CN109037938B - Millimeter wave broadband circularly polarized microstrip antenna - Google Patents
Millimeter wave broadband circularly polarized microstrip antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN109037938B CN109037938B CN201810914385.0A CN201810914385A CN109037938B CN 109037938 B CN109037938 B CN 109037938B CN 201810914385 A CN201810914385 A CN 201810914385A CN 109037938 B CN109037938 B CN 109037938B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/24—Polarising devices; Polarisation filters
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Abstract
The invention provides a millimeter wave broadband circularly polarized microstrip antenna, and belongs to the technical field of antennas for wireless communication. The antenna comprises a substrate, a microstrip feeder, an impedance converter, a radiation patch and a bottom floor; the microstrip feeder line, the impedance converter and the radiation patch are all positioned on the upper surface of the substrate, the microstrip feeder line is positioned in the middle of the substrate, the radiation patch is close to the edge of the substrate, and the microstrip feeder line is connected with the radiation patch through the impedance converter; the bottom floor is arranged on the lower surface of the substrate, a special-shaped circular ring gap structure is arranged on the bottom floor, and the center of the special-shaped circular ring gap structure corresponds to the center of the radiation patch. The invention provides a millimeter wave broadband circularly polarized microstrip antenna which has the characteristics of wide axial ratio bandwidth, wide impedance bandwidth and the like, has a simple structure, a low profile and convenience in manufacturing, and is suitable for the technical field of antennas for wireless communication.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of antennas for wireless communication, in particular to a millimeter wave broadband circularly polarized microstrip antenna.
Background
With the rapid spread of wireless communication technology and the internet, data traffic has increased geometrically for the bandwidth of the network, and the amount of data to be transmitted by the handheld mobile terminal is also increasing. Today, the evolution of wireless communication technology has gone to the fifth generation (5G). The 5G technology has remarkable data capability, and can bind unlimited call volume and unlimited data broadcasting in the latest mobile operating system, and the high frequency band in use of the 5G technology provides a transmission rate up to several Gbps. The rational utilization of the millimeter wave band is a very prospective choice.
Although the most common polarization mode for wireless communication is still linear polarization, the circularly polarized wave has many advantages of anti-interference, anti-rain fog, anti-attenuation, etc., so that the circularly polarized antenna becomes a development trend and research hotspot. Currently, circularly polarized antennas are widely applied to multiple fields of military communication, satellite navigation and the like, a Beidou satellite navigation system in China adopts circularly polarized satellite antennas, and a circularly polarized technology is not yet popularized in a civil wireless communication system.
The microstrip antenna is an important antenna and can work in a wide frequency band range of 100MHz to 100 GHz. Although the microstrip antenna has the disadvantages of narrow frequency band, high loss, low gain and the like. These drawbacks greatly limit its application fields and categories. However, the structure of the microstrip antenna determines that the microstrip antenna has a series of advantages, such as miniaturization, light weight, good concealment and mobility, and in order to meet the requirement of high-capacity communication, the microstrip antenna is required to have the characteristics of broadband and multi-frequency point, and the microstrip antenna is favored in the communication field due to the advantages. Microstrip circular polarization antennas are widely used, for example, because they combine the advantages and characteristics of both microstrip antennas and circular polarization antennas: measurement, communications, satellite, aerospace, global positioning system, RFID, and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the present invention provides a millimeter wave broadband circularly polarized microstrip antenna, which has the characteristics of a wide axial ratio bandwidth, a wide impedance bandwidth, and the like, and is simple in structure, low in profile, convenient to manufacture, and suitable for the technical field of antennas for wireless communication.
A millimeter wave broadband circularly polarized microstrip antenna comprises a substrate, a microstrip feeder line, an impedance converter, a radiation patch and a bottom floor; the microstrip feeder line, the impedance converter and the radiation patch are all positioned on the upper surface of the substrate, the microstrip feeder line is positioned in the middle of the substrate, the radiation patch is close to the edge of the substrate, and the microstrip feeder line is connected with the radiation patch through the impedance converter; the bottom floor is arranged on the lower surface of the substrate, a special-shaped circular ring gap structure is arranged on the bottom floor, and the center of the special-shaped circular ring gap structure corresponds to the center of the radiation patch.
