CN109020771A - A kind of preparation method of heat-resisting anti-caking ammonium nitrate - Google Patents

A kind of preparation method of heat-resisting anti-caking ammonium nitrate Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109020771A
CN109020771A CN201810996725.9A CN201810996725A CN109020771A CN 109020771 A CN109020771 A CN 109020771A CN 201810996725 A CN201810996725 A CN 201810996725A CN 109020771 A CN109020771 A CN 109020771A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
ammonium nitrate
heat
parts
resisting anti
caking
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Pending
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CN201810996725.9A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
刘菊花
张鑫
史志新
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Foshan Chao Hung New Mstar Technology Ltd
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Foshan Chao Hung New Mstar Technology Ltd
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Priority to CN201810996725.9A priority Critical patent/CN109020771A/en
Publication of CN109020771A publication Critical patent/CN109020771A/en
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06BEXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B45/00Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product
    • C06B45/18Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising a coated component
    • C06B45/30Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising a coated component the component base containing an inorganic explosive or an inorganic thermic component
    • C06B45/32Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising a coated component the component base containing an inorganic explosive or an inorganic thermic component the coating containing an organic compound
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06BEXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B21/00Apparatus or methods for working-up explosives, e.g. forming, cutting, drying
    • C06B21/0083Treatment of solid structures, e.g. for coating or impregnating with a modifier
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06BEXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B31/00Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt
    • C06B31/28Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt the salt being ammonium nitrate
    • C06B31/30Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt the salt being ammonium nitrate with vegetable matter; with resin; with rubber

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of preparation methods of heat-resisting anti-caking ammonium nitrate, belong to energetic material technical field.The present invention is combined as the covering material of ammonium nitrate by aminomethyl polystyrene resin and isocyanuric acid three-glycidyl ester, heat-resisting anti-caking ammonium nitrate is prepared by vacuum crystallization granulation, vacuum crystallization is the recrystallization process under specified conditions, it is crystallized with cooling down and two processes being concentrated, under vacuum conditions, the decline of solution boiling point, spontaneous evaporation is carried out using solution potential itself, and improve solution concentration reduces with temperature, then solution enters hypersaturated state, lead to that crystallization is precipitated rapidly, decline solution degree of supersaturation in crystallization process, and with release crystallization heat, solution evaporation is promoted to carry out again, solution is constantly evaporating in this way, constantly generate crystallization, final full utilization crystallizes thermal evaporation whole moisture and obtains dry ammonium nitrate;Heat-resisting anti-caking ammonium nitrate prepared by the present invention, hydroscopicity is low, and heat sensitivity is high, has a vast market foreground.

