CN109040254A - A kind of potting soil humid control box based on WIFI connection mobile phone or computer - Google Patents
A kind of potting soil humid control box based on WIFI connection mobile phone or computer Download PDFInfo
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- CN109040254A CN109040254A CN201810895861.9A CN201810895861A CN109040254A CN 109040254 A CN109040254 A CN 109040254A CN 201810895861 A CN201810895861 A CN 201810895861A CN 109040254 A CN109040254 A CN 109040254A
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- humidity
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
- H04L67/01—Protocols
- H04L67/12—Protocols specially adapted for proprietary or special-purpose networking environments, e.g. medical networks, sensor networks, networks in vehicles or remote metering networks
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D22/00—Control of humidity
- G05D22/02—Control of humidity characterised by the use of electric means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08C—TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS FOR MEASURED VALUES, CONTROL OR SIMILAR SIGNALS
- G08C17/00—Arrangements for transmitting signals characterised by the use of a wireless electrical link
- G08C17/02—Arrangements for transmitting signals characterised by the use of a wireless electrical link using a radio link
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
- H04L67/01—Protocols
- H04L67/02—Protocols based on web technology, e.g. hypertext transfer protocol [HTTP]
- H04L67/025—Protocols based on web technology, e.g. hypertext transfer protocol [HTTP] for remote control or remote monitoring of applications
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of potting soil humid control box based on WIFI connection mobile phone or computer, the control box and soil humidity measuring circuit, peristaltic pump driving circuit being mainly made of ESP-12 with WIFI single-chip microcontroller form.The operation control box on mobile phone or computer is made to realize flowerpot automatic watering function or remotely monitor very convenient through WIFI connection mobile phone or computer.Control box includes the ac-excited high alternating voltage reading circuit for surveying soil resistance, is connected to humidity sensor electrode carbon-point, the peristaltic pump of specialized processes.ESP-12 programs firmware with the LUA scripting language of NODEMCU with WIFI single-chip microcontroller, rightly constitutes this whole set of economic and practical device.Not only local WIFI connection is controlled box, can also remotely be connected with MQTT Internet of Things lightweight protocol for mobile phone or computer.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to planting equipment field, automatic control and WIFI internet of things field, more particularly to one kind to be based on WIFI
Connect the potting soil humid control box of mobile phone or computer.
Background technique
Flowerpot automatic watering controller is more common in the TT&C system temporarily built or at regular time and quantity watering device, profession neck
Domain is then based on agricultural irrigation equipment.It is portable, seldom seen using simple household slimline soil humidity control equipment.Although
Also the soil Humidity Detection inserted sheet of useful printed circuit board microarray strip designs recently, but it easily by soil burn into line it is more,
Extensive application that is at high cost, being not suitable for mess-tin or this small basin close planting type future home entertaining plantation of milky tea cup.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is a kind of potting soil humid control box based on WIFI connection mobile phone or computer, using succinct honest and clean
Single-chip microcontroller connection mobile phone or computer of the ESP-12 of valence with WIFI, once combining the mobile phone or computer of general-purpose, every operation is all
It becomes familiar with intuitively, and control box is made to become simple, it is no longer necessary to display screen and key.Box is controlled also specifically for soil humidity
Monitoring devises the ac-excited high alternating voltage for surveying soil resistance and reads method, the humidity sensor electrode carbon-point for improving technique, adopts
The potting of a set of compact volume and convenience is rightly constructed with antipollution convenient for quantitative peristaltic pump, novel I C and MOS switch pipe
Native humidity control system.
The technical proposal for solving the technical problem of the invention is as follows: a kind of basin based on WIFI connection mobile phone or computer
Native humid control box is planted, it further includes the inspection of soil humidity which, which is mainly processing control with the single-chip microcontroller ESP-12 with WIFI,
Slowdown monitoring circuit, peristaltic pump driving circuit, two humidity sensor electrode carbon-points, peristaltic pumps, Switching Power Supply；
Two humidity sensor electrode carbon-points separate is embedded in flowerpot two sides vertically, through two humidity sensor electrode connecting lines and humidity
Soil humidity measuring circuit in sensing electrode connecting plug connection control box；Peristaltic pump or immersible pump watering are drawn by watering tube
For water to flowerpot, peristaltic pump supply lines plug connects peristaltic pump driving circuit；Box is controlled by the connection 220V power supply of electric power incoming line plug；
Start automatic watering function when clay and drying degree reaches upper threshold value, by the soil Humidity Detection less than half an hour, stopping is poured automatically
Water makes soil moisture stable in lower threshold value；Define upper lower threshold value are as follows: the endpoint value of the suitable dry and wet range of plantation soil；
The GPIOx output square wave of single-chip microcontroller ESP-12 grafts clay the input of native humidity measuring circuit in the control box
End, graft clay the output end of native humidity measuring circuit for the input port ADC of single-chip microcontroller ESP-12；The GPIOx of single-chip microcontroller ESP-12 also connects
Peristaltic pump driving circuit；Power supply+end of single-chip microcontroller ESP-12 and peristaltic pump driving circuit+end connect respectively Switching Power Supply+
3.3V output and+12V output；Cathode is grounded entirely；
The soil humidity measuring circuit includes: triode Tr, diode D, resistance R0, resistance R1, resistance R2, resistance
R3, capacitor C, capacitor C1；One end of the PWM square-wave signal terminating resistor R3 of single-chip microcontroller GPIOx output, another termination three of resistance R3
The base stage of pole pipe Tr, another termination+12V of collector the connecting resistance R1, resistance R1 of triode Tr, while the current collection of triode Tr
Pole also meets protective resistance R0, the other end of the resistance R0 anode with one end and peak value rectification diode D for meeting capacitance C respectively
