Construction method for widening highway subgrade in frozen soil area
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of road construction, in particular to a construction method for widening a highway subgrade in a frozen soil area.
Background
With the rapid development of socioeconomic in China, most of the functions of the existing roads can not meet the increasing traffic demand of the society, so that the original roads are imperatively upgraded and modified. The key of the engineering reconstruction is the widening of the highway subgrade, namely the design and the construction. At present, the construction technology for widening the roadbed in China is relatively mature, and the problem of longitudinal cracks generated at the joint of a new roadbed and an old roadbed can be effectively solved, however, the width of China is vast, the soil quality of each place is different, and particularly for special geographical positions such as Qinghai-Tibet plateau, special soil layers such as frozen soil layers often exist, frozen soil is a soil medium which is extremely sensitive to temperature, and contains abundant underground ice, and a certain amount of unfrozen water exists in the frozen soil. Rock and soil without ice is called cold soil. Thus, frozen earth has rheological properties, with long-term strength far below the transient strength characteristics. Because of these characteristics of frozen earth, the construction of engineering structures in frozen earth areas must face two major risks: the construction method comprises the steps of frost heaving and thawing, wherein the frost heaving is realized because the condensed ice blocks are very firm, the expanded ice blocks push the soil to the top and form large soil bags, so that the construction of widening the highway subgrade on a road section containing a frozen soil layer is quite difficult, and the research on the construction method for widening the highway subgrade in a frozen soil area is not available at present.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a construction method for widening the highway subgrade in the frozen soil area, which can effectively avoid the influence of frost heaving and thaw collapse of frozen soil on the structure of the widened subgrade, prevent the generation of cracks between the new subgrade and the old subgrade and ensure the stability of the subgrade in the frozen soil area.
In order to achieve the above objects and other objects, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
a construction method for widening highway subgrade in frozen soil area mainly comprises the following steps:
s1, measuring and lofting the position of the original roadbed needing to be widened in spring and summer, marking the position needing to be widened, and digging a step-shaped slope downwards from the edge of the original roadbed to the marked position needing to be widened to form a construction pit with the depth meeting the construction requirement from the edge of the original roadbed to the step-shaped extension;
s2, randomly sampling and testing the dug soil to obtain the soil density of the dug soil, and proportionally mixing coarse sand with the particle size of 1-2mm into the dug soil according to the soil density;
s3, collecting soil at the bottom of the construction pit as a sample for experiment, and obtaining the vertical height change of the sample after freezing;
s4, vertically driving first timber piles into the pit bottom, wherein the first timber piles are uniformly distributed at the pit bottom, and the distance from the top ends of the first timber piles to the surface of the pit bottom is larger than the change of the vertical height of the sample obtained in the S3;
s5, horizontally paving two layers of geogrids on the top end of the first timber pile; a first geotextile is laid between the two layers of the geogrids;
s6, backfilling the soil mixed with the coarse sand in the step S2 layer by layer to the geogrid on the upper layer, and compacting when the height of each step of step is reached until the depth of the construction pit is 1/3-1/2;
s7, vertically driving a second timber pile on the compacted soil surface of S6, and enabling the top surface of the second timber pile to be flush with the surface of the compacted soil surface;
s8, paving gravel soil on the soil surface of the second timber pile driven in at S7 layer by layer according to the height of the step, and compacting until the compacted surface is 12-15cm lower than the surface of the original roadbed;
and S9, paving the crushed stone chips on the compacted surface of the S8, and then compacting to be flush with the surface of the original roadbed.
Preferably, in the construction method for widening the highway subgrade in the frozen soil area, in step S2, before mixing the dug-out soil and coarse sand, the mixture is sun-dried for 3-5 days and mashed.
Preferably, in the construction method for widening the highway subgrade in the frozen soil area, elastic waterproof cloth is laid at the bottom of the pit, and a through hole is formed in the waterproof cloth, so that the first timber pile penetrates through the waterproof cloth through the through hole.
Preferably, in the construction method for widening the highway subgrade in the frozen soil area, before S4, a second geotextile is further hung on the side wall of the construction pit at the widening position side, and a net is fixed outside the second geotextile.
