CN109029780B - A non-invasive winding temperature measurement method for oil-immersed air-cooled cake winding transformers - Google Patents
A non-invasive winding temperature measurement method for oil-immersed air-cooled cake winding transformers Download PDFInfo
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- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 181
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 235000012771 pancakes Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical group [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention relates to a non-invasive winding temperature measurement method of an oil-immersed air-cooled pancake winding transformer, which is characterized in that a pancake winding temperature measurement and control device of the oil-immersed air-cooled transformer is connected with an oil surface thermometer, a current transformer, an environment thermometer and an air-cooled controller which are arranged on the oil-immersed air-cooled pancake winding transformer, corresponding data are collected in real time, and meanwhile, structural parameters, winding types and structural size parameters of the transformer are input; establishing a heat balance equation between a winding of the oil-immersed air-cooled pancake winding transformer and transformer oil; and calculating the winding temperature of the oil-immersed air-cooled cake type winding transformer. According to the characteristics of the oil-immersed air-cooled pancake winding transformer, various influence factors such as the surface oil temperature of the transformer, the winding current, the structural form of the transformer, the structure and the size of the pancake winding, the cooling mode, the operation condition of a cooling fan and the like are fully considered, so that the winding temperature of the transformer under various working conditions is more accurately measured, and operation and maintenance personnel of the transformer can timely master the operation state of the transformer.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of transformers, and particularly relates to a non-invasive winding temperature measurement method for an oil-immersed air-cooled pancake winding transformer.
Background
The transformer operation temperature plays an important role in judging the transformer operation state and the insulation aging degree, and is an index which needs to be closely concerned in transformer operation and maintenance. Because the oil-immersed air-cooled pancake winding transformer winding is wrapped in the oil paper insulation system, the temperature of the oil-immersed air-cooled pancake winding transformer winding is difficult to measure by a common thermometer. At present, two common transformer winding temperature measuring devices are provided, one is that a temperature measuring device such as a fiber grating is arranged in a transformer to directly measure the temperature of a winding part, and the measurement is accurate in the mode, but the structure is complex, so that the insulation and sealing performance of the transformer is influenced; the other method is to indirectly measure the temperature of the winding by a thermal simulation method, and calculate the temperature of the winding part by measuring the oil temperature on the surface layer of the transformer and the current of the winding.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a non-invasive winding temperature measuring method of an oil-immersed air-cooled pancake winding transformer, which is reasonable in design, high in precision and convenient to use.
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
a non-invasive winding temperature measurement method for an oil-immersed air-cooled pancake winding transformer comprises the following steps:
and 3, calculating the winding temperature of the oil-immersed air-cooled pancake winding transformer by adopting the following formula:
θw＝θO+Δθα+Δθβ
in the formula, thetawRepresenting the winding temperature, thetaOIndicating the superficial oil temperature, Δ θαRepresents the average temperature rise, Delta theta, of the coil to the inner layer oilβRepresents the average temperature rise of the inner oil to the surface oil; wherein:
the delta thetaαThe calculation method comprises the following steps:
Δθα＝Δθa+Δθb
in the formula,. DELTA.theta.aRepresents the estimated value of average temperature rise of inner layer oil by winding, delta thetabA correction value representing the temperature rise of the inner layer oil by the winding insulation;
the delta thetaaThe calculation method comprises the following steps:
Δθa＝0.159q0.7
wherein q represents a winding unit area heat load;
the delta thetabThe calculation method comprises the following steps:
Δθb＝K5q
in the formula, K5Correction factor of winding insulation to oil temperature rise;
the delta thetaβThe calculation method comprises the following steps:
Δθβ＝0.229p0.8+(θA-θO)0.6
wherein p is the heat per unit area of the effective heat dissipation area of the transformer oil tankLoad, θAThe outside air temperature;
in the formula, P0And PkNo-load loss and load loss of the transformer, S1、S2And S3The effective heat dissipation area of the top cover of the oil tank, the effective heat dissipation area of the tank wall and the effective heat dissipation area of the finned radiator are respectively set; k6Is a factor associated with the cooler fan,
in the above formula, n is the total number of the fans, n1The number of the fans which are currently operated.
The step 3 is followed by the following steps: and 3, the cake-type winding temperature measuring and controlling device of the oil-immersed air-cooled transformer locally displays the winding temperature through a gauge outfit or remotely displays the winding temperature through a remote display device according to the calculation result in the step 3.
