CN109020376A - High altitudes and cold area plant cover concrete freeze thawing resistance substrate and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High altitudes and cold area plant cover concrete freeze thawing resistance substrate and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN109020376A CN109020376A CN201810981640.3A CN201810981640A CN109020376A CN 109020376 A CN109020376 A CN 109020376A CN 201810981640 A CN201810981640 A CN 201810981640A CN 109020376 A CN109020376 A CN 109020376A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
- C04B28/04—Portland cements
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00758—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 for agri-, sylvi- or piscicultural or cattle-breeding applications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/20—Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack
- C04B2111/29—Frost-thaw resistance
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/76—Use at unusual temperatures, e.g. sub-zero
Abstract
A kind of high altitudes and cold area plant cover concrete freeze thawing resistance substrate and preparation method thereof, the fields such as the steep rock slope Ecological Restoration Works of height, abandoned mine ecological recovery applied to high altitudes and cold area.This method is first to be uniformly mixed according to a ratio Alpine Meadow, plant cover concrete green additive AB bacterium, compound potassium sulfate fertilizer, monoammonium phosphate, the freeze proof species of mixing, obtains plant mixture；Then it is uniformly mixed with alkali-resistant glass fibre, bisphenol A type epoxy resin, SILICA FUME, dimethyl silicone polymer, pure clinker aggregate portland cement, hydroxymethyl cellulose, high-efficiency water-reducing agent of poly-carboxylic acid, polylactic acid, Ecoflex, obtain plant cover concrete jetting material, it is sprayed with hydroseeder in slope surface, not only with growing plant but also freeze injury can be reduced, and promoted plant cover concrete in high altitudes and cold area and resists repeatedly " Frozen-thawed cycled " without fatigue, the property destroyed.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the steep rock slope restoration of the ecosystem fields of the height in high altitudes and cold area, and in particular to one kind is for height
Cold high altitude localities plant cover concrete freeze thawing resistance substrate and preparation method thereof.
Background technique
With deepening continuously for Ecological Civilization Construction, the existing ecological protection in China achieves noticeable achievement, and National land space is developed
To whole plan, ecological environment treatment is obviously reinforced." abandoned mine Geological environment treatment and recovery ", " it is raw that highway is damaged side slope
The projects such as state reparation ", " environmental protection of sources of three rivers ecologically fragile areas " are gradually spread out, and the range of ecological recovery is northwestwards done from south
Nonirrigated farmland area, high altitudes and cold area extend, and difficulty is also expanded from level land to high gradient slope field, for this kind of high gradient slope ecology
Recovery technology demand is consequently increased.High altitudes and cold area, which refers under height above sea level, long-term low temperature, soil, has frozen soil layer long-term
There are Heilongjiang Province the north, Qinghai-Tibet Platean, Gansu, Shanxi, the Inner Mongol and cloud in the mountain area that do not change, the more region of Chinese extremely frigid zones
Southern region-by-region.
Plant cover concrete technology is the technology for high gradient slope ecological protection, which can effectively solve various high steep naked
Reveal rock slope revegetation problem.Because it has wide range of applications, effect is preferable, it has been referred to high altitudes and cold area, but
The plant cover concrete of injection cannot solve the problems, such as always freeze injury very well.Because of these areas, the duration in winter is generally 4~6
Month, and monthly mean temperature is lower, causes pioneer freeze injury serious, plant cover concrete substrate layer is in high altitudes and cold area slope
After 3-5, it is also easy to happen freeze-thaw erosion peeling phenomenon, maintenance capacity is big.So the vegetation coagulation in high altitudes and cold area
How soil chooses the anti-Freezing of adaptation, is the problem that those skilled in the art extremely pay close attention to.
Domestic experts and scholars have had carried out some research, and such as 2014 by Liu great Xiang, patent " one kind of text year invention perhaps
Its core way of freeze proof habitat substrate and preparation method thereof for extremely frigid zones " is that nanometer Al is added2O3, Nano-meter SiO_22, jute
Fiber, palm leaf sheath fiber, powdered air entraining agent.Disadvantage is that the nanometer Al of application2O3, Nano-meter SiO_22It is sintering
Auxiliary agent, cement concrete are a kind of public building materials, and dosage is big, the research being modified using nanotechnology to cement, it is expected into
One step improves the microstructure of cement, but cost is high in heavy construction application, and effect is very little, with making moderate progress but not
It is enough to solve the problems, such as the freeze thawing in a large amount of engineer applications.In addition the addition of fiber, the addition of air entraining agent, increase many gaps,
And this partial hole and the aquation of cement granules are in close relations, it is a small amount of to add the closely knit effect that play to water mudrock structure, but week
The place that encloses and will form harmful hole aggregation leads to the decline of cement water suction frost resistance quickly.
In addition a kind of research, belongs to cast-in-place concrete field, such as the patent " one frequently invented by Li Jialiang, Yan scholar in 2013
Kind the construction method of high altitudes and cold area concrete is poured for winter ", it discloses and a kind of pours high and cold high sea for winter
The construction method of area concrete is pulled out, some freeze proof measures of external heat preservation before mainly pouring operation, not additive
Ecological environment scope in conjunction with plant；In addition there are also the normal concrete antifreezes applied in some construction materials, such as 2014
" a kind of antifreeze agent for concrete " that Nian Youlu will is invented by force is not used in the invention of growing plant class, and core way is that sulfuric acid is added
Sodium, sodium nitrite, sodium chloride salt, the purpose is to reduce liquid phase freezing point, but be not belonging to plant cover concrete restoration of the ecosystem model
Farmland is not used to ecological environmental protection, does not compare herein.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is being directed to the deficiency and defect of above-mentioned plant cover concrete anti-freezing property, provide it is a kind of completely new,
Low cost is suitable for high altitudes and cold area plant cover concrete freeze thawing resistance substrate and preparation method thereof, promotes plant cover concrete and supports
Anti- repeatedly " Frozen-thawed cycled " is without fatigue, the property destroyed.
