CN109028457B - Control method for central air conditioner load response HVDC blocking accident - Google Patents
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a control method for a central air conditioner load to respond to an HVDC blocking accident, which comprises the following steps: collecting measurement information of the central air conditioner in real time, wherein the measurement information comprises the set temperature of cooling water inlet and outlet water, the temperature of chilled water inlet and outlet water, the power of a central air conditioner host and the like; after an HVDC (high voltage direct current) blocking accident occurs, a stable load cutting main station issues a load cutting instruction through a communication protocol, a load sub-station executes a load cutting command, and the load sub-station cuts off a controlled central air conditioner load through the communication protocol; restoring the power supply of the feeder line, and controlling the current percentage of the air conditioner to be consistent with that before the accident; removing the limit on the current percentage of the air conditioner; removing the limit on the current percentage of the air conditioner; and establishing a full-time-domain simulation model, and mastering the change condition of the system frequency after the load is added into the control by the dispatching center through the full-time-domain simulation model. The invention can quickly respond to HVDC blocking accidents, has little influence on central air-conditioning equipment, avoids secondary power impact on a system and is convenient for a power grid dispatching center to master frequency response after the accidents.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a control method for responding to a locking accident of an HVDC power transmission line by a central air conditioner load.
Background
In order to solve the urgent environmental and energy problems at present, wind, light and other renewable energy sources are being developed and utilized on a large scale in the world, and China also sets an energy strategy of the global energy Internet. In china, a large number of renewable energy resources are concentrated in the northwest and large load centers are distributed in the southeast. In order to accept more renewable energy sources, more and more extra-High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) transmission projects are built or are being built at home and abroad, China currently has HVDC lines such as Ningdong-Zhejiang, Yunnan-northwest-Guangdong, Jinbei-Jiangsu and the like, and abroad has northeast of India-Argla three-terminal HVDC lines and Brazilian beautiful mountain hydroelectric power which is sent out I, II times to the HVDC lines. For some load centers, a large amount of electric energy is from HVDC power transmission, and the safety and stability of a power system can be seriously endangered by the fault of an HVDC transmission line, such as 3.21 major power failure in Brazil in 2018, and large-scale power failure in Brazil due to the latching of the HVDC transmission line. The control means adopted after the accident is load shedding control, but the social is seriously and negatively influenced by excessive load shedding.
In order to reduce the negative influence of large-area load shedding on the society after an HVDC blocking accident, the load demand is reduced and the system safety is improved through load response in the prior art. Since the temperature control load accounts for a large proportion of the load, air conditioning loads in many areas, such as Shanghai and Jinan, account for more than 40% of the total load in summer, and the temperature control load has a heat energy storage characteristic, the transient removal of the temperature control load does not cause obvious influence on users, and the temperature control load is suitable for load response. The load of the central air conditioner is a typical temperature control load, and the central air conditioner has the advantages over the distributed air conditioner: the single power is large, the thermal inertia is larger, and the further control can be realized on the existing control platform conveniently, so that the central air conditioner has the potential to be used as a load response resource for responding HVDC blocking accidents.
The control of the central air-conditioning load response HVDC blocking accident in the prior art has the following problems:
1) central air conditioning load modeling in response to HVDC latching events is not mature.
2) Currently, direct removal of the central air conditioner does not take user comfort into account, and the power surge occurring after power restoration may cause new damage to the system.
3) A frequency response model after controlling the load of the central air conditioner cannot be established, so that the power grid dispatching center can accurately know the effect of load response.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art and provides a control method for responding HVDC blocking accidents by a central air conditioner load; according to the invention, the central air-conditioning load model responding to the HVDC blocking accident is established, the frequency response model added with the central air-conditioning load is established, and the central air-conditioning load control is brought into the stable load shedding system, so that the HVDC blocking accident can be responded rapidly, the secondary power impact during load recovery can be avoided, the comfort level of a user side is fully considered, and the load response effect can be conveniently known by a power grid dispatching center.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a control method for responding HVDC blocking accident by central air conditioner load includes the following steps:
1) collecting measurement information of the central air conditioner in real time, wherein the measurement information comprises the set temperature of cooling water inlet and outlet water, the temperature of chilled water inlet and outlet water, the power of a host and the like;
2) after an HVDC (high voltage direct current) blocking accident occurs, a stable load cutting main station issues a load cutting instruction through a communication protocol, a load sub-station executes a load cutting command, and the load sub-station cuts off a controlled central air conditioner load through the communication protocol;
3) after a set time period, the feeder line is recovered to supply power, the current percentage of the air conditioner is controlled to be consistent with that before the accident, and extra impact on the system is avoided;
4) the limit on the current percentage of the air conditioner is removed after a set time period; the limitation on the percentage of the air conditioner current is removed so as not to influence the comfort of users, and the electric power system can not be influenced by secondary power impact due to different time for removing the limitation of different air conditioner loads.