It links together, is denoted as T point；One pole of another termination humidity sensor electrode carbon-point of capacitance C, humidity sensor electrode carbon-point
Another pole, Tr emitter, the one end filter capacitor C1, the one end load resistance R2 be grounded, the negative terminal of peak value rectification diode D,
The other end of load resistance R2, the other end of filter capacitor C1 are connected together as the output end of soil humidity measuring circuit,
The output end connects single-chip microcontroller ADC input terminal；
Or, the soil humidity measuring circuit includes time base circuit NE555, diode D, diode D5, resistance R4, resistance
R5, resistance R0, resistance R1, resistance R2, resistance R3, capacitor C5, capacitor C, capacitor C1；2,6 feet and capacitor C5, resistance of NE555
R4, resistance R5 one end link together, the anode of another terminating diode D5 of resistance R5, cathode, the resistance R4 of diode D5
3 feet of the other end and NE555 link together, and 8 feet of NE555 and the one end resistance R1 link together and meet+12V, resistance R1
7 feet of the other end, the one end resistance R0 and NE555 link together, and the resistance R0 other end and connect the one end capacitance C and rectification
Diode D anode links together, and is denoted as T point, a pole of another termination humidity sensor electrode carbon-point of capacitance C, humidity
Another pole of sensing electrode carbon-point, the other end of capacitor C5,1 foot of NE555, the one end filter capacitor C1 and load resistance R2 mono-
End be grounded, the negative terminal of peak value rectification diode D, one end of resistance R2, filter capacitor C1 one end be connected together as mud
The output end of native humidity measuring circuit, the output end connect single-chip microcontroller ADC input terminal；
When needing the detection of four tunnels, soil humidity measuring circuit further includes four selecting an integrated circuit CD4052；It is connect from T point
13 foot of the common end CD4052 (A), (A0) 12 foot, (A1) 14 foot, (A2) 15 foot, (A3) 11 foot connect respectively 4 tunnels capacitance C and
A pole in humidity sensor electrode carbon-point (20), two selection foot (S0) 10 feet, (S1) 9 foot connect two GPIOx mouthfuls of single-chip microcontroller, control
Select in 4 tunnels certain all the way；4 GPIOx mouthfuls of single-chip microcontroller connect 4 road peristaltic pump driving circuits；
The humidity sensor electrode carbon-point is that one end tight one of carbon-point encloses conductive metal circle, passes through the conductive metal
Circle crimping or welding humidity sensor electrode connecting line, and application of resin or plastic packaging outside the conductive metal circle；
Or the humidity sensor electrode carbon-point is one layer of metal of end plating of carbon-point, welds humidity in the coat of metal
Sensing electrode line, and to the coated plastic cement of the coat of metal and sealing wire root or sealing resin；
The peristaltic pump driving circuit includes NPN triode T8, p-type metal-oxide-semiconductor pMos, diode D8, capacitor C8, resistance
R8, resistance R81, resistance R82；One another termination NPN triode T8 base of GPIOx delivery outlet connecting resistance R8, resistance R8 of single-chip microcontroller
Pole, one end of NPN triode T8 collector connecting resistance R82, the resistance R82 other end and the one end resistance R81 connect p-type metal-oxide-semiconductor
PMos grid, the resistance R81 other end and p-type metal-oxide-semiconductor pMos source electrode connect together and connect+12V forceful electric power, p-type metal-oxide-semiconductor pMos drain electrode point
One end, diode D8 negative terminal and the one end capacitor C8 of pump supply lines plug are not connect, pump the other end, the diode D8 of supply lines plug
Anode, the capacitor C8 other end and NPN triode T8 emitter are grounded；
Or, the peristaltic pump driving circuit includes N-type Mos pipe, diode D8, capacitor C8, resistance R8；Single-chip microcontroller one
Another termination Mos tube grid of GPIOx delivery outlet connecting resistance R8, resistance R8, Mos pipe source electrode ground connection, the drain electrode of Mos pipe connect pump respectively and supply
One end, diode D8 anode and one end capacitor C8 of wire and plug pump the other end, diode D8 negative terminal and the electricity of supply lines plug
The appearance C8 other end, which links together, connects+12V forceful electric power；
Mobile phone or computer are communicated by WIFI and single-chip microcontroller ESP-12, realize policer operation circle by mobile phone or computer
Face, controlling single-chip microcontroller in box is the ESP-12 module with WIFI function, and the LUA scripting language with NODEMCU programs firmware, selected
Program module includes WIFI, NET, MQTT agreement, GPIO mouthfuls, SPI mouthfuls of operations, and remote internet of things uses MQTT agreement；
It is listed line by line with tabular form at the policer operation interface of mobile phone or computer: current humidity, upper threshold value, lower threshold value, often
Row is corresponding all the way；Click upper threshold value or lower threshold value enter at any time directly inputs numerical value modification；
Lower threshold value setting 0 is indicated to close and be watered, and lower threshold value setting 1 indicates to be kept on all watering, can also directly input text
ON, off, open and close；
Mobile phone or computer WIFI connection control three kinds of networking modes of box point:
Band WIFI single-chip microcontroller ESP-12 oneself in mode 1, control box is exactly WIFI AP web page server, mobile phone or electricity
Brain just connects this WIFI, and accesses 192.168.4.1 with browser；Which is mainly used as in addition to energy monitoring humidity
Band WIFI single-chip microcontroller ESP-12 in control box is set, can connect wireless router or available WIFI, including WIFI,
Password, and show (DHCP) IP after connecting, it is connected for following manner 2；Which mobile phone or computer outer net are obstructed, so
Be used only as networking rigid beginning when setting WIFI, password；
The single-chip microcontroller ESP-12 with WIFI in mode 2, control box connects wireless router or available WIFI automatically, by
Aforesaid way 1 has set WIFI, password in advance, and has write down and connected rear shown (DHCP) IP；In addition, also increasing by one
A networking indicator light connects single-chip microcontroller GPIOx delivery outlet, and the bright expression of networking indicator light controls the 2WIFI successful connection of box mode；Mobile phone
Or computer also connects wireless router or available WIFI, only with the IP that writes down of browser access can connect at any time control box into
Row monitoring humidity；
Band WIFI single-chip microcontroller ESP-12 in mode 3, control box includes Internet of Things MQTT agreement, and mobile phone or computer remote are logical
Cross MQTT agreement connection control box monitoring humidity.