The cake-type winding temperature measuring and controlling device of the oil-immersed air-cooled transformer comprises a piezoelectric signal processor, a CT secondary current transmitter, a winding temperature calculating module and a winding temperature control module, wherein the input end of the piezoelectric signal processor is connected with an oil surface thermometer and an environment thermometer to receive the oil temperature of the top layer of the transformer and the outside air temperature from the environment thermometer in a terminal box, and the CT secondary current transmitter is connected with a current transformer to receive the winding current from a bushing of the transformer; the output ends of the piezoelectric signal processor and the CT secondary current transmitter are connected with a winding temperature calculation module, the winding temperature calculation module is also connected with an air cooling controller to receive fan operation data of the air cooling controller, and the winding temperature calculation module also receives transformer structure parameters, winding types and structure size parameters to calculate the winding temperature; the output end of the winding temperature calculation module is connected with the winding temperature control module, the winding temperature control module is connected with the gauge head, the remote display device and the transformer protection device, the winding temperature is displayed on site and remotely through the gauge head and the remote display device, and meanwhile different signals are sent to the transformer protection device when the winding temperature reaches alarm values of different levels.
The heat balance equation established in the step 2 is as follows:
m1c1Δθ1+(Δθ1-Δθ2)A1k1dt＝P1dt
m2c2Δθ2+Δθ2A2k2dt＝(Δθ1-Δθ2)A1k1dt
in the above formula, subscripts 1 and 2 represent the winding and transformer oil, respectively, m represents weight, c represents specific heat capacity, k represents total heat transfer coefficient, Δ θ represents temperature rise, dt represents time differential, a represents convective surface area, and P represents power loss.
The method for calculating the heat load q of the winding in unit area comprises the following steps:
wherein, K1Is a wire cake temperature coefficient, at 85 deg.C, copper wire K122.1, aluminum wire K1＝36.8
K2For the correction factor of the insulation of the turns,
i is the current passing through the wire cake, gamma is the current density in the wire cake, N is the number of turns of the wire cake, K is3Is the covering factor of the wire or wires,
k4is the percentage of additional loss in the wire, L is the circumference of the outer surface of the cake,
L＝2(na1+b1)
in the above formula, a1Thickness of the insulated wire for the pancake winding, b1The width of a cake-type winding with insulated wires is provided, and n is the number of parallel wires in a wire cake;
correction coefficient K of winding insulation to oil temperature rise5The calculation method comprises the following steps:
K5＝30.257(a1-a+2c)-12.855。。
the invention has the advantages and effects that:
aiming at the characteristics of the oil-immersed air-cooled pancake winding transformer, the invention also considers the structural form, the structure and the size of the pancake winding, the cooling mode and the operation condition of a cooling fan on the basis of the existing measurement of the surface oil temperature and the winding current of the transformer, establishes a new winding temperature calculation method, ensures that the measurement of the winding temperature of the transformer under various working conditions is more accurate, and various overtemperature alarm and trip signals sent based on the winding temperature are more timely and reliable, thereby being beneficial to operation and maintenance personnel of the transformer to timely master the operation state of the transformer and establishing a foundation for the accurate evaluation and the evaluation of the insulation aging of the transformer.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a transformer winding temperature measurement system used in the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an electric control schematic diagram of a pie winding temperature measuring and controlling device of the oil immersed air-cooled transformer;
fig. 3 is a winding schematic diagram of an oil-immersed air-cooled pancake winding transformer.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
a non-invasive winding temperature measurement method of an oil-immersed air-cooled pancake winding transformer is realized on a winding temperature measurement system shown in figure 1, and a transformer lifting seat 3, a transformer bushing 1, a terminal box 9, an air-cooled control box 8, a radiating fin 6, a fan 7 and a thermometer oil cup 5 are installed on the oil-immersed air-cooled pancake winding transformer. The terminal box and the air cooling control box are installed on the side wall of the transformer, the cake-type winding temperature measuring and controlling device and the environment thermometer of the oil-immersed air cooling transformer are installed in the terminal box, the gauge head 10 is installed on the surface of the terminal box, and the air cooling controller is installed in the air cooling control box. The thermometer oil cup is arranged at the top cover of the transformer, an oil surface thermometer 4 is arranged in the thermometer oil cup, and a current transformer 2 is arranged on a bushing of the transformer. The cake winding temperature measuring and controlling device of the oil-immersed air-cooled transformer is a core part of a winding temperature measuring system, and is connected with a current transformer, an oil surface thermometer, an air-cooled controller, a gauge outfit and a remote display device 11, wherein the gauge outfit is used for local display, and the remote display device is installed in a main control room of a transformer substation or integrated in a background monitoring device and is used for remote display.
