CN109017870A - A kind of train wheel geometric parameter on-line dynamic measurement device and measurement method - Google Patents
A kind of train wheel geometric parameter on-line dynamic measurement device and measurement method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109017870A CN109017870A CN201810678253.2A CN201810678253A CN109017870A CN 109017870 A CN109017870 A CN 109017870A CN 201810678253 A CN201810678253 A CN 201810678253A CN 109017870 A CN109017870 A CN 109017870A
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- laser displacement
- displacement sensor
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- wheel rim
- rim
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61K—AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR RAILWAYS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B61K9/00—Railway vehicle profile gauges; Detecting or indicating overheating of components; Apparatus on locomotives or cars to indicate bad track sections; General design of track recording vehicles
- B61K9/12—Measuring or surveying wheel-rims
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of train wheel geometric parameter on-line dynamic measurement device and measurement methods, belong to train wheel geometric parameter measurement technical field.Train wheel geometric parameter on-line dynamic measurement device of the invention, including being successively installed on velocity sensor on the inside of track along This train is bound for XXX, it starts switch, first laser displacement sensor, second laser displacement sensor, third laser displacement sensor and shutdown switch, it further include the 4th laser displacement sensor, wherein first, second and the detection light velocity of third laser displacement sensor to be each perpendicular to rail top face upward, and first laser displacement sensor and third laser displacement sensor are one-dimensional laser displacement sensor, second laser displacement sensor and the 4th laser displacement sensor are two-dimensional laser displacement sensor.On-line dynamic measurement can be carried out to train wheel geometric parameter using technical solution of the present invention, and effectively increase the measurement accuracy and measurement efficiency of train wheel geometric parameter.
Description
Technical field
It is several more specifically to a kind of train wheel the invention belongs to train wheel geometric parameter measurement technical field
What parameter on-line dynamic measurement device and measurement method.
Background technique
Train wheel is one of most important running part of rail transit train, it carries all dynamic and static loads of train
Lotus.But during train operation, due to rubbing for a long time between wheel and track, different degrees of abrasion can be caused to wheel,
Such as diameter abrasion, flange wear.Diameter abrasion will lead to same vehicle or unit-frame or with transfinite to wheel footpath difference and wheel rim height increase
Greatly, flange wear will lead to flange thickness reduce and wheel rim integrated value reduce, these the occurrence of traffic safety can all be made
At very big threat.Therefore, the diameter (D of train wheel in time, is quickly and accurately measuredT), wheel rim high (Sh), wheel rim it is thick
(Sd), the geometric parameters such as wheel rim integrated value (Qr), for ensureing that the traffic safety of train is of great significance.
The detection means of existing wheel geometric parameter mainly includes manual measurement and static measurement.Wherein, manual measurement master
If carrying out rough measure to wheel geometric parameter using the 4th kind of detector and wheel footpath ruler, measurement advantage is that equipment investment is low,
The disadvantage is that precision is low, human input is big, measurement period is long.Static measurement is to carry out wheel geometric parameters using special equipments such as lathes
A kind of means of number measurement, measurement advantage are precision height, the disadvantage is that equipment investment is big, at high cost, need to expend a large amount of people
Power and material resources, and measurement period is longer, to influence the normal use of train.
Various limitations as existing for manual measurement and static measurement, present more and more people concentrate on online dynamic
The research of measurement method.Such as, application number 200610155282.8 discloses a kind of vehicle wheel to diameter online test method and dress
It sets, the letter for the base position that this method is detected using projection information of the structured light light source on wheel tread and displacement sensor
Breath detects wheel average diameter parameter and left and right wheels wheel footpath difference parameter, but this method exists and to be influenced, be responded by ambient light
The disadvantages such as speed is slow, measurement accuracy is low.Application number 201410519742.5 discloses a kind of municipal rail train wheelset profile and examines online
Method and device is surveyed, this application measures the wheel rim of different moments tyre tread contour line most based on two-dimensional laser displacement transducer technology
The point of different moments is reverted to the coordinate value under synchronization in situation known to speed by low spot coordinate, using 3 points at
Round principle fits the circle where wheel rim vertex, then obtains wheel with the wheel rim height that wheel rim vertex circular diameter subtracts twice
Diameter.This method due to speed as it is known that in the seat reverted to the value of different moments wheel rim minimum point under synchronization
During scale value, due to the deviation of speed, the coordinate value after causing reduction is distorted, the wheel rim apex circle after eventually leading to fitting
Diameter has biggish deviation.