Description

A kind of preparation method of heat-resisting anti-caking ammonium nitrate
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation methods of heat-resisting anti-caking ammonium nitrate, belong to energetic material technical field.
Background technique
Ammonium nitrate be it is a kind of be most easy to get to generally the least expensive oxidant.As energetic material, it has oxygen balance height (OB= + 20%) advantages such as, burning is smokeless, sensitivity is low.The propellant powder of nitric acid ammonium is with ballistic performance is good, impetus is high, ignition temperature The features such as low.The propellant of nitric acid ammonium has the characteristics that burning is smokeless, combustion gas characteristic signal is low, low pollution.As in gunpowder Oxidant, the maximum advantage of ammonium nitrate is exactly to have a safety feature.Its impact sensitivity and friction sensitivity are extremely low, are in pressure Under 4.35MPa, 90 ° of pivot angles, friction sensitivity explosion percentage is zero, and compression leg load is also reactionless to 36kgf;Feel for hitting Degree, is dropped hammer, drop height 2m does not also react with 10kg.Gunslinging sensitivity is also extremely low, and cartridge shooting experiment 100% is not reacted.In thermal sensation In degree test, the 5s bursting point of ammonium nitrate has reached 475 DEG C, higher than 465 DEG C of TNT.So greatly developing low rapid wear at present Under the background of property ammunition, ammonium nitrate becomes the hot spot of research again.
However, there are also serious defects for ammonium nitrate, such as ignition performance is poor, burning as the oxidant in gunpowder Speed is low and hygroscopicity is high, its application is caused to be very limited.In general, being about by the propellant burning rate of oxidant of ammonium nitrate 1mm/s, maintaining the minimum pressure of burning is about 5MPa.The thrust that so low burn rate will lead to engine is very low, rocket (or lead Bullet) flying speed it is low;And the strength of materials that excessively high combustion pressure will lead to combustion chamber must improve, and increase engine Design difficulty.In addition, ammonium nitrate has strong hygroscopicity, it is highly soluble in water.Its plane of crystal has the thin cavernous structure of crinosity, tool There are biggish specific surface and residual stress field, this just makes ammonium nitrate have very strong suction-operated to hydrone.So using When ammonium nitrate, it is necessary to carry out water-proofing treatment to it.
A crucial method for solving ammonium nitrate combustibility difference is exactly by its fine.It is fired after ammonium nitrate fine Speed can increase considerably, and maintain the pressure of burning that can also significantly reduce.Currently, the method for refinement ammonium nitrate is mainly air-flow crushing Method.Ammonium nitrate can be crushed to 10 μm or less by air-flow crushing.But the risk of air-flow crushing ammonium nitrate is very high.Ammonium nitrate is in height It is easy to set off an explosion when striking target plate under the drive of fast air-flow.Moreover, the accumulation of static electricity in Crushing with Jet Mill is also easy Cause Explosion of Ammonium Nitrate.So comminution by gas stream prepares ultra-fine ammonium nitrate, there is no expanded.In addition, reducing ammonium nitrate moisture absorption Property method be mainly surface cladding.There are many this kind of report.However, what these researchs were unfolded both for bulky grain ammonium nitrate, Ultra-fine ammonium nitrate is not exclusively applicable in.And the hygroscopicity of ultra-fine ammonium nitrate is much larger than the ammonium nitrate of bulky grain, it is therefore necessary to adopt With better anti-moisture absorption method come the phenomenon that preventing ultra-fine ammonium nitrate from agglomerating in air.
Summary of the invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention: for existing ammonium nitrate ignition performance it is poor, burning speed low and hygroscopicity it is high The problem of, provide a kind of preparation method of heat-resisting anti-caking ammonium nitrate.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is that:
(1) according to parts by weight, 30~50 parts of aminomethyl polystyrene resins are weighed respectively, 20~30 parts of isocyanuric acids three shrink Glyceride, 40~70 parts of methylene chloride, 6~12 parts of triethylamines, 1~10 part of Anhydrous potassium carbonate, by aminomethyl polystyrene resin It is uniformly mixed with methylene chloride, stands 1~2h, obtain suspension, sequentially add triethylamine and Anhydrous potassium carbonate, stir process obtains Mixed liquor is added isocyanuric acid three-glycidyl ester and is cooled to room temperature mixed liquor heating water bath reflow treatment, filters to obtain filter Filter residue is carried out washing and drying treatment, is cooled to room temperature to get covering material by slag;
(2) according to parts by weight, 40~70 parts of ammonium nitrate, 30~50 parts of covering materials, 4~7 parts of deionized waters, 10 are weighed respectively ~20 parts of surfactants, ammonium nitrate and deionized water are uniformly mixed, and obtain compound, are added surfactant, stir process, Blend is obtained, covering material is added, continues 2~4h of stirring, obtains presoma, presoma is placed in revolving drum granulator at granulation Reason, obtains heat-resisting anti-caking ammonium nitrate.