5) And establishing a full-time-domain simulation model, and mastering the change condition of the system frequency after the load is added into the control by the dispatching center through the full-time-domain simulation model.
In the step 1), the time interval of the measurement information acquisition is 30s because the temperature changes relatively slowly.
In the step 2), the communication protocol between the load substation and the central air conditioner adopts an MODBUS protocol, and the communication protocol between the load shedding master station and the load substation adopts an IEC104 communication protocol.
In the step 2), the removed central air-conditioning load refers to the removal of the central air-conditioning host, and the rest parts including an oil pump, a water pump and the like work normally, so that damage to air-conditioning equipment is avoided.
In the step 2), the central air-conditioning host needs to be quickly cut off after an accident occurs, if the percentage of the current of the air conditioner is directly limited to 0, the central air-conditioning host needs to be closed for several minutes, and in order to quickly cut off the air-conditioning host, a circuit breaker needs to be additionally arranged on the air-conditioning host under the assistance of a manufacturer.
The set time period in step 3) depends on the requirement of the power system on the load response time and the requirement of the comfort level of the user on the time, and the set time period is 10 min.
In the step 5), the full time domain simulation model adopts a frequency response model.
The full-time domain simulation model adopts a frequency response model and comprises modeling on the refrigeration efficiency (COP) of a central air-conditioning host machine, the temperature change of inlet and outlet chilled water, a fan coil and the heat exchange power of a tail end;
the refrigeration efficiency modeling of the main machine is obtained by fitting a quadratic function of the following formula:
wherein Qe、QchillerThe electric power and the refrigerating capacity of the central air conditioner are respectively in W unit;
a0，a1and a2Respectively are fitting parameters and have no dimension;
the inlet and outlet water temperature change model of the chilled water can be obtained approximately according to a first thermodynamic law:
wherein, Tw,lAnd Tw,eRespectively the outlet water temperature and the return water temperature of the chilled water, and the unit is;
Cw,land Cw,eThe heat capacity of the outlet water and the heat capacity of the return water of the chilled water are respectively expressed in J/DEG C;
Kwcv is the thermal conductance of the chilled water, in W/deg.c;
Qexchangeis the heat exchange power of the chilled water and the tail end, and the unit is W;
c is the specific heat capacity of the frozen water, and the unit is J/DEG C.kg;
v is the flow rate of the chilled water in kg/s;
in the steady state, Kw(Tw,e-Tw,l)＝Qchiller，Qchiller＝Qexchange，
The power of the fan coil used for refrigerating water and exchanging heat at the tail end meets Qexchange＝α(Ti-Tw,l)Kex，
Wherein T isiIs the average indoor temperature in ° c, α is the proportion of the end equipment in the on state, KexIs the heat transfer thermal conductance in W/deg.C;
the proportion α of terminal devices in the on state is obtained by the following equation:
the change of the indoor average temperature is described by a thermal space model:
wherein KairIs the thermal conductance of the end room, in W/deg.C; cairIs the heat capacity of the end room in units of J/deg.C; t isoIs the outdoor temperature in degrees Celsius.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention can quickly respond to HVDC blocking accidents, has little influence on central air conditioning equipment, fully considers user comfort, can avoid secondary power impact on a system, and is convenient for a power grid dispatching center to master frequency response after the accidents.