Further, some kinds can the 12V operating voltage to soil humidity measuring circuit be changed to 5V, enable resistance Rl at
Reduce again, to be applicable in the detection of moisture-proof plantation；The output of such case Switching Power Supply is 12V and 5V, and 5V is through LDO type three terminal regulator
3.3V is exported for single-chip microcontroller ESP-12 operating voltage；
Or some kinds can connect again a voltage-stabiliser tube in the diode D in soil humidity measuring circuit, make soil humidity
The output voltage of detection circuit reduces the pressure stabilizing value of voltage-stabiliser tube, to make soil moisture-saturated value close to 0；
Or connect again a voltage-stabiliser tube in the upper end resistance R2, from the tie point of voltage-stabiliser tube and resistance R2 output Humidity Detection electricity
The tie point of pressure, i.e. voltage-stabiliser tube and resistance R2 connects single-chip microcontroller ADC input terminal, reduces the output voltage of soil humidity measuring circuit
The pressure stabilizing value of voltage-stabiliser tube, to make soil moisture-saturated value close to 0；
The voltage-stabiliser tube be the Schottky diode of forward voltage drop 0.3V, forward voltage drop 0.6V normal silicon diode or
The patch voltage-stabiliser tube of 2.2V, 3.3V.
Further, humidity sensor electrode connecting line plug and peristaltic pump supply lines plug can be merged into one by some kinds
Three-terminal polarized plus plug or quadrupole plug.
Further, the 220V transformation of the control box uses quasi-resonance type soft switching power；12V power supply has electric current limit
Defencive function processed.
Further, the control box further includes that ticking of being connected with single-chip I/O mouth and powers on/indicating fault at sound buzzer
Lamp (2), the indicator light is always on when working properly, indicator light flashing when abnormal conditions, and the sound buzzer sounding that ticks occurs.
Further, the junction of two humidity sensor electrode connecting lines and humidity sensor electrode connecting line plug, which increases, patches
Part.
Further, the control box further includes total power switch, is connected on plug-in power pack inlet wire.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are: flowerpot does not have to bottom outlet, and it is water-tight, it is much cleaner.
It is small and exquisite cheapness because of carbon electrode, insertion or plug repeatedly for a long time after pre-buried, kind either before kind, not shadow
It rings Cultivate administration maintenance or root is hurt in small basin dense planting, all pottings can be allowed all to plug carbon electrode, more basin wheel set of device.
The upper lower threshold value of display is exactly the endpoint mark post value for planting the soil dry and wet scope of application, is recorded and analyzed convenient for scientific research.
There is adjustable adaptability to drying type plantation and flame-proof moisture resistance type plantation, it is wet to fearness to be afraid of that dry germination, nursery plantation are closed
Key link is the rare economic and practical equipment of soil humidity of keeping under strict control.
The scheme that the present invention is mentioned has significant cost performance, simplification, either cheap ESP-12 and hardware configuration,
Or NODEMCU basic firmware (it all finishes writing common hardware effort calling function) is selected, so that WIFI connection hand
Machine or computer become succinctly, including remotely monitor using MQTT Internet of Things lightweight protocol.Online MQTT Service Source is abundant,
Even if cheap 4G wirelessly small flow packet still can be used in no network area (packet year 1G is less than 100 yuan).
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is potting soil humid control box and matching component connection schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is soil humidity measuring circuit figure；
Fig. 3 is 4 tunnel timesharing change detection circuit diagrams；
Fig. 4 is the soil humidity measuring circuit figure that 555 time base circuits are constituted；
Fig. 5 is a kind of peristaltic pump driving circuit figure；
Fig. 6 is another peristaltic pump driving circuit figure；
In figure, 1, control box, 2, power on/malfunction indicator lamp, 3, networking indicator light, 4, power switch, 5, buzzer, 6, wet
Degree sensing electrode connecting plug, 7, humidity sensor electrode connecting line, 8, peristaltic pump supply lines plug, 9, peristaltic pump, 10, watering tube,
11, peristaltic pump water inlet pipe, 12, water tank, 13, electric power incoming line plug, 14, flowerpot soil, 20, humidity sensor electrode carbon-point.
Specific embodiment
Automatic watering device component is built as shown in Figure 1, control box 1 therein is core, has not only made pump power supply adaptation, but also packet
Humid control is included, there are also required WIFI connection mobile phone or computers.Man machine operation interface is familiar with straight certainly on mobile phone or computer
See, display interface is listed line by line in the form of a list: current humidity, upper threshold value, lower threshold value, every row are corresponding all the way.In click
Threshold value or lower threshold value, which jump out input frame, allows input numerical value to modify, and lower threshold value setting 0 indicates to close watering, lower threshold value 1 table of setting
Show and be kept on all watering, text ON, off, open and close can also be directly inputted.
The characteristics of being controlled based on the automatic watering function that humidity and upper lower threshold value are arranged is: two humidity sensor electrode carbon-points 20 divide
It opens and is embedded in 14 two sides of flowerpot soil (planting body makes Humidity Detection general equilibrium in the two center range) vertically, through two humidity
Sensing electrode line 7 and humidity sensor electrode connecting line plug 6 (can be very long) connection control box.The summary of soil humid control is to work as
Clay and drying degree reaches upper threshold value and starts automatic watering function, by the soil Humidity Detection less than half an hour, stops automatic watering function
Make soil moisture stable in lower threshold value.
Note that key here is that " by the soil Humidity Detection less than half an hour, stopping automatic watering function making soil humidity
Stablize in lower threshold value ": it is not that simple " stopping watering to lower threshold value " often collects since soil infiltration situation comes and go
Do not disperse down at product one, if it is often too late simply to have waited until that lower threshold value just stops watering when watering.Therefore here
" automatic watering function " does not water not instead of continuously, pours according to history irrigation amount and infiltration reflecting time and stops gradually detecting in place,
Period especially monitors the quickening or slack-off situation of infiltration, shortens watering time under the premise of controllable, until soil humidity is steady
It is scheduled on lower threshold value (if cannot, report an error).The lower threshold value (to user's operation) defined in this way is simply saved trouble certainly.
Automatic watering function optimal algorithm is not discussed here, also not making the claim of this respect, (basic method is briefly
Be: water of gradually first adding some points less compares lower threshold value after waiting it to stablize again), only emphasize: the upper lower threshold value defined in this way is actually
Plant the endpoint mark post value that soil dry and wet is suitble to range (method is buried to current sensing electrode).