As shown in fig. 2, the pie winding temperature measurement and control device of the oil-immersed air-cooled transformer comprises a piezoelectric signal processor, a CT secondary current transmitter, a winding temperature calculation module and a winding temperature control module, wherein the input end of the piezoelectric signal processor is connected with an oil surface thermometer and an environment thermometer to receive the top oil temperature of the transformer from the oil surface thermometer and the outside air temperature from the environment thermometer in a terminal box, and the CT secondary current transmitter is connected with a current transformer to receive the winding current from a bushing of the transformer; the output ends of the piezoelectric signal processor and the CT secondary current transmitter are connected with a winding temperature calculation module, the winding temperature calculation module is also connected with an air cooling controller to receive fan operation data of the air cooling controller, and the winding temperature calculation module also receives parameters such as transformer structure parameters, winding types and structure sizes to calculate the winding temperature. The output end of the winding temperature calculation module is connected with the winding temperature control module, the winding temperature control module is connected with the gauge head, the remote display device and the transformer protection device, the winding temperature is displayed on site and remotely through the gauge head and the remote display device, and meanwhile different signals are sent to the transformer protection device when the winding temperature reaches alarm values of different levels.
The signal collection and on-site display of the oil surface thermometer shown in fig. 2 are only one of the ways, the connection mode is suitable for the oil surface thermometer bulb to adopt a capillary tube form, and the on-site display meter head adopts a digital display mode. Other methods can also be adopted
(1) The oil surface thermometer bulb adopts a platinum resistor form, the local display meter head adopts a digital display mode, and the oil surface thermometer is directly connected with the cake-type winding temperature measuring and controlling device of the oil immersed air-cooled transformer without passing through a piezoelectric transmitter;
(2) the oil surface thermometer bulb adopts a capillary tube form, the local display gauge head adopts a mechanical pointer mode, at the moment, the oil surface thermometer divides two paths of signals, one path of signals enters the cake-type winding temperature measuring and controlling device of the oil-immersed air-cooled transformer through the piezoelectric transmitter, and the other path of signals is connected with the gauge head which does not receive the output signals of the cake-type winding temperature measuring and controlling device of the oil-immersed air-cooled transformer any more.
Based on the winding temperature measurement system, the temperature measurement method comprises the following steps:
And 2, establishing a thermal balance equation between the winding of the oil-immersed air-cooled pancake winding transformer and transformer oil.
The temperature rise and heat dissipation of the transformer are a dynamic stable system, and the system comprises three main substances of a winding, an iron core and transformer oil, other insulating materials such as paperboards and the like, a transformer shell and external air. In the system, an iron core and a winding are both heat sources and respectively consist of no-load loss and load loss of a transformer. There is insulation between the core and the windings and the heat exchange between them is neglected here, only the winding-transformer oil heat cycle system is considered. Heat is transferred between the hottest point of the winding and the outside of the winding through heat conduction; transferring heat between the windings and the transformer oil by convection; heat is transferred between the inner layer oil and the surface layer oil by convection. The heat balance equation between the winding and the transformer oil is:
m1c1Δθ1+(Δθ1-Δθ2)A1k1dt＝P1dt
m2c2Δθ2+Δθ2A2k2dt＝(Δθ1-Δθ2)A1k1dt
in the above thermal equilibrium equation, subscripts 1 and 2 denote the winding and transformer oil, respectively. m represents weight, c represents specific heat capacity, k represents total heat transfer coefficient, Δ θ represents temperature rise, dt represents time differential, a represents convective surface area, and P represents power loss.
In the cake-type winding transformer, both a vertical oil passage and a horizontal oil passage are provided, so that the heat transfer coefficient k is related to the flowing condition of oil flow, namely the height (width) of the oil passage, the radial dimension of a winding, the heat load per unit area, the heat dissipation form and the outside air temperature; the power loss P is dominated by copper losses and is therefore related to the winding current.