In order to solve the above technical problem, the present invention provides a kind of high altitudes and cold area plant cover concrete freeze thawing resistance bases
Material, including following component by weight: 6~9 parts of alkali-resistant glass fibre, 4~6 parts of bisphenol A type epoxy resin, SILICA FUME 5
~10 parts, 4~6 parts of dimethyl silicone polymer, 10~20 parts of Portland clinker, hydroxymethyl cellulose 0.015~0.021
Part, 1~2 part of high-efficiency water-reducing agent of poly-carboxylic acid, 0.27~0.31 part of polylactic acid, Ecoflex0.22~0.26 part, Alpine Meadow
180~260 parts, 5~10 parts of plant cover concrete green additive AB bacterium, 3~4 parts of compound potassium sulfate fertilizer, 3~4 parts of monoammonium phosphate
Freeze proof species 0.08-0.1 parts with mixing.
Preferably in scheme, 7 parts of alkali-resistant glass fibre, 5 parts of bisphenol A type epoxy resin, 9 parts of SILICA FUME, poly dimethyl silicon
5 parts of oxygen alkane, 20 parts of Portland clinker, 0.017 part of hydroxymethyl cellulose, 2 parts of high-efficiency water-reducing agent of poly-carboxylic acid, polylactic acid 0.28
Part, Ecoflex0.26 parts, 220 parts of Alpine Meadow, 6 parts of plant cover concrete green additive AB bacterium, 4 parts of compound potassium sulfate fertilizer,
4 parts of monoammonium phosphate freeze proof 0.94 part of species with mixing.
Further, the freeze proof species of mixing are using 1~2 part of Qinghai-Tibet wormwood artemisia, 1~2 part of short wormwood artemisia, 1~2 part of splendid achnatherum, blueness
It is 1~2 part of extra large sand-binding grass, 1~2 part of Elymus nutans, 1~2 part of Festuca sinensis, 1~2 part of cool-zone turfgrasses, 1~2 part of wheatgrass, old
1~2 part of awns wheat, 1~2 part of spire Stipa capillata, 1~2 part of buffalograss, 1~2 part of Rhizoma Et Radix Notopterygii, 1~2 part of sea-buckthorn, high suspend mode grade Alfalfa 1
At least five kinds of grass seeds in~2 parts.In optinal plan, the freeze proof species of mixing are Qinghai-Tibet wormwood artemisia, short wormwood artemisia, splendid achnatherum, wheatgrass and height
Suspend mode grade Alfalfa.
Further, the suspend mode rank of the high suspend mode grade Alfalfa is at 1-3 grades.
Further, every kind of ingredient in the freeze proof species of mixing imports COR gene and antifreeze protein, is resisted
Freeze the freeze proof species group of mixing of stability of characteristics.
Further, 2.4~2.7g/cm of the alkali-resistant glass fibre density3, tensile strength is 6.3 in normal conditions
~6.9g/d, 5.4~5.8g/d of moisture state.
Further, the bisphenol A type epoxy resin, 0.18~0.22eq/100g of epoxide number, softening point 64~76
DEG C, organochlorine≤0.02mol/100g, inorganic chlorine≤0.001mol/100g.
Further, the SILICA FUME, fineness account for 80% or more less than 1 μm, and average grain diameter compares table at 0.1-0.3 μm
Area are as follows: 20~28m2/g.
Further, in the Portland clinker, clinker moduli requires KH=0.90 ± 0.02, silicon rate n=1.80
± 0.10 clinker mineral composition requirement C3S < 54.0%C2S > 20%C3A < 6.0%C4AF > of ± 0.10, iron rate p=0.90
14.0%, alkali content is 0.60% hereinafter, free calcium oxide f-CaO is below 1.0%.
The invention further relates to the preparation methods of the high altitudes and cold area plant cover concrete freeze thawing resistance substrate, including with
Lower step:
1) the every kind of ingredient mixed in freeze proof species imports COR gene and antifreeze protein, and it is stable to obtain antifreeze properties
Mix freeze proof species group；
2) Alpine Meadow is sieved, ice and snow scars must not be contained；Then by the resulting freeze proof species of mixing of step 1)
Group mixes the high and cold grass after sieving with plant cover concrete green additive AB bacterium, compound potassium sulfate fertilizer, monoammonium phosphate according to the proportion
In the soil of pasture, plant mixture is obtained；
3) by the resulting plant mixture of step 2) and alkali-resistant glass fibre, bisphenol A type epoxy resin, SILICA FUME, poly- two
Methylsiloxane, Portland clinker, hydroxymethyl cellulose, high-efficiency water-reducing agent of poly-carboxylic acid, polylactic acid, Ecoflex mixing are equal
It is even, obtain high altitudes and cold area plant cover concrete freeze thawing resistance substrate.
Frozen-thawed cycled effect is chief destructive factor of the plant cover concrete in high altitudes and cold area, especially in side slope piping
Position is developed with crevice water, internal stress is generated in plant cover concrete when frost, promotes crack progressing, short texture, until surface layer
It peels off or entirety is disintegrated.Freeze-thaw damage is the reason is that occur volume expansion, when expansive force is more than it after water freezing in plant cover concrete
When tensile strength, plant cover concrete is just made to generate microscopic checks, multigelation crack constantly extends, and leads to plant cover concrete intensity
Decrease up to destruction.
The invention has the following advantages:
1, using alkali-resistant glass fibre (AR), coefficient of elasticity is high, rigidity is good.High mechanical strength, maximum feature are tensions
Intensity is big, therefore it is big to absorb impact energy.For 100% inorfil, chemical resistance is good.It is highly resistant to high alkaloid substance in cement
It corrodes, bond stress is strong, and elasticity modulus, tension, bending strength are high, and freeze proof, cracking resistance, resistance to temperature, humidity changing capability are strong.Because of it
Water imbibition is small, reduces water content after mixing plant cover concrete.Because common plant fiber is easy a large amount of saturation water suctions, and cannot release
It puts, causes plant cover concrete winter water content big, by freeze-thaw damage.