Summary of the invention
1. technical problems to be solved by the inivention
It is an object of the invention to overcome measurement accuracy and measurement existing for existing train wheel geometric parameter measurement method
Relatively inefficient deficiency, and provide a kind of train wheel geometric parameter on-line dynamic measurement device and measurement method.It adopts
On-line dynamic measurement can be carried out to train wheel geometric parameter with technical solution of the present invention, and effectively increase train wheel
The measurement accuracy and measurement efficiency of geometric parameter.
2. technical solution
In order to achieve the above objectives, technical solution provided by the invention are as follows:
First, a kind of train wheel geometric parameter on-line dynamic measurement device of the invention, including along This train is bound for XXX
It is successively installed on the velocity sensor on the inside of track, starts switch, first laser displacement sensor, second laser displacement sensing
Device, third laser displacement sensor and shutdown switch further include the 4th laser displacement sensor, wherein first laser displacement sensing
It is upward that the detection light velocity of device, second laser displacement sensor and third laser displacement sensor is each perpendicular to rail top face, and
One laser displacement sensor and third laser displacement sensor are one-dimensional laser displacement sensor, second laser displacement sensor and
4th laser displacement sensor is two-dimensional laser displacement sensor.
Further, the 4th laser displacement sensor is installed on the inside of track, and it detects beam orthogonal in vehicle
Rim face in taking turns, and there are slanted angle α with rail top face.
Further, the first laser displacement sensor, second laser displacement sensor, third laser displacement sensing
Device and the 4th laser displacement sensor are mounted in the first mounting bracket.
Further, the 4th laser displacement sensor is installed on the outside of track, and it detects light beam and track top
It is in α, with wheel there are slanted angle between face between rim face there are slanted angle is β.
Further, the first laser displacement sensor, second laser displacement sensor and third laser displacement pass
Sensor is mounted in the first mounting bracket, and the 4th laser displacement sensor is installed in the second mounting bracket.
Further, the detection beam orthogonal of the second laser displacement sensor is in rim face in wheel, and four are swashed
The look-in frequency of Optical displacement sensor is identical.
Further, the first laser displacement sensor is with the detection light beam of third laser displacement sensor along parallel
Plane where detection light beam of the line perpendicular to second laser displacement sensor in orbital direction.
Further, the velocity sensor, start switch, first laser displacement sensor, second laser displacement pass
Sensor, third laser displacement sensor, the 4th laser displacement sensor and shutdown switch are connected with control system, and four are swashed
Optical displacement sensor is connected with data processing system.
Second, a kind of train wheel geometric parameter on-line dynamic measurement method of the invention, the 4th laser displacement is sensed
Device is installed on the inside of track, when start switch be triggered when, four laser displacement sensors carry out detection acquisition simultaneously, work as stopping
When switch is triggered, four laser displacement sensors are simultaneously stopped detection acquisition, and the collected data of four sensors are transmitted
The geometric parameter to get train wheel is handled to data processing system, carries out the detailed process of data processing are as follows:
Step 1: using the sense probe location of first laser displacement sensor as coordinate origin, being parallel to that This train is bound for XXX is
X-axis, vertical track top surface upwardly direction are that Y-axis establishes coordinate system；
Step 2: interception first laser displacement sensor, second laser displacement sensor and third laser displacement sensor institute
Ranging is from the data for being effective distance value；
Step 3: in the data of interception, to the measurement number of first laser displacement sensor and third laser displacement sensor
According to being fitted, obtain on different moments two laser displacement sensors sensing heads to wheel the distance value [di2] of certain point and
[di4] finds the corresponding distance value of own coordinate xa and wheel rim apex in second laser displacement sensor institute data intercept
Distance value obtains [di3a] and [di3] after fitting, wherein minimum value is respectively d3a and d3；Above-mentioned xa refers to that first laser is displaced
Sensor and third displacement sensor detection light beam are along the line and second laser displacement sensor for being parallel to rail top face direction
Abscissa where the intersection point of plane where detecting light beam in second laser displacement sensor local Coordinate System；
Step 4: according to the coordinate system established in step 1, the distance value in conjunction with measured by each laser displacement sensor is obtained
Three coordinates { (0, di2) }, { (L1, di3a-h1) } and { (L2, di4-h2) } of certain circumference on to different moments wheel, benefit