Satisfied preceding first manual plus water (lower threshold value sets 1) is automatically controlled, pays attention to observing humidity display value, repeated multiple times determination
(drying) numerical value needs to start when arriving what value greatly adds water, as aridity upper threshold value.Same repeated multiple times observation plus water are suitble to
When, humidity display value constantly reduces, and small to how many when, (soil water suction is uniform and stable.To different plantation soil, it is up to sometimes
Half an hour) it is used as humidity lower threshold value.
Just start that upper lower threshold value (setting mistake will not enter, such as setting upper threshold value is less than lower threshold value) is at will arranged, it can be at any time
Adjustment setting, it is gradually perfect.
Flowerpot does not have to bottom outlet, water-tight, much cleaner.
Water 10 diversion of watering tube that pipeline is specifically pumped by peristaltic pump 9 or immersible pump (without what is first poured water) by connection to
Flowerpot.Wriggling pump discharge is small, lift is big, pours water liquid only flows in a pipe, and contact stain does not pump mechanical part, and installs
It is fixed to be drawn water by peristaltic pump water inlet pipe 11 into water tank 12 without particular/special requirement, peristaltic pump 9 or immersible pump, to water tank 12
It has no special requirements, it is all right to be placed on eminence, lower, is well suited for potted plant growth watering.
Box is controlled with the single-chip microcontroller ESP-12 (E, F, N) with WIFI as inter-process control, the input port ADC of single-chip microcontroller connects
The soil humidity measuring circuit of Fig. 2 exports, the soil Humidity Detection electricity of GPIOx mouthfuls of output PWM square wave map interlinkings 2 for single-chip microcontroller
Road (square wave) input terminal；Four GPIOx of single-chip microcontroller control four road peristaltic pump driving circuits (control pump operation/stopping).
Every road peristaltic pump driving circuit figure (including single channel) sees Fig. 5.GPIOx mouthfuls of string resistance R8 of one single-chip microcontroller connect NPN crystalline substance
Body pipe T8 base stage b, T8 emitter e ground connection, T8 collector c string resistance R82 connect p-type low-resistance metal-oxide-semiconductor pMos grid g, pMos pipe grid
Pole g also connecting resistance R81 to+12V (forceful electric power), pMos pipe source electrode s meets+12V (forceful electric power), pMos pipe drain electrode d connects 9 supply lines of peristaltic pump
One end of plug 8, realize 8 other end of peristaltic pump supply lines plug ground connection different electrical power (microcontroller power supply is 3.3V) between
Less isolated switching mode driving (electric motor short circuit or switching tube burn will not damage single-chip microcontroller).Peristaltic pump supply lines is inserted in actual circuit
The first 8 both ends anti-interference absorbing circuit of counter electromotive force of reversal connection diode D8 and capacitor C8 composition also in parallel.
Here apply emerging low on-resistance type power MOS pipe in recent years, low on-resistance tens milliohms (with
Under), cooling fin is not necessarily to completely to the pump electric current of 1A or so, mounting structure is simplified, volume is minimum (patch), and particularly suitable multichannel is opened
Close driving (being the key that small size).Along with metal-oxide-semiconductor grid current is zero, power (forceful electric power) to the power of 12V or more, completely
It avoids and makees (the transistor base 0.6V control of (because caused by base current is big) driving power consumption of switching tube greatly with transistor
Voltage mismatches) problem.
If pump supply lines plug 8 need not one end ground connection (wanted when being combined into a socket with humidity sensor electrode connecting line plug 6
With quadrupole plug), then it pumps driving circuit and just simplifies are as follows: GPIOx mouthfuls of string resistance R8 for single-chip microcontroller connect N-type low-resistance metal-oxide-semiconductor grid
Pole g, metal-oxide-semiconductor source electrode s ground connection, metal-oxide-semiconductor drain electrode d connect pump supply lines plug 8 one end, pump supply lines plug 8 another termination+
12V (forceful electric power), as shown in Figure 6.
Effective detection of soil humidity is that the success or failure of the set system are crucial, except the stability of soil Humidity Detection, reliability
Outside this basic demand, anti-interference, multichannel is also required to can be switched, numerical value is facilitated to adjust.
Soil humidity measuring circuit selects the ac-excited high alternating voltage for surveying soil resistance shown in Fig. 2 to read method,
In include that ac-excited output, weak peak value rectification, humidity active section indicating value adjustment function can be switched in band resistance square wave source, multichannel:
The soil humidity measuring circuit input terminal of PWM square wave (single-chip microcontroller inherent function) map interlinking 2 of single-chip microcontroller output, input
End meets transistor Tr base stage b, Tr collector c connecting resistance R1 to+12V (high pressure forceful electric power) through resistance R3, while Tr collector c is through protecting
Resistance R0 to T point, i.e. another termination capacitance C of R0 and peak value rectification diode D anode are protected, having obtained bottom is always 0V's
Square wave output point T (is originated, overhead height becomes with humidity from 0V.And CD4052 is suitble to make multy-way switching), the other end of C (as
Ac-excited output end) connecing a pole of humidity sensor electrode carbon-point 20, (namely two humidity sensor electrode connecting lines 7 and humidity pass
A pole in sense electrode connecting plug 6), another pole ground connection of humidity sensor electrode carbon-point 20, as shown in Figure 2.
The negative terminal connecting resistance R2 of peak value rectification diode D, filter capacitor C1 parallel circuit to ground, which is that soil is wet
The detection voltage output point for spending detection circuit connects the Chip Microcomputer A/D C input of 0-3.3V, the entire model corresponding to humidity display value
It encloses.