2, the bisphenol A type epoxy resin used, it is very strong to the adhesions of a variety of materials, have very strong chemical corrosion resistance,
Mechanical strength is very high, can solidify within the scope of comparatively wide temperature, and volume contraction is small when solidification.Bisphenol type epoxy tree
Rouge is condensed under alkaline condition by bisphenol-A, epoxychloropropane, through washing, the refined high-molecular compound of desolventizing.Cause
With good physical mechanical property, in plant cover concrete using in PZ-5 pulp shooting machine sprayed construction, it is not easy to be destroyed.
3, the SILICA FUME used is ferroalloy in smelting duriron and industrial silicon (metallic silicon), is produced in ore-smelting electric furnace big
Measure the very strong SiO of volatility2With Si gas, precipitated after gas discharge with the condensation of air rapid oxidation.It is big industrial smelting
By-product in refining, whole process needs to be recycled with dedusting environment friendly equipment, because density is smaller, plant cover concrete is added super
After thin silicon powder, density of texture, associativity, filling stomata performance all obtain different degrees of raising, being capable of filling concrete
The hole of intergranular, while gelinite is generated with hydrated product, it is reacted with basic matterial magnesia and generates gelinite.
4, the dimethyl silicone polymer (PDMS) used, host agent and curing agent are with mass ratio 10:1 ratio, reaction process nSi
(CH3)2Cl2+nH2O→[Si(CH3)2O]n+2nHCl.Because its is at low cost, using simple, and there is good chemical inertness etc.
Feature becomes a kind of widely applied polymer material, is one kind of organosilicon.The processing procedure of dimethyl siloxane is easy and fast
Speed, and its biocompatibility is good, easily engages with various material room temperature, after mixing plant cover concrete, improves tiny material particles
Between adhesiveness, effectively resist low temperature freezing-disaster.
5, the Portland clinker used, domestic and international cement frost resistance sequence are as follows: Portland clinker > common
Portland cement > portland slag cement > volcanic ash (flyash) portland cement.Improve the freezing and thawing performance of cement itself again
Other physical and chemical indexes are not influenced, then must change the mineral composition of clinker, and to reduce the heat of hydration of cement, simultaneous selection is suitable
The proportion of manufacture of cement ingredient: calcareous raw material CaO content is greater than 50%；Clayey raw material alkali content is lower than 1.0%；Irony is former
Expect Fe2O3Content 55.0-62.0%；Ash is lower than 26.5%, fineness of pulverized coal 0.08mm.Liquid phase freezing point is significantly reduced, ring can be met
The construction and production of -5 DEG C of border minimum temperature need.15% or more water-reducing rate, the 50nm~100nm to play an important role to frost resistance
Hole and average pore size have minimum point 35% or so.
6, the hydroxymethyl cellulose used, purity M.W.90000 (DS=0.7), 50-100mPa.s, density 1.6g/cm3,
Solubility H2O:20mg/mL, acidity coefficient (pKa) 4.30 (25 DEG C of at), 1% pH value of water solution are 6.5~8.0.It is incorporated into
After plant cover concrete, play thickening, stable；Belong to texturizers, gelling agent；With viscosity, protecting colloid, can mention
The concrete grout fluid of high longitudinal strength and smoothness, preparation has good filtrate-loss control, inhibition, higher temperature tolerance,
Prevent the freeze thawing disintegration under the conditions of puna.
7, the high-efficiency water-reducing agent of poly-carboxylic acid used is one of cement concrete utilization cement dispersants, is widely applied
In all kinds of architectural engineerings.After mixing plant cover concrete mixture, there is good durability.It is close in Packing character, stability, intensity
It is excellent in terms of reality, Sulfate corrosion resistance, frost resistance.It is some that polycarboxylic acid series high efficiency water reducing agent overcomes conventional water reducing agents
Drawback, with volume is low, function of slump protection is good, concrete contraction percentage is low, adjustability is strong on molecular structure.
8, it is blended using polylactic acid (PLA) with Ecoflex, PLA is the novel biology base of one kind and recyclable organism degradation
Material, chemical formula (C3H4O2) n, CAS 26100-51-6 use reproducible plant resources (the not plump shell of such as cereal, straw, wheat
Stalk) starch raw material that is proposed is made.Starch raw material obtains glucose via saccharification, then by glucose and certain strain fermentation
The lactic acid of high-purity is made, then synthesizes the polylactic acid of certain molecular weight by chemical synthesis process.It can with good biology
Degradability, can be degradable under given conditions by microorganism in nature after use, ultimately generates carbon dioxide and water, not dirty
Environment is contaminated, this is highly beneficial to protection environment.
Ecoflex is also a kind of Biodegradable polyester, and mechanical performance is close with low density polyethylene (LDPE), and flexibility is good
It is good.Aliphatic aromatic atactic polyester manufactured by BASF Corp. of Germany can be selected.
Polylactic acid belongs to polyester, is lyophobic dust, reduces its bio-compatibility, degradation cycle is more difficult to control.It is poly-
Lactic acid strength and stiffness are higher, and toughening modifying must be carried out to polylactic acid by preparing flexible material.PLA/Ecoflex blending both had
Preferable tensile property and flexibility, and maintain the completely biodegradable of material.It is mixed that plant cover concrete is increased after incorporation
The ability for closing the flexibility and control discrete particles in the life cycle of material, hinders the freeze thawing disintegration of extremely frigid zones.PLA is to form sediment
The renewable resources such as powder are raw material, and final complete biodegradable is carbon dioxide and water, and meeting the ecology advocated now can hold
Continuous development strategy.