2. According to the invention, a single central air conditioner with high power and larger thermal inertia is used as a load response resource for responding to the HVDC latching accident, so that further control can be conveniently realized on the existing control platform, the negative influence of large-area load removal on the society after the HVDC latching accident is reduced by reducing the load demand through load response, the system safety is improved, the problems existing in the central air conditioner load modeling for responding to the HVDC latching accident in the prior art are solved, the influence of the central air conditioner on the user comfort level is removed in the prior art, new damage to the system caused by power impact after power supply recovery is avoided, and the problem that a frequency response model for controlling the central air conditioner load is not provided in the prior art is solved, so that a power grid dispatching center can accurately know the load response.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a basic architecture diagram of a central air conditioner according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a basic architecture diagram of a load shedding system considering temperature controlled loads according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a simplified block diagram of a generator set model provided by the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a prime mover model provided by the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a simplified generator rotor circuit model block diagram provided by the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph of the relationship between the electrical power of the main unit and the cooling capacity provided by the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a graph of the inlet and outlet water temperature and the indoor average temperature of chilled water after an accident;
FIG. 8 is a topology diagram of a four-machine power system for testing according to the present invention;
9(a) after the occurrence of an HVDC lockout event, disregarding the frequency variation profile of the central air conditioning load response;
9(b) taking into account a frequency variation profile of the load response after an HVDC latching event;
fig. 10(a) is a graph showing a frequency change of directly turning on the central air conditioner after power restoration;
fig. 10(b) is a graph of frequency variation for additionally controlling the current percentage of the central air conditioner after power restoration.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the invention is further described with reference to the following figures and examples.
Referring to fig. 1 to 10, fig. 1 is a basic architecture diagram of a central air conditioner, a host of the central air conditioner can convert electric energy into multiple times of refrigerating capacity through a refrigerant, cooling water is cooled in a condenser through a cooling water pump, and refrigerating water is delivered to a terminal user through the refrigerating water pump in an evaporator.
A control method for responding HVDC blocking accident by central air conditioner load includes the following steps:
1) collecting measurement information of the central air conditioner in real time, wherein the measurement information comprises the set temperature of cooling water inlet and outlet water, the temperature of chilled water inlet and outlet water, the power of a host and the like;
2) after an HVDC (high voltage direct current) blocking accident occurs, a stable load cutting main station issues a load cutting instruction through a communication protocol, a load sub-station executes a load cutting command, and the load sub-station cuts off a controlled central air conditioner load through the communication protocol;
3) after a set time period, the feeder line is recovered to supply power, the current percentage of the air conditioner is controlled to be consistent with that before the accident, and extra impact on the system is avoided;
4) the limit on the current percentage of the air conditioner is removed after a set time period; the limitation on the percentage of the air conditioner current is removed so as not to influence the comfort of users, and the electric power system can not be influenced by secondary power impact due to different time for removing the limitation of different air conditioner loads.
5) And establishing a full-time-domain simulation model, and mastering the change condition of the system frequency after the load is added into the control by the dispatching center through the full-time-domain simulation model.
In the step 1), the time interval of the measurement information acquisition is 30s because the temperature changes relatively slowly.
In the step 2), the communication protocol between the load substation and the central air conditioner adopts an MODBUS protocol, and the communication protocol between the load shedding master station and the load substation adopts an IEC104 communication protocol.
In the step 2), the removed central air-conditioning load refers to the removal of the central air-conditioning host, and the rest parts including an oil pump, a water pump and the like work normally, so that damage to air-conditioning equipment is avoided.
In the step 2), the central air-conditioning host needs to be quickly cut off after an accident occurs, if the percentage of the current of the air conditioner is directly limited to 0, the central air-conditioning host needs to be closed for several minutes, and in order to quickly cut off the air-conditioning host, a circuit breaker needs to be additionally arranged on the air-conditioning host under the assistance of a manufacturer.
The set time period in step 3) depends on the requirement of the power system on the load response time and the requirement of the comfort level of the user on the time, and the set time period is 10 min.
In the step 5), in order to use the central air conditioner for responding to the HVDC blocking accident, a full-time domain simulation model needs to be established, wherein the full-time domain simulation model adopts a frequency response model and comprises modeling on the refrigeration efficiency (COP) of a central air conditioner host machine, the temperature change of inlet and outlet chilled water, a fan coil and the end exchange heat power.
The refrigeration efficiency of the host machine is the relation between the electric power of the host machine and the refrigeration capacity of the host machine, and the refrigeration efficiency modeling of the host machine is obtained by fitting a quadratic function of the following formula:
wherein Qe、QchillerThe electric power and the refrigerating capacity of the central air conditioner are respectively in W unit;
a0，a1and a2Respectively are fitting parameters and have no dimension;
the inlet and outlet water temperature change model of the chilled water can be obtained approximately according to a first thermodynamic law:
wherein, Tw,lAnd Tw,eRespectively the outlet water temperature and the return water temperature of the chilled water, and the unit is;
Cw,land Cw,eThe heat capacity of the outlet water and the heat capacity of the return water of the chilled water are respectively expressed in J/DEG C;
Kwcv is the thermal conductance of the chilled water, in W/deg.c;
Qexchangeis the heat exchange power of the chilled water and the tail end, and the unit is W;
c is the specific heat capacity of the frozen water, and the unit is J/DEG C.kg;
v is the flow rate of the chilled water in kg/s;
in the steady state, Kw(Tw,e-Tw,l)＝Qchiller，Qchiller＝Qexchange，
The power of the fan coil used for refrigerating water and exchanging heat at the tail end meets Qexchange＝α(Ti-Tw,l)Kex，
Wherein T isiIs the average indoor temperature in ° c, α is the proportion of the end equipment in the on state, KexIs the heat transfer thermal conductance in W/deg.C;
the proportion α of terminal devices in the on state is obtained by the following equation:
the change of the indoor average temperature is described by a thermal space model:
wherein KairIs the thermal conductance of the end room, in W/deg.C; cairIs the heat capacity of the end room in units of J/deg.C; t isoIs the outdoor temperature in degrees Celsius.