And 3, calculating the winding temperature of the oil-immersed air-cooled pancake winding transformer by adopting the following formula:
θw＝θO+Δθα+Δθβ
in the formula, thetawRepresenting the winding temperature, thetaOIndicating the superficial oil temperature, Δ θαRepresents the average temperature rise, Delta theta, of the coil to the inner layer oilβThe average temperature rise of the inner oil to the surface oil is shown.
(1) Average temperature rise delta theta of winding to inner layer oilαThe calculation method comprises the following steps:
Δθα＝Δθa+Δθb
in the formula,. DELTA.theta.aRepresents the estimated value of average temperature rise of inner layer oil by winding, delta thetabA corrected value representing the temperature rise of the winding insulation to the inner layer oil.
winding to estimate the average temperature rise delta theta of inner layer oilaThe calculation method comprises the following steps:
for an oil-immersed air-cooled pancake winding transformer:
Δθa＝0.159q0.7
wherein q represents the winding area heat load, calculated as:
wherein, K1As temperature coefficient of wire cakeAt 85 ℃ copper wire K122.1, aluminum wire K1＝36.8
K2For the correction factor of the insulation of the turns,
i is the current passing through the wire cake
Gamma is the current density in the line cake
N is the number of turns of the wire cake
K3Is the covering factor of the wire or wires,
k4as a percentage of additional loss in the wire;
l is the perimeter of the outer surface of the spool, L is 2 (na)1+b1)
a1And b1Is a cake winding size parameter. A cross-sectional view of the pancake winding is shown in fig. 3. In the figure, a is the thickness of the winding bare conductor, a1For winding with thickness of insulated wire, b1The width of the insulated wire of the winding is shown, c is the additional insulation thickness, A is the width of the wire cake, and n is the number of the parallel wires in the wire cake.
corrected value delta theta of temperature rise of inner layer oil by winding insulationbIs calculated by
Δθb＝K5q
K5Correction factor for the oil temperature rise for the winding insulation, K5＝30.257(a1-a+2c)-12.855
(2) Average temperature rise delta theta of inner layer oil to surface layer oilβAnd (3) calculating:
for oil-immersed air-cooled transformers:
Δθβ＝0.229p0.8+(θA-θO)0.6
wherein p is the heat load per unit area of the effective heat dissipation area of the transformer oil tank, thetaAFor outside air temperature
In the formula P0And PkNo-load loss and load loss of the transformer, S1、S2And S3The effective heat dissipation area of the top cover of the oil tank, the effective heat dissipation area of the wall of the tank and the effective heat dissipation area of the finned radiator are respectively.
K6Is a factor associated with the cooler fan,
wherein n is the total number of the fans and n1The number of the fans which are currently operated.
And 4, locally displaying the winding temperature through a gauge head or remotely displaying the winding temperature through a remote display device according to the calculation result by the cake winding temperature measuring and controlling device of the oil-immersed air-cooled transformer.
It should be emphasized that the embodiments described herein are illustrative rather than restrictive, and thus the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described in the detailed description, but other embodiments derived from the technical solutions of the present invention by those skilled in the art are also within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A non-invasive winding temperature measurement method for an oil-immersed air-cooled pancake winding transformer is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, connecting an oil immersed air-cooled transformer cake type winding temperature measuring and controlling device with an oil surface thermometer, a current transformer, an environmental thermometer and an air-cooled controller which are arranged on the oil immersed air-cooled cake type winding transformer, collecting corresponding data in real time, and inputting structural parameters, winding types and structural size parameters of the transformer;
step 2, establishing a thermal balance equation between the winding of the oil-immersed air-cooled pancake winding transformer and transformer oil;
and 3, calculating the winding temperature of the oil-immersed air-cooled pancake winding transformer by adopting the following formula:
θw＝θO+Δθα+Δθβ
in the formula, thetawRepresenting the winding temperature, thetaOIndicating the superficial oil temperature, Δ θαRepresents the average temperature rise, Delta theta, of the coil to the inner layer oilβRepresents the average temperature rise of the inner oil to the surface oil; wherein:
the delta thetaαThe calculation method comprises the following steps:
Δθα＝Δθa+Δθb
in the formula,. DELTA.theta.aRepresents the estimated value of average temperature rise of inner layer oil by winding, delta thetabA correction value representing the temperature rise of the inner layer oil by the winding insulation;
the delta thetaaThe calculation method comprises the following steps:
Δθa＝0.159q0.7
wherein q represents a winding unit area heat load;
the delta thetabThe calculation method comprises the following steps:
Δθb＝K5q
in the formula, K5Correction factor of winding insulation to oil temperature rise;
the delta thetaβThe calculation method comprises the following steps:
Δθβ＝0.229p0.8+(θA-θO)0.6
wherein p is the heat load per unit area of the effective heat dissipation area of the transformer tank, and thetaAThe outside air temperature;
in the formula, P0And PkNo-load loss and load loss of the transformer, S1、S2And S3The effective heat dissipation area of the top cover of the oil tank, the effective heat dissipation area of the tank wall and the effective heat dissipation area of the finned radiator are respectively set; k6Is a factor associated with the cooler fan,
in the above formula, n is the total number of the fans, n1The number of the fans which are currently operated.