9, the freeze proof species of mixing used, have low temperature resistant, high survival rate, growth year is long, and it is complicated to adapt to plateau
Natural conditions.Though in view of highlands vegetation pattern complicated multiplicity, group is that internal composition is more single, mostly single advantage knot
Structure, hierarchical structure are simple.It builds population and sociales is obvious, companion species is few, and the primitiveness and fragility of vegetation are very prominent, portion
Region-by-region still keeps original landscape.For the climatic characteristic for adapting to high altitudes and cold, local dominant species is selected to carry out restoration of the ecosystem,
Wherein the populations such as Qinghai-Tibet wormwood, short wormwood, spire Stipa capillata are dominant species, and thick grass is short.The vertical fringe of association option of species drapes over one's shoulders alkali
Grass seeds, cool-zone turfgrasses grass seeds, wheatgrass, reach the coverage of early period, protect the formation of objective community.
Detailed description of the invention
The invention patent is described further with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples:
Fig. 1 is the line chart of plant cover concrete relative peak stress and number of freezing and thawing；
Fig. 2 is the line chart of plant cover concrete relative peak strain and freezing-thawing cycles；
Fig. 3 is the line chart of plant cover concrete dynamic modulus of elasticity and freezing-thawing cycles.
In figure: fcu is concrete 28d cubic compressive strength.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated below with reference to embodiment, but the scope of protection of present invention is not limited to embodiment
The range of statement.
Embodiment 1:
A kind of high altitudes and cold area plant cover concrete freeze thawing resistance substrate, including following component: alkali-resistant glass fibre 8kg,
Bisphenol A type epoxy resin 5kg, SILICA FUME 10kg, dimethyl silicone polymer 5kg, Portland clinker 10kg, hydroxylmethyl cellulose
Plain 0.015kg, high-efficiency water-reducing agent of poly-carboxylic acid 1kg, polylactic acid 0.27kg, Ecoflex0.22kg, Alpine Meadow 180kg, vegetation
Green additive for concrete AB bacterium 5kg, compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 3kg, monoammonium phosphate 3kg, Qinghai-Tibet wormwood kind 7g, short wormwood kind 6g,
Splendid achnatherum grass seeds 8g, Qinghai sand-binding grass grass seeds 7g, Elymus nutans kind 8g, Festuca sinensis grass seeds 12g, cool-zone turfgrasses grass seeds
1 grade of 5g, wheatgrass 6g, siberian wildrye 7g, spire Stipa capillata 2g, buffalograss 4g, Rhizoma Et Radix Notopterygii 2g, sea-buckthorn 8g, high suspend mode grade Alfalfa 12g.
In specific operation process, comprising the following steps:
1) the freeze proof species of breeding: first by targeted transgene improvement method, by Qinghai-Tibet wormwood, short wormwood, splendid achnatherum
Splendid achnatherum carelessly, Qinghai sand-binding grass, Elymus nutans, Festuca sinensis grass, cool-zone turfgrasses, wheatgrass, siberian wildrye, spire Stipa capillata, wild ox
Grass, Rhizoma Et Radix Notopterygii, sea-buckthorn, high suspend mode grade clover, are directed respectively into COR cold acclimation protein, AFPs Antifreeze protein gene, obtain antifreeze properties
The freeze proof species group of stable mixing.
COR gene is a kind of modificator gene of induction synthesis cold temperature induced protein, in the specified conditions such as low temperature and short-day
It is lower to be just able to start and express, and then cells show is made to go out cold hardiness.When plant is by low temperature stress, from experiencing low-temperature signal
To a series of biochemical reactions with cold tolerance and adjusting gene expression occur, there are a complicated signal network biographies
Guiding systems, pathway are as follows: CBF transcription factor (CRT/DRE Binding Factor1) → CRT/DRE motif → COR base
Because expression → plant cold resistance increases, i.e., transcriptional activity factor CBF is integrated on CRT/DRE motif, induction of COR gene table
It reaches, to improve the winter resistance of plant.Arabidopsis CBF1 gene belong to a CBF gene family include CBF1, CBF2,
CBF3, CBF4, CBF5 and CBF6, gene family member all have the function of improving plant cold resistance.CBF1 gene is transferred to
(Qinghai-Tibet wormwood, short wormwood, it is precarious carelessly, it is Qinghai sand-binding grass, Elymus nutans, Festuca sinensis grass, cool-zone turfgrasses, wheatgrass, old
Awns wheat, spire Stipa capillata, buffalograss, Rhizoma Et Radix Notopterygii, sea-buckthorn, high suspend mode grade clover) in genome, the winter resistance of transgenosis grass seeds has obviously
It improves.
Antifreeze protein (AFPs) is a kind of protein with heating stagnation curve and ice-crystal growth depression effect, can be with non-linear
The freezing point of form reduction aqueous solution.A kind of AFPs can be purified into from the carrot of cold-induction, it, will using CaMV35s promoter
In the above grass seeds of AFPs channel genes, the frost resistance of low-temperature treatment 2d, transgenosis grass seeds are obvious.
2) it prepares plant mixture: Alpine Meadow is sieved, must not be containing scars such as ice and snow, freezing block must smash.
