CN109034510A - A kind of taxi Performance Evaluation Methods based on data envelope analysis - Google Patents
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of taxi Performance Evaluation Methods based on data envelope analysis characterized by comprising Step 1: evaluation index selects；Step 2: data processing and index calculate；Step 3: evaluation model is established；Step 4: model solution and interpretation of result.The present invention is based on the processing of taxi operation data and analysis, Performance Evaluation Methods are established, it is objective, scientifically taxi enterprise, industry are evaluated, taxi management and service level are promoted, there is biggish theoretical value and practice significance.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of taxi Performance Evaluation Methods based on data envelope analysis, belong to taxi management field.
Background technique
Taxi is the displaying window of indispensable important component and urban civilization in modern city public transport
Mouthful.With improving and optimization and network about vehicle business for the Urban Public Transportation Networks such as subway, public transport and public bicycles
It rises, traditional taxi enterprise and driver face biggish pressure development.Meanwhile under " internet+" background, taxi is quick
It is to be improved to change horizontal and advanced management level.Enter taxi trade with drop drop for the mobile phone taxi-hailing software of representative, to hire out
While vehicle service band carrys out dramatic change, requirements at the higher level also are proposed to the trade management of taxi.
Diversification with Urban Traffic mode and the extreme influence by modern communication technology, traditional taxi trade
Urgently find the new road for adapting to current situation.And while finding this road, taxi trade also needs to see clearly itself
Advantage and disadvantage carry out Correct Analysis for passenger flow demand and supply capacity to reach the reasonable disposition of resource.Based on this, the present invention will
From status, in conjunction with actual operation data, Performance Evaluation Methods are proposed to taxi trade.
Most common method mainly includes the following categories in the Study on Performance Evaluation of previous public transport:
1) qualitative evaluating method, such as expert meeting method, organizes expert face-to-face exchange, through discussion formed as a result, or
The shortcomings that person's Delphi method, consults expert, is evaluated back-to-back with mail, summarizes, restrains, this method is that subjectivity is stronger,
Conclusion is difficult to reach an agreement when more people evaluate；
2) KPI Key Performance Indicator method generally occurs with the form of ratios of two indices, the cost of such as every operation truck kilometer, also
It can be the form of individual quantitative index and qualitative index, such as operation mileage and travelling speed.The disadvantage is that can only be anti-
Producer part level of performance is reflected, cannot consider the influence of external operations environment.
3) regression analysis, most common regression analysis are least square methods, this is a kind of parametric technique, the disadvantage is that needing
Preset function form is wanted, then seeks the relationship between independent variable and dependent variable, multicollinearity may be generated between independent variable
The problem of.And evaluation is average level of performance, is not the level of performance obtained that compares with the producer of full blast.
By existing technical literature retrieve find, using taxi operation data to taxi Performance Evaluation of Enterprise method not
See open report.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of taxi Performance Evaluation Methods based on data envelope analysis, to taxi
The performance of enterprise carries out effectively evaluating.
Present invention employs following technical solutions:
The present invention provides a kind of taxi Performance Evaluation Methods based on data envelope analysis characterized by comprising
Step 1: evaluation index selects；
Step 2: data processing and index calculate；
Step 3: evaluation model is established；
Step 4: model solution and interpretation of result.
Further, the taxi Performance Evaluation Methods of the invention based on data envelope analysis, can also have such spy
Sign: in step 1, after primary election index, carry out scientific test to the index system of primary election: i.e. monomer test is test with whole.
Further, the taxi Performance Evaluation Methods of the invention based on data envelope analysis, can also have such spy
Sign: in step 2, the GIS road net data based on GPS data from taxi, taxi operation data and static state carries out the pre- of data
Processing, identifies first and rejects the data of velocity anomaly, then carries out section matching to GPS data from taxi, proposes longitude and latitude
The data of missing or return position Information abnormity, finally for speed, normal but other fields have abnormal data to be handled,
Data prediction work can be completed, effective data are obtained.