Each element function main points are as follows:
Two humidity sensor electrode carbon-points 20, which are inserted into soil, forms resistance, connects through capacitance C in square wave output point T,
As load, soil is wetter, and resistance is smaller, and T point square-wave output voltage is lower, and square wave bottom 0V is connected by Tr to be guaranteed, square wave top
Portion's height is pulled up when ending by Tr by R1.Therefore R1 is exactly the internal resistance of ac-excited voltage, and R1 is bigger, more suitable close to constant-current source
The aridity for surveying dry sandy soil is closed, i.e., (in addition to suitable desert plant, bigger demand is that fearness is overly moist to the discrimination of raising dryer section
Germination, nursery), so claiming " band resistance square wave source ".D, the peak rectifier circuit that C1, R2 are constituted is used to read T point wave top high
The voltage value (DC voltage value stabilized) of degree, but be to be afraid of burr interference the shortcomings that peak rectifier circuit, fortunately one side Tr
Conducting without effect, on the other hand wants R2 infinity to be only ideal peak peak rectifier circuit in bottom, caused burr interference
It is worth rectification circuit, and adjusts output voltage with R2 here, the drying values (or upper threshold value) of surveyed soil is made to fall in show value
A high position, as soon as such as be usually be suitble to single-chip microcontroller byte operation ability, use a byte 0-255 as plant soil humidity indicating value
Range (for plantation, has 256 grades of humidity to distinguish enough), and soil has been done and (can make upper threshold value) very much, but indicating value is
100 or so, that will increase R2, improve to improve output voltage；Or soil is not very dry, but indicating value, to 255, that will subtract
Small R2 reduces output voltage, so claiming " adjustment of humidity active section indicating value ".Therefore general R2 be tens K (C1 for less than
0.47uF), it is not real " peak value rectification ", and has low-pass filter effect (anti-interference) concurrently, so claims " weak peak value rectification ".
R0 is protective resistance, and when preventing two humidity sensor electrode carbon-points from touching together, because Tr is connected, the discharge current of C burns Tr.
When to the detection of 4 tunnels, four are connect from T point and selects 13 foot of a common end integrated circuit CD4052 (A), (A0) 12 foot, (A1)
14 feet, (A2) 15 foot, (A3) 11 foot connect respectively 4 tunnels capacitance C series connection humidity sensor electrode carbon-point (20) in a pole (see
Fig. 3), two selection foot (S0) 10 feet, (S1) 9 foot connect two GPIOx mouthfuls of single-chip microcontroller, certain in 4 tunnels of control selections connection is all the way.Cause
This only selects a universal integrated circuit CD4052 to be achieved that timesharing switches the detection of 4 tunnels with two single-chip microcontroller mouths and one cheap four
(and unused four sets of humidity measuring circuits add ADC to select).Why an integrated circuit CD4052 can be selected with general four, be because
T point square wave be it is non-negative (be used directly in 20 input terminal of humidity sensor electrode carbon-point with regard to not all right, be herein ac-excited output point,
CD4052, which cannot work, to be exchanged).
Single-chip microcontroller output PWM square-wave signal (or to save port) can also not had to, time base circuit NE555 is used instead, see Fig. 4.
Here 7 foot discharge tubes in time base circuit NE555 are instead of above-mentioned transistor Tr, the astable circuit that NE555 is constituted instead of
Single-chip microcontroller exports PWM square-wave signal.The 3 feet output connecting resistance R4 of NE555 goes back parallel connection R5 string D5 branch, is to C5 charge and discharge
So that the bottom turn-on time of T point square-wave signal is less than top deadline in order to adjust, is more conducively used as detection.
Some kinds can the 12V operating voltage to soil humidity measuring circuit be changed to 5V, so that resistance Rl is reduced at double, with
The detection of more applicable moisture-proof plantation, that is, increase soil it is wetter when resolution ratio, i.e. this section of number display 40-100 does
Dry section is saturated to peak 255 earlier certainly.The output of such case Switching Power Supply is that (soil is wet by 12V (power forceful electric power) and 5V
Spend detection circuit), 5V exports 3.3V for the work of single-chip microcontroller ESP-12 through LDO type three terminal regulator (such as HT7133, AMS1117)
Voltage.
If it is desired to plus water to saturation (from transparent box it can be seen that there is ponding) when, reading, can be in soil Humidity Detection electricity close to 0
Diode D in road connects a voltage-stabiliser tube again, reduces the output voltage of soil humidity measuring circuit by the pressure stabilizing value of voltage-stabiliser tube；
Or connect again a voltage-stabiliser tube in the upper end resistance R2, Humidity Detection voltage is exported from the tie point of voltage-stabiliser tube and resistance R2, i.e., surely
The tie point of pressure pipe and resistance R2 connect single-chip microcontroller ADC input, reduce the output voltage of soil humidity measuring circuit by voltage-stabiliser tube
Pressure stabilizing value.Former approach theoretically when close to 0 value linear very poor (so not having to generally), but has extension mud herein
The function of the readout resolutions of Tu Shidubaohechu.
Most wet point is shown since 0, the resolution ratio of actually entire Humidity Detection range all improves.
The voltage-stabiliser tube is the normal silicon diode of the Schottky diode of forward voltage drop 0.3V, forward voltage drop 0.6V
The patch voltage-stabiliser tube of (note: 1V voltage-stabiliser tube below is just replaced with the positive junction voltage of diode), 2.2V, 3.3V.Slightly differ
R2 or R1 can be a little adjusted again, but adjusts R2 or R1 very big on the high-end influence of aridity, so turning down end voltage-stabiliser tube.
Here it is supplemented making point explanation:
It is to avoid carbon-point in wet soil from will appear chemical cell effect that ⊙, which does not have to simpler direct current hygrometric soil resistance,
Polarization phenomena, carbon-point polarization potential gradually rises for a long time, causes to be mistaken for clay and drying (it is even contemplated that electrode disengagement)；
⊙ uses ac-excited survey soil resistance, and taller alternating voltage (detection circuit is made not have to input amplifying stage),
First is that making humidity sensor electrode carbon-point 20 can be at three meters or more, only to the line of humidity sensor electrode connecting line plug 6 to be anti-interference
Will common thin doublet cord, and one is ground connection, can be merged into a common three-terminal polarized plus plug with the supply lines plug 8 of pump
(the two shares a ground wire) reduces socket；Second is that (not have to input amplifying stage.It is not only to save an amplifier, it is relevant positive and negative
Power configuration, filter circuit also all eliminate) adapt to 0-3.3V Chip Microcomputer A/D C input range；
Upper lower threshold value after ⊙ is adjusted in place is exactly the endpoint mark post value planted soil dry and wet and be suitble to range, is paid attention to only to working as
Preceding humidity sensor electrode carbon-point buries method.It is different bury method numerical value be discrepant, different size, different soil difference more
Greatly.
