CN109024702A - Construction method and structure is isolated in contaminated soil - Google Patents
Construction method and structure is isolated in contaminated soil Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN109024702A CN109024702A CN201811162752.2A CN201811162752A CN109024702A CN 109024702 A CN109024702 A CN 109024702A CN 201811162752 A CN201811162752 A CN 201811162752A CN 109024702 A CN109024702 A CN 109024702A
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- prefabricated
- baffle box
- contaminated soil
- landfill groove
- soil
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 96
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004746 geotextile Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005442 atmospheric precipitation Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001903 high density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004700 high-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007794 irritation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011378 shotcrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002352 surface water Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D31/00—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D31/00—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution
- E02D31/002—Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution
- E02D31/004—Sealing liners
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to contaminated soil isolation, disclose contaminated soil isolation construction method and structure, its key points of the technical solution are that excavating the landfill groove to be formed in back filled region and being set in landfill groove for closing the baffle box of the Polluted Soil backfilled after reparation, the baffle box includes prefabricated panel, prefabricated side plate and prefabricated top plate, and cleaning soil is backfilled between landfill groove and the baffle box；By the pollution earthen backfill after reparation in baffle box, backfill cleaning soil after Polluted Soil is isolated, baffle box is covered and fills landfill groove, baffle box be combined with each other with landfill groove, hard buffer action is played to Polluted Soil and the external world, effectively reduces the case where Polluted Soil after repairing still impacts environment.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to contaminated soil isolation, more specifically, it relates to contaminated soil isolation construction method and structure.
Background technique
In order to reduce the soil being contaminated with adverse effect caused by human and environment, need to repair Polluted Soil.
Under normal circumstances, to heavy metal polluted soil using reparation is stabilized, chemical oxidation reparation is used to organic contamination soil,
Irritation peculiar smell soil is repaired using room temperature parsing, chemical oxidation treatment is used to pollution range underground water, and after reparation
Polluted Soil needs to carry out barrier backfill in the back filled region that same court is planned, but there are still cause to environment for the Polluted Soil after repairing
The case where influence.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the present invention to provide contaminated soils, and construction method is isolated, and the Polluted Soil after reparation is isolated,
Effectively reduce the case where Polluted Soil after repairing still impacts environment.
Above-mentioned technical purpose of the invention has the technical scheme that construction party is isolated in contaminated soil
Method, comprising: back filled region earth excavation carries out slope excavation to back filled region, forms landfill groove；Slope retaining is formed to excavating
Landfill groove carry out slope retaining；Prefabricated panel construction, in the bottom construction prefabricated panel of landfill groove；Prefabricated side plate is applied
Work, in the prefabricated side plate of the side of prefabricated panel construction；Earthen backfill is polluted, the barrier region surrounded toward prefabricated panel and prefabricated side plate
Polluted Soil after backfill reparation；Earthen backfill is cleaned, toward backfill cleaning soil between landfill groove and prefabricated side plate；Prefabricated top plate is applied
Work, at the top of the prefabricated side plate between construct prefabricated top plate, make to form barrier between prefabricated panel, prefabricated side plate and prefabricated top plate
Case；On cover cleaning soil construction, toward prefabricated top plate at the top of and landfill groove covering cleaning soil.
Polluted Soil is isolated by the pollution earthen backfill after reparation in baffle box by using above-mentioned technical proposal
Backfill cleaning soil afterwards is covered to baffle box and is filled landfill groove, and baffle box be combined with each other with landfill groove, to Polluted Soil
Hard buffer action is played with the external world, effectively reduces the case where Polluted Soil after repairing still impacts environment.
Preferably, the medial surface of baffle box is provided with antiseepage film.
By using above-mentioned technical proposal, the case where Polluted Soil in baffle box leaks can be effectively reduced, is further protected
Environment, and baffle box also acts as the effect that destruction and the interference of outer bound pair antiseepage film is isolated, and improves steady to the barrier of Polluted Soil
It is qualitative.
Preferably, geotextiles are set between the antiseepage film and baffle box.
