CN109029034A - A kind of driving heat pipe circulation heat exchanger certainly - Google Patents
A kind of driving heat pipe circulation heat exchanger certainly Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN109029034A CN109029034A CN201810763873.6A CN201810763873A CN109029034A CN 109029034 A CN109029034 A CN 109029034A CN 201810763873 A CN201810763873 A CN 201810763873A CN 109029034 A CN109029034 A CN 109029034A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- heat pipe
- driving
- liquid
- flue
- evaporator
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
- F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
- F28D15/0266—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes with separate evaporating and condensing chambers connected by at least one conduit; Loop-type heat pipes; with multiple or common evaporating or condensing chambers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
- F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
- F28D2015/0291—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes comprising internal rotor means, e.g. turbine driven by the working fluid
Abstract
It is related to thermal energy transmission field from driving heat pipe circulation heat exchanger the invention discloses a kind of, the limitation of gravity circulation can be broken through, it is automatic that the working medium between condenser and evaporator is driven to be recycled.The present invention includes: evaporator, flue, condenser and liquid line, driving wheel, shaft, driven wheel.In heat pipe On The Cycle Working Process, gaseous working medium driving driving wheel rotation, driving wheel drive driven wheel to rotate by shaft in flue, the liquid refrigerant Returning evaporimeter in driven wheel drive liquid line.The volume flow of gaseous working medium is much larger than liquid refrigerant volume flow in liquid line in flue, in the case of rotating coaxially constant power, the pressure head that liquid working substance obtains is significantly larger than the pressure head of gas working medium loss, this pressure head can overcome the flow resistance in entire flow process.Mechanical energy promotion liquid refrigerant reflux is generated by sacrificing a small amount of heat transfer temperature difference, gravity constraint is got rid of, extends heat pipe circular flow range, be not necessarily to external drive, there is adaptive performance.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to thermal energy transmission fields, more particularly to a kind of driving heat pipe circulation heat exchanger certainly.
Background technique
Gravity circulation heat pipe, also referred to as separate type heat pipe exchanger, be it is a kind of by phase-change heat transfer, gravity return liquid it is efficient
Heat transfer unit (HTU).Typical gravity circulation heat pipe includes evaporator, flue, condenser and liquid line.When work, phase-change working substance exists
By thermal evaporation in evaporator, the gaseous working medium of generation flows into condenser by flue, is condensed into liquid to the cold within the condenser
Working medium, liquid refrigerant flows back into evaporator under the effect of gravity, completes phase-change heat transfer circulation.Gravity circulation heat exchange of heat pipe with
Its heat transfer efficiency is high, isothermal is good, the advantages such as flexible for installation are empty in industrial afterheat recovery, Solar use, aerospace, HVAC
It is used widely in tune field.
Gravity circulation heat pipe returns liquid by gravity, so condenser necessarily is greater than evaporator and could work normally, but practical
Many occasions are not able to satisfy above-mentioned condition in, this significantly limits the application of gravity circulation heat pipe.Especially navigate in aviation
Its field, in the case of agravic or even anti-gravity, gravity circulation heat pipe is difficult to operate normally.
The heat pipe circulation of driven by mechanical pump can solve heat pipe under no height difference, agravic scene and be recycled back to liquid problem, but need
External impetus is wanted to drive, and the addition of mechanical pump destroys heat pipe circulation adaptive performance, it is all to system operation control strip
It is mostly difficult.Using power pressure difference from the separate type heat pipe exchanger of driving, multiple valve transfer control pressure difference intervals is needed to transport
Row, structure is complicated and cannot achieve continuous operation.
To sum up, lack a kind of heat pipe circulation heat exchanger in the prior art, can drive between condenser and evaporator automatically
Working medium continuously recycled.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of driving heat pipe circulation heat exchanger certainly, can break through the limitation of gravity circulation, drive automatically cold
Working medium between condenser and evaporator is continuously exchanged.
In order to achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
It is a kind of from driving heat pipe circulation heat exchanger, comprising: evaporator, flue, condenser and liquid line, driving wheel, shaft, from
Driving wheel.
Evaporator connects condenser with liquid line by flue, forms an enclosure space that can be recycled, and closing is empty
It is interior to be filled with phase-change working substance.