Furthermore, the special-shaped circular ring gap structure comprises a special-shaped circular groove, a circular patch and a rectangular connecting line; the special-shaped circular groove consists of a large circular groove and a rectangular groove, the center of the rectangular groove is superposed with the circle center of the large circular groove, the length of the rectangular groove is greater than the diameter of the large circular groove, and the depth of the rectangular groove is the same as that of the large circular groove; the circular patch is arranged in the middle of the large circular groove, and the diameter of the circular patch is smaller than that of the large circular groove; the left and right side edges of the circular patch are connected with the left and right side edges of the rectangular groove through rectangular connecting lines, and the width of the rectangular connecting lines is smaller than that of the rectangular groove.
Furthermore, the rectangular connecting lines on the left side and the right side of the circular patch are on the same straight line, two gaps are formed in the rectangular groove areas which are not covered on the two sides of the rectangular connecting lines, the width of each gap is the same, the width of each gap is 0.1-0.4 mm, and the depth of each gap is 0.3-0.6 mm.
Further, the radiation patch adopts an Archimedes spiral curve structure, and the number of turns of the Archimedes spiral is 1.0 turn.
Furthermore, the radius of the outer ring of the radiation patch with the Archimedes spiral curve structure is 2.1-2.5 mm, and the width of the Archimedes spiral curve patch and the gap between the rings are 0.3-0.7 mm.
Furthermore, the substrate is made of polytetrafluoroethylene material, the relative dielectric constant is 2.0-2.5, and the tangent loss angle is 0.0009-0.0037.
Further, the thickness of the substrate is 0.787mm, and the thickness of the copper foil of the top layer and the bottom layer is 0.035mm or 0.017 mm.
Furthermore, the characteristic impedance of the microstrip feeder line is 50 ohms, the width of the microstrip feeder line is 2.0-3.0 mm, and the length of the microstrip feeder line is 2.0-5.0 mm.
Furthermore, the impedance converter is a quarter-wave converter, the length of the impedance converter is 1.7-2.0 mm, and the width of the impedance converter is 0.4-0.7 mm.
Furthermore, the connecting line of the bottom floor is placed in the horizontal direction in the initial state, the circular polarization characteristic of the antenna can be changed by adjusting the included angle between the connecting line and the vertical direction, and the included angle between the connecting line and the vertical direction is 0-90 degrees.
The beneficial technical effects of the invention are as follows: the invention provides a millimeter wave broadband circularly polarized microstrip antenna which has the characteristics of wide axial ratio bandwidth, wide impedance bandwidth and the like, has a simple structure, a low profile and convenience in manufacturing, and is suitable for the technical field of antennas for wireless communication.
Drawings
In order to make the object, technical scheme and beneficial effect of the invention more clear, the invention provides the following drawings for explanation:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a broadband circularly polarized microstrip antenna of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of the broadband circularly polarized microstrip antenna of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a bottom view of the broadband circularly polarized microstrip antenna of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing a curve simulation of the reflection coefficient of the input port of the broadband circularly polarized microstrip antenna according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a simulation diagram of axial ratio curves at the maximum radiation direction of the broadband circularly polarized microstrip antenna according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph of input port reflection coefficient curves for the broadband circularly polarized microstrip antenna of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is an axial ratio curve real-time measurement diagram at the maximum radiation direction of the broadband circularly polarized microstrip antenna of the present invention;
FIG. 8 shows the E-plane and H-plane radiation patterns of the broadband circularly polarized microstrip antenna of the present invention at a frequency of 27 GHz;
FIG. 9 is a left hand circular polarized and right hand circular polarized radiation pattern of the broadband circularly polarized microstrip antenna of the present invention at a frequency of 27 GHz;
FIG. 10 is E-plane and H-plane radiation patterns of the broadband circularly polarized microstrip antenna of the present invention at 28GHz frequency;
FIG. 11 is a left hand circular polarized and right hand circular polarized radiation pattern of the broadband circularly polarized microstrip antenna of the present invention at 28GHz frequency;
1. a substrate; 2. a microstrip feed line; 3. an impedance transformer; 4. a radiation patch; 5. a bottom floor; 6. a special-shaped circular groove; 7. circular patch; 8. and a rectangular connecting line.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the following detailed description is given with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a broadband circularly polarized microstrip antenna of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a top view of the broadband circularly polarized microstrip antenna of the present invention; fig. 3 is a bottom view of the broadband circularly polarized microstrip antenna of the present invention. As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the microstrip patch antenna comprises a substrate 1, a microstrip feed line 2, an impedance transformer 3, a radiation patch 4 and a bottom floor 5; the microstrip feeder line 2, the impedance converter 3 and the radiation patch 4 are all located on the upper surface of the substrate 1, the microstrip feeder line 2 is located in the middle of the substrate 1, the radiation patch 4 is close to the edge of the substrate 1, and the microstrip feeder line 2 is connected with the radiation patch 4 through the impedance converter 3; the bottom floor 5 is arranged on the lower surface of the substrate 1, a special-shaped circular ring gap structure is arranged on the bottom floor 5, and the center of the special-shaped circular ring gap structure corresponds to the center of the radiation patch 4.