Further, the taxi Performance Evaluation Methods of the invention based on data envelope analysis, can also have such spy
Sign: further including following steps in step 2: obtaining GPS data from taxi and taxi operation data, is obtained by data prediction
To effective data, the input-occupancy-output analysis and output index of taxi enterprise or industry within certain time are then calculated,
Input as evaluation model.
Further, the taxi Performance Evaluation Methods of the invention based on data envelope analysis, can also have such spy
Sign: in step 3, the evaluation model of foundation is as follows: when returns to scale can be changed, DMUkThe efficiency value of input orientation can be by following formula
It acquires
ur, vi>=ε > 0, r=1 ..., S, i=1 ..., M
Above formula is converted into linear programing model below:
ur, vi>=ε > 0, r=1 ..., S, i=1 ..., M
It can be according to DMU's to be appraised in above formulaThe case where being worth analytical scale remuneration:
WhenWhen, indicate fixed returns to scale；
WhenWhen, indicate decreasing returns to scale；
WhenWhen, indicate increasing returns to scale.
In formula, ur, viThe weight of respectively r-th of output item and i-th of investment item；N is the number of DMU to be appraised, and M is to throw
Enter the number of item, S is the number of output item；ε is a very small positive number, and setting up in practical application is 10-4Or 10-6；
Step 4, model solution and interpretation of result.
Further, the taxi Performance Evaluation Methods of the invention based on data envelope analysis, can also have such spy
Sign: where in step 4, by investment, output index input model, obtain taxi enterprise/industry efficiency of operation value, quality
Efficiency value, overall efficiency value, input and output redundancy；Formula in step 3 is converted into dual problem below, solution procedure
It is as follows:
According in above formulaThe case where being worth analytical scale remuneration:
WhenWhen, indicate fixed returns to scale；
WhenWhen, indicate decreasing returns to scale；
WhenWhen, indicate increasing returns to scale.
In formula, θkFor DMUkRelative efficiency；WithThe slack variable of respectively each investment item and output item, works as θk
=1, andWhen, then DMUkIt is efficient for other opposite DMU on the leading surface of efficiency.
Further, the taxi Performance Evaluation Methods of the invention based on data envelope analysis, can also have such spy
Sign: where λjDMU corresponding to ≠ 0, constitutes DMUkReference set, be calculate DMUkEfficiency when references object, can
It is considered as DMUkStudy mark post, λjRepresent the weight of the reference set linear combination.
Further, the taxi Performance Evaluation Methods of the invention based on data envelope analysis, can also have such spy
Sign: after step 4, further include the steps that carrying out principal component analysis: using all investments, output index as influence performance
Index is analyzed, and obtained result is then done Ordination again.
Advantageous effect of the invention
The present invention is based on the processing of taxi operation data and analysis, Performance Evaluation Methods are established, it is objective, scientifically to going out
Enterprise, the industry of hiring a car are evaluated, and are promoted to taxi management and service level, and there is biggish theoretical value and practice to anticipate
Justice.
Further, present invention can apply to the lateral appraisements of taxi performance and longitudinal evaluation.Lateral appraisement is intended to study
Inside taxi trade, benefit across comparison between each company, specific practice is drawn again on the basis of DEA
Enter principal component analysis, performance sequence is done to each taxi enterprise.And longitudinal evaluate is intended to discuss different periods of history, different policies
Industry Evaluation of Overall Benefits under guiding or external environment influence.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the building process of taxi performance management appraisement system；
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of micro and macro evaluation level；
Fig. 3 is data processing and the flow chart that index calculates；
Fig. 4 is the evaluation schematic diagram of efficiency of operation and quality efficiency；
Fig. 5 is input and the input schematic diagram of model；
Fig. 6 is the flow chart of data envelopment and principal component analysis.
Specific embodiment
Illustrate a specific embodiment of the invention below in conjunction with attached drawing.
Building process and method such as Fig. 1 of the present invention for taxi performance management appraisement system.Wherein, analysis level point
For lateral appraisement and longitudinal evaluation, lateral appraisement is for carrying out inside taxi trade, the benefit across comparison between each company.
