CN109022726B - Heat treatment method of medium carbon steel - Google Patents
Heat treatment method of medium carbon steel Download PDFInfo
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- CN109022726B CN109022726B CN201810998341.0A CN201810998341A CN109022726B CN 109022726 B CN109022726 B CN 109022726B CN 201810998341 A CN201810998341 A CN 201810998341A CN 109022726 B CN109022726 B CN 109022726B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/84—Controlled slow cooling
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
- C21D1/28—Normalising
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0062—Heat-treating apparatus with a cooling or quenching zone
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0081—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for slabs; for billets
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Abstract
The invention discloses a heat treatment method of medium carbon steel, which comprises the following steps: hydrogen diffusion and slow cooling: cooling the rolled finished steel plate, putting the cooled steel plate into a slow cooling pit, preserving heat for 4-5h, heating to 630-650 ℃ for 6-8h, preserving heat, cooling the steel plate along with the furnace, and discharging the steel plate from the furnace; normalizing: after flaw detection of the steel plate is qualified, the steel plate enters a vehicle bottom furnace for normalizing heat treatment; and (3) cooling: after the steel plate is normalized and discharged, the steel plate is hung to a special rack, the double fans are opened at one end, heat conducting water is opened below the steel plate, and the heat radiating effect is guaranteed. The invention eliminates stress by hydrogen diffusion and slow cooling, and solves the problems of unstable flaw detection and easy cracking of the prior medium-carbon steel thick plate; the upper surface and the lower surface are uniformly radiated, and the uniformity of the performance of the thick plate in the full thickness direction is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of heat treatment, and particularly relates to a heat treatment method of medium carbon steel.
Background
The heat treatment is a metal hot processing technology for changing the chemical components and structures on the surface or in the material to obtain the required performance by heating, heat preservation and cooling the metal material in a solid state.
The normalizing process is most commonly used, the conventional normalizing process is generally adopted for medium carbon steel, but local stress is usually caused by uneven cooling after rolling for thick plates, the diffusion of internal hydrogen is slow, the steel plate has a certain cracking tendency, and the high flaw detection requirement is difficult to achieve. And the thick plate is randomly placed after being normalized, so that the upper surface has quick heat dissipation, the lower surface has accumulated heat, the upper surface and the lower surface have uneven heat dissipation, and the overall performance has great difference.
Therefore, in order to control the cracking tendency of the steel sheet, it is necessary to develop a heat treatment method for reducing uneven cooling of the upper and lower surfaces of a medium carbon steel thick plate to improve the overall performance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a heat treatment method of medium carbon steel.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a method for heat treating a medium carbon steel, the method comprising the steps of:
(1) hydrogen diffusion and slow cooling: cooling the rolled finished steel plate, putting the cooled steel plate into a slow cooling pit, closing a burner, preserving heat for 4-5h, heating and preserving heat at the temperature of 630-650 ℃ after heating for 6-8h, closing the burner and closing a flue after the heat preservation time is up, and discharging the steel plate out of the furnace after cooling along with the furnace;
(2) normalizing: after flaw detection of the steel plate is qualified, the steel plate enters a vehicle bottom furnace for normalizing heat treatment;
(3) and (3) cooling: after the steel plate is normalized and discharged, the steel plate is hung to a special rack, the double fans are opened at one end, heat conducting water is opened below the steel plate, and the heat radiating effect is guaranteed.
In the step (1) of the invention, the rolled finished steel plate is cooled to 500-600 ℃ and then is loaded into a slow cooling pit.
In the step (1), the heating and heat-preserving time of the finished steel plate is as follows: the thickness of the finished steel plate is 150-200mm, and the heat preservation time is 30-31 h; the thickness is 201-250mm, and the heat preservation time is 40-41 h; the thickness is 251 and 300mm, and the heat preservation time is 50-51 h; the thickness is 301-350mm, and the heat preservation time is 60-61 h.
In the step (1) of the invention, the steel plate is cooled to 280-300 ℃ along with the furnace and taken out of the furnace.
In the step (2) of the invention, the normalizing heat treatment temperature is 890-920 ℃, and the total heating time is 1.8-2.5 min/mm.
In the step (3), the temperature of the heat-conducting water is less than or equal to 30 ℃.
The thickness of the finished steel plate is 150-350 mm.
The carbon content of the medium carbon steel is 0.42-0.48%.