The special-shaped circular ring gap structure comprises a special-shaped circular groove 6, a circular patch 7 and a rectangular connecting line 8; the special-shaped circular groove 6 consists of a large circular groove and a rectangular groove, the center of the rectangular groove is superposed with the circle center of the large circular groove, the length of the rectangular groove is greater than the diameter of the large circular groove, and the depth of the rectangular groove is the same as that of the large circular groove; the circular patch 7 is arranged in the middle of the large circular groove, and the diameter of the circular patch 7 is smaller than that of the large circular groove; the left and right side edges of the circular patch 7 are connected with the left and right side edges of the rectangular groove through a rectangular connecting line 8, and the width of the rectangular connecting line 8 is smaller than that of the rectangular groove.
The substrate 1 of the antenna of the invention is made of polytetrafluoroethylene, the relative dielectric constant is 2.2, the tangent loss angle is 0.0009, and the thickness is 0.8 mm. The thicknesses of the microstrip feeder line 2, the impedance converter 3, the radiation patch 4 and the bottom floor 5 are all 0.035 mm; the characteristic impedance of the microstrip feeder line 2 is 50 ohms, the width is 2.5mm, and the length is 3 mm; the impedance transformer 3 between the microstrip feed 2 and the radiating patch 4 is a quarter wave transformer. The wavelength converter has a length of 1.7 to 2.0mm and a width of 0.4 to 0.7 mm. The radiation patch 4 adopts an Archimedes spiral curve structure, the number of turns of the Archimedes spiral is 1.0, the radius of the outer circle of the Archimedes spiral is 2.1-2.5 mm, and the width of the radiation patch 4 and the width of the gap are both 0.3-0.7 mm.
The rectangular groove area uncovered by the rectangular connecting line 8 forms two gaps on two sides of the rectangular connecting line 8, and the two gaps have the same width. Since the two rectangular connecting lines 8 are in the same straight line, the four slits formed by the two rectangular connecting lines 8 and the rectangular groove have the same width. The width of the gap is 0.1-0.4 mm, and the depth is 0.3-0.6 mm. The circular polarization characteristic of the antenna can be changed by adjusting the included angle between the antenna and the vertical direction, and the included angle between the antenna and the vertical direction is 0-90 degrees.
The performance indexes of the invention are simulated and analyzed by CST three-dimensional electromagnetic simulation software and are subjected to physical test verification, the test environment is 800 MHz-75 GHz microwave darkroom, the test equipment is 10 MHz-75 GHz vector network analyzer AV3672D, and the obtained results are as follows:
fig. 4 is a graph showing a simulation of a reflection coefficient curve of an input port of the microstrip feeder 2 in the antenna, wherein an operating frequency band below-10 dB is 25.804 GHz-28.991 GHz, an impedance bandwidth is 3.187GHz, a center frequency point is 27.398GHz, and a bandwidth ratio is 11.63%.