Longitudinal evaluation is integrally imitated by carrying out industry of the different periods of history by year under meter, difference policy guidance or external environment influence
Benefit evaluation.Evaluation procedure includes: preparation stage, calculation stages and analysis phase.Successively successively carry out evaluation index selection, data
Processing and index calculate, the foundation of evaluation model and solution, the analysis of result and summarizes.
The form of the characteristics of in view of being evaluated object and predictive analysis result, the present invention are proposed based on micro and macro
Evaluation level, as shown in Figure 2.
Lateral level: primarily directed in the same research phase, all taxi trades carry out lateral comparison, evaluation in industry
Index is microstructure layer index.Mainly investigate the enterprise that benefit is leading in industry, the enterprise of benefit rearward.It can be to the achievement of enterprise
Effect situation is ranked up.
Longitudinal level: mainly for different times, such as different year, in different seasons, month even week, industry
Overall condition comparison, evaluation index are Macro index, and part macro-indicators are the general performances of Microscopic Indexes, certainly, macroscopic view
Layer is wider to microstructure layer index Design range.Which period achievement the main level of performance for investigating different times industry entirety, judge
Effect is more preferable, by filtering out performance good period, the configuring condition of its resource can be compareed, to optimize the dispensing of resource.
Macro-level is compared to the performance of different times, if part index number does not have within selected all periods
Have and change namely index value is the same in all studied periods, then can not be included in when macro-level is evaluated and calculated
The index.That is, macro-level index is not one layer constant, but visual actual conditions carry out dynamic adjustment.
The process that data processing and index calculate as shown in figure 3, obtain GPS data from taxi, taxi operation number first
Accordingly and static GIS road net data carries out the pretreatments of data.Effective data are obtained by data prediction, are then calculated
The input-occupancy-output analysis and output index of taxi enterprise or industry within certain time, the input as evaluation model.
The output of tax services includes quantitative output: such as truck kilometer, business revenue and qualitative output: as transported speed
Degree, rate of actual loading etc. respectively evaluate both outputs with efficiency of operation and quality efficiency.Efficiency of operation model uses quantity
Property output index, and quality efficiency model use qualitative output index, as shown in Figure 4.
Taxi performance is evaluated with data envelope analysis, this is a nonparametric technique, and mode input includes taxi enterprise
The efficiency of operation of industry/industry investment and output index, the exportable taxi enterprise of model and entire industry, quality efficiency,
Overall efficiency and input and output redundancy, to instruct resource to launch, as shown in Figure 5.
After step 4, principal component analysis is re-introduced on the basis of DEA, i.e., all investments, output
Index is analyzed as the index for influencing performance, and obtained result is finally done Ordination again, also can be from transverse direction
Further industry Nei Ge taxi enterprise is done relatively.The basic step of evaluation is as shown in Figure 6.
Taxi Performance Evaluation Methods based on data envelope analysis, include the following steps:
Step 1: evaluation index selects
Step 2: data processing and index calculate
Step 3: evaluation model is established
Step 4: model solution and interpretation of result.
Four steps are specifically described below:
The selection of step 1 evaluation index:
The primary election of index is mainly needed to accomplish following two points: first is that carrying out existing index the summary of system；Second is that wanting
The defect for finding out existing index system proposes new index, while capableing of the purpose of embodiment of evaluation, and can be realized the mesh of evaluation
Mark.
By the assessment indicator system of the available system of primary election, but the index system is related to many aspects, and content is wide
It is general, and there may be repeatability between index, therefore test and perfect, guarantee reasonability and versatility need to be carried out to index system.
In consideration of it, this project will also carry out scientific test after primary election index, to the index system of primary election: i.e. monomer test and entirety
Test.
Monomer test mainly tests the feasibility and correctness of each index.It deletes and is difficult very during this
The index that accurate data can not extremely be obtained, for part i.e. it is enabled obtain but the relatively high index of expense and worthless.
Whether the calculation method, range, content that correctness mainly detects each index are correct.