The above equation can calculate the average temperature of the terminal room of the central air conditioner responding to the HVDC blocking accident, thereby giving the influence of the central air conditioner participating in the control on the comfort of the user, and can also be used for determining the control quantity such as the cutting-off time of the central air conditioner, the current percentage when recovering, the limitation time of the current percentage removing and the like.
FIG. 2 is a basic architecture diagram of a load shedding system considering temperature control load, and a stable load shedding main station issues a load shedding command to each load shedding sub-station after an HVDC blocking accident occurs; traditionally, each load shedding substation can directly shed a feeder line, which can cause negative influence on society, and the control method provided by the invention can finely shed temperature control loads, including central air-conditioning loads; the temperature control load is cut off in a short time, so that the user cannot be greatly influenced, and the temperature control load occupies a large proportion in the load, so that the negative influence of HVDC blocking on the safety and stability of the power system can be effectively relieved by cutting off the temperature control load after an accident occurs.
Fig. 3 is a block diagram of a generator set model, which omits the excitation system of the generator set and is a simplified block diagram, including a prime mover, a speed regulator, and a generator. The dynamic process of the generator adopts a second-order rotor motion equation
Wherein is the rotor angle in rad; omega is the per unit value of the angular speed of the rotor, and is dimensionless; omegasIs a reference value of the angular speed of the rotor, and the unit is rad/s; m is the inertia time constant of the generator, with the unit of s; pmAnd PeIs the mechanical and electrical power of the generator in units of W. The electric power of the generator is represented as follows
Pe＝PL+Dω，
Wherein P isLIs the load power, in units of W; d is the damping coefficient of the generator and has the unit of W/(rad/s).
A schematic diagram of the prime mover is shown in FIG. 4, the transfer function of the prime mover is
Wherein V is the opening degree of the valve and is dimensionless; t isCHAnd TRHIs the time constant of the high pressure cylinder and the low pressure cylinder, with the unit of s; fIPAnd FHPIs a proportionality constant of the high pressure cylinder and the low pressure cylinder, and has no dimension.
The transfer function of the speed regulator is
Gg(s)＝1/(1+sTG)，
Wherein T isGIs the governor time constant in units of s.
The network equation of the power system adopts a direct current power flow equation
PL＝Bθ，
Wherein B is an admittance matrix of the direct current power flow, and the unit is S; pLThe active power of each node is W, and after the central air-conditioning load responds to the HVDC blocking accident, the active power with the central air-conditioning load node changes; θ is the phase angle of each node in rad.
A simplified generator rotor circuit model is shown in FIG. 5, which relates the phase angle of the generating node to the generator rotor angle
Pe＝(-θ)/X'd，
Wherein X'dIs the generator transient reactance in Ω.
The frequency response of the central air conditioner after responding to the HVDC blocking accident can be calculated through the equation.
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the relationship between the electric power and the cooling capacity of the main unit of the air conditioner, and it can be seen that the results obtained by using quadratic fitting are consistent with the original data; after an HVDC latching accident, the chilled water outlet and return water temperatures and the change of the average temperature in the terminal room are shown in fig. 7, which shows that the control of the central air conditioner after the accident does not affect the user comfort.