Preferably, in the construction method for widening the roadbed in the frozen soil area, in step S3, the method for obtaining the change in the vertical height of the sample after freezing includes:
placing a sample in an experimental container with only an open upper part, measuring the compaction degree of soil at the pit bottom to adjust the compaction degree of the sample in the experimental container to be the same as that of the soil at the pit bottom, freezing the sample in an environment below 0 ℃, and measuring the height of the sample in the experimental container after the sample is frozen to obtain the change of the vertical height of the sample after the sample is frozen.
Preferably, in the construction method for widening the roadbed in the frozen soil region, in S5, concrete is poured onto the geogrid located on the upper layer.
Preferably, in the construction method for widening the highway subgrade in the frozen soil area, a supporting mechanism is arranged on the first timber pile; the supporting mechanism comprises a fixing ring and supporting legs; the fixing ring is sleeved on the first timber pile in a manner of sliding along the side wall of the first timber pile, and 3-5 supporting legs are arranged; the top ends of the supporting legs are fixedly connected to the outer wall of the fixing ring at uniform intervals, and the bottom ends of the supporting legs are inclined towards the direction far away from the fixing ring so as to form a tower-shaped supporting frame with the fixing ring as the top surface; the supporting leg is scalable setting, and when no external force acts on, is in the extension state, and makes the height of support frame with first stake top protrusion in the distance on the surface of pit bottom is the same, just the supporting leg is when receiving external force extrusion, and the limit length of shrink is the change length of the sample vertical height who obtains in S3.
The invention at least comprises the following beneficial effects:
according to the construction method for widening the highway subgrade in the frozen soil area, the construction of the subgrade is carried out in spring and summer, so that the soil in the frozen soil area is in a thawing-sinking state, and the sinking of a new subgrade caused by construction in a frost heaving state is avoided; the frost heaving coefficient of the pit bottom soil is determined through an experiment on the pit bottom soil, and then a first timber pile is arranged at the pit bottom, so that a certain distance is kept between the widened roadbed and the frost heaving soil layer at the pit bottom, a sufficient frost heaving space is reserved for the frost soil at the pit bottom, and the situation that the new roadbed is jacked up by the frost heaving of the new roadbed when the air temperature is low, and longitudinal cracks between the new roadbed and the old roadbed are caused is avoided; the excavated soil can be recycled when the roadbed is widened for construction by carrying out corresponding treatment after the excavated soil is tested, so that the construction cost is saved; the geogrids are arranged on the first wood piles, the first geotextile is laid among the geogrids, materials for widening the roadbed can be prevented from entering a frost heaving space of a reserved frozen soil layer from gaps of the geogrids, the arrangement of the two layers of geogrids can strengthen the bearing capacity of the widened roadbed in the vertical direction, the soil is excavated and backfilled layer by layer and compacted, and gravel soil is laid and compacted layer by layer, so that the compaction degree of the roadbed is effectively improved, the settlement of the roadbed is further reduced under the condition that the compaction degree is improved, the stability of the widened roadbed can be further improved, and the settlement of the widened roadbed is reduced; the second timber pile is driven, so that the bearing capacity of the widened roadbed for resisting the pressure from the road surface can be further enhanced, and the settlement amount is reduced; the step-shaped construction pit is dug, so that the layer-by-layer joint parts are formed between the new roadbed and the old roadbed, the shearing resistance of the joint parts of the new roadbed and the old roadbed is improved, the new roadbed is prevented from being damaged by settlement, the effect of stabilizing uneven settlement of the new roadbed and the old roadbed is achieved, and the structure of the new roadbed is more stable.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a construction method for widening roadbed in frozen soil area;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the support mechanism provided by the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the attached drawings so that those skilled in the art can implement the invention by referring to the description.