In heat pipe On The Cycle Working Process, evaporator temperature is high, and condenser temperature is relatively low, mutually exchanging work in evaporator
Qualitative change is gaseous state, since there are thermal potential difference, i.e. the corresponding saturation pressure difference of the saturation temperature difference, gaseous working medium is logical between evaporator and condenser
It crosses flue and flows to condenser.
Driving wheel is set in gas tube passage, driven wheel is set in liquid tube passage, driving wheel and driven wheel pass through shaft
It is coaxially connected.When passing through gaseous working medium in flue, gaseous working medium drives driving wheel rotation, and driving wheel drives driven rotation again
It is dynamic.Driven wheel rotation drives the liquid refrigerant in liquid line to flow into evaporator.
Because the volume flow of gaseous working medium is much larger than liquid refrigerant volume flow (density) in liquid line in flue, together
Axis rotate constant power in the case of, liquid working substance obtain pressure head be significantly larger than gas working medium loss pressure head, this pressure head can with gram
Take the flow resistance in entire flow process.It is equivalent to and sacrifices (about 1 DEG C) the generation mechanical energy promotion of sub-fraction heat transfer temperature difference
Liquid refrigerant reflux greatly improves heat pipe circulating heat transfer performance, and is not necessarily to external drive, has " adaptive " regulation performance (temperature
Circular flow is automatically increased when poor big).
Further, driving wheel is low-pressure ratio turbine structure, and side pressure ratio in front and back is not more than 1.1:1.
Further, driven wheel is small lift liquid pump structure, and lift is not more than 5 m.
Further, gas-liquid separator is set on flue, prevents liquid from entering driving wheel and brings liquid hammer problem.
Further, liquid storage device is set on liquid line, prevents gas from entering driven wheel and brings cavitation problem.
Further, several ribbon heaters are set on condenser, for starting heat pipe circulation heat exchanger.
Further, phase-change working substance is simple substance or mixture.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
Present invention utilizes the thermal potential differences between evaporator and condenser so that the gaseous working medium in evaporator by flue to
Condenser flowing.It is mounted with driving wheel on flue, is mounted with that co-axial connection driven wheel, gaseous working medium push on liquid line
While driving wheel, driven wheel also drives the liquid in liquid line to flow to evaporator on liquid line, therefore forms circulation, puts
Dependence of the heat pipe circulation for gravity is taken off, evaporator is no longer limited by condenser, agravic even in aerospace field
It can be worked normally under negative G (overload) scene, substantially expand heat pipe cycle applications range；And it is driven without external impetus
It is dynamic, complicated power device regulation problem is avoided, system weight is light, space occupied is small, control is easy, continuously-running.
Detailed description of the invention
It to describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention more clearly, below will be to needed in the embodiment
Attached drawing is briefly described, it should be apparent that, drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, for ability
For the those of ordinary skill of domain, without creative efforts, it can also be obtained according to these attached drawings other attached
Figure.
Fig. 1 is the structural diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is Conventional gravity heat pipe loop structure schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 is Conventional gravity heat pipe circular flow pressure-enthalpy chart；
Fig. 4 is present invention driving heat pipe circular flow pressure-enthalpy chart certainly.
Wherein, 1- evaporator, 2- flue, 3- condenser, 4- liquid line, 5- driving wheel, 6- shaft, 7- driven wheel, 8-
Gas-liquid separator, 9- liquid storage device, the ribbon heater 10-.
Specific embodiment
Technical solution in order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, With reference to embodiment to this
Invention is described in further detail.
The embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of driving heat pipe circulation heat exchanger certainly, as shown in Figure 1, comprising:
Evaporator 1, flue 2, condenser 3, liquid line 4, driving wheel 5, shaft 6, driven wheel 7.
Evaporator 1 connects condenser 3 by flue 2 and liquid line 4, forms an enclosure space that can be recycled, institute
It states and is filled with phase-change working substance in enclosure space.
Ribbon heater 10 is set on condenser 3.Before starting, working medium is all in condenser 3, and in order to smoothly start, starting is electric
The working medium in condenser 3 is heated in the torrid zone 10, so that working medium is in evaporator 1 before starting；Stop ribbon heater 10 to heat
Normal activation system.
In heat pipe On The Cycle Working Process, 1 temperature of evaporator is high, and 3 temperature of condenser is relatively low, the phase in evaporator 1
Qualitative change of exchanging work is gaseous state, since there are thermal potential difference, the i.e. corresponding saturation pressure difference of the saturation temperature difference, gaseous states between 1 device of evaporation and condenser 3
Working medium flows to condenser 3 by flue 2.