Then by the freeze proof species group of the resulting mixing of step 1), plant cover concrete green additive AB bacterium, compound potassium sulfate fertilizer, phosphoric acid one
Ammonium is mixed after sieving according to the proportion in Alpine Meadow, obtains plant mixture；
3) plant cover concrete jetting material is prepared: by the resulting plant mixture of step 2) and alkali-resistant glass fibre, bisphenol A-type
Epoxy resin, SILICA FUME, dimethyl silicone polymer, Portland clinker, hydroxymethyl cellulose, high-efficiency water-reducing agent of poly-carboxylic acid,
Polylactic acid, Ecoflex are uniformly mixed, and obtain plant cover concrete jetting material (i.e. high altitudes and cold area plant cover concrete freeze thawing resistance
Substrate)；
4) spray plant cover concrete jetting material: by the resulting jetting material of step 3), using PZ-5 hydroseeder uniformly spray in
Slope surface.Slope surface need to spread to hang antiskid slow-release nutrient system (the present inventor's patent No.: ZL201620139389.2) and in advance
It is fixed in wire netting.It when sowing grass seeds by duster, adds water at the 1/4 of tank, switches on the pump, be allowed to rotate, add water, it is mixed that vegetation is then added
Solidifying soil jetting material.After stirring is sufficiently mixed slurries in 5-10 minutes, it can sow grass seeds by duster.Certain heat preservation must be assisted to arrange when use
It applies, plant cover concrete opening temperature is not less than 7 DEG C.
5) heat and moisture preserving: after injection plant cover concrete, immediately with the covering of the nutrition geotextiles of plastic cloth and 120g, add
Strong plant cover concrete heat preservation, moisturizing, at the same spray gibberellin, brassin is accelerated the growth of seedling and is taken root, curing time is many
In 60 days.
Through measuring, conserved at the standard conditions 28 days using the plant cover concrete that this preparation method makes, at -15 DEG C
It is tested after~20 DEG C of fast freeze-thaw 50 circulations, freezing-thawing test uses the automatic freezing-thawing test machine of japanese circle well, in air
It freezing, melts in water, test specimen mass loss rate is 5% after Frozen-thawed cycled, when dynamic modulus of elasticity declines 34%, compression limiting strain
Increase 20%.
In further preferred scheme, the 2.4~2.7g/cm of alkali-resistant glass fibre density3, tensile strength is in standard shape
It is 6.3~6.9g/d, 5.4~5.8g/d of moisture state under state.
In further preferred scheme, the bisphenol A type epoxy resin, 0.18~0.22eq/100g of epoxide number, softening point
64~76 DEG C, organochlorine≤0.02mol/100g, inorganic chlorine≤0.001mol/100g.
In further preferred scheme, the SILICA FUME, fineness accounts for 80% or more less than 1 μm, and average grain diameter is in 0.1-
0.3 μm, specific surface area are as follows: 20~28m2/g, fineness and specific surface area are about 80~100 times of cement, flyash 50~
70 times.
In further preferred scheme, the polydimethylsiloxane, host agent and curing agent are with mass ratio 10:1 ratio
Example, reaction process nSi (CH3)2Cl2+nH2O→[Si(CH3)2O]n+2nHCl。
In further preferred scheme, the pure clinker aggregate portland cement, clinker moduli requires KH=0.90 ± 0.02, silicon
Rate n=1.80 ± 0.10, ± 0.10 clinker mineral composition requirement C3S < 54.0%C2S > 20%C3A < of iron rate p=0.90
6.0%C4AF > 14.0%, alkali content is 0.60% hereinafter, free calcium oxide f-CaO is below 1.0%.
In further preferred scheme, the hydroxymethyl cellulose, density 1.6g/cm3, solubility H2O:20mg/mL, acid
It spends coefficient (pKa) 4.30 (25 DEG C of at), 1% aqueous solution Ph value is 6.5~8.0.
In further preferred scheme, the high-efficiency water-reducing agent of poly-carboxylic acid, when volume is 1.0% or so, water-reducing rate is more than
35%.Early strength improves 50% or more, and intensity improves 30% or more within 28 days, and 1h slump conservation rate is fine.
In further preferred scheme, the polylactic acid PLA is the novel biology base of one kind and recyclable organism degradation material
Material, 155-185 DEG C of fusing point, density 1.20-1.30kg/L, chemical formula (C3H4O2) n, CAS 26100-51-6.
In further preferred scheme, the Ecoflex, crystallization temperature is near 110 DEG C, and fusing point is at 130 DEG C or so,
Density is between 1.18g/ml~1.3g/ml.Crystallinity is probably 30% or so, and shore hardness is 85 or more.
In further preferred scheme, the Alpine Meadow is formed under the wormwood herbosa semi-moist of plateau subfrigid zone
Soil.The content of organic matter is up to 6-14%, and the ratio of humic acid and fulvic acid is close to 1.0, soil pH value 6.0-8.0, alkali
Saturation degree is higher.
In further preferred scheme, the plant cover concrete green additive AB bacterium uses the patent No.
The product that ZL201310627756.4 is obtained.
In preferred embodiment, the freeze proof species of the mixing are to adjust induction after importing cold acclimation protein and antifreeze protein and increase
The frost resistance of strong species.Antifreeze protein, molecular weight ranges are in 21.2~67.3kDa, heat stagnation activity 0.15~0.46, Activity of Antifreeze
In the concentration of 60mg/ml, freezing point be -111 activity it is much higher.
Embodiment 2:
A kind of high altitudes and cold area plant cover concrete freeze thawing resistance substrate, including following component: alkali-resistant glass fibre 9kg,
Bisphenol A type epoxy resin 6kg, SILICA FUME 9kg, dimethyl silicone polymer 5kg, Portland clinker 20kg, hydroxylmethyl cellulose
Plain 0.017kg, high-efficiency water-reducing agent of poly-carboxylic acid 2kg, polylactic acid 0.29kg, Ecoflex0.24kg, Alpine Meadow 220kg, vegetation
Green additive for concrete AB bacterium 7kg, compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 4kg, monoammonium phosphate 4kg, Qinghai-Tibet wormwood kind 7g, short wormwood kind 6g,
Splendid achnatherum grass seeds 8g, Qinghai fix the sand grass seeds 7g, Elymus nutans kind 8g, Festuca sinensis grass seeds 12g, cool-zone turfgrasses grass seeds 5g,
2 grades of wheatgrass 6g, siberian wildrye 7g, spire Stipa capillata 2g, buffalograss 4g, Rhizoma Et Radix Notopterygii 2g, sea-buckthorn 8g, high suspend mode grade Alfalfa 12g.