As shown in fig. 1, a construction method for widening a highway subgrade in a frozen soil area mainly comprises the following steps:
s1, measuring and lofting the position, needing to be widened, of the original roadbed 7 in spring and summer, marking the position needing to be widened, and digging step-shaped slopes downwards from the edge of the original roadbed 7 to the marked position needing to be widened step by step to form a construction pit 1 with the depth meeting the construction requirements, wherein the step-shaped slopes extend from the edge of the original roadbed 7 to the depth;
s2, randomly sampling and testing the dug soil to obtain the soil density of the dug soil, and proportionally mixing coarse sand with the particle size of 1-2mm into the dug soil according to the soil density;
s3, collecting soil at the bottom of the construction pit 1 as a sample for experiment, and obtaining the vertical height change of the sample after freezing;
s4, vertically driving first timber piles 2 into the pit bottom, uniformly distributing the first timber piles 2 at the pit bottom, and enabling the distance of the top ends of the first timber piles 2 protruding out of the surface of the pit bottom to be larger than the change of the vertical height of the sample obtained in the S3;
s5, horizontally paving two layers of geogrids 3 at the top end of the first timber pile 2; a first geotextile 4 is laid between the two layers of geogrids 3;
s6, backfilling the soil mixed with the coarse sand in the step S2 to the geogrid 3 on the upper layer by layer, and compacting when the height of each step of step is reached until the depth of the construction pit 1 reaches 1/3-1/2;
s7, vertically driving a second timber pile 5 on the compacted soil surface of S6, and enabling the top surface of the second timber pile 5 to be flush with the surface of the compacted soil surface;
s8, paving gravel soil 6 on the soil surface of the second timber pile 5 driven in at S7 layer by layer according to the height of the steps, and compacting until the compacted surface is 12-15cm lower than the surface of the original roadbed 7;
and S9, paving the gravel 8 on the compacted surface of the S8, and then compacting to be flush with the surface of the original roadbed 7.
In the scheme, the roadbed is constructed in spring and summer, so that the soil in the frozen soil area is in a thawing-sinking state, and sinking of a new roadbed caused by construction in a frost heaving state is avoided; the frost heaving coefficient of the pit bottom soil is determined through an experiment on the pit bottom soil, and then a first timber pile is arranged at the pit bottom, so that a certain distance is kept between the widened roadbed and the frost heaving soil layer at the pit bottom, a sufficient frost heaving space is reserved for the frost soil at the pit bottom, and the situation that the new roadbed is jacked up by the frost heaving of the new roadbed when the air temperature is low, and longitudinal cracks between the new roadbed and the old roadbed are caused is avoided; the excavated soil can be recycled when the roadbed is widened for construction by carrying out corresponding treatment after the excavated soil is tested, so that the construction cost is saved; the geogrids are arranged on the first wood piles, the first geotextile is laid among the geogrids, materials for widening the roadbed can be prevented from entering a frost heaving space of a reserved frozen soil layer from gaps of the geogrids, the arrangement of the two layers of geogrids can strengthen the bearing capacity of the widened roadbed in the vertical direction, the soil is excavated and backfilled layer by layer and compacted, and gravel soil is laid and compacted layer by layer, so that the compaction degree of the roadbed is effectively improved, the settlement of the roadbed is further reduced under the condition that the compaction degree is improved, the stability of the widened roadbed can be further improved, and the settlement of the widened roadbed is reduced; the second timber pile is driven, so that the bearing capacity of the widened roadbed for resisting the pressure from the road surface can be further enhanced, and the settlement amount is reduced; the step-shaped construction pit is dug, so that the layer-by-layer joint parts are formed between the new roadbed and the old roadbed, the shearing resistance of the joint parts of the new roadbed and the old roadbed is improved, the new roadbed is prevented from being damaged by settlement, the effect of stabilizing uneven settlement of the new roadbed and the old roadbed is achieved, and the structure of the new roadbed is more stable.
In a preferable scheme, in the step S2, before mixing the dug soil and the coarse sand, the mixture is sun-dried in the sun for 3-5 days and mashed.
In above-mentioned scheme, through the earlier sunny sunning under the earth that will dig out, the water content in can effectual reduction earth is more even with the mixture of coarse sand after pounding to pieces simultaneously, changes the granularity composition through the reduction of water content and coarse sand to avoid the earth that digs out to take place the possibility of frost heaving when reuse. The addition proportion of the coarse sand is added according to the experimental data of the excavated soil, so that the purpose of changing the granularity of the soil is achieved.