The hardness of the medium carbon steel plate treated by the heat treatment method of the invention at 5 points in the total thickness is as follows: 2mm below the upper surface: 175HB, 201HB, upper 1/4: 175HB, 201HB, 1/2: 174HB, 204HB, below 1/4: 175-201HB, 2mm above the lower surface: 174 and 200 HB.
The invention relates to a method for detecting the performance of a medium carbon steel plate treated by a medium carbon steel heat treatment method, which refers to GB/T231.
Adopt the produced beneficial effect of above-mentioned technical scheme to lie in: 1. the invention solves the problems that the prior medium-carbon steel thick plate is easy to crack, the flaw detection is unstable, and the cooling on the upper surface and the lower surface is not uniform, and improves the uniformity of the performance of the thick plate in the full thickness direction. 2. The hardness of the medium carbon steel plate treated by the heat treatment method is 5 points in the total thickness: 2mm below the upper surface: 175HB, 201HB, upper 1/4: 175HB, 201HB, 1/2: 174HB, 204HB, below 1/4: 175-201HB, 2mm above the lower surface: 174 and 200 HB.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a cooling process dedicated gantry;
in the figure, 1 is a water pipe, and 2 is a fan.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and specific examples.
Example 1
In this example, the carbon steel sheet C45E has a thickness of 150mm and a carbon content of 0.42%, and the heat treatment method thereof includes the steps of:
(1) hydrogen diffusion and slow cooling: cooling a finished steel plate to 500 ℃, loading the steel plate into a slow cooling pit, closing a burner, preserving heat for 4 hours, then heating the steel plate to 630 ℃ for 30 hours after 6 hours, closing the burner after the heat preservation time is up, closing a flue, and cooling the steel plate to 280 ℃ along with the steel plate and discharging the steel plate;
(2) normalizing: after flaw detection of the steel plate is qualified, the steel plate enters a vehicle bottom furnace to be subjected to normalizing heat treatment, the steel plate is placed in the middle of an external furnace, the distance between the steel plate and the furnace walls on two sides is equal, the distance between the steel plate and the furnace walls on two sides is also equal, the normalizing temperature is 900 ℃, the total heating time is 1.8min/mm, and the steel plate is discharged after the heating time is up;
(3) and (3) cooling: after the steel plate is normalized and discharged from the furnace, the steel plate is hung to a special cooling rack, a double-fan is opened at one end, heat conducting water is opened below the steel plate, the temperature of the heat conducting water is 30 ℃, and the heat radiating effect is guaranteed.
The hardness of the carbon steel plate in the embodiment is very uniform at 5 points in the full thickness: 198HB was 2mm below the upper surface, 198HB was 1/4 mm above, 197HB was 1/2, 198HB was 1/4 below and 198HB was 2mm above the lower surface.
Example 2
In the embodiment, the thickness of the carbon steel plate C45E is 250mm, the carbon content is 0.44%, and the heat treatment method comprises the following steps:
(1) hydrogen diffusion and slow cooling: cooling the finished steel plate to 550 ℃, loading the steel plate into a slow cooling pit, closing a burner, preserving heat for 4.5 hours, then heating the steel plate to 640 ℃ for 40 hours after 7 hours, closing the burner after the heat preservation time is up, closing a flue, and discharging the steel plate from the furnace after the steel plate is cooled to 290 ℃ along with the furnace;
(2) normalizing: after flaw detection of the steel plate is qualified, the steel plate enters a vehicle bottom furnace to be subjected to normalizing heat treatment, the steel plate is placed in the middle of an external furnace, the distance between the steel plate and the furnace walls on two sides is equal, the distance between the steel plate and the furnace walls on the two sides is also equal, the normalizing temperature is 910 ℃, the total heating time is 2.1min/mm, and the steel plate is discharged after the heating time is up;
(3) and (3) cooling: after the steel plate is normalized and discharged from the furnace, the steel plate is hung to a special cooling rack, a double-fan is opened at one end, heat conducting water is opened below the steel plate, the temperature of the heat conducting water is 20 ℃, and the heat radiating effect is guaranteed.
The hardness of the carbon steel plate in the embodiment is very uniform at 5 points in the full thickness: 175HB for 2mm below the upper surface, 179HB for upper 1/4, 177HB for 1/2, 179HB for lower 1/4 and 178HB for 2mm above the lower surface.