Through measuring, conserved at the standard conditions 28 days using the plant cover concrete that this preparation method makes, at -15 DEG C
It is tested after~20 DEG C of fast freeze-thaw 50 circulations, freezing-thawing test uses the automatic freezing-thawing test machine of japanese circle well, in air
It freezing, melts in water, test specimen mass loss rate is 4% after Frozen-thawed cycled, when dynamic modulus of elasticity declines 35%, compression limiting strain
Increase 22%.
Embodiment 3:
A kind of high altitudes and cold area plant cover concrete freeze thawing resistance substrate, including following component: alkali-resistant glass fibre 7kg,
Bisphenol A type epoxy resin 5kg, SILICA FUME 9kg, dimethyl silicone polymer 5kg, Portland clinker 20kg, hydroxylmethyl cellulose
Plain 0.017kg, high-efficiency water-reducing agent of poly-carboxylic acid 2kg, polylactic acid 0.28kg, Ecoflex0.26kg, Alpine Meadow 220kg, vegetation
Green additive for concrete AB bacterium 6kg, compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 4kg, monoammonium phosphate 4kg and the freeze proof species 94g of mixing；It mixes freeze proof
Species specifically include Qinghai-Tibet wormwood kind 7g, short wormwood kind 6g, splendid achnatherum grass seeds 8g, Qinghai are fixed the sand grass seeds 7g, Elymus nutans kind
8g, Festuca sinensis grass seeds 12g, cool-zone turfgrasses grass seeds 5g, wheatgrass 6g, siberian wildrye 7g, spire Stipa capillata 2g, buffalograss 4g, Rhizoma Et Radix Notopterygii
3 grades of 2g, sea-buckthorn 8g, high suspend mode grade Alfalfa 12g.
Through measuring, conserved at the standard conditions 28 days using the plant cover concrete that this preparation method makes, at -15 DEG C
It is tested after~20 DEG C of fast freeze-thaw 50 circulations, freezing-thawing test uses the automatic freezing-thawing test machine of japanese circle well, in air
It freezing, melts in water, test specimen mass loss rate is 3% after Frozen-thawed cycled, when dynamic modulus of elasticity declines 35%, compression limiting strain
Increase 24%.
Plant cover concrete freeze thawing resistance test data analyzer
By high altitudes and cold area plant cover concrete freeze thawing resistance substrate formula, engineering test has been carried out, has been located at Xining to sweet
Chan Kou highway is located at provincial capital of Qinghai Province Xining and Tu Autonomous County of Huzhu of Haidong Prefecture is domestic, western Gangong road K29+000~K47
Slope ecological reparation in+000 range, engineering site sampling forms four groups of 4 × 4 × 16cm plant cover concretes and tries body, in standard bar
It conserves under part 28 days, is in addition tested after three groups -15 DEG C indoors~20 DEG C fast freeze-thaw 50 circulations.With the two intensity
The quality of freeze-thaw resistance is measured in variation.Freezing-thawing test uses the automatic freezing-thawing test machine of japanese circle well, freezes in air, melts in water
Change.Carrying out 50 circulations about needs 3 day time.Experiment will carry out the Frozen-thawed cycled under indoor fast freeze-thaw and outdoor elements
Comprehensive Correlation experiment.
1) material and match ratio
The raw material and match ratio of plant cover concrete test block are made of examples detailed above match ratio
2) measurement of specimen molding, maintenance and initial value
Molding purpose is to make test specimen for plant cover concrete performance test, and about curing box: standard curing box temperature is answered
Control is at 20 DEG C ± 5 DEG C；Relative humidity is 95% or more.Band mould test specimen after molding is preferably covered with wet cloth or plastic film
Lid to prevent water point evaporation, and is 20 DEG C ± 5 DEG C in temperature, and relative humidity conserves in 95% or more standard curing box
24h.Then it demoulding and numbers.Test specimen after demoulding, which should be immediately placed in standard curing box, to be conserved, and is avoided with the direct shower examination of water
Part.
The size of test specimen: 4 × 4 × 16cm
1. this test is with 3 test specimens for one group, test age is 28d, reaches test specimen existing in first four days for test age
It is impregnated four days in 20 DEG C ± 3 DEG C of water.
2. after the test specimen to have soaked is wiped surface water, claiming initial mass (platform balance: weighing 10kg, sensibility reciprocal 5g)
3. the initial natural frequency of vibration (dynamic modulus of elasticity tester: frequency is 100Hz~10kHz) of measurement test block,
The test method of plant cover concrete test block dynamic modulus of elasticity: it according to the requirement of instrument operation instructions, is tested
The preparations such as the adjustment and preheating of preceding instrument.Every group of 3 test specimens.It should be weighed before measurement, and measure length, width and height.Test specimen is laid flat
On foam-rubber cushion, Natural Frequencies of Transverse Vibration is measured.According to the size of test specimen resonant frequency, corresponding frequency measurement model is selected
It encloses.It adjusts oscillator and vibration pickup gain, after the resonance point that test specimen is quickly found with coarse adjustment, then carries out fine tuning.When microampere meter or
The range value of oscilloscope tube is to resonate.At this point, the frequency read from digit counter, is exactly the natural frequency of vibration of test specimen.Observation
When answer retest twice, the fluctuation range of test result is 0.5%.Lateral dynamic modulus of elasticity formula (1) is calculated
E in formuladt- transverse modulus of elasticity, MPa；
G-test specimen quality, kg；
F-test specimen natural frequency of vibration, Hz；
L, the length and width of b, h-test specimen, high, mm；
R-depends on the correction factor of side ratio and Poisson's ratio, and for L/b=4, Poisson's ratio is about 1/6 concrete
Test specimen takes 1.5
Finally, take the average value of 3 test specimen measured values, as the measured value of this group of test specimen dynamic modulus of elasticity, will 2. and 3. in
Initial value of the data measured as evaluation frost resistance, while doing necessary appearance and describing and take pictures.