Fig. 5 is a simulation diagram of the maximum radiation direction of the millimeter wave broadband circularly polarized microstrip antenna: the axial ratio curve chart of the directions of the azimuth angle 0 degrees and the zenith angle 15 degrees. In an impedance bandwidth frequency band 25.804 GHz-28.991 GHz, the axial ratio of 25.905 GHz-28.112 GHz is less than 3dB, namely the 3dB axial ratio bandwidth of the millimeter wave broadband circularly polarized microstrip antenna is 2.207GHz, the central frequency point is 27.009GHz, and the bandwidth ratio is 8.17%.
Fig. 6 is a graph showing an input port reflection coefficient curve of the microstrip feeder 2 in the antenna, wherein the operating frequency band below-10 dB is 27.72 GHz-32.36 GHz, the impedance bandwidth is 4.64GHz, the central frequency point is 30.04GHz, and the bandwidth ratio is 15.45%.
Fig. 7 is a maximum radiation direction actual view of the millimeter wave broadband circularly polarized microstrip antenna: the axial ratio curve chart of the directions of the azimuth angle 0 degrees and the zenith angle 15 degrees. In the impedance bandwidth frequency band 27.72 GHz-32.36 GHz, the axial ratio of 27.77 GHz-29.63 GHz is less than 3dB, namely the 3dB axial ratio bandwidth of the millimeter wave broadband circularly polarized microstrip antenna is 1.86GHz, the central frequency point is 28.7GHz, and the bandwidth ratio is 6.48%.
Fig. 8 and 9 are respectively an E-plane radiation pattern, an H-plane radiation pattern, and left-hand circular polarization (LHCP) and right-hand circular polarization (RHCP) radiation patterns of the millimeter wave broadband circularly polarized microstrip antenna at a frequency point of 26 GHz; the gain was 5.36dBi at a frequency of 26GHz and the half-power lobe width was 79.6 °. In fig. 8, the maximum left-hand circular polarization gain is 5.22dBi, the half-power lobe width is 70.4 °, the maximum right-hand circular polarization gain is 3.02dBi, and the half-power lobe width is 66.4 °.
Fig. 10 and 11 are respectively an E-plane radiation pattern, an H-plane radiation pattern, and left-hand circular polarization (LHCP) and right-hand circular polarization (RHCP) radiation patterns of the millimeter wave broadband circularly polarized microstrip antenna at a frequency point of 29 GHz; the gain was 5.95dBi at 29GHz frequency and the half-power lobe width was 74.4 °. In fig. 10, the maximum left-hand circular polarization gain is 5.95dBi, the half-power lobe width is 70.2 °, the maximum right-hand circular polarization gain is 3.12dBi, and the half-power lobe width is 59.7 °.
The above-mentioned embodiments, which further illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention, should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A millimeter wave broadband circular polarization microstrip antenna which characterized in that: the antenna comprises a substrate, a microstrip feeder line, an impedance converter, a radiation patch and a bottom floor; the microstrip feeder line, the impedance converter and the radiation patch are all positioned on the upper surface of the substrate, the microstrip feeder line is positioned in the middle of the substrate, the radiation patch is close to the edge of the substrate, and the microstrip feeder line is connected with the radiation patch through the impedance converter; the bottom floor is arranged on the lower surface of the substrate, a special-shaped circular ring gap structure is arranged on the bottom floor, and the center of the special-shaped circular ring gap structure corresponds to the center of the radiation patch;
the radiation patch adopts an Archimedes spiral structure, and the number of turns of the Archimedes spiral is 1.0;
the special-shaped circular ring gap structure comprises a special-shaped circular groove, a circular patch and a rectangular connecting line; the special-shaped circular groove consists of a large circular groove and a rectangular groove, and the center of the rectangular groove is superposed with the circle center of the large circular groove; the circular patch is arranged in the middle of the large circular groove; the left and right side edges of the circular patch are connected with the left and right side edges of the rectangular groove through rectangular connecting lines.
