box 9 is fixed to the wheat seeder through the holes on the baffle 8 .
一种小麦精量播种的计量装置的实现方法，包括以下步骤：A method for implementing a metering device for precision sowing of wheat, including the following steps:
步骤1、计量装置启动后，直流电机10带动同步齿轮14转动，同步齿轮14带动传动齿轮1转动，传动齿轮1带动导种辊3转动；Step 1. After the metering device is started, the DC motor 10 drives the synchronous gear 14 to rotate, the synchronous gear 14 drives the transmission gear 1 to rotate, and the transmission gear 1 drives the seed guide roller 3 to rotate;
步骤2、当小麦播种机的排种器将小麦排出时，种子掉落至导种辊3上，转动的导种辊3将种子分散开来，小麦种子排列成队，同时种子加速运动至导种辊3的末端，最终与压电传感器碰撞或者遮挡光电传感器光线，采集压电传感器输出电压信号或光电传感器输出脉冲信号，然后进行信号标定，将电压信号或脉冲信号转换成质量值，测得小麦播种量。此外，由于直流电机10转速可以调节，因此本装置在工作过程中可以调节排种速度，与播种机具作业速度相匹配，从而完成小麦播种量的计量。Step 2. When the seed metering device of the wheat seeder discharges the wheat, the seeds fall onto the seed guide roller 3. The rotating seed guide roller 3 disperses the seeds. The wheat seeds are arranged in a row. At the same time, the seeds accelerate to the guide roller. The end of the seed roller 3 finally collides with the piezoelectric sensor or blocks the light of the photoelectric sensor, collects the output voltage signal of the piezoelectric sensor or the output pulse signal of the photoelectric sensor, and then performs signal calibration, converts the voltage signal or pulse signal into a quality value, and measures Wheat seeding rate. In addition, since the speed of the DC motor 10 can be adjusted, the device can adjust the seeding speed during operation to match the operating speed of the seeding machine, thereby completing the measurement of the wheat seeding amount.
本说明书中未作详细描述的内容属于本领域专业技术人员公知的现有技术。Contents not described in detail in this specification belong to the prior art known to those skilled in the art.
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