Driving wheel 5 is set in 2 channel of flue, driven wheel 7 is set in 4 channel of liquid line, driving wheel 5 is low-pressure ratio turbine
Structure, driven wheel 7 are small lift liquid pump structure, and shaft 6 passes through flue 2 and liquid line 4, coaxially connected driving wheel 5 and driven
Wheel 7, shaft 6 pierces into the position seals of flue 2, liquid line 4.When passing through gaseous working medium in flue 2, due to evaporating pressure
Higher than condensing pressure, under turbine principle, gaseous working medium drives driving wheel 5 to rotate, and driving wheel 5 drives driven wheel 7 to rotate again.From
Driving wheel 7 rotates, and under the action of the centrifugal force, the liquid refrigerant in liquid line 4 is driven to flow back to evaporator 1.
Gas-liquid separator 8 is installed, gaseous working medium first passes through gas-liquid separator 8 using driving wheel 5 on flue 2.Gas-liquid
Separator 8 collects mixed liquid refrigerant, Returning evaporimeter 1, so that liquid refrigerant be avoided to flow into driving wheel 5, liquid hammer is caused to be asked
Topic.
On liquid line 4 install liquid storage device 9, from condenser 3 flow out liquid refrigerant first pass through liquid storage device 9 enter back into it is driven
Wheel, liquid storage device 9 adjusts charging amount inside heat exchange of heat pipe, while liquid storage device 9 is also avoided that gaseous working medium enters driven wheel 7 and causes
Cavitation problem.
Because the volume flow of gaseous working medium is much larger than liquid refrigerant volume flow (density) in liquid line 4 in flue 2,
In the case of rotating coaxially constant power, the pressure head that liquid working substance obtains is significantly larger than the pressure head of gas working medium loss, this pressure head can be with
Overcome the flow resistance in entire flow process.It is equivalent to and sacrifices (about 1 DEG C) generation mechanical energy rush of sub-fraction heat transfer temperature difference
It flows back into liquid refrigerant, greatly improves heat pipe circulating heat transfer performance, and be not necessarily to external drive, there is " adaptive " regulation performance
(circular flow is automatically increased when the temperature difference is big).
The structural schematic diagram of traditional gravity heat pipe circulation is as shown in Fig. 2, the pressure-enthalpy chart in its course of work is as shown in Figure 3.
In gravity assisted heat pipe circulation heat exchanger, condenser locations necessarily are greater than evaporator.High temperature heat source (such asT source=40 DEG C) heating
Under effect, phase-change working substance is evaporated to gaseous working medium in evaporator, and gaseous working medium enters condensation along flue under differential pressure action
Device, low-temperature heat source (such asT sink=10 DEG C) under cooling effect, gaseous working medium is condensed into liquid refrigerant, under the effect of gravity, liquid
State working medium flows back into evaporator under the effect of gravity.Substantially, the driving force of gravity assisted heat pipe is equal in liquid line and flue
The product of working medium density contrast and height difference, this driving force overcome flow resistance to complete circulation.During the work time, evaporating pressureP e
(evaporating temperatureT e) and condensing pressureP c(condensation temperatureT c) gap is little, it is proportional to the static pressure difference of the corresponding fluid column of height difference, such as
Height difference is 1m, and working medium R134a, density is about 1200 kg/m, and evaporating pressure and condensing pressure are poorΔP=P e-P c=ρgh≈
12000 Pa, corresponding evaporating temperature and condensation temperature difference are about 0.8 DEG C.In gravity assisted heat pipe normal course of operation, circulation power and
Circulation resistance is about that wherein substantially, evaporator pressure drop 3000Pa, gas tube voltage drop 7000Pa are cold for pressure distribution by 12000 Pa(
Condenser pressure drop 2000Pa, liquid line 12000 Pa of pressure rise under the effect of gravity), correspond only to 0.8 DEG C of temperature difference.When height difference not
When sufficient, working medium stop can not return liquid within the condenser, and circular flow is insufficient, and the scarce liquid of evaporator is evaporated, the supercooling of condenser hydrops is tight
Weight, leads to heat pipe circulating heat transfer poor performance, or even be difficult to work.