With 3 points at round principle, the diameter value [Di] of the circumference on different moments wheel is calculated；
Wherein L1 is the sensing head for sensing head to second laser displacement sensor of first laser displacement sensor along parallel
Distance in rail top face direction, unit mm；L2 is that sensing head to the third laser displacement of first laser displacement sensor senses
The sensing head of device is along the distance for being parallel to rail top face direction, unit mm；H1 be first laser displacement sensor sensing head extremely
The sensing head of second laser displacement sensor works as first laser position along the difference in height perpendicular to rail top face direction, unit mm
The sensing head height of displacement sensor h1 when the sensing head of second laser displacement sensor is positive, otherwise is negative；H2 is first laser
Difference in height of the sensing head of displacement sensor to the sensing head edge of third laser displacement sensor perpendicular to rail top face direction, list
Position mm, and h2 is positive when the sensing head height of first laser displacement sensor is in the sensing head of third laser displacement sensor, instead
Be negative；
Step 5: finding out the mean diameter on wheel rim vertex, calculation formula is
Step 6: finding out that the smallest profile of wheel rim vertex distance value in second laser displacement sensor institute measuring wheel profile
Line C, and calculate diameter value corresponding to each point distance value, calculation formula on the contour line are as follows:
Dj=D-2 (Zj- Z) (j=1,2,3 ... ...)
In formula: D is wheel rim vertex circular diameter, mm；Distance value of the Z for wheel rim vertex in selected contour line, mm,
That is lowest distance value；ZjFor the distance value of other each points in selected contour line, mm；
Step 7: calculating in the 4th laser displacement sensor institute measuring wheel profile by wheel normal or closest to wheel normal
Lines of outline number, calculated result round, calculation formula are as follows:
In formula: C is the contour line in second laser displacement sensor institute measuring wheel profile when wheel rim apex distance value minimum,
That is item number where contour line C；R is wheel rim vertex radius of circle, unit mm；Z is in second laser displacement sensor institute measuring wheel profile
Apart from the smallest distance in wheel rim vertex, unit mm；V is train running speed, unit mm/ms；The laser displacement sensor that K is is adopted
Sample frequency, unit K Hz；L3For second laser displacement sensor sensing head to the 4th laser displacement sensor sensing head along flat
Row is in the distance of orbital direction, unit mm；
Step 8: calculating the 4th laser displacement sensor and survey diameter corresponding to each point distance value on the C ' articles contour line
Value, calculation formula are as follows:
Dk=D-2 (Zk- Z`) (k=1,2,3 ...)
In formula: D is wheel rim vertex circular diameter, unit mm；Z` surveys the C ' articles wheel by the 4th laser displacement sensor
The distance value of wheel rim apex in profile, unit mm；ZkOther are surveyed on the C ' articles contour line by the 4th laser displacement sensor
The distance value of each point, unit mm；
Step 9: selected by interception second laser displacement sensor in contour line in wheel rim face to straight between wheel rim vertex
Diameter, and in conjunction with itself X axis coordinate of second laser displacement sensor, constitute set of coordinates { (Xd, Dd)}；Intercept the 4th laser displacement
Diameter in contour line selected by sensor outside wheel rim vertex to wheel between rim face, and with the 4th laser displacement sensor itself
X axis coordinate combines, and constitutes set of coordinates { (Xe, De)}；By the set of coordinates of interception, point splices characterized by wheel rim vertex again, spells
A duplicate wheel rim apex coordinate is removed when connecing, and X-coordinate is integrated, and is abscissa zero point to vehicle using rim face in wheel
Taking turns outer rim face is X-axis, obtains diameter the set of coordinates { (X of rim face to the outer rim face different location out of wheelf, Df)}；
Step 10: in set of coordinates { (Xf, Df) in find Xf=d or from diameter corresponding to the immediate abscissa of d, i.e.,
Obtain wheel tread diameter DT, wherein d is that wheel diameter measures the distance between rim face in basic point and wheel, and wheel rim is a height ofIn set of coordinates { (Xf, Df) in find and wheel rim thickness measurement basic point corresponding to abscissa on the outside of wheel rim
Xh, abscissa corresponding to rim face is denoted as X in wheel1, then wheel rim thickness is Sd=Xh-X1；In set of coordinates { (Xf, Df) in find with
Wheel rim integrated value measures the abscissa X on the outside of wheel rim corresponding to basic pointq, then wheel rim integrated value is Qr=Xh-Xq。
Third, a kind of train wheel geometric parameter on-line dynamic measurement method of the invention, the 4th laser displacement is sensed
Device is installed on the outside of track, when start switch be triggered when, four laser displacement sensors carry out detection acquisition simultaneously, work as stopping
When switch is triggered, four laser displacement sensors are simultaneously stopped detection acquisition, and the collected data of four sensors are transmitted