Example 3
In the embodiment, the thickness of the carbon steel plate C45E is 350mm, the carbon content is 0.47%, and the heat treatment method comprises the following steps:
(1) hydrogen diffusion and slow cooling: cooling a finished steel plate to 600 ℃, loading the steel plate into a slow cooling pit, closing a burner, preserving heat for 5 hours, then heating the steel plate to 650 ℃ for 60 hours after 8 hours, closing the burner after the heat preservation time is up, closing a flue, and discharging the steel plate from the furnace after the steel plate is cooled to 300 ℃;
(2) normalizing: after flaw detection of the steel plate is qualified, the steel plate enters a vehicle bottom furnace to be subjected to normalizing heat treatment, the steel plate is placed in the middle of an external furnace, the distance between the steel plate and the furnace walls on two sides is equal, the distance between the steel plate and the furnace walls on two sides is also equal, the normalizing temperature is 920 ℃, the total heating time is 2.5min/mm, and the steel plate is discharged after the heating time is up;
(3) and (3) cooling: after the steel plate is normalized and discharged from the furnace, the steel plate is hung to a special cooling rack, a double-fan is opened at one end, heat conducting water is opened below the steel plate, the temperature of the heat conducting water is 25 ℃, and the heat radiating effect is guaranteed.
The hardness of the carbon steel plate in the embodiment is very uniform at 5 points in the full thickness: 201HB for 2mm below the upper surface, 201HB for upper 1/4, 204HB for 1/2, 201HB for lower 1/4, and 200HB for 2mm above the lower surface.
Example 4
In this example, the carbon steel sheet C45E has a thickness of 200mm and a carbon content of 0.48%, and the heat treatment method thereof includes the following steps:
(1) hydrogen diffusion and slow cooling: cooling the finished steel plate to 520 ℃, loading the steel plate into a slow cooling pit, closing a burner, preserving heat for 4.2 hours, then heating the steel plate to 635 ℃ for 6.2 hours, preserving heat for 31 hours, closing the burner after the heat preservation time is up, closing a flue, and cooling the steel plate to 285 ℃ along with the steel plate and discharging the steel plate;
(2) normalizing: after flaw detection of the steel plate is qualified, the steel plate enters a vehicle bottom furnace to be subjected to normalizing heat treatment, the steel plate is placed in the middle of an external furnace, the distance between the steel plate and the furnace walls on two sides is equal, the distance between the steel plate and the furnace walls is equal, the normalizing temperature is 890 ℃, the total heating time is 2.0min/mm, and the steel plate is discharged after the heating time is up;
(3) and (3) cooling: after the steel plate is normalized and discharged from the furnace, the steel plate is hung to a special cooling rack, a double-fan is opened at one end, heat conducting water is opened below the steel plate, the temperature of the heat conducting water is 15 ℃, and the heat radiating effect is guaranteed.
The hardness of the carbon steel plate in the embodiment is very uniform at 5 points in the full thickness: 175HB for 2mm below the upper surface, 175HB for upper 1/4, 174HB for 1/2, 175HB for lower 1/4 and 174HB for 2mm above the lower surface.
Example 5
In this embodiment, the carbon steel sheet C45E has a thickness of 201mm and a carbon content of 0.45%, and the heat treatment method includes the following steps:
(1) hydrogen diffusion and slow cooling: cooling the finished steel plate to 540 ℃, loading the steel plate into a slow cooling pit, closing a burner, preserving heat for 4.3 hours, then heating to 645 ℃ for 6.5 hours, preserving heat for 41 hours, closing the burner after the heat preservation time is up, closing a flue, and cooling the steel plate to 295 ℃ along with the steel plate and discharging the steel plate;
(2) normalizing: after flaw detection of the steel plate is qualified, the steel plate enters a vehicle bottom furnace to be subjected to normalizing heat treatment, the steel plate is placed in the middle of an external furnace, the distance between the steel plate and the furnace walls on two sides is equal, the distance between the steel plate and the furnace walls on two sides is also equal, the normalizing temperature is 900 ℃, the total heating time is 2.2min/mm, and the steel plate is discharged after the heating time is up;
(3) and (3) cooling: after the steel plate is normalized and discharged from the furnace, the steel plate is hung to a special cooling rack, a double-fan is opened at one end, heat conducting water is opened below the steel plate, the temperature of the heat conducting water is 18 ℃, and the heat radiating effect is guaranteed.