FIG. 8 is a four-machine power system for testing, including 11 nodes and 4 generators; after the HVDC latching accident occurs, the frequency variation curves without considering the load response of the central air conditioner and with considering the load response are shown in fig. 9(a) and 9b), and it can be seen that after considering the load response of the central air conditioner, the minimum value and the steady state value of the frequency after the accident are both obviously improved, and the system safety is not endangered; after the power supply is restored, the frequency change curves of directly turning on the central air conditioner and additionally controlling the current percentage of the central air conditioner are shown in fig. 10(a) and 10(b), and it is seen that secondary power impact is caused by no additional control, and further the system safety is threatened. Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications or variations may be made without inventive faculty based on the technical solutions of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A control method for responding HVDC blocking accidents by a central air conditioner load is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) collecting measurement information of the central air conditioner in real time, wherein the measurement information comprises the set temperature of cooling water inlet and outlet water, the temperature of chilled water inlet and outlet water, the power of a central air conditioner host and the like;
2) after an HVDC (high voltage direct current) blocking accident occurs, a stable load cutting main station issues a load cutting instruction through a communication protocol, a load sub-station executes a load cutting command, and the load sub-station cuts off a controlled central air conditioner load through the communication protocol;
3) after a set time period, the feeder line is recovered to supply power, the current percentage of the air conditioner is controlled to be consistent with that before the accident, and extra impact on the system is avoided;
4) the limit on the current percentage of the air conditioner is removed after a set time period; the limitation on the current percentage of the air conditioner is removed so that the comfort level of a user is not influenced, and the electric power system can not be influenced by secondary power impact due to different time for removing the limitation of different air conditioner loads;
5) establishing a full-time-domain simulation model, and mastering the change condition of the system frequency after the load is added into the control by the dispatching center through the full-time-domain simulation model;
in the step 5), the full time domain simulation model adopts a frequency response model;
the full-time domain simulation model comprises modeling on the refrigeration efficiency (COP) of the central air-conditioning host machine, the temperature change of inlet and outlet chilled water, a fan coil and the heat exchange power of the tail end;
the refrigeration efficiency modeling of the main machine is obtained by fitting a quadratic function of the following formula:
wherein Qe、QchillerThe electric power and the refrigerating capacity of the central air conditioner are respectively in W unit;
a0，a1and a2Respectively are fitting parameters and have no dimension;
the inlet and outlet water temperature change model of the chilled water can be obtained approximately according to a first thermodynamic law:
wherein, Tw,lAnd Tw,eRespectively the outlet water temperature and the return water temperature of the chilled water, and the unit is;
Cw,land Cw,eThe heat capacity of the outlet water and the heat capacity of the return water of the chilled water are respectively expressed in J/DEG C;
Kwcv is the thermal conductance of the chilled water, in W/deg.c;
Qexchangeis the heat exchange power of the chilled water and the tail end, and the unit is W;
c is the specific heat capacity of the frozen water, and the unit is J/DEG C.kg;
v is the flow rate of the chilled water in kg/s;
in the steady state, Kw(Tw,e-Tw,l)＝Qchiller，Qchiller＝Qexchange，
The power of the fan coil used for refrigerating water and exchanging heat at the tail end meets Qexchange＝α(Ti-Tw,l)KexWherein T isiIs the average indoor temperature in ° c, α is the proportion of the end equipment in the on state, KexIs the heat transfer thermal conductance in W/deg.C;
the proportion α of terminal devices in the on state is obtained by the following equation:
the change of the indoor average temperature is described by a thermal space model:
wherein KairIs the thermal conductance of the end room, in W/deg.C; cairIs the heat capacity of the end room in units of J/deg.C; t isoIs the outdoor temperature in degrees Celsius.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 1), the time interval for collecting the measured information is 30s because the temperature changes relatively slowly.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 2), the communication protocol between the load substation and the central air conditioner adopts MODBUS protocol, and the communication protocol between the load shedding master station and the load substation adopts IEC104 communication protocol.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step 2) of cutting off the central air conditioning load means that the central air conditioning main unit is cut off, and the rest parts including an oil pump and a water pump work normally.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 2), a circuit breaker is installed on the power circuit of the main unit of the central air conditioner.
6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the set time period in step 3) is 10 min.
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| CN109638844B (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2022-04-05 | 国网山东省电力公司电力科学研究院 | Method for coping with large-receiving-end grid direct-current blocking fault by using central air conditioner |
| CN109780686A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-05-21 | 国网江苏省电力有限公司无锡供电分公司 | Using time efficiency as the central air-conditioning flexible control method of starting point |
| CN110360719B (en) * | 2019-07-18 | 2020-12-29 | 国网山东省电力公司电力科学研究院 | Emergency control method for central air conditioner |
| CN112460762B (en) * | 2020-11-25 | 2022-04-15 | 国网山东省电力公司电力科学研究院 | Control strategy for central air-conditioning load group participating in peak shaving of power system |
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