Stir process described in step (1) is that low whipping speed is 3~5h of stirring under 60~80r/min at room temperature.
Heating water bath reflow treatment described in step (1) be by mixed liquor at 130~150 DEG C water-bath be heated to reflux 60~ 90min。
Washing and drying treatment described in step (1) is successively to be cleaned filter residue 1~2 time with ether and tetrahydrofuran, must be cleaned Filter residue is dried at being 40~60 DEG C in temperature to constant weight.
Surfactant described in step (2) is neopelex, lauryl sodium sulfate, glycerol monostearate Any combination in ester, lauryl glucoside.
Stir process described in step (2) is that low whipping speed is 20~40min of stirring under 200~300r/min.
Granulation treatment conditions described in step (2) are as follows: revolving speed be 20~40r/min, vacuum degree be 0.085~ 0.098MPa, time are 8~12min, and temperature is 110~130 DEG C.
The present invention is compared with other methods, and advantageous effects are:
(1) present invention is combined as the cladding of ammonium nitrate by aminomethyl polystyrene resin and isocyanuric acid three-glycidyl ester Material prepares heat-resisting anti-caking ammonium nitrate by vacuum crystallization granulation, and isocyanuric acid three-glycidyl ester is a kind of crystalloid Heterocyclic epoxy compounds, three epoxy groups are very active, can in polyester resin hydroxyl carry out high density crosslinking.Heterocycle is again very steady It is fixed, there is excellent heat resistance, weatherability, light resistance, corrosion resistance, chemical resistance and mechanical performance, polystyrene tree Rouge has good burning performance, inflammable, from burning away after fire, so that the covering material of preparation is heat-resist, and easy firing;Vacuum crystallization It is the recrystallization process under specified conditions, is crystallized with cooling down and two processes being concentrated, when ammonium nitrate solution enters vacuum knot After brilliant machine, under vacuum conditions, the decline of solution boiling point carries out spontaneous evaporation using solution potential itself, and improves solution concentration It is reduced with temperature, then solution enters hypersaturated state, leads to that crystallization is precipitated rapidly, makes solution supersaturated in crystallization process Degree decline, and with release crystallization heat, and solution evaporation is promoted to carry out, such solution is constantly evaporating, and constantly generates crystallization, most Full utilization crystallizes thermal evaporation whole moisture and obtains dry ammonium nitrate eventually;
(2) surfactant being added in the present invention has special amphiphilic structure, and when it is acted in solution, solute molecule can To be arranged in the form of " micella " oriented and orderedly, the surface tension of solution is reduced, when it acts on Crystallization Process can be effectively Crystallization direction is controlled, can effectively improve the surface characteristic of particle when it acts on particle surface, surfactant is easy to inhale It is attached on newborn ammonium nitrate crystals surface, significantly reduce caking capacity improves with hygroscopicity.
Specific embodiment
According to parts by weight, 30~50 parts of aminomethyl polystyrene resins are weighed respectively, 20~30 parts of isocyanuric acids three contract Water glyceride, 40~70 parts of methylene chloride, 6~12 parts of triethylamines, 1~10 part of Anhydrous potassium carbonate, by aminomethyl polystyrene tree Rouge and methylene chloride are uniformly mixed, and are stood 1~2h, are obtained suspension, sequentially add triethylamine and Anhydrous potassium carbonate, stirring at room temperature Mixing speed is that 3~5h is stirred under 60~80r/min, obtains mixed liquor, and isocyanuric acid three-glycidyl ester is added, mixed liquor is existed Water-bath is heated to reflux 60~90min at 130~150 DEG C, is cooled to room temperature, and filters to obtain filter residue, successively uses ether and tetrahydrofuran Cleaning filter residue 1~2 time, obtains cleaning filter residue, dries at being 40~60 DEG C in temperature to constant weight, is cooled to room temperature to get cladding material Material;According to parts by weight, 40~70 parts of ammonium nitrate, 30~50 parts of covering materials, 4~7 parts of deionized waters, 10~20 are weighed respectively Part surfactant, ammonium nitrate and deionized water are uniformly mixed, and obtain compound, and surfactant is added, and low whipping speed is 20~40min is stirred under 200~300r/min, obtains blend, and covering material is added, continues 2~4h of stirring, obtains presoma, it will Presoma is placed in granulation in revolving drum granulator and handles, and obtains heat-resisting anti-caking ammonium nitrate;The granulation treatment conditions are as follows: revolving speed is 20~40r/min, vacuum degree are 0.085~0.098MPa, and the time is 8~12min, and temperature is 110~130 DEG C.
Example 1