But from the point of view of actually planting actual measurement situation, stability, consistency are still felt quite pleased, with most severe no shading
For water management is poured in summer exposure, to Folium Ipomoeae, Herba Kalimeridis (this kind of compared with moisture-proof) to commonly use the soft of humic soil (mixing appropriate soil)
Soil observation is either packaged great circle box, flowerpot water receiving outer package box or big milky tea cup with transparent mess-tin, soup class and makees planting pot,
Intentional form slection shape transparent box not of uniform size is more intuitive in order to observe, and is all no leak bottom outlet, water-saving, hygienic；Humidity
The long 4CM of sensing electrode carbon-point, diameter 0.4CM, in native surface straight cutting, two are observed at a distance of 10CM, kind plant dense planting in centre
As a result it is substantially: water (plant hop to it impotence hang) must be added when display 150 or so；Water is added to start to be saturated to 50
(from transparent box it can be seen that there is ponding).Here be soft peat, add water at a distance of 10CM humidity sensor electrode
The centre of carbon-point, the numerical value after five minutes that adds a little water just stabilize.Humidity sensor electrode carbon-point turns back to numerical value hardly after transfering to again
Become.
⊙ planting body keeps Humidity Detection general equilibrium (outstanding to dryer section in two humidity sensor electrode carbon-point intermediate ranges
Its is important)；Humidity sensor electrode carbon-point also not serious applique basin side with the whole circle in flowerpot side is to disengage when clay and drying is shunk.
The operating voltage of ⊙ soil humidity measuring circuit is set to 12V, is suitble to be afraid of that rotten plant overly moist (belongs to dryer section to answer
With), the very big germination of demand, nursery be exactly be afraid of very much it is overly moist.
⊙ single-chip microcontroller itself has the function of output PWM square-wave signal, and duty ratio is settable.In fact different duty ratios is also
The classification feature of some soil can be achieved.
To sum up the ac-excited specific aim circuit for surveying soil resistance shown in Fig. 2, element used is few, simplifies
Position, adaptive surface is wide, (functional independence of each element is clear) easy to adjust.
The structure of humidity sensor electrode carbon-point 20 is that one end tight one of carbon-point encloses conductive metal circle, passes through the metal
Circle crimping humidity sensor electrode connecting line 7, and application of resin or plastic packaging outside the quoit, completely cut off quoit and lead by soil
Wet environment causes to chemically react or aoxidize.The wet environment of carbon-point and soil has good contact compatibility (reduction and soil
Contact resistance), and carbon-point is never oxidized or erodes.It is small and exquisite cheapness because of this carbon electrode, either
Insertion or plug repeatedly for a long time after pre-buried before kind, kind, does not affect Cultivate administration maintenance or root is hurt in small basin dense planting.I.e. potting is all
This carbon electrode is plugged, it at least can more basin wheel set of device.
The junction of two humidity sensor electrode connecting lines 7 and humidity sensor electrode connecting line plug 6 increase connector (including one
Divide three, that is, after pushing aside, the single line of two humidity sensor electrode connecting lines 7 is also separated) it is convenient for splitting, moves carrying or more basin wheels
Use set of device.
One control box includes multi-path monitoring socket 6,8, in this way, an electric power incoming line plug 13 can pour automatically with multichannel
Water pump.To reduce line when multichannel, the supply lines plug 8 of humidity sensor electrode connecting line plug 6 and pump can be merged into one
A common three-terminal polarized plus plug (the two shares a ground wire).
Humidity sensor electrode connecting line and watering tube 10 can be bound together.
For convenience of power-off, some models may also include total power switch 4 (button switch).When powering on normal ,/failure is powered on
Indicator light 2 is always on.
Because control box is without display screen and key, policer operation interface, control are realized using WIFI connection mobile phone or computer
Single-chip microcontroller is the ESP-12 module with WIFI function in box, and the LUA scripting language with NODEMCU programs firmware, selected program mould
Block includes WIFI, NET, MQTT agreement, GPIO mouthfuls of operations, and remote internet of things uses MQTT agreement.
Have and be familiar with intuitive mobile phone or computation interface, is particularly suitable for multi-path monitoring, display interface is with the shape of list
Formula is listed line by line: current humidity, upper threshold value, lower threshold value, and every row is corresponding all the way；It clicks upper threshold value or lower threshold value directly jumps out input
Frame inputs numerical value modification；Lower threshold value setting 0 is indicated to close and be watered, and lower threshold value setting 1 indicates to be kept on all watering, can also be directly defeated
Enter text ON, off, open and close.
Mobile phone or computer WIFI connection control three kinds of networking modes of box point:
1, controlling box (in ESP-12) oneself is exactly WIFI AP web page server, and mobile phone or computer just connect this
WIFI, and 192.168.4.1 is accessed with browser.Without logical outer net and there is wireless router.Which is wet except that can monitor
It is outside one's consideration, is mainly used as setting control box (in ESP-12), wireless router or available WIFI, including WIFI can be connected
Name, password, and show (DHCP) IP after connecting, it is connected for following manner.Which mobile phone or computer outer net are obstructed, institute
Be used only as networking rigid beginning when setting WIFI, password.
2, control box (in ESP-12 as STATION) connect automatically wireless router or available WIFI (in advance by
Aforesaid way 1 has set WIFI, password, and writes down and connect rear shown (DHCP) IP), networking indicator light 3 is bright.Mobile phone
Or computer also connects wireless router or available WIFI (i.e. former networking is constant), and the IP write down is only accessed with browser (such as
192.168.0.103 control box) can be connected at any time.
Note that just start, control box in a manner of 1 can only be connected certainly because be not provided with WIFI, password, when giving
Control box has set WIFI, after password, and mobile phone or computer mode 1, mode 2 connect all right.
3, controlling box (in ESP-12) includes that Internet of Things MQTT agreement (voluntarily in a manner of 2 connects and responds MQTT association
View), mobile phone or computer can remotely pass through MQTT agreement (through MQTT server) connection control box monitoring humidity.
It is online that there are many free MQTT servers is available, as hivemq.com, cloudmqtt.com,
iot.eclipse.org。
For with computer monitor, as long as copying into paho.javascript plug-in unit, (it is logical with MQTT by WEBSOCKET
News) and HTML5+JS operation interface program be put into computer, double-clicking program can start.
