CN109030425A - 用于确定容纳在实验室样品容器中的实验室样品的性质的方法和设备 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及用于确定容纳在实验室样品容器中的实验室样品的性质的方法和设备。具体公开了一种用于确定容纳在实验室样品容器(2)中的实验室样品(1)的性质的方法,其中,所述方法包括如下步骤:通过使光以不同投影角度照射到所述实验室样品容器(2)来测量包括所述实验室样品(1)的所述实验室样品容器(2)的投影,并且通过基于所述投影的层析重建来确定所述性质。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及用于确定容纳在实验室样品容器中的实验室样品的性质的方法和设备。
背景技术
在实验室自动化的技术领域中,包括离心血液样品的实验室样品容器会必须要被处理。血液样品可被分离介质分离成血清和凝血(血液细胞)。如果必须产生例如血清试样(aliquot),则血清的一部分必须例如借助于移液装置被转移到另一样品容器。如果血清中存在例如外来物质形式的杂质,则移液装置会不能适当地起作用,这是因为杂质会阻挡或闭塞移液装置的开口。
EP 2 770 318 A1公开了一种用于检测在血清中的凝块(clot)的方法,血清被包括在实验室样品容器中。
通常,包括与样品有关的信息的标签被放置在实验室样品容器上。这些标签使得光学检测实验室样品的性质的过程复杂化。
发明内容
本发明的目标是提供用于确定容纳在实验室样品容器中的实验室样品的性质的方法和设备,从而即使标签被放置在实验室样品容器上,仍在确定性质时提供可靠结果。
这个目标是通过根据权利要求1的方法和根据权利要求12的设备来实现的。
用于确定容纳在实验室样品容器中的实验室样品的性质的方法是基于包括层析重建的层析测量过程。关于包括层析重建的层析测量过程的基本原理,可参考相关技术文献,例如https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomographic_reconstruction。
所述方法包括如下步骤:通过使光以不同投影角度照射到实验室样品容器来测量包括实验室样品的实验室样品容器的投影。物品(在此是包括实验室样品的实验室样品容器形式的物品)的投影(projection)由处于给定投影角度时的层析测量过程而得到。投影通常由一组线积分(line integral)构成。投影可以由向量表示,其中,向量的元素由线积分形成,例如以二进制表示法。
照射到实验室样品容器的光的强度被选择成使得:即使标签被放置在实验室样品容器上,仍有足够量的光穿过实验室样品容器。光的波长可例如被选择成处于可见或者红外线波长范围。
所述方法还包括如下步骤:通过基于投影的层析重建来确定性质。所述性质可例如被具体实现为实验室样品容器的和实验室样品的截面图像。所述图像可例如通过离散像素形成。
由于本发明的创造性的方法,即使标签被放置在实验室样品容器上,也可以可靠地确定样品的性质。另外,可获得实验室样品的截面图像,从而使得可以检测在实验室样品中的杂质。
上述方法步骤可针对若干不同的竖直位置而重复,以便获得在所述不同竖直位置处的实验室样品容器的和实验室样品的若干截面图像。
根据实施例,测量投影的步骤包括如下步骤:将光照射到实验室样品容器,使得光穿过实验室样品容器和实验室样品,以及测量离开实验室样品容器的光的强度,其中,离开实验室样品容器的光是基于照射的光。
根据实施例,光以处于相应投影角度的平行光射线或光束的形式照射到实验室样品容器。平行光射线或光束可位于与实验室样品容器的轴线垂直的水平投影平面中。因此,可在该投影平面中测量离开实验室样品容器的光。
根据实施例,在不同投影角度下作出的投影形成正弦图。也可参考目前相关的技术文献。
根据实施例,层析重建是基于拉东变换、和/或傅里叶-域重建算法(Fourier-Domain Reconstruction Algorithm)、和/或滤波反投影算法(Filtered Back ProjectionAlgorithm)、和/或扇束重建(Fan-Beam Reconstruction)、和/或螺旋计算机断层扫描(spital computed tomography)。可参考目前相关的技术文献。
根据实施例,实验室样品的性质是实验室样品的根据在实验室样品容器内的位置或方位的光衰减系数。
根据实施例,实验室样品是离心血液样品,所述血液样品被分离成血清和至少一种其他组分。所述至少一种其他组分可例如被具体实现为凝血(血液细胞)、分离介质(凝胶(gel))或者空气。