According to parts by weight, 30 parts of aminomethyl polystyrene resins, 20 parts of isocyanuric acid three-glycidyl esters, 40 parts are weighed respectively Methylene chloride, 6 parts of triethylamines, 1 part of Anhydrous potassium carbonate, aminomethyl polystyrene resin and methylene chloride are uniformly mixed, and are stood 1h obtains suspension, sequentially adds triethylamine and Anhydrous potassium carbonate, and low whipping speed is to stir 3h under 60r/min at room temperature, obtains mixed Liquid is closed, isocyanuric acid three-glycidyl ester is added, by mixed liquor, water-bath is heated to reflux 60min at 130 DEG C, it is cooled to room temperature, Filter residue is filtered to obtain, is successively cleaned filter residue 1 time with ether and tetrahydrofuran, obtains cleaning filter residue, is dried at being 40 DEG C in temperature to perseverance Weight, is cooled to room temperature to get covering material;According to parts by weight, weigh respectively 40 parts of ammonium nitrate, 30 parts of covering materials, 4 parts go Ionized water, 10 parts of surfactants, ammonium nitrate and deionized water are uniformly mixed, and obtain compound, and surfactant is added, is stirring Mixing speed is to stir 20min under 200r/min, obtains blend, covering material is added, and continues to stir 2h, presoma is obtained, by forerunner Body is placed in granulation in revolving drum granulator and handles, and obtains heat-resisting anti-caking ammonium nitrate;The granulation treatment conditions are as follows: revolving speed 20r/ Min, vacuum degree 0.085MPa, time 8min, temperature are 110 DEG C.
Example 2
According to parts by weight, 40 parts of aminomethyl polystyrene resins, 25 parts of isocyanuric acid three-glycidyl esters, 55 parts are weighed respectively Methylene chloride, 9 parts of triethylamines, 6 parts of Anhydrous potassium carbonates, aminomethyl polystyrene resin and methylene chloride are uniformly mixed, and are stood 1.5h obtains suspension, sequentially adds triethylamine and Anhydrous potassium carbonate, and low whipping speed is to stir 4h under 70r/min at room temperature, obtains Isocyanuric acid three-glycidyl ester is added in mixed liquor, and by mixed liquor, water-bath is heated to reflux 75min at 140 DEG C, is cooled to room Temperature filters to obtain filter residue, is successively cleaned filter residue 1 time with ether and tetrahydrofuran, obtains cleaning filter residue, dries extremely at being 50 DEG C in temperature Constant weight is cooled to room temperature to get covering material;According to parts by weight, 55 parts of ammonium nitrate, 40 parts of covering materials, 6 parts are weighed respectively Deionized water, 15 parts of surfactants, ammonium nitrate and deionized water are uniformly mixed, and obtain compound, and surfactant is added, Mixing speed is to stir 30min under 250r/min, obtains blend, covering material is added, and continues to stir 3h, obtains presoma, will before It drives body and is placed in granulation processing in revolving drum granulator, obtain heat-resisting anti-caking ammonium nitrate;The granulation treatment conditions are as follows: revolving speed is 30r/min, vacuum degree 0.091MPa, time 10min, temperature are 120 DEG C.
Example 3
According to parts by weight, 50 parts of aminomethyl polystyrene resins, 30 parts of isocyanuric acid three-glycidyl esters, 70 parts are weighed respectively Methylene chloride, 12 parts of triethylamines, 10 parts of Anhydrous potassium carbonates, aminomethyl polystyrene resin and methylene chloride are uniformly mixed, quiet 2h is set, suspension is obtained, sequentially adds triethylamine and Anhydrous potassium carbonate, low whipping speed is to stir 5h under 80r/min at room temperature, is obtained Isocyanuric acid three-glycidyl ester is added in mixed liquor, and by mixed liquor, water-bath is heated to reflux 90min at 150 DEG C, is cooled to room Temperature filters to obtain filter residue, is successively cleaned filter residue 2 times with ether and tetrahydrofuran, obtains cleaning filter residue, dries extremely at being 60 DEG C in temperature Constant weight is cooled to room temperature to get covering material;According to parts by weight, 70 parts of ammonium nitrate, 50 parts of covering materials, 7 parts are weighed respectively Deionized water, 20 parts of surfactants, ammonium nitrate and deionized water are uniformly mixed, and obtain compound, and surfactant is added, Mixing speed is to stir 40min under 300r/min, obtains blend, covering material is added, and continues to stir 4h, obtains presoma, will before It drives body and is placed in granulation processing in revolving drum granulator, obtain heat-resisting anti-caking ammonium nitrate;The granulation treatment conditions are as follows: revolving speed is 40r/min, vacuum degree 0.098MPa, time 12min, temperature are 130 DEG C.
Heat-resisting anti-caking ammonium nitrate prepared by the present invention and commercially available ammonium nitrate are detected, specific testing result is as follows Table table 1:
Detection method:
(1) hydroscopicity test of the present invention is anti-according to moisture absorption in national military standard " explosive test method " (GJB772A-97) method 404.2 Device balancing method is answered to carry out.
(2) heat sensitivity test of the present invention is according to quick-fried in national military standard " explosive test method " (GJB772A-97) method 606.1 Point 5s extension method is sent out to carry out.
Specific testing result is shown in Table 1.
The heat-resisting anti-caking ammonium nitrate performance characterization of table 1
Heat-resisting anti-caking ammonium nitrate prepared by the present invention as shown in Table 1, hydroscopicity is low, and heat sensitivity is high, and excellent combination property has Wide market value and application prospect.