The hardness of the carbon steel plate in the embodiment is very uniform at 5 points in the full thickness: 195HB for 2mm below the upper surface, 195HB for upper 1/4, 193HB for 1/2, 195HB for lower 1/4 and 194HB for 2mm above the lower surface.
Example 6
The carbon steel plate C45E in the embodiment has the thickness of 251mm and the carbon content of 0.42 percent, and the heat treatment method comprises the following steps:
(1) hydrogen diffusion and slow cooling: cooling the finished steel plate to 550 ℃, loading the steel plate into a slow cooling pit, closing a burner, preserving heat for 4.6 hours, then heating the steel plate to 638 ℃ for 50 hours after 6.7 hours, closing the burner after the heat preservation time is up, closing a flue, and discharging the steel plate from the furnace after the steel plate is cooled to 288 ℃ along with the furnace;
(2) normalizing: after flaw detection of the steel plate is qualified, the steel plate enters a vehicle bottom furnace to be subjected to normalizing heat treatment, the steel plate is placed in the middle of an external furnace, the distance between the steel plate and the furnace walls on two sides is equal, the distance between the steel plate and the furnace walls on the two sides is also equal, the normalizing temperature is 905 ℃, the total heating time is 2.3min/mm, and the steel plate is discharged after the heating time is up;
(3) and (3) cooling: after the steel plate is normalized and discharged from the furnace, the steel plate is hung to a special cooling rack, a double-fan is opened at one end, heat conducting water is opened below the steel plate, the temperature of the heat conducting water is 21 ℃, and the heat radiating effect is guaranteed.
The hardness of the carbon steel plate in the embodiment is very uniform at 5 points in the full thickness: 195HB for 2mm below the upper surface, 195HB for upper 1/4, 194HB for 1/2, 195HB for lower 1/4 and 194HB for 2mm above the lower surface.
Example 7
In this example, the carbon steel sheet C45E has a thickness of 300mm and a carbon content of 0.46%, and the heat treatment method thereof includes the following steps:
(1) hydrogen diffusion and slow cooling: cooling the finished steel plate to 570 ℃, loading the steel plate into a slow cooling pit, closing a burner, preserving heat for 4.8 hours, then heating the steel plate to 642 ℃ for 51 hours after 7.3 hours, closing the burner after the heat preservation time is up, closing a flue, and cooling the steel plate to 296 ℃ along with the steel plate and discharging the steel plate;
(2) normalizing: after flaw detection of the steel plate is qualified, the steel plate enters a vehicle bottom furnace to be subjected to normalizing heat treatment, the steel plate is placed in the middle of an external furnace, the distance between the steel plate and the furnace walls on two sides is equal, the front distance and the rear distance are also equal, the normalizing temperature is 915 ℃, the total heating time is 2.4min/mm, and the steel plate is discharged after the heating time is up;
(3) and (3) cooling: after the steel plate is normalized and discharged from the furnace, the steel plate is hung to a special cooling rack, a double-fan is opened at one end, heat conducting water is opened below the steel plate, the temperature of the heat conducting water is 23 ℃, and the heat radiating effect is guaranteed.
The hardness of the carbon steel plate in the embodiment is very uniform at 5 points in the full thickness: 181HB for 2mm below the upper surface, 181HB for upper 1/4, 179HB for 1/2, 181HB for lower 1/4 and 180HB for 2mm above the lower surface.
Example 8
In this example, the carbon steel sheet C45E has a thickness of 301mm and a carbon content of 0.46%, and the heat treatment method thereof includes the steps of:
(1) hydrogen diffusion and slow cooling: cooling the finished steel plate to 590 ℃, loading the steel plate into a slow cooling pit, closing a burner, preserving heat for 4.5 hours, then heating to 647 ℃ for 7.7 hours, preserving heat for 61 hours, closing the burner after the heat preservation time is up, closing a flue, and cooling the steel plate to 289 ℃ along with the furnace and discharging;
(2) normalizing: after flaw detection of the steel plate is qualified, the steel plate enters a vehicle bottom furnace to be subjected to normalizing heat treatment, the steel plate is placed in the middle of an external furnace, the distance between the steel plate and the furnace walls on two sides is equal, the front distance and the rear distance are also equal, the normalizing temperature is 915 ℃, the total heating time is 2.0min/mm, and the steel plate is discharged after the heating time is up;
(3) and (3) cooling: after the steel plate is normalized and discharged from the furnace, the steel plate is hung to a special cooling rack, a double-fan is opened at one end, heat conducting water is opened below the steel plate, the temperature of the heat conducting water is 21 ℃, and the heat radiating effect is guaranteed.