In fact, heat source temperature (such asT source=40 DEG C) and sink temperature (such asT sink=10 DEG C) corresponding saturation pressure
Power difference is very big, for example uses R134a for working medium, and corresponding pressure difference is up to 0.6 Mpa.If being converted into machine using a part of pressure difference
Tool energy, and mechanical energy is passed to liquid refrigerant, heat pipe circulation can be driven and normally return liquid.In addition, because of gaseous state in flue
The volume flow of working mediumQ v,gMuch larger than liquid refrigerant volume flow in liquid lineQ v,l(Q v,g=(ρ g /ρ l)Q v,l≈60Q v,l), coaxially
In the case of rotation constant power (N=Q v,g ΔP g=Q v,l ΔP l), the pressure head that liquid working substance obtainsΔP lSignificantly larger than gas working medium loses
Pressure headΔP g, this pressure head can overcome the flow resistance in entire flow process to be recycled.
Assuming that for above-mentioned gravity assisted heat pipe circulation heat exchanger, it 30 DEG C of the Cooling and Heat Source temperature difference, can be normal in height difference 1m
Heat transfer, needs about 12000 Pa pressure heads that can normally return liquid relative to liquid line.It is recycled using of the invention from driving heat pipe, only
Driven wheel 7 is needed to generate the pressure head of about 12000Pa.If working medium is R134a, liquids and gases density ratio is about 60, false
If overall mechanical efficiency between driving wheel 5 and driven wheel 7ηIt is 0.2, then driving wheel 5 only needs to consume about 1000 Pa(ΔP g=(Q v,l ΔP l)/(ηQ v,g)=12000/ (60*0.2)=1000 Pa) pressure head can generate the pressure head of 12000 Pa on driven wheel 7, and it is complete
May replace gravity carries out back liquid entirely.If consuming pressure head on driving wheel 5 to further increase, can produce more on driven wheel 7
Big pressure head drives circulation, further enhances circular flow and heat transfer property.The present invention works from driving heat pipe circulation heat exchanger
Pressure-enthalpy chart in the process slightly increases 2 flow losses of flue, sacrifices as shown in figure 4, install driving wheel 5 on flue 2
Fraction heat transfer temperature difference, but circular flow is substantially increased, it evaporator superheat and condenser surfusion is eliminated, substantially mentions
The high performance of heat pipe circulation, has widened its scope of application.
Problem deserving of attention is, if evaporator and the condenser temperature difference be 1 DEG C (such asT e=25℃, T c=24 DEG C), root
According to the Carnot cycle of heat engine principle, efficiency of heat engine is only 0.003367.Assuming that heat exchange of heat pipe heat exchange amount is 8000W, can produce
Mechanical work be about 26.9 W.For working medium R134a, the latent heat of vaporization is about 200 kJ/kg, and 8000W heat output corresponds to matter
Amount flow is 0.04 kg/s, liquid volume flow 3.33*10-5 m3/ s, pressure head are 12000 Pa, and needing power is about 0.4
The producible maximum machine function 26.9W of W, far smaller than heat engine theoretically illustrates that the present invention is practical.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
(1) dependence of the heat pipe circulation for gravity is got rid of, evaporator installation site can be higher than condenser, in aerospace field
It can be worked normally under agravic or even negative G (overload) scene, substantially expand heat pipe cycle applications range, although sacrificing
The part temperature difference (1 ~ 2 DEG C), but Working fluid flow is substantially promoted, enhance heat-transfer effect；
(2) when the temperature difference (load) increases, driving wheel and secondary speed increase, and circular flow increases with it, and heat transfer property increases
By force, there is " adaptive " performance of control for the load of variation；
(3) it is driven without external impetus, avoids complicated power device regulation problem, system weight is light, space occupied is small, control
System is easy, and continuously-running.
The above description is merely a specific embodiment, but scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto, any
In the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by those familiar with the art, all answers
It is included within the scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the protection scope in claims.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of driving heat pipe circulation heat exchanger, including evaporator (1), flue (2), condenser (3) and liquid line (4) certainly,
Driving wheel (5), shaft (6), driven wheel (7), evaporator (1) pass through flue (2) and liquid line (4) connection condenser (3), group
The enclosure space that can be recycled at one is filled with phase-change working substance in the enclosure space, which is characterized in that
Driving wheel (5) are arranged in flue (2) inner passage, by gaseous working medium in flue (2), in evaporator (1) and condensation
Under device (3) differential pressure action, gaseous working medium drives driving wheel (5) rotation；
Driven wheel (7) are arranged in liquid line (4) inner passage, and driving wheel (5) and driven wheel (7) are connected by shaft (6), driving wheel
(5) driven wheel (7) rotation is driven；
Driven wheel (7) rotation drives the liquid refrigerant in liquid line (4) to flow into evaporator (1).