3) concrete scheme and step tested
The range of this experimental study and hypothesis include: that on-site concrete frequently contacts water, water degree of satisfying and indoor freezing and thawing
It is suitable to test full water degree；Indoor and outdoor concrete material performance (including microcellular structure) is almost the same；Indoor and outdoor concrete freeze thawing
Process follows fatigue damage rule.
The one that following three kinds of situations occurs in freezing-thawing test can stop:
1. freeze thawing is to scheduled cycle-index.
2. relative dynamic elastic modulus drops to the 60% of initial value.
3. mass loss rate is up to 5%.
4) fast freeze-thaw circulation group (indoor simulation)
Plant cover concrete test specimen is packed into test specimen box, the injection water surface should submerge test specimen top surface 20mm.According to specification, 25 are often done
Secondary Frozen-thawed cycled detects test specimen primary.When test, test specimen is taken out from box carefully, is rinsed well, wipe surface moisture, claimed
Weight and the measurement natural frequency of vibration, and do necessary appearance and describe and take a picture.After being completed every time, test specimen should be reversed end for end to reload
Test specimen box injects water, continues to test.During the test, test specimen dehydration should be prevented, test specimen to be measured must be covered with wet cloth.When having
After test specimen stops test taking-up, should separately it be filled with test specimen.If test is interrupted, test specimen should be saved under the state of enduring cold.According to mixed
Circulating temperature, can be set between -17 DEG C to 5 DEG C, the time of a Frozen-thawed cycled can be set to 2.5h by solidifying soil test specification.
5) Frozen-thawed cycled under natural environment (engineering test)
This experiment is to be located at provincial capital of Qinghai Province Xining and the autonomy of Haidong Prefecture's Huzhutu in Xining to Gan Chankou highway
In border of the county, slope ecological recovery project scene is carried out within the scope of western Gangong road K29+000~K47+000, according to the history of grasp
Meteorological data shows that project region many years temperature on average is 10~17 in 7 DEG C or so, summer (6~August) maximum temperature
℃；Spring (3~May), autumn (9~November) take second place, and temperature on average is 5~10 DEG C；Winter (12~2 months) temperature is minimum, average air
Temperature is -5~-12 DEG C.The variation of each moon temperature is the most violent with spring, autumn in year, and moon, the temperature difference was at 5 DEG C or more during this, the early spring with
Heating in March is at 7 DEG C or so, and autumn end is the rapidest to cool down November, and various regions are up to 7~8 DEG C.Two season of winter in summer, temperature was more steady
It is fixed.
Under outdoor elements the test of Frozen-thawed cycled specifically operate and points for attention and battery of tests it is essentially identical,
It can carry out weighing the measurement with dynamic modulus of elasticity after completing 25 circulations.
6) control group
Two groups of control groups are set, and first control group is to continue to conserve in standard curing box after the 28d, is finally being measured
Mechanical index once.The high/low temperature of second group of control group freeze thawing is arranged to -5 DEG C to 5 DEG C, and the time of a freeze thawing is arranged to
2.5h completes to carry out weighing the measurement with dynamic modulus of elasticity after 25 circulations.Finally compare.
7) test result is handled
1 relative dynamic elastic modulus is calculated by formula (2), using the average value of 3 specimen test results as measured value.
P in formulanTest specimen relative dynamic elastic modulus after-n times Frozen-thawed cycled, %；
f0- test specimen Frozen-thawed cycledThe preceding natural frequency of vibration, Hz；
fnThe natural frequency of vibration after-test specimen freeze thawing n times circulation, Hz
2 mass loss rates are calculated by formula (3) using the product mean value of 3 specimen test results as measured value.
W in formulanTest specimen mass loss rate after-n times Frozen-thawed cycled, %；
G0Test specimen quality before-freeze thawing, g；
GnEvent quality after-n times Frozen-thawed cycled, g；
8) analysis of experimental results
Three groups of test specimens are respectively by Frozen-thawed cycled and standard environment under indoor fast freeze-thaw circulation, outdoor natural conditions
The control group of lower maintenance, by the relative resilient modulus and mass loss to test specimen after different group Frozen-thawed cycleds, to room
Frozen-thawed cycled under interior fast freeze-thaw circulation and outdoor natural conditions is compared the destruction of plant cover concrete test specimen.By Fig. 1
As can be seen that matched curve and test data meet preferably.
Such as Fig. 2, the simulated experiment result of relative peak strain and freezing-thawing cycles relationship is shown.Relative peak strains
The peak strain of test specimen plant cover concrete and the ratio between the peak strain of non-Frozen-thawed cycled test specimen plant cover concrete after finger Frozen-thawed cycled.
The result shows that: freezing-thawing cycles increase, and concrete peak strain increases；Plant cover concrete 28d cubic compressive strength fcuMore
Small, peak stress increases faster.
Such as Fig. 3, the relationship of relative dynamic elastic modulus and freezing-thawing cycles.Relative dynamic elastic modulus refers to test specimen after Frozen-thawed cycled
The ratio between the Determination of Dynamic Elastic Modulus of the Determination of Dynamic Elastic Modulus of plant cover concrete and non-Frozen-thawed cycled test specimen plant cover concrete.It can be found that: vegetation is mixed
Solidifying soil strength grade is higher, and for relative dynamic elastic modulus with the increase of freezing-thawing cycles, reduced rate is also slower.