The geometric parameter to get train wheel is handled to data processing system, carries out the detailed process of data processing are as follows:
Step 1: using the sense probe location of first laser displacement sensor as coordinate origin, being parallel to that This train is bound for XXX is
X-axis, vertical track top surface upwardly direction are that Y-axis establishes coordinate system；
Step 2: interception first laser displacement sensor, second laser displacement sensor and third laser displacement sensor institute
Ranging is from the data for being effective distance value；
Step 3: in the data of interception, to the measurement number of first laser displacement sensor and third laser displacement sensor
According to being fitted, obtain on different moments two laser displacement sensors sensing heads to wheel the distance value [di2] of certain point and
[di4] finds the corresponding distance value of own coordinate xa and wheel rim apex in second laser displacement sensor institute data intercept
Distance value obtains [di3a] and [di3] after fitting, wherein minimum value is respectively d3a and d3；Above-mentioned xa refers to that first laser is displaced
Sensor and third displacement sensor detection light beam are along the line and second laser displacement sensor for being parallel to rail top face direction
Abscissa where the intersection point of plane where detecting light beam in second laser displacement sensor local Coordinate System；
Step 4: according to the coordinate system established in step 1, the distance value in conjunction with measured by each laser displacement sensor is obtained
Three coordinates { (0, di2) }, { (L1, di3a-h1) } and { (L2, di4-h2) } of certain circumference on to different moments wheel, benefit
With 3 points at round principle, the diameter value [Di] of the circumference on different moments wheel is calculated；
Wherein L1 is the sensing head for sensing head to second laser displacement sensor of first laser displacement sensor along parallel
Distance in rail top face direction, unit mm；L2 is that sensing head to the third laser displacement of first laser displacement sensor senses
The sensing head of device is along the distance for being parallel to rail top face direction, unit mm；H1 be first laser displacement sensor sensing head extremely
The sensing head of second laser displacement sensor works as first laser position along the difference in height perpendicular to rail top face direction, unit mm
The sensing head height of displacement sensor h1 when the sensing head of second laser displacement sensor is positive, otherwise is negative；H2 is first laser
Difference in height of the sensing head of displacement sensor to the sensing head edge of third laser displacement sensor perpendicular to rail top face direction, list
Position mm, and h2 is positive when the sensing head height of first laser displacement sensor is in the sensing head of third laser displacement sensor, instead
Be negative；
Step 5: finding out the mean diameter on wheel rim vertex, calculation formula is
Step 6: finding out that the smallest profile of wheel rim vertex distance value in second laser displacement sensor institute measuring wheel profile
Line C, and calculate diameter value corresponding to each point distance value, calculation formula on the contour line are as follows:
Dj=D-2 (Zj- Z) (j=1,2,3 ... ...)
In formula: D is wheel rim vertex circular diameter, mm；Distance value of the Z for wheel rim vertex in selected contour line, mm,
That is lowest distance value；ZjFor the distance value of other each points in selected contour line, mm；
Step 7: calculating in the 4th laser displacement sensor institute measuring wheel profile by wheel normal or closest to wheel normal
Lines of outline number, calculated result round, calculation formula are as follows:
In formula: C is the contour line in second laser displacement sensor institute measuring wheel profile when wheel rim apex distance value minimum,
That is item number where contour line C；R is wheel rim vertex radius of circle, unit mm；Z is in second laser displacement sensor institute measuring wheel profile
Apart from the smallest distance in wheel rim vertex, unit mm；V is train running speed, unit mm/ms；The laser displacement sensor that K is is adopted
Sample frequency, unit K Hz；L3For second laser displacement sensor sensing head to the 4th laser displacement sensor sensing head along flat
Row is in the distance of orbital direction, unit mm；
Step 8: the 4th laser displacement sensor being surveyed into the C ' articles contour line and is rotated, is obtained on pivoting rear wheel profile
Coordinate (the X of each pointi, Yi), rotation formula is
Xi=xicosβ-yisinβ
Yi=xisinβ+yicosβ
In formula: xiThe abscissa of each point on the C ' articles contour line, unit mm are surveyed by the 4th laser displacement sensor；yiFor
4th laser displacement sensor surveys the ordinate of each point on the C ' articles contour line, unit mm；XiTo rotate through on rear-wheel profile
The abscissa of each point, unit mm；YiFor the ordinate for rotating through each point on rear-wheel profile, unit mm；β is the 4th laser displacement biography
Angle in the detection light beam and wheel of sensor between rim face；
Step 9: calculating the 4th laser displacement sensor and survey diameter corresponding to each point distance value on the C ' articles contour line
Value, calculation formula are as follows:
Dk=D-2 (Zk- Z`) (k=1,2,3 ...)