2. The millimeter wave broadband circularly polarized microstrip antenna of claim 1, wherein: the rectangular connecting lines on the left side and the right side of the circular patch are on the same straight line, two gaps are formed in rectangular groove areas which are not covered on the two sides of the rectangular connecting lines, the width of each gap is the same, the width of each gap is 0.1-0.4 mm, and the depth of each gap is 0.3-0.6 mm.
3. The millimeter wave broadband circularly polarized microstrip antenna of claim 1, wherein: the radius of the outer ring of the radiation patch with the Archimedes spiral curve structure is 2.1-2.5 mm, and the width of the Archimedes spiral curve patch and the gap between the rings are 0.3-0.7 mm.
4. The millimeter wave broadband circularly polarized microstrip antenna of claim 1, wherein: the substrate is made of polytetrafluoroethylene, the relative dielectric constant is 2.0-2.5, and the tangent loss angle is 0.0009-0.0037.
5. The millimeter wave broadband circularly polarized microstrip antenna of claim 1, wherein: the thickness of the base plate is 0.787mm, and the thickness of the copper foil of the top layer and the bottom layer is 0.035mm or 0.017 mm.
6. The millimeter wave broadband circularly polarized microstrip antenna of claim 1, wherein: the characteristic impedance of the microstrip feeder line is 50 ohms, the width of the microstrip feeder line is 2.0-3.0 mm, and the length of the microstrip feeder line is 2.0-5.0 mm.
7. The millimeter wave broadband circularly polarized microstrip antenna of claim 1, wherein: the impedance converter is a quarter-wave converter, the length of the impedance converter is 1.7-2.0 mm, and the width of the impedance converter is 0.4-0.7 mm.
8. The millimeter wave broadband circularly polarized microstrip antenna of claim 7, wherein: the initial state of the connecting wire of the bottom floor is placed in the horizontal direction, the circular polarization characteristic of the antenna can be changed by adjusting the included angle between the connecting wire and the vertical direction, the included angle between the connecting wire and the vertical direction is 0-90 degrees, and the gap width is 0.1-0.3 mm.
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| CN109638417B (en) * | 2019-01-30 | 2024-01-26 | 福州大学 | Miniaturized low-profile directional reader antenna and terminal applied to RFID |
| CN113937502B (en) * | 2021-09-11 | 2023-07-25 | 中国人民武装警察部队工程大学 | Broadband slot circularly polarized antenna with stable gain and wireless communication system |
| CN115173067A (en) * | 2022-08-16 | 2022-10-11 | 重庆邮电大学 | Broadband millimeter wave plane circular polarization split ring antenna based on SIW |
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| CN104979627A (en) * | 2015-06-03 | 2015-10-14 | 冯赵 | Four-arm Archimedean antenna |
| CN204809398U (en) * | 2015-07-31 | 2015-11-25 | 深圳市维力谷无线技术有限公司 | A circular polarization transmission receiving antenna for tightening a test |
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| US20130012140A1 (en) * | 2011-07-05 | 2013-01-10 | Broadcom Corporation | Wireless communication transceiver with reconfigurable poly spiral antenna |
| CN104167602B (en) * | 2014-01-06 | 2016-08-17 | 上海大学 | Q-band unidirectional broadband millimeter wave circular polarisation slot antenna |
| CN105161847B (en) * | 2015-08-19 | 2018-08-10 | 桂林电子科技大学 | Wide band high-gain circular polarized antenna |
| CN106981719B (en) * | 2017-05-16 | 2023-03-24 | 广东工业大学 | Circularly polarized array antenna and communication equipment |
| CN107645051A (en) * | 2017-10-30 | 2018-01-30 | 广东工业大学 | A kind of circular polarized antenna of regular polygon paster |
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| CN104979627A (en) * | 2015-06-03 | 2015-10-14 | 冯赵 | Four-arm Archimedean antenna |
| CN204809398U (en) * | 2015-07-31 | 2015-11-25 | 深圳市维力谷无线技术有限公司 | A circular polarization transmission receiving antenna for tightening a test |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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| A Design of Dual-band Circularly Polarized Millimeter-wave Microstrip Antenna;Huakang Chen等;《2018 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation & USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting》;20180713;参见第1827页左栏第4段至右栏第1段，图1 * |
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