For monitoring mobile phone, by paho.javascript plug-in unit and HTML5+JS operation interface program (mqtt_js/
Index.htm it) is placed under the path sdcard/download/, presses network address file with chrome (HTML5 class) browser: ///
Mnt/sdcard/download/mqtt_js/index.htm is opened.These can also be placed on to web site, browser is routinely
Access the website.This method also allows user to avoid mobile phone-downloaded installation APP.
Peristaltic pump motor starting currents are larger, are protective switch power supply and pump driving switch pipe, and pump+12V power supply included
Ductility limit function of current can use DK401 application-specific integrated circuit more simple realization, see in addition to common amplifier makees detection electric current
DK401.PDF。
220V transformation using quasi-resonance type soft switching power, typical IC and circuit referring to NCP1207, NCP1377,
The PDF documents such as NCP1380 make MOS injectron heat sink very little (or not have to, generate heat with subsequent Schottky Rectifier phase
When.It is the key that small size), it is particularly suitable for the varying load operation of multichannel wriggling pump motor.
Outside encountering water shortage, the blocking of peristaltic pump watering tube 10 or falling in, two humidity sensor electrode connecting lines 7 loosen or humidity
Sensing electrode connecting plug 6 loosens, built in self testing has the alarm of buzzer 5 extremely and powers on the/flashing of malfunction indicator lamp 2, simultaneously
Occurs (certain corresponding road) warning on mobile phone or computer.
Though this technology device is used for potting, equally applicable plantation soil.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of potting soil humid control box based on WIFI connection mobile phone or computer, which is characterized in that the control box mainly with
Single-chip microcontroller ESP-12 with WIFI is processing control, further includes soil humidity measuring circuit, peristaltic pump driving circuit, two humidity
Sensing electrode carbon-point (20), peristaltic pump (9), Switching Power Supply；
Two humidity sensor electrode carbon-points (20) separate and are embedded in flowerpot two sides vertically, through two humidity sensor electrode connecting lines (7) and
Soil humidity measuring circuit in humidity sensor electrode connecting line plug (6) connection control box；Peristaltic pump (9) or immersible pump watering are logical
Watering tube (10) diversion is crossed to flowerpot, peristaltic pump supply lines plug (8) connects peristaltic pump driving circuit；Box is controlled by electric power incoming line
Plug (13) connects 220V power supply；Start automatic watering function when clay and drying degree reaches upper threshold value, by the mud less than half an hour
Native Humidity Detection, stopping automatic watering function making soil moisture stable in lower threshold value；Define upper lower threshold value are as follows: plantation soil is suitble to
The endpoint value of dry and wet range；
The GPIOx output square wave of single-chip microcontroller ESP-12 grafts clay the input terminal of native humidity measuring circuit in the control box, single
Graft clay the output end of native humidity measuring circuit for the input port ADC of piece machine ESP-12；The GPIOx of single-chip microcontroller ESP-12 also connects peristaltic pump
Driving circuit；Power supply+end of single-chip microcontroller ESP-12 and peristaltic pump driving circuit+end connects the+3.3V output of Switching Power Supply respectively
And+12V output；Cathode is grounded entirely；
The soil humidity measuring circuit includes: triode Tr, diode D, resistance R0, resistance R1, resistance R2, resistance R3, electricity
Hold C, capacitor C1；One end of the PWM square-wave signal terminating resistor R3 of single-chip microcontroller GPIOx output, another termination triode of resistance R3
The base stage of Tr, another termination+12V of collector the connecting resistance R1, resistance R1 of triode Tr, while the collector of triode Tr is also
Protective resistance R0 is met, the other end of resistance R0 is connect with the anode of one end and peak value rectification diode D for meeting capacitance C respectively
Together, it is denoted as T point；One pole of another termination humidity sensor electrode carbon-point (20) of capacitance C, humidity sensor electrode carbon-point
(20) another pole, Tr emitter, the one end filter capacitor C1, one end load resistance R2 is grounded, and peak value rectification diode D's is negative
End, the other end of load resistance R2, filter capacitor C1 the other end be connected together as the output of soil humidity measuring circuit
End, the output end connect single-chip microcontroller ADC input terminal；
Or, the soil humidity measuring circuit include time base circuit NE555, diode D, diode D5, resistance R4, resistance R5,
Resistance R0, resistance R1, resistance R2, resistance R3, capacitor C5, capacitor C, capacitor C1；2,6 feet and capacitor C5 of NE555, resistance R4,
One end of resistance R5 links together, the anode of another terminating diode D5 of resistance R5, and cathode, the resistance R4 of diode D5 is another
3 feet of end and NE555 link together, and 8 feet of NE555 and the one end resistance R1 link together and meet+12V, and resistance R1 is another
End, the one end resistance R0 and NE555 7 feet link together, the resistance R0 other end and connect the one end capacitance C and rectify two poles
Pipe D anode links together, and is denoted as T point, a pole of another termination humidity sensor electrode carbon-point (20) of capacitance C, humidity
Another pole of sensing electrode carbon-point (20), the other end of capacitor C5, NE555 1 foot, the one end filter capacitor C1 and load resistance
The one end R2 is grounded, the negative terminal of peak value rectification diode D, one end of resistance R2, filter capacitor C1 one end link together work
For the output end of soil humidity measuring circuit, which connects single-chip microcontroller ADC input terminal；
When needing the detection of four tunnels, soil humidity measuring circuit further includes four selecting an integrated circuit CD4052；CD4052 is met from T point
13 foot of common end (A), (A0) 12 foot, (A1) 14 foot, (A2) 15 foot, (A3) 11 foot meet the capacitance C on 4 tunnels respectively and humidity passes
A pole in sense electrode carbon-point (20), two selection foot (S0) 10 feet, (S1) 9 foot connect two GPIOx mouthfuls of single-chip microcontroller, control selections 4
In road certain all the way；4 GPIOx mouthfuls of single-chip microcontroller connect 4 road peristaltic pump driving circuits；
The humidity sensor electrode carbon-point (20) is that one end tight one of carbon-point encloses conductive metal circle, passes through the conductive metal
Circle crimping or welding humidity sensor electrode connecting line (7), and application of resin or plastic packaging outside the conductive metal circle；
Or the humidity sensor electrode carbon-point (20) is one layer of metal of end plating of carbon-point, welds humidity in the coat of metal