In formula: D is wheel rim vertex circular diameter, unit mm；Z` surveys the C ' articles contour line by the 4th laser displacement sensor
The distance value of middle wheel rim apex, unit mm；ZkOther each points on the C ' articles contour line are surveyed by the 4th laser displacement sensor
The distance value at place, unit mm；
Step 10: selected by interception second laser displacement sensor in contour line in wheel rim face to straight between wheel rim vertex
Diameter, and in conjunction with itself X axis coordinate of second laser displacement sensor, constitute set of coordinates { (Xd, Dd)}；Intercept the 4th laser displacement
Contour line selected by sensor through the diameter between rim face outside pivoting rear wheel edge vertex to wheel, and with the 4th laser displacement sensor
The X axis coordinate of itself combines, and constitutes set of coordinates { (Xe, De)}；By the set of coordinates of interception, point is spelled characterized by wheel rim vertex again
It connects, a duplicate wheel rim apex coordinate is removed when splicing, and X-coordinate is integrated, using rim face in wheel as abscissa zero
Point rim face to outside wheel is X-axis, obtains diameter the set of coordinates { (X of rim face to the outer rim face different location out of wheelf, Df)}；
Step 11: in set of coordinates { (Xf, Df) in find Xf=d or from diameter corresponding to the immediate abscissa of d, i.e.,
Obtain wheel tread diameter DT, wherein d is that wheel diameter measures the distance between rim face in basic point and wheel, and wheel rim is a height ofIn set of coordinates { (Xf, Df) in find and wheel rim thickness measurement basic point corresponding to abscissa on the outside of wheel rim
Xh, abscissa corresponding to rim face is denoted as X in wheel1, then wheel rim thickness is Sd=Xh-X1；In set of coordinates { (Xf, Df) in find with
Wheel rim integrated value measures the abscissa X on the outside of wheel rim corresponding to basic pointq, then wheel rim integrated value is Qr=Xh-Xq。
3. beneficial effect
Using technical solution provided by the invention, compared with prior art, there is following remarkable result:
(1) a kind of train wheel geometric parameter on-line dynamic measurement device of the invention, including set along This train is bound for XXX
Four laser displacement sensors set are controlled by installation site to four laser displacement sensors and detection direction,
It is several so as to thick, wheel rim height and wheel rim integrated value etc. using wheel tread diameter, wheel rim of the measuring device to train wheel
What parameter carries out on-line dynamic measurement, effectively increases measurement accuracy and measurement efficiency is high, advantageously ensures that the traveling peace of train
Entirely.
(2) a kind of train wheel geometric parameter on-line dynamic measurement device of the invention, passes through first laser displacement sensing
The cooperation of device, second laser displacement sensor and third laser displacement sensor, using 3 points at round principle to wheel rim
Vertex circular diameter measures, and is not introduced into speed as design conditions, avoids influence of the tachometric survey accidentally to measurement result, from
And be conducive to the accuracy for being further ensured that wheel geometric parameter measurement.
(3) a kind of train wheel geometric parameter on-line dynamic measurement device of the invention, only with two one-dimensional laser positions
Displacement sensor and two two-dimensional laser displacement sensors, measuring device structure and installation are simple, it is easy to accomplish, and measurement efficiency compared with
Height, while use measuring device of the invention will not influence the normally travel of train.
(4) a kind of train wheel geometric parameter on-line dynamic measurement method of the invention, is triggered when starting switch by wheel
When, four laser displacement sensors are acquired simultaneously, and when shutdown switch is triggered by wheel, four laser displacement sensors are same
When stop acquisition, collected data transmission to data processing system is handled, so as to the geometric parameter to train
On-line dynamic measurement is directly carried out, measurement method is simple, and it is at low cost, and measurement accuracy is higher.