In a preferable scheme, elastic waterproof cloth 9 is laid at the bottom of the pit, and a through hole is formed in the waterproof cloth 9, so that the first timber pile 2 penetrates through the waterproof cloth 9 through the through hole.
In the above scheme, through laying of pit bottom tarpaulin, can avoid pit bottom frozen soil layer's moisture to upwards ooze, after frozen swelling inflation in frozen soil layer simultaneously, avoid frozen soil layer and upper widen the direct contact of road bed to widen the steadiness of road bed has been improved.
In a preferable scheme, before S4, a second geotextile 10 is further hung on a sidewall of the construction pit 1 on the side of the widened position, and a net 11 is fixed outside the second geotextile 10.
In the above scheme, through laying of second geotechnological cloth, avoid the frozen soil of the frozen soil layer of construction hole lateral part to widen the roadbed layer and remove to avoid frozen soil layer moisture to widen roadbed structure's influence, and the effect of consolidating construction hole and second geotechnological cloth can be played in the string net.
In a preferred embodiment, in S3, the method for obtaining the vertical height change of the frozen sample comprises: placing a sample in an experimental container with only an open upper part, measuring the compaction degree of soil at the pit bottom to adjust the compaction degree of the sample in the experimental container to be the same as that of the soil at the pit bottom, freezing the sample in an environment below 0 ℃, and measuring the height of the sample in the experimental container after the sample is frozen to obtain the change of the vertical height of the sample after the sample is frozen.
In above-mentioned scheme, through measuring the actual degree of compaction of pit bottom soil to adjust the degree of compaction of the sample of sample to with the actual degree of compaction of pit bottom soil the same, can make the experimental result more accurate, thereby utilize first stake to leave sufficient frozen soil layer frost heave space at the bottom of the pit and between widening the road bed bottom surface when the construction.
In a preferred embodiment, in S5, concrete 12 is poured on the geogrid 3 located at the upper layer.
In the scheme, the isolation of the geogrid and the pit bottom can be further reinforced by pouring the concrete on the geogrid, and the geotextile and the geogrid are tightly combined together by utilizing the concrete, so that the stability of widening the roadbed is enhanced.
As shown in fig. 2, in a preferred embodiment, a support mechanism 15 is disposed on the first timber pile 2; the supporting mechanism 15 comprises a fixing ring 13 and supporting legs 14; the fixing ring 13 is sleeved on the first timber pile 2 in a manner of sliding along the side wall of the first timber pile 2, and 3-5 supporting legs 14 are arranged; the top ends of the supporting legs 14 are fixedly connected to the outer wall of the fixing ring 13 at uniform intervals, and the bottom ends of the supporting legs incline in the direction away from the fixing ring 13 to form a tower-shaped supporting frame with the fixing ring 13 as the top surface; the supporting leg 14 is in a telescopic arrangement and is in an extension state when no external force is applied, the height of the supporting frame is the same as the distance from the top end of the first timber pile 2 protruding out of the surface of the pit bottom, and when the supporting leg 14 is extruded by the external force, the contracted limit length is the change length of the vertical height of the sample obtained in S3.
In above-mentioned scheme, through the setting of retractable support frame for the support frame can play good supporting role when the road bed takes place to subside in the top, reduces the volume of subsiding of road bed, simultaneously, can also take place to frost heave in the pit bottom frozen soil layer, keeps apart frozen soil layer and widens the road bed. The telescopic structure of the supporting leg is formed by sleeving two hollow rod bodies, and a spring is arranged at the sleeving end, so that the spring contracts when the inner rod body is extruded, the supporting leg is shortened, and when the external force disappears, the spring deforms and disappears, and the supporting leg stretches again.
While embodiments of the invention have been described above, it is not limited to the applications set forth in the description and the embodiments, which are fully applicable in various fields of endeavor to which the invention pertains, and further modifications may readily be made by those skilled in the art, it being understood that the invention is not limited to the details shown and described herein without departing from the general concept defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.