Claims (7)

1. a kind of preparation method of heat-resisting anti-caking ammonium nitrate, it is characterised in that specific steps are as follows:
(1) according to parts by weight, 30~50 parts of aminomethyl polystyrene resins are weighed respectively, 20~30 parts of isocyanuric acids three shrink Glyceride, 40~70 parts of methylene chloride, 6~12 parts of triethylamines, 1~10 part of Anhydrous potassium carbonate, by aminomethyl polystyrene resin It is uniformly mixed with methylene chloride, stands 1~2h, obtain suspension, sequentially add triethylamine and Anhydrous potassium carbonate, stir process obtains Mixed liquor is added isocyanuric acid three-glycidyl ester and is cooled to room temperature mixed liquor heating water bath reflow treatment, filters to obtain filter Filter residue is carried out washing and drying treatment, is cooled to room temperature to get covering material by slag;
(2) according to parts by weight, 40~70 parts of ammonium nitrate, 30~50 parts of covering materials, 4~7 parts of deionized waters, 10 are weighed respectively ~20 parts of surfactants, ammonium nitrate and deionized water are uniformly mixed, and obtain compound, are added surfactant, stir process, Blend is obtained, covering material is added, continues 2~4h of stirring, obtains presoma, presoma is placed in revolving drum granulator at granulation Reason, obtains heat-resisting anti-caking ammonium nitrate.
2. a kind of preparation method of heat-resisting anti-caking ammonium nitrate according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: step (1) institute The stir process stated is that low whipping speed is 3~5h of stirring under 60~80r/min at room temperature.
3. a kind of preparation method of heat-resisting anti-caking ammonium nitrate according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: step (1) institute The heating water bath reflow treatment stated is that water-bath is heated to reflux 60~90min at 130~150 DEG C by mixed liquor.
4. a kind of preparation method of heat-resisting anti-caking ammonium nitrate according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: step (1) institute The washing and drying treatment stated is successively to clean filter residue 1~2 time with ether and tetrahydrofuran, obtains cleaning filter residue, temperature for 40~ It dries at 60 DEG C to constant weight.
5. a kind of preparation method of heat-resisting anti-caking ammonium nitrate according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: step (2) institute The surfactant stated is neopelex, in lauryl sodium sulfate, glycerin monostearate, lauryl glucoside Any combination.
6. a kind of preparation method of heat-resisting anti-caking ammonium nitrate according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: step (2) institute The stir process stated is that low whipping speed is 20~40min of stirring under 200~300r/min.
7. a kind of preparation method of heat-resisting anti-caking ammonium nitrate according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: step (2) institute The granulation treatment conditions stated are as follows: revolving speed is 20~40r/min, and vacuum degree is 0.085~0.098MPa, and the time is 8~12min, Temperature is 110~130 DEG C.
CN201810996725.9A 2018-08-29 2018-08-29 A kind of preparation method of heat-resisting anti-caking ammonium nitrate Pending CN109020771A (en)

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0330637A1 (en) * 1988-02-22 1989-08-30 Nitro Nobel Aktiebolag Blasting composition
CN105111033A (en) * 2015-08-20 2015-12-02 福建海峡科化股份有限公司 Porous granular ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive and preparation method thereof
CN107381599A (en) * 2017-09-08 2017-11-24 天津华景化工新技术开发有限公司 A kind of bulky grain ammonium nitrate products and preparation method thereof

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0330637A1 (en) * 1988-02-22 1989-08-30 Nitro Nobel Aktiebolag Blasting composition
CN105111033A (en) * 2015-08-20 2015-12-02 福建海峡科化股份有限公司 Porous granular ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive and preparation method thereof
CN107381599A (en) * 2017-09-08 2017-11-24 天津华景化工新技术开发有限公司 A kind of bulky grain ammonium nitrate products and preparation method thereof

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
张杰等: "硝酸铵的吸湿性研究", 《火炸药学报》 *
殷永霞等: "微胶囊技术在硝酸铵改性中的应用", 《辽宁化工》 *

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