9) seed germination experiment grouping (judge, germinate " √ " at 15 days, "○" of not germinateing)
The grouping of 3 seed germination experiment of table
Analysis: plant cover concrete freeze thawing resistance substrate one to seven group of proportion, which has more kind, to germinate.Local species
Wormwood class germination condition is harsher, other lyme grass, Festuca sinensis, cool-zone turfgrasses, these three association species and pioneer
Germination condition is broad.From the above intensity and growth test, it can be concluded that, appraisal of growth index can reach 7 points or more.Simultaneously
A large amount of seed mixture test has been carried out by plant growth characteristics, has had selected specific objective community seed formula.These tests
Expected research purpose has been basically reached, has expanded plant cover concrete in the application range of high altitudes and cold.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of high altitudes and cold area plant cover concrete freeze thawing resistance substrate, which is characterized in that below by weight
Ingredient: 6 ~ 9 parts of alkali-resistant glass fibre, 4 ~ 6 parts of bisphenol A type epoxy resin, 5 ~ 10 parts of SILICA FUME, 4 ~ 6 parts of dimethyl silicone polymer,
10 ~ 20 parts of Portland clinker, 0.015 ~ 0.021 part of hydroxymethyl cellulose, 1 ~ 2 part of high-efficiency water-reducing agent of poly-carboxylic acid, polylactic acid
0.27 ~ 0.31 part, Ecoflex0.22 ~ 0.26 part, 180 ~ 260 parts of Alpine Meadow, plant cover concrete green additive AB bacterium 5 ~
10 parts, 3 ~ 4 parts of compound potassium sulfate fertilizer, 3 ~ 4 parts of monoammonium phosphate and freeze proof species 0.08-0.1 parts of mixing.
2. substrate according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: 7 parts of alkali-resistant glass fibre, 5 parts of bisphenol A type epoxy resin,
9 parts of SILICA FUME, 5 parts of dimethyl silicone polymer, 20 parts of Portland clinker, 0.017 part of hydroxymethyl cellulose, polycarboxylic acids are efficient
2 parts of water-reducing agent, 0.28 part of polylactic acid, Ecoflex0.26 parts, 220 parts of Alpine Meadow, plant cover concrete green additive AB bacterium
6 parts, 4 parts of compound potassium sulfate fertilizer, 4 parts of monoammonium phosphate and freeze proof 0.94 part of species of mixing.
3. substrate according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that: the freeze proof species of the mixing using 1 ~ 2 part of Qinghai-Tibet wormwood artemisia,
1 ~ 2 part of short wormwood artemisia, 1 ~ 2 part of splendid achnatherum, 1 ~ 2 part of Qinghai sand-binding grass, 1 ~ 2 part of Elymus nutans, 1 ~ 2 part of Festuca sinensis, cold ground are precocious
1 ~ 2 part of standing grain, 1 ~ 2 part of wheatgrass, 1 ~ 2 part of siberian wildrye, 1 ~ 2 part of spire Stipa capillata, 1 ~ 2 part of buffalograss, 1 ~ 2 part of Rhizoma Et Radix Notopterygii, 1 ~ 2 part of sea-buckthorn,
At least five kinds of grass seeds in high 1 ~ 2 part of suspend mode grade Alfalfa.
4. substrate according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: the suspend mode rank of the high suspend mode grade Alfalfa selects 1-
3 grades of kind.
5. substrate according to any one of claims 1-4, it is characterised in that: every kind in the freeze proof species of the mixing at
Divide and import COR gene and antifreeze protein, obtains the freeze proof species group of the stable mixing of antifreeze properties.
6. substrate according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: 2.4 ~ 2.7g/cm of the alkali-resistant glass fibre density3, tension
Intensity is 6.3~6.9 g/d, 5.4~5.8 g/d of moisture state in normal conditions.
7. substrate according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the bisphenol A type epoxy resin, epoxide number 0.18 ~
0.22eq/100g, 64 ~ 76 DEG C of softening point, organochlorine≤0.02mol/100g, inorganic chlorine≤0.001mol/100g.
8. substrate according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the SILICA FUME, fineness account for 80% or more less than 1 μm, put down
Equal partial size is at 0.1-0.3 μm, specific surface area are as follows: 20~28m2/g。
9. substrate according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in the Portland clinker, clinker moduli requires KH
=0.90 ± 0.02, silicon rate n=1.80 ± 0.10, ± 0.10 clinker mineral composition requirement C3S < 54.0% of iron rate p=0.90
20% C3A < of C2S >, 6.0% C4AF > 14.0%, alkali content 0.60% hereinafter, free calcium oxide f-CaO 1.0% with
Under.
10. the preparation method of plant cover concrete freeze thawing resistance substrate in high altitudes and cold area described in any one of claim 1-9,
Characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) the every kind of ingredient mixed in freeze proof species imports COR gene and antifreeze protein, obtains the stable mixing of antifreeze properties
Freeze proof species group；
2) Alpine Meadow is sieved, ice and snow scars must not be contained；Then by the step 1) freeze proof species group of resulting mixing with
Plant cover concrete green additive AB bacterium, compound potassium sulfate fertilizer, monoammonium phosphate mix the Alpine Meadow after sieving according to the proportion
In, obtain plant mixture；
3) by the resulting plant mixture of step 2 and alkali-resistant glass fibre, bisphenol A type epoxy resin, SILICA FUME, poly dimethyl
Siloxanes, Portland clinker, hydroxymethyl cellulose, high-efficiency water-reducing agent of poly-carboxylic acid, polylactic acid, Ecoflex are uniformly mixed, and are obtained
To high altitudes and cold area plant cover concrete freeze thawing resistance substrate.
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| CN109991279A (en) * | 2019-05-17 | 2019-07-09 | 宁夏大学 | A kind of Frozen-thawed cycled exposure test device and test method |
| CN113796268A (en) * | 2021-08-24 | 2021-12-17 | 长安大学 | Ecological restoration system and restoration method for vegetation on high and steep slope in high-altitude area |
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