根据实施例,可基于所确定的性质来检测血清中的外来物质。外来物质可例如被实现为通常由无纤维原血纤维(afibrinogenaemia fiber)、凝结物、脂肪/蛋白质凝集等构成的凝块。
根据实施例,可基于所确定的性质来确定附接到实验室样品容器的标签的性质。如果标签被放置在实验室样品容器上,标签的性质可以例如是被放置在实验室样品容器上的标签的范围、标签的厚度和/或标签的层数。
根据实施例,基于所确定的性质来分类实验室样品。可以被指定到例如血浆样品形式的实验室样品的典型分类例如是脂血类、溶血类、黄疸类和良好类(good class)。“良好”类包含不被指定到脂血、溶血或黄疸类的那些样品。当样品将被指定到脂血类时,其是具有升高的水平的脂质的脂血样品。这可例如指示脂肪代谢紊乱。当样品将被指定到溶血类时,其是具有升高水平的血红蛋白的溶血样品。这可例如指示具体的贫血、输血反应或疟疾。当血浆样品要被指定到黄疸类时,其是具有升高水平的胆红素的黄疸样品。这可例如指示肝脏疾病。
用于确定容纳在实验室样品容器中的实验室样品的性质的设备适于执行上述方法。
根据实施例,基于所确定的性质来确定包括在实验室样品容器中的实验室样品的液面。
根据实施例,基于所确定的性质来执行粗略细胞分析。
例如形成实验室诊断装置的设备包括光源,所述光源用于将光照射到实验室样品容器,使得光穿过实验室样品容器和实验室样品。光源可例如被具体实现为一定数量的(例如10至100个)线性布置的激光二极管,其照射出处于相应投影角度的平行射线形式的光。激光二极管可被线性布置在与实验室样品容器的轴线垂直的水平投影平面中。
所述设备还包括光检测器以用于测量基于照射的光且离开实验室样品容器的光的强度。光检测器可例如被具体实现为一定数量的(例如10至100个)线性布置的光电检测器。光电检测器可被线性布置在与激光二极管水平间隔的水平投影平面中,使得样品容器可以被放置在激光二极管和光电检测器之间。
所述设备还包括旋转驱动器以用于使光源与光检测器一起相对于样品容器旋转以便导致不同的投影角度。
所述设备还包括数字处理器以用于通过基于投影的层析重建来确定性质。
附图说明
现在将关于附图具体地描述本发明,在附图中:
图1以透视图示意性示出用于确定容纳在实验室样品容器中的实验室样品的性质的设备,并且
图2以两种不同的投影角度以俯视图示意性示出图1的设备。
具体实施方式
图1示意性示出用于确定容纳在实验室样品容器2中的实验室样品1的性质的设备10。实验室样品1的性质是在投影平面中的实验室样品1的光衰减系数。
实验室样品1是离心血液样品。血液样品1被分离成凝血4、血清3和空气5。血液样品1包含在血清3中的凝块形式的外来物质6。进一步地,包括与样品有关的信息的标签7被附接到实验室样品容器2。
设备10包括数量为n个的激光二极管11a构成的线性阵列形式的光源11,其用于使光照射到实验室样品容器2,使得光以平行射线R1至Rn的形式穿过实验室样品容器2和实验室样品1。
设备10还包括光检测器12以用于通过测量离开实验室样品容器2且基于照射的光的光的强度来确定投影从而形成正弦图。光检测器12由n个例如光电二极管形式的光电检测器12a构成的线性阵列形成。
激光二极管11a的数量n和光电检测器12a的数量n可例如分别位于在4和100之间的范围内。
激光二极管11a和光电检测器12a在共同的投影平面中彼此相对放置。样品容器2放置在激光二极管11a和光电检测器12a之间。投影平面垂直于样品容器2的轴线。
设备10还包括旋转驱动器13以用于使光源11和光检测器12相对于样品容器2旋转以便实现不同的投影角度α1和α2,见图2。
设备10还包括处理器14以用于通过基于投影(projection)P1和P2的层析重建来确定性质。
现在也参考图2,设备10如下操作。
借助于激光二极管11a,平行光束或射线R1至Rn形式的光以第一投影角度α1照射到实验室样品容器2,使得光穿过实验室样品容器2和实验室样品1。借助于光电检测器12a,测量基于照射的光且离开实验室样品容器2的光的强度。投影P1通过光电检测器12a的不同测量值来形成。
如果产生投影P1,则旋转驱动器13使光源11和光检测器12相对于样品容器2旋转以便实现投影角度α2并且上述步骤重复以产生投影P2。
不言而喻地,通常使用比处于相应投影角度α1和α2的两个示例性示出的投影P1和P2更多的投影来确定性质。例如,可使用覆盖180度角的角度范围的数量为15至180个的投影来确定性质。
如果投影被确定,则处理器14通过基于投影P1和P2的层析重建来确定性质。层析重建可以是基于拉东变换和/或傅里叶-域重建算法、和/或滤波反投影算法、和/或迭代重建算法、和/或扇束重建、和/或螺旋计算机断层扫描。