Globality test is tested to the necessity, integrality and importance of the index of entire index system.It is necessary
Property refer to whether all indexs of entire index system are all to have overlapping or redundancy phenomena from the point of view of global.Integrality then refers to primary election
All indexs can system, comprehensively reflect the purpose and task of system evaluation, generally pass through qualitative point for integrality
Analysis is judged.Test of signification is to carry out importance by index of the Delphi method to primary election to appraise through discussion, finally retains important finger
Mark, deletes the method for inspection of inessential index.
Step 2: data processing and index calculate
The pre- place of data is carried out based on the GIS road net data of GPS data from taxi, taxi operation data and static state
Reason, identifies first and rejects the data of velocity anomaly, then carries out section matching to GPS data from taxi, proposes that longitude and latitude lacks
The data of mistake or return position Information abnormity, finally for speed, normal but other fields have abnormal data to be handled, just
Achievable data prediction work, obtains effective data.
Then it according to the evaluation index of selection, calculates the investment of taxi enterprise or industry within certain time and refers to
Mark and output index, provide mode input for evaluation model.Investment element i.e. relevant to production is carried out.Output, that is, production process
Or complete obtained result or the feature shown after production.
3) evaluation model is established
Tax services are one and a variety of put into are converted into the complicated production processes of a variety of outputs, and its performance by
Multifactor impact.The output of tax services is heterogeneous, mainly includes quantitative output: such as truck kilometer, business revenue and matter
Amount property output: such as travelling speed, rate of actual loading.Using taxi enterprise as decision package (DMU), commented in the performance of building taxi
When valence index system, it is considered as the heterogeneous output characteristic of tax services.In the Evaluation Model for Performance frame based on DEA model
In, if simply qualitative output is merged with quantitative output, collectively as the output of DEA model, it is likely that will appear this
The DEA model of the kind merging output problem similar to only including the evaluation result of DEA model of quantitative output.Based on above point
Analysis proposes the model framework that the efficiency of operation and quality efficiency of taxi enterprise are evaluated in building.Efficiency of operation model is adopted
With quantitative output index, and quality efficiency model uses qualitative output index.Therefore, the performance of taxi enterprise can be from
Efficiency of operation and the aspect of quality efficiency two are measured.
DEA is the efficiency rating method of the multiple decision packages gone out to more investment/fecund.Based on upper
The evaluation model frame stated is practiced according to the general management of taxi enterprise, and input-occupancy-output analysis is easier to relative to output index
In control, therefore this research is relatively suitble to use input orientation mode.Assuming that have N number of DMU, each DMUj(j=1 ..., N) make
With M investment Xij(i=1 ..., M) produces S output Yrj(r=1 ..., S), (taxi when considering that returns to scale is variable
Enterprise or industry size increase or reduce), DMUk, i.e. the efficiency value of k-th of DMU, input orientation can acquire by following formula:
ur, vi>=ε > 0, r=1 ..., S, i=1 ..., M
Above formula is converted into linear programing model below:
ur, vi>=ε > 0, r=1 ..., S, i=1 ..., M
It can be according to DMU's to be appraised in above formulaThe case where being worth analytical scale remuneration:
WhenWhen, indicate fixed returns to scale；
WhenWhen, indicate decreasing returns to scale；
WhenWhen, indicate increasing returns to scale.
In formula, ur, viThe weight of respectively r-th of output item and i-th of investment item；N is the number of DMU to be appraised, and M is to throw
Enter the number of item, S is the number of output item；ε is a very small positive number, and setting up in practical application is 10-4Or 10-6。
4) model solution and interpretation of result
Will investment, output index input model, obtain taxi enterprise/industry efficiency of operation value, quality efficiency value, comprehensive
Close efficiency value, input and output redundancy.Specific practice is that above equation is converted into dual problem below, is convenient for model solution:
According in above formulaThe case where being worth analytical scale remuneration:
WhenWhen, indicate fixed returns to scale；
WhenWhen, indicate decreasing returns to scale；
WhenWhen, indicate increasing returns to scale.
In formula, θkFor DMUkRelative efficiency；WithThe slack variable of respectively each investment item and output item, works as θk
=1, andWhen, then DMUkIt is efficient for other opposite DMU on the leading surface of efficiency.This
Outside, λjDMU corresponding to ≠ 0, constitutes DMUkReference set, be calculate DMUkEfficiency when references object, can be considered
DMUkStudy mark post, λjRepresent the weight of the reference set linear combination.