By using above-mentioned technical proposal, antiseepage film and baffle box are isolated, reduce because antiseepage film and baffle box it
Between pressure it is excessive and lead to the situation of antiseepage film breakage.
Preferably, geotextiles are arranged in the side in the antiseepage film inside baffle box.
By using above-mentioned technical proposal, antiseepage film and Polluted Soil are isolated, reduce point in the contaminated soil of antiseepage film
The case where sharp part is scratched.
Preferably, water-stop curtain mixing pile is set on the outside of landfill groove.
By using above-mentioned technical proposal, the water layer exchange inside and outside landfill groove is obstructed, underground water leakage is reduced.
Another purpose of invention is to provide contaminated soil isolation structure, the Polluted Soil after reparation is isolated, effectively
Reduce the case where Polluted Soil after repairing still impacts environment.
Above-mentioned technical purpose of the invention has the technical scheme that contaminated soil isolation structure, packet
It includes: excavating the landfill groove to be formed in back filled region and be set in landfill groove for closing the resistance of the Polluted Soil backfilled after reparation
Cell, the baffle box include prefabricated panel, prefabricated side plate and prefabricated top plate, are backfilled between landfill groove and the baffle box
There is cleaning soil.
Polluted Soil is isolated by the pollution earthen backfill after reparation in baffle box by using above-mentioned technical proposal
Backfill cleaning soil afterwards is covered to baffle box and is filled landfill groove, and baffle box be combined with each other with landfill groove, to Polluted Soil
Hard buffer action is played with the external world, effectively reduces the case where Polluted Soil after repairing still impacts environment.
Preferably, the medial surface of the baffle box is provided with antiseepage film.
By using above-mentioned technical proposal, the case where Polluted Soil in baffle box leaks can be effectively reduced, is further protected
Environment, and baffle box also acts as the effect that destruction and the interference of outer bound pair antiseepage film is isolated, and improves steady to the barrier of Polluted Soil
It is qualitative.
Preferably, geotextiles are provided between the antiseepage film and baffle box.
By using above-mentioned technical proposal, antiseepage film and baffle box are isolated, reduce because antiseepage film and baffle box it
Between pressure it is excessive and lead to the situation of antiseepage film breakage.
Preferably, side of the antiseepage film inside baffle box is provided with geotextiles.
By using above-mentioned technical proposal, antiseepage film and Polluted Soil are isolated, reduce point in the contaminated soil of antiseepage film
The case where sharp part is scratched.
Preferably, water-stop curtain mixing pile is provided on the outside of landfill groove.
By using above-mentioned technical proposal, the water layer exchange inside and outside landfill groove is obstructed, underground water leakage is reduced.
In conclusion the invention has the following advantages: the Polluted Soil after reparation is isolated in by antiseepage film and baffle box
It is interior, and baffle box be combined with each other with landfill groove, hard buffer action is played to Polluted Soil and the external world, after effectively reducing reparation
The case where Polluted Soil still impacts environment.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of contaminated soil isolation structure.
Appended drawing reference: 1, groove is filled；2, prefabricated panel；3, prefabricated side plate；4, prefabricated top plate；5, Polluted Soil；6, it cleans
Soil；7, antiseepage film；8, geotextiles；9, water-stop curtain mixing pile；10, rammed earth layer.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with attached drawing, invention is further described in detail.
Following specific embodiments are only explanation of the invention, are not limitation of the present invention, art technology
Personnel can according to need the modification that not creative contribution is made to the present embodiment after reading this specification, but as long as
All by the protection of Patent Law in the scope of the claims invented above.
Contaminated soil isolation structure is filling as shown in Figure 1, including excavating the landfill groove 1 to be formed in back filled region slope
The slot bottom of groove 1 carries out compacting to soil and forms rammed earth layer 10, and the outside of landfill groove 1 is provided with water-stop curtain stirring
Stake 9 obstructs the water layer exchange inside and outside landfill groove 1, reduces underground water leakage, and the side of the groove top in landfill groove 1
Protective fence is arranged in side.