The hardness of the carbon steel plate in the embodiment is very uniform at 5 points in the full thickness: 193HB for 2mm below the upper surface, 193HB for upper 1/4, 191HB for 1/2, 193HB for lower 1/4 and 192HB for 2mm above the lower surface.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that: modifications and equivalents may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention and it is intended to cover in the claims the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (4)
1. A heat treatment method for medium carbon steel is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) hydrogen diffusion and slow cooling: cooling the rolled finished steel plate to 500-plus-600 ℃, loading the steel plate into a slow cooling pit, closing the burner, preserving heat for 4-5h, then heating to 630-plus-650 ℃ for heat preservation for 6-8h, closing the burner after the heat preservation time is up, closing the flue, and discharging the steel plate out of the furnace after cooling along with the furnace; the heating and heat preservation time of the finished steel plate is as follows: the thickness of the finished steel plate is 150-200mm, and the heat preservation time is 30-31 h; the thickness is 201-250mm, and the heat preservation time is 40-41 h; the thickness is 251 and 300mm, and the heat preservation time is 50-51 h; the thickness is 301-350mm, and the heat preservation time is 60-61 h;
(2) normalizing: after flaw detection of the steel plate is qualified, the steel plate enters a vehicle bottom furnace for normalizing heat treatment, wherein the normalizing heat treatment temperature is 890-920 ℃, and the total heating time is 1.8-2.5 min/mm;
(3) and (3) cooling: after the steel plate is normalized and discharged from the furnace, the steel plate is hung to a special rack, a double-fan is opened at one end, heat-conducting water is opened below the steel plate, the temperature of the heat-conducting water is less than or equal to 30 ℃, and the heat-radiating effect is ensured;
the hardness of the medium carbon steel plate treated by the heat treatment method is 5 points in the total thickness: 2mm below the upper surface: 175HB, 201HB, upper 1/4: 175HB, 201HB, 1/2: 174HB, 204HB, below 1/4: 175-201HB, 2mm above the lower surface: 174 and 200 HB.
2. The method for heat treatment of medium carbon steel as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the steel plate is taken out from the furnace after being cooled to 280-300 ℃.
3. The heat treatment method for medium carbon steel as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the thickness of the finished steel plate is 150-350 mm.
4. A method for heat treating a medium carbon steel as claimed in claim 3, wherein said medium carbon steel contains carbon in an amount of 0.42 to 0.48%.
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Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS52156709A (en) * | 1976-06-23 | 1977-12-27 | Nippon Steel Corp | Dehydrogenizing cooling of high temperature steel material |
| CN105803329A (en) * | 2016-05-27 | 2016-07-27 | 舞阳钢铁有限责任公司 | Heavy Q345D steel plate for nuclear power and production method thereof |
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| CN102732674B (en) * | 2012-06-05 | 2014-01-29 | 舞阳钢铁有限责任公司 | Production method of heavy-gauge large-single-weight low-alloy high-strength structural steel plates |
| CN206418156U (en) * | 2017-01-16 | 2017-08-18 | 兰州兰石重型装备股份有限公司 | 904L+Q345R pressure container of composite board end socket is heat-treated cooler |
| CN107119176A (en) * | 2017-04-20 | 2017-09-01 | 共享铸钢有限公司 | Improve the heat treatment method and steel-casting of steel-casting mechanical property |
| CN108251745A (en) * | 2018-01-30 | 2018-07-06 | 舞阳钢铁有限责任公司 | A kind of high pressure resistant boiler drum steel plate of big thickness high-purity and its production method |
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS52156709A (en) * | 1976-06-23 | 1977-12-27 | Nippon Steel Corp | Dehydrogenizing cooling of high temperature steel material |
| CN105803329A (en) * | 2016-05-27 | 2016-07-27 | 舞阳钢铁有限责任公司 | Heavy Q345D steel plate for nuclear power and production method thereof |
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