(5) a kind of train wheel geometric parameter on-line dynamic measurement method of the invention is, it can be achieved that train geometric parameter
On-line dynamic measurement substantially increases measurement efficiency, is conducive to save man power and material, simultaneously because surveying using eyes with non-contact method
Amount, avoids the abrasion to wheel.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of the train wheel geometric parameter on-line dynamic measurement device of embodiment 1；
Fig. 2 is the schematic front view of the train wheel geometric parameter on-line dynamic measurement device of embodiment 2；
Fig. 3 is the left view schematic diagram of the train wheel geometric parameter on-line dynamic measurement device of embodiment 2；
Fig. 4 is the schematic top plan view of the train wheel geometric parameter on-line dynamic measurement device of embodiment 2；
Fig. 5 is the structural schematic diagram of train wheel to be measured.
Label declaration in schematic diagram: 0, velocity sensor；1, it starts switch；2, first laser displacement sensor；3,
Dual-laser displacement sensor；4, third laser displacement sensor；5, the 4th laser displacement sensor；6, the first mounting bracket；7,
Shutdown switch；8, track；9, wheel；10, the second mounting bracket.
Specific embodiment
To further appreciate that the contents of the present invention, now in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is described in detail.
Embodiment 1
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of train wheel geometric parameter on-line dynamic measurement device of the present embodiment, including along train row
Direction is sailed successively to be installed on the velocity sensor 0 of 8 inside of track, start switch 1, first laser displacement sensor 2, second laser
Displacement sensor 3, third laser displacement sensor 4, the 4th laser displacement sensor 5 and shutdown switch 7.Wherein first laser position
The detection light velocity of displacement sensor 2, second laser displacement sensor 3 and third laser displacement sensor 4 is each perpendicular to rail top face
Upwards, the detection light beam of second laser displacement sensor 3 and the 4th laser displacement sensor 5 is each perpendicular to rim face in wheel 9, and
There are slanted angle α with 8 top surface of track for the detection light beam of 4th laser displacement sensor 5.Above-mentioned first laser displacement sensor 2
It is one-dimensional laser displacement sensor with third laser displacement sensor 4, second laser displacement sensor 3 and the 4th laser displacement pass
Sensor 5 is two-dimensional laser displacement sensor, and four laser displacement sensors are mounted in the first mounting bracket 6, and it is detected
Frequency is identical.
Meanwhile the detection light beam edge of first laser displacement sensor 2 and third laser displacement sensor 4 is flat in the present embodiment
The capable line in orbital direction is perpendicular to plane, the velocity sensor where the detection light beam of second laser displacement sensor 3
0,1, first laser displacement sensor 2, second laser displacement sensor 3, third laser displacement sensor the 4, the 4th are started switch
Laser displacement sensor 5 and shutdown switch 7 are connected with control system, and four laser displacement sensors with data processing system
System is connected.