10 upper surface of rammed earth layer is provided with the prefabricated panel 2 of reinforced concrete structure, in the side of prefabricated panel 2
It is connected with the prefabricated side plate 3 for the reinforced concrete structure being vertically arranged, armored concrete knot is connected between the top of side plate
The prefabricated top plate 4 of structure, prefabricated panel 2, prefabricated side plate 3 and prefabricated top plate 4 are prefabricated panel 2, pre- in the preparatory pouring molding of factory
The baffle box of the Polluted Soil 5 after being used to close reparation and backfilled is formed between side plate 3 and prefabricated top plate 4 processed.
Landfill has cleaning soil 6 between baffle box and landfill groove 1, and landfill groove 1 is covered and filled to baffle box,
Baffle box be combined with each other with landfill groove 1, plays hard buffer action to Polluted Soil 5 and the external world, effectively reduces the pollution after repairing
The case where soil 5 still impacts environment.
The medial surface of baffle box is provided with the antiseepage film 7 of HDPE material, the Polluted Soil 5 of backfill is wrapped in, can have
Effect reduces the case where Polluted Soil 5 in baffle box leaks, and further protects environment, and baffle box also acts as the outer bound pair of isolation and prevents
The effect of destruction and the interference of film 7 is seeped, improves the barrier stability to Polluted Soil 5, and be provided in the two sides of antiseepage film 7
Geotextiles 8 are reduced respectively to antiseepage film 7 and baffle box, antiseepage film 7 and Polluted Soil 5 are isolated because of antiseepage film 7 and barrier
Pressure between case is excessive and the breakage of antiseepage film 7 and antiseepage film 7 is caused to be contaminated the case where part sharp in soil 5 is scratched.
Construction method is isolated in 5 earth of Polluted Soil, comprising the following steps:
Step 1: the side construction water-stop curtain mixing pile 9 for excavating landfill groove 1 is designed in back filled region.
Step 2: back filled region earth excavation carries out slope excavation to back filled region, and earth excavation uses natural discharging slope, and formation is filled out
Buried channel slot 1.
When earth excavation, strict control digging depth is backfilling and compacted, jolt ramming if the part backbreak with rubble, sand；Cubic metre of earth
General spy is carried out when excavating designed elevation, and is carried out at once after notifying prospecting and designing unit, supervisor, construction unit's check of foundation subsoil
Bed course pouring construction prevents the sun to be exposed to the sun and soaks brush destruction substrate original state soil structure with rainwater, and pays attention to carrying out related concealed work
Checking and accepting；Landfill 1 surrounding of groove sets up the security guardrail of high 1.2m in time, and railing is set up with steel pipe, and hangs safety net and peace
Full mark.
In order to dredge the surface water such as construction water, Atmospheric precipitation, place is prevented to be immersed in water, when earth excavation, fills ditch
Intercepting ditch is arranged in 1 face of slot, and dewatering well is arranged in landfill groove 1, and gutter, sump is arranged in landfill 1 bottom of groove.
Step 3: slope retaining carries out side slope combined bolting and shotcrete to the landfill groove 1 formed is excavated.
Step 4: prefabricated panel 2 is constructed, and is carried out compacting to the soil of landfill 1 slot bottom of groove and is formed rammed earth layer 10, and
The construction prefabricated panel 2 on rammed earth layer 10.
Step 5: prefabricated side plate 3 is constructed, in the prefabricated side plate 3 of the side of prefabricated panel 2 construction, prefabricated panel 2 and prefabricated side
Grouting material is filled between plate 3 is mutually bonded fixation.
Step 6: being laid with antiseepage film 7, place antiseepage film 7 at past 3 side inner sidewall of prefabricated panel 2 and prefabricated side plate, make antiseepage
Film 7 surrounds the barrier region that prefabricated panel 2 and prefabricated side plate 3 surround, and the two sides of antiseepage film 7 are bonded and are provided with geotextiles
8。
Step 7: Polluted Soil 5 backfills, the dirt after repairing toward the barrier region backfill that prefabricated panel 2 and prefabricated side plate 3 surround
Dye soil 5, makes antiseepage film 7 catch Polluted Soil 5.