2. The non-invasive winding temperature measurement method of the oil-immersed air-cooled pancake winding transformer according to claim 1, characterized in that: the step 3 is followed by the following steps: and 3, the cake-type winding temperature measuring and controlling device of the oil-immersed air-cooled transformer locally displays the winding temperature through a gauge outfit or remotely displays the winding temperature through a remote display device according to the calculation result in the step 3.
3. The non-invasive winding temperature measurement method of the oil-immersed air-cooled pancake winding transformer according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the cake-type winding temperature measuring and controlling device of the oil-immersed air-cooled transformer comprises a piezoelectric signal processor, a CT secondary current transmitter, a winding temperature calculating module and a winding temperature control module, wherein the input end of the piezoelectric signal processor is connected with an oil surface thermometer and an environment thermometer to receive the oil temperature of the top layer of the transformer and the outside air temperature from the environment thermometer in a terminal box, and the CT secondary current transmitter is connected with a current transformer to receive the winding current from a bushing of the transformer; the output ends of the piezoelectric signal processor and the CT secondary current transmitter are connected with a winding temperature calculation module, the winding temperature calculation module is also connected with an air cooling controller to receive fan operation data of the air cooling controller, and the winding temperature calculation module also receives transformer structure parameters, winding types and structure size parameters to calculate the winding temperature; the output end of the winding temperature calculation module is connected with the winding temperature control module, the winding temperature control module is connected with the gauge head, the remote display device and the transformer protection device, the winding temperature is displayed on site and remotely through the gauge head and the remote display device, and meanwhile different signals are sent to the transformer protection device when the winding temperature reaches alarm values of different levels.
4. The non-invasive winding temperature measurement method of the oil-immersed air-cooled pancake winding transformer according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the heat balance equation established in the step 2 is as follows:
m1c1Δθ1+(Δθ1-Δθ2)A1k1dt＝P1dt
m2c2Δθ2+Δθ2A2k2dt＝(Δθ1-Δθ2)A1k1dt
in the above formula, subscripts 1 and 2 represent the winding and transformer oil, respectively, m represents weight, c represents specific heat capacity, k represents total heat transfer coefficient, Δ θ represents temperature rise, dt represents time differential, a represents convective surface area, and P represents power loss.
5. The non-invasive winding temperature measurement method of the oil-immersed air-cooled pancake winding transformer according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the method for calculating the heat load q of the winding in unit area comprises the following steps:
wherein, K1Is a wire cake temperature coefficient, at 85 deg.C, copper wire K122.1, aluminum wire K1＝36.8
K2For the correction factor of the insulation of the turns,
a is the thickness of the bare winding conductor, I is the current passing through the wire cake, gamma is the current density in the wire cake, N is the number of turns of the wire cake, K is the number of turns of the wire cake3Is the covering factor of the wire or wires,
K4is the percentage of additional loss in the wire, L is the circumference of the outer surface of the cake,
L＝2(na1+b1)
in the above formula, a1Thickness of the insulated wire for the pancake winding, b1The width of a cake-type winding with insulated wires is provided, and n is the number of parallel wires in a wire cake;
correction coefficient K of winding insulation to oil temperature rise5The calculation method comprises the following steps:
K5＝30.257(a1-a+2c)-12.855
and c is the additional insulation thickness.
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