2. according to claim 1 from driving heat pipe circulation heat exchanger, which is characterized in that driving wheel (5) is low-pressure ratio whirlpool
Wheel construction.
3. according to claim 1 from driving heat pipe circulation heat exchanger, which is characterized in that driven wheel (6) is small lift liquid
Pump configuration.
4. according to claim 1 from driving heat pipe circulation heat exchanger, which is characterized in that gas-liquid is arranged on (2) in flue
Separator (8).
5. according to claim 1 from driving heat pipe circulation heat exchanger, which is characterized in that liquid storage is arranged on (4) in liquid line
Device (9).
6. according to claim 1 from driving heat pipe circulation heat exchanger, which is characterized in that be arranged on condenser (3) several
Ribbon heater (10).
7. it is according to claim 1 from driving heat pipe circulation heat exchanger, which is characterized in that the phase-change working substance be simple substance or
Mixture.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810763873.6A CN109029034A (en) | 2018-07-12 | 2018-07-12 | A kind of driving heat pipe circulation heat exchanger certainly |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810763873.6A CN109029034A (en) | 2018-07-12 | 2018-07-12 | A kind of driving heat pipe circulation heat exchanger certainly |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN109029034A true CN109029034A (en) | 2018-12-18 |
Family
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN201810763873.6A Pending CN109029034A (en) | 2018-07-12 | 2018-07-12 | A kind of driving heat pipe circulation heat exchanger certainly |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110578974A (en) * | 2019-09-17 | 2019-12-17 | 安徽建筑大学 | Operation control method of passive system and passive system |
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| US6684941B1 (en) * | 2002-06-04 | 2004-02-03 | Yiding Cao | Reciprocating-mechanism driven heat loop |
| US20110162821A1 (en) * | 2010-01-05 | 2011-07-07 | International Business Machines Corporation | Self-pumping liquid and gas cooling system for the cooling of solar cells and heat-generating elements |
| CN102997727A (en) * | 2012-11-28 | 2013-03-27 | 常州市康舒环境科技有限公司 | Thermally driven separation heat pipe type heat exchanger |
| CN104094074A (en) * | 2011-09-14 | 2014-10-08 | 欧热管公司 | Capillary-pumping heat-transport device |
| JP2016153716A (en) * | 2015-02-20 | 2016-08-25 | 三浦工業株式会社 | Boiler |
| CN107062376A (en) * | 2017-03-27 | 2017-08-18 | 南京工业大学 | A kind of industrial waste heat water cooling and the runner heat-exchanger rig of recycling |
| CN108168342A (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-06-15 | 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 | High hot-fluid antigravity heat pipe |
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2018
- 2018-07-12 CN CN201810763873.6A patent/CN109029034A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1982002590A1 (en) * | 1981-01-19 | 1982-08-05 | Technologies Corp United | Self-driven chemical heat pipe |
| US6684941B1 (en) * | 2002-06-04 | 2004-02-03 | Yiding Cao | Reciprocating-mechanism driven heat loop |
| US20110162821A1 (en) * | 2010-01-05 | 2011-07-07 | International Business Machines Corporation | Self-pumping liquid and gas cooling system for the cooling of solar cells and heat-generating elements |
| CN104094074A (en) * | 2011-09-14 | 2014-10-08 | 欧热管公司 | Capillary-pumping heat-transport device |
| CN102997727A (en) * | 2012-11-28 | 2013-03-27 | 常州市康舒环境科技有限公司 | Thermally driven separation heat pipe type heat exchanger |
| JP2016153716A (en) * | 2015-02-20 | 2016-08-25 | 三浦工業株式会社 | Boiler |
| CN107062376A (en) * | 2017-03-27 | 2017-08-18 | 南京工业大学 | A kind of industrial waste heat water cooling and the runner heat-exchanger rig of recycling |
| CN108168342A (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-06-15 | 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 | High hot-fluid antigravity heat pipe |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110578974A (en) * | 2019-09-17 | 2019-12-17 | 安徽建筑大学 | Operation control method of passive system and passive system |
| CN110578974B (en) * | 2019-09-17 | 2023-06-16 | 安徽建筑大学 | Operation control method of passive system and passive system |
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