然后上述步骤针对不同竖直水平位(level)被重复,例如覆盖血清3的完整竖直范围。
借助于本发明创造性的设备和方法,评估了实验室样品1在投影平面中的性质,所述性质是实验室样品1的光衰减系数的形式。所述性质可以以数字图像的形式被呈现,数字图像由代表投影平面中的对应光衰减系数的像素组成。因此,即使标签7放置在实验室样品容器2上,也可针对所有测量竖直水平位确定凝块6在投影平面中的程度。
像素分辨率通常取决于激光二极管11a和光电检测器12a的数量n。
另外,实验室样品1可基于光衰减系数被分类,因为例如针对脂血(lipemic)、溶血类(hemolytic class)、黄疸样品,光衰减系数是特定的。
Claims (12)
1.一种用于确定容纳在实验室样品容器(2)中的实验室样品(1)的性质的方法,其中,所述方法包括如下步骤:
- 通过使光以不同投影角度(α1,α2)照射到所述实验室样品容器(2)来测量包括所述实验室样品(1)的所述实验室样品容器(2)的投影(P1,P2),并且
- 通过基于所述投影(P1,P2)的层析重建来确定所述性质。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于
- 测量所述投影(P1,P2)的步骤包括如下步骤:
-使光照射到所述实验室样品容器(2),使得所述光穿过所述实验室样品容器(2)和所述实验室样品(1),以及
- 测量基于照射的光且离开所述实验室样品容器(2)的光的强度。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于
- 光以处于相应投影角度(α1,α2)的平行射线(R1至Rn)的形式照射到所述实验室样品容器(2)。
4.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的方法,其特征在于
- 所述投影(P1,P2)形成正弦图。
5.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的方法,其特征在于
- 所述层析重建是基于拉东变换、和/或傅里叶-域重建算法、和/或滤波反投影算法、和/或迭代重建算法、和/或扇束重建、和/或螺旋计算机断层扫描。
6.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的方法,其特征在于
- 所述实验室样品(1)的性质是所述实验室样品(1)的根据在所述实验室样品容器(2)内的位置的光衰减系数。
7.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的方法,其特征在于
- 所述实验室样品(1)是离心血液样品,所述血液样品被分离成血清(3)和至少一种其他组分(4,5)。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其特征在于如下步骤
- 基于所确定的性质来检测所述血清(3)中的外来物质(6)。
9.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的方法,其特征在于如下步骤
- 基于所确定的性质来确定附接到所述实验室样品容器(2)的标签(7)的性质。
10.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的方法,其特征在于
- 所述实验室样品(1)基于所确定的性质被分类。
11.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的方法,其特征在于
- 基于所确定的性质来确定包括在所述实验室样品容器(2)中的所述实验室样品(1)的液面。
12.一种用于确定容纳在实验室样品容器(2)中的实验室样品(1)的性质的设备(10),其中,所述设备(10)适于执行前述权利要求中的任一项所述的方法,所述设备(10)包括:
- 光源(11),所述光源(11)用于使光照射到所述实验室样品容器(2),使得所述光穿过所述实验室样品容器(2)和所述实验室样品(1),
- 光检测器(12),所述光检测器(12)用于通过测量基于照射的光且离开所述实验室样品容器(2)的光的强度来确定投影(P1,P2),
- 旋转驱动器(13),所述旋转驱动器(13)用于使所述光源(11)和所述光检测器(12)相对于所述样品容器(2)旋转以便实现不同的投影角度(α1,α2),以及
- 处理器(14),所述处理器(14)用于通过基于所述投影(P1,P2)的层析重建来确定所述性质。
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