Sensing electrode line (7), and to the coated plastic cement of the coat of metal and sealing wire root or sealing resin；
The peristaltic pump driving circuit includes NPN triode T8, p-type metal-oxide-semiconductor pMos, diode D8, capacitor C8, resistance R8, electricity
Hinder R81, resistance R82；One another termination NPN triode T8 base stage of GPIOx delivery outlet connecting resistance R8, resistance R8 of single-chip microcontroller, NPN
One end of triode T8 collector connecting resistance R82, the resistance R82 other end and the one end resistance R81 connect p-type metal-oxide-semiconductor pMos grid,
The resistance R81 other end and p-type metal-oxide-semiconductor pMos source electrode connect together and connect+12V forceful electric power, and p-type metal-oxide-semiconductor pMos drain electrode connects pump respectively and supplies
One end, diode D8 negative terminal and one end capacitor C8 of wire and plug (8), the other end for pumping supply lines plug (8), diode D8 are just
End, the capacitor C8 other end and NPN triode T8 emitter are grounded；
Or, the peristaltic pump driving circuit includes N-type Mos pipe, diode D8, capacitor C8, resistance R8；One GPIOx of single-chip microcontroller
Another termination Mos tube grid of delivery outlet connecting resistance R8, resistance R8, Mos pipe source electrode ground connection, the drain electrode of Mos pipe connect pump supply lines respectively
One end, diode D8 anode and one end capacitor C8 of plug (8), pump the other end of supply lines plug (8), diode D8 negative terminal and
The capacitor C8 other end, which links together, connects+12V forceful electric power；
Mobile phone or computer are communicated by WIFI and single-chip microcontroller ESP-12, realize policer operation interface, control by mobile phone or computer
Single-chip microcontroller is the ESP-12 module with WIFI function in box processed, and the LUA scripting language with NODEMCU programs firmware, selected program
Module includes WIFI, NET, MQTT agreement, GPIO mouthfuls, SPI mouthfuls of operations, and remote internet of things uses MQTT agreement；
It is listed line by line with tabular form at the policer operation interface of mobile phone or computer: current humidity, upper threshold value, lower threshold value, every row pair
It should all the way；Click upper threshold value or lower threshold value enter at any time directly inputs numerical value modification；
Lower threshold value setting 0 indicate close watering, lower threshold value setting 1 indicate be kept on all watering, can also directly input text ON,
Off, open and close；
Mobile phone or computer WIFI connection control three kinds of networking modes of box point:
Band WIFI single-chip microcontroller ESP-12 oneself in mode 1, control box is exactly WIFI AP web page server, and mobile phone or computer are just
This WIFI is connected, and accesses 192.168.4.1 with browser；Which is mainly used as being arranged in addition to energy monitoring humidity
Control the band WIFI single-chip microcontroller ESP-12 in box, can connect wireless router or available WIFI, including WIFI, it is close
Code, and show (DHCP) IP after connecting, it is connected for following manner 2；Which mobile phone or computer outer net are obstructed, so only
Setting WIFI, password when just starting as networking；
The single-chip microcontroller ESP-12 with WIFI in mode 2, control box connects wireless router or available WIFI automatically, by above-mentioned
Mode 1 has set WIFI, password in advance, and has write down and connected rear shown (DHCP) IP；In addition, also increasing a connection
Net indicator light (3) connects single-chip microcontroller GPIOx delivery outlet, and the bright expression of networking indicator light (3) controls the 2WIFI successful connection of box mode；Hand
Machine or computer also connect wireless router or available WIFI, only can connect control box at any time with the IP that browser access is write down
It is monitored humidity；
Band WIFI single-chip microcontroller ESP-12 in mode 3, control box includes Internet of Things MQTT agreement, and mobile phone or computer remote pass through
MQTT agreement connection control box monitoring humidity.
2. control box according to claim 1, which is characterized in that some kinds can be to the 12V of soil humidity measuring circuit
Operating voltage is changed to 5V, and resistance Rl is enable to reduce at double, to be applicable in the detection of moisture-proof plantation；Such case Switching Power Supply exports
12V and 5V, 5V are through LDO type three terminal regulator output 3.3V for single-chip microcontroller ESP-12 operating voltage；
Or some kinds can connect again a voltage-stabiliser tube in the diode D in soil humidity measuring circuit, make soil Humidity Detection
The output voltage of circuit reduces the pressure stabilizing value of voltage-stabiliser tube, to make soil moisture-saturated value close to 0；
Or connect again a voltage-stabiliser tube in the upper end resistance R2, Humidity Detection voltage is exported from the tie point of voltage-stabiliser tube and resistance R2,
That is the tie point of voltage-stabiliser tube and resistance R2 connects single-chip microcontroller ADC input terminal, reduces the output voltage of soil humidity measuring circuit steady
The pressure stabilizing value of pressure pipe, to make soil moisture-saturated value close to 0；
The voltage-stabiliser tube be the Schottky diode of forward voltage drop 0.3V, forward voltage drop 0.6V normal silicon diode or
The patch voltage-stabiliser tube of 2.2V, 3.3V.
3. the potting soil humid control box according to claim 1 based on WIFI connection mobile phone or computer, which is characterized in that
Some kinds humidity sensor electrode connecting line plug (6) and peristaltic pump supply lines plug (8) can be merged into a three-terminal polarized plus plug or
Quadrupole plug.
4. the potting soil humid control box according to claim 1 based on WIFI connection mobile phone or computer, which is characterized in that
The 220V transformation of the control box uses quasi-resonance type soft switching power；12V power supply has current limit defencive function.
5. the potting soil humid control box according to claim 1 based on WIFI connection mobile phone or computer, which is characterized in that
The control box further includes that ticking of being connected with single-chip I/O mouth and powers on/malfunction indicator lamp (2) at sound buzzer, is referred to when working properly
Show that lamp (2) is always on, indicator light (2) flashing when abnormal conditions, and the sound buzzer sounding that ticks occurs.
6. the potting soil humid control box according to claim 1 based on WIFI connection mobile phone or computer, which is characterized in that
The junction of two humidity sensor electrode connecting lines (7) and humidity sensor electrode connecting line plug (6) increases connector.
7. the potting soil humid control box according to claim 1 based on WIFI connection mobile phone or computer, which is characterized in that
The control box further includes total power switch (4), is connected on plug (13) electric power incoming line.
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