Step 8: cleaning soil 6 backfills, and toward backfill cleaning soil 6 between landfill groove 1 and prefabricated side plate 3, backfills cleaning soil 6
Extremely flushed with the top surface of prefabricated side plate 3.
Step 9: covering antiseepage film 7 toward the top surface of Polluted Soil 5, and the two sides of antiseepage film 7 are bonded and are provided with geotextiles
8, so that antiseepage film 7 is wrapped Polluted Soil 5.
Step 10: prefabricated top plate 4 is constructed, prefabricated top plate 4 of constructing between prefabricated 3 top of side plate, prefabricated side plate 3 and prefabricated
Grouting material is filled between top plate 4 and is mutually bonded fixation, makes to form barrier between prefabricated panel 2, prefabricated side plate 3 and prefabricated top plate 4
Polluted Soil 5 and antiseepage film 7 are enclosed in interior by case.
Step 11: above cover cleaning soil 6 and construct, toward 4 top of prefabricated top plate and the landfill covering of groove 1 cleaning native 6 to landfill
The top of groove 1 flushes, and divides the top of cleaning soil 6 into landscape planting band.
The utility model has the advantages that in the Polluted Soil 5 after reparation is isolated in by antiseepage film 7 and baffle box, and baffle box and landfill ditch
Slot 1 be combined with each other, and plays hard buffer action to Polluted Soil 5 and the external world, effectively reduces the Polluted Soil 5 after repairing and still causes to environment
The case where influence.
Claims (10)
1. construction method is isolated in contaminated soil characterized by comprising
Back filled region earth excavation carries out slope excavation to back filled region, forms landfill groove (1)；
Slope retaining carries out slope retaining to the landfill groove (1) formed is excavated；
Prefabricated panel (2) construction constructs prefabricated panel (2) in the bottom of landfill groove (1)；
Prefabricated side plate (3) construction, in the prefabricated side plate (3) of the side of prefabricated panel (2) construction；
Polluted Soil (5) backfill, the Polluted Soil after being repaired toward the barrier region backfill that prefabricated panel (2) and prefabricated side plate (3) surround
(5)；
Native (6) backfill is cleaned, cleans native (6) toward backfill between landfill groove (1) and prefabricated side plate (3)；
Prefabricated top plate (4) construction, constructs prefabricated top plate (4) between prefabricated side plate (3) top, makes prefabricated panel (2), prefabricated side
Baffle box is formed between plate (3) and prefabricated top plate (4)；
On cover cleaning native (6) construction, toward prefabricated top plate (4) at the top of and landfill groove (1) covering clean native (6).
2. construction method is isolated in contaminated soil according to claim 1, which is characterized in that be arranged in the medial surface of baffle box
There are antiseepage film (7).
3. construction method is isolated in contaminated soil according to claim 2, which is characterized in that in the antiseepage film (7) and resistance
Geotextiles (8) are set between cell.
4. construction method is isolated in contaminated soil according to claim 2, which is characterized in that close in the antiseepage film (7)
Geotextiles (8) are arranged in side inside baffle box.
5. construction method is isolated in contaminated soil according to claim 1, which is characterized in that set on the outside of landfill groove (1)
Set water-stop curtain mixing pile (9).
6. contaminated soil isolation structure characterized by comprising excavate the landfill groove (1) to be formed in back filled region and be set to
For close the baffle box of Polluted Soil (5) backfilled after reparation in landfill groove (1), the baffle box include prefabricated panel (2),
It is native (6) to be backfilled with cleaning between the landfill groove (1) and baffle box for prefabricated side plate (3) and prefabricated top plate (4).
7. contaminated soil isolation structure according to claim 6, which is characterized in that the medial surface of the baffle box is provided with
Antiseepage film (7).
8. contaminated soil isolation structure according to claim 7, which is characterized in that in the antiseepage film (7) and baffle box
Between be provided with geotextiles (8).