By above-mentioned evaluation method, taxi fortune pipe portion door can know the efficiency of operation and quality efficiency of taxi enterprise
The management performance information of two aspects, so as to correspondingly formulate rewards and punishments respectively in terms of efficiency of operation and quality efficiency two
Rule avoids it from pursuing high efficiency of operation only unilaterally to motivate taxi enterprise while improve efficiency of operation and quality efficiency
And ignore the unfavorable situation of quality efficiency raising.Also, evaluation result can instruct resource to launch.
Claims (8)
1. the taxi Performance Evaluation Methods based on data envelope analysis characterized by comprising
Step 1: evaluation index selects；
Step 2: data processing and index calculate；
Step 3: evaluation model is established；
Step 4: model solution and interpretation of result.
2. the taxi Performance Evaluation Methods based on data envelope analysis as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:
In step 1, after primary election index, scientific test is carried out to the index system of primary election: being surveyed including monomer test and entirety
It tests.
3. the taxi based on data envelope analysis method imitates evaluation method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:
In step 2, the GIS road net data based on GPS data from taxi, taxi operation data and static state carries out data
Pretreatment, identifies first and rejects the data of velocity anomaly, then carries out section matching to GPS data from taxi, proposes longitude and latitude
The data of degree missing or return position Information abnormity, finally for speed, normal but other fields have at abnormal data
Reason can complete data prediction work, obtain effective data.
4. the taxi based on data envelope analysis method imitates evaluation method as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that in step 2
Further include following steps:
GPS data from taxi and taxi operation data are obtained, effective data are obtained by data prediction, are then calculated
It hires a car the input-occupancy-output analysis and output index of enterprise or industry within certain time, the input as evaluation model.
5. the taxi Performance Evaluation Methods based on data envelope analysis as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:
In step 3, the evaluation model of foundation is as follows:
When returns to scale can be changed, DMUkThe efficiency value of input orientation can be acquired by following formula
Above formula is converted into linear programing model below:
It can be according to DMU's to be appraised in above formulaThe case where being worth analytical scale remuneration:
WhenWhen, indicate fixed returns to scale；
WhenWhen, indicate decreasing returns to scale；
WhenWhen, indicate increasing returns to scale.
In formula, ur,viThe weight of respectively r-th of output item and i-th of investment item；N is the number of DMU to be appraised, and M is investment item
Number, S be output item number；ε is a very small positive number, and setting up in practical application is 10-4Or 10-6；
Step 4, model solution and interpretation of result.
6. the taxi Performance Evaluation Methods based on data envelope analysis as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that:
Wherein, in step 4, by investment, output index input model, taxi enterprise/industry efficiency of operation value, matter are obtained
Amount efficiency value, overall efficiency value, input and output redundancy；
Formula in step 3 is converted into dual problem below, solution procedure is as follows:
According in above formulaThe case where being worth analytical scale remuneration:
WhenWhen, indicate fixed returns to scale；
WhenWhen, indicate decreasing returns to scale；
WhenWhen, indicate increasing returns to scale.
In formula, θkFor DMUkRelative efficiency；WithThe slack variable of respectively each investment item and output item, works as θk=1,
AndWhen, then DMUkIt is efficient for other opposite DMU on the leading surface of efficiency.
7. the taxi based on data envelope analysis method imitates evaluation method as claimed in claim 6, it is characterised in that:
Wherein, λjDMU corresponding to ≠ 0, constitutes DMUkReference set, be calculate DMUkEfficiency when references object, can
It is considered as DMUkStudy mark post, λjRepresent the weight of the reference set linear combination.
8. the taxi based on data envelope analysis method imitates evaluation method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:
After step 4, further include the steps that carrying out principal component analysis: using all investments, output index as influence performance
Index is analyzed, and obtained result is then done Ordination again.
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| CN103268518A (en) * | 2013-05-22 | 2013-08-28 | 南京财经大学 | Investment-based type urban public transport performance evaluation method |
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Application publication date: 20181218 |