9. contaminated soil isolation structure according to claim 7, which is characterized in that in the antiseepage film (7) close to barrier
Side inside case is provided with geotextiles (8).
10. contaminated soil isolation structure according to claim 6, which is characterized in that be provided on the outside of landfill groove (1)
Water-stop curtain mixing pile (9).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811162752.2A CN109024702A (en) | 2018-09-30 | 2018-09-30 | Construction method and structure is isolated in contaminated soil |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811162752.2A CN109024702A (en) | 2018-09-30 | 2018-09-30 | Construction method and structure is isolated in contaminated soil |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN109024702A true CN109024702A (en) | 2018-12-18 |
Family
ID=64615697
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811162752.2A Pending CN109024702A (en) | 2018-09-30 | 2018-09-30 | Construction method and structure is isolated in contaminated soil |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN109024702A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113814266A (en) * | 2021-09-13 | 2021-12-21 | 生态环境部华南环境科学研究所 | Reclaimed aluminum pile point soil pollution risk management and control method based on vertical barrier |
| CN115387394A (en) * | 2022-08-19 | 2022-11-25 | 生态环境部环境规划院 | Method for treating heavy metal contaminated soil by utilizing newly-built expressway |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002066524A (en) * | 2000-09-01 | 2002-03-05 | Fudo Constr Co Ltd | Sealing method for contaminated soil |
| CN104110042A (en) * | 2014-06-27 | 2014-10-22 | 中国电建集团贵阳勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Seepage prevention method and structure for waste percolate collecting pool |
| CN205085133U (en) * | 2015-11-06 | 2016-03-16 | 张家港市格锐环境工程有限公司 | Dangerous solid waste's landfill pond |
| CN205914499U (en) * | 2016-07-25 | 2017-02-01 | 深圳市铁汉生态环境股份有限公司 | Soil heavy metal mine waste residue separation structure |
| CN206240929U (en) * | 2016-11-18 | 2017-06-13 | 北京高能时代环境技术股份有限公司 | The dump leaching repair system of chromium-polluted soil |
| CN206279563U (en) * | 2016-12-22 | 2017-06-27 | 中科绿洲（北京）环境咨询有限公司 | A kind of heavy metal pollution clayed soil underground landfill heap body based on rigid structure |
| CN208996097U (en) * | 2018-09-30 | 2019-06-18 | 广东建科建设咨询有限公司 | Contaminated soil isolation structure |
-
2018
- 2018-09-30 CN CN201811162752.2A patent/CN109024702A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002066524A (en) * | 2000-09-01 | 2002-03-05 | Fudo Constr Co Ltd | Sealing method for contaminated soil |
| CN104110042A (en) * | 2014-06-27 | 2014-10-22 | 中国电建集团贵阳勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Seepage prevention method and structure for waste percolate collecting pool |
| CN205085133U (en) * | 2015-11-06 | 2016-03-16 | 张家港市格锐环境工程有限公司 | Dangerous solid waste's landfill pond |
| CN205914499U (en) * | 2016-07-25 | 2017-02-01 | 深圳市铁汉生态环境股份有限公司 | Soil heavy metal mine waste residue separation structure |
| CN206240929U (en) * | 2016-11-18 | 2017-06-13 | 北京高能时代环境技术股份有限公司 | The dump leaching repair system of chromium-polluted soil |
| CN206279563U (en) * | 2016-12-22 | 2017-06-27 | 中科绿洲（北京）环境咨询有限公司 | A kind of heavy metal pollution clayed soil underground landfill heap body based on rigid structure |
| CN208996097U (en) * | 2018-09-30 | 2019-06-18 | 广东建科建设咨询有限公司 | Contaminated soil isolation structure |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113814266A (en) * | 2021-09-13 | 2021-12-21 | 生态环境部华南环境科学研究所 | Reclaimed aluminum pile point soil pollution risk management and control method based on vertical barrier |
| CN115387394A (en) * | 2022-08-19 | 2022-11-25 | 生态环境部环境规划院 | Method for treating heavy metal contaminated soil by utilizing newly-built expressway |
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| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |
Application publication date: 20181218 |
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