Train wheel geometric parameter is measured using the on-line dynamic measurement device of the present embodiment, when starting switch 1
When being triggered, four laser displacement sensors carry out detection acquisition simultaneously, when shutdown switch 7 is triggered, four laser displacements
Sensor is simultaneously stopped detection acquisition, and four collected data of sensor are transmitted to data processing system and are handled, i.e.,
The geometric parameter for obtaining train wheel, in conjunction with Fig. 1, Fig. 5, the present embodiment carries out the detailed process of data processing are as follows:
Step 1: using the sense probe location of first laser displacement sensor 2 as coordinate origin, being parallel to that This train is bound for XXX
For X-axis, vertical track top surface upwardly direction is that Y-axis establishes coordinate system；
Step 2: interception first laser displacement sensor 2, second laser displacement sensor 3 and third laser displacement sensor
4 rangings are from the data for being effective distance value；
Step 3: the measurement in the data of interception, to first laser displacement sensor 2 and third laser displacement sensor 4
Data are fitted, obtain on different moments two laser displacement sensors sensing heads to wheel the distance value [di2] of certain point and
[di4] finds the corresponding distance value of own coordinate xa and wheel rim apex in 3 data intercepts of second laser displacement sensor
Distance value obtains [di3a] and [di3] after fitting, wherein minimum value is respectively d3a and d3；Above-mentioned xa refers to that first laser is displaced
Sensor 2 and third displacement sensor 4 detect light beam along the line and second laser displacement sensing for being parallel to rail top face direction
Abscissa where the intersection point of plane where device 3 detects light beam in 3 local Coordinate System of second laser displacement sensor；
Step 4: according to the coordinate system established in step 1, the distance value in conjunction with measured by each laser displacement sensor is obtained
Three coordinates { (0, di2) }, { (L1, di3a-h1) } and { (L2, di4-h2) } of certain circumference on to different moments wheel, benefit
With 3 points at round principle, the diameter value [Di] of the circumference on different moments wheel is calculated；
Wherein L1 is the sensing head for sensing head to second laser displacement sensor 3 of first laser displacement sensor 2 along flat
Row is in the distance in rail top face direction, unit mm；L2 is that sensing head to the third laser displacement of first laser displacement sensor 2 passes
The sensing head of sensor 4 is along the distance for being parallel to rail top face direction, unit mm；H1 is the sensing of first laser displacement sensor 2
Difference in height of the head to the sensing head edge of second laser displacement sensor 3 perpendicular to rail top face direction, unit mm, and work as first and swash
The sensing head height of Optical displacement sensor 2 h1 when the sensing head of second laser displacement sensor 3 is positive, otherwise is negative；H2 is
The sensing head of one laser displacement sensor 2 is to the sensing head edge of third laser displacement sensor 4 perpendicular to rail top face direction
Difference in height, unit mm, and when the sensing head height of first laser displacement sensor 2 is in the sensing head of third laser displacement sensor 4
When h2 be positive, otherwise be negative；
Step 5: finding out the mean diameter on wheel rim vertex, calculation formula is
Step 6: finding out that the smallest profile of wheel rim vertex distance value in 3 measuring wheel profiles of second laser displacement sensor
Line C, and calculate diameter value corresponding to each point distance value, calculation formula on the contour line are as follows:
Dj=D-2 (Zj- Z) (j=1,2,3 ... ...)
In formula: D is wheel rim vertex circular diameter, mm；Distance value of the Z for wheel rim vertex in selected contour line, mm,
That is lowest distance value；ZjFor the distance value of other each points in selected contour line, mm；
Step 7: calculating in 5 measuring wheel profiles of the 4th laser displacement sensor by wheel normal or closest to wheel normal
Lines of outline number, calculated result round, calculation formula are as follows:
In formula: C is the profile in 3 measuring wheel profiles of second laser displacement sensor when wheel rim apex distance value minimum
Item number where line, i.e. contour line C；R is wheel rim vertex radius of circle, unit mm；Z is 3 measuring wheel exterior features of second laser displacement sensor
Apart from the smallest distance in wheel rim vertex, unit mm in line；V is train running speed, unit mm/ms；The laser displacement sensing that K is
Device sample frequency, unit K Hz；L3For the sensing for sensing head to the 4th laser displacement sensor 5 of second laser displacement sensor 3
Head is along the distance for being parallel to orbital direction, unit mm；
Step 8: calculating the 4th laser displacement sensor 5 and survey diameter corresponding to each point distance value on the C ' articles contour line
Value, calculation formula are as follows:
Dk=D-2 (Zk- Z`) (k=1,2,3 ...)
In formula: D is wheel rim vertex circular diameter, unit mm；Z` surveys the C ' articles wheel by the 4th laser displacement sensor 5
The distance value of wheel rim apex in profile, unit mm；ZkBy the 4th laser displacement sensor 5 survey the C ' articles contour line on other
The distance value of each point, unit mm；
Step 9: selected by interception second laser displacement sensor 3 in contour line in wheel rim face to straight between wheel rim vertex
Diameter, and in conjunction with itself X axis coordinate of second laser displacement sensor 3, constitute set of coordinates { (Xd, Dd)}；Intercept the 4th laser displacement
Diameter in contour line selected by sensor 5 outside wheel rim vertex to wheel between rim face, and with the 4th laser displacement sensor itself
X axis coordinate combine, constitute set of coordinates { (Xe, De)}；By the set of coordinates of interception, point splices characterized by wheel rim vertex again,
Remove a duplicate wheel rim apex coordinate when splicing, and X-coordinate integrated, using rim face in wheel as abscissa zero point to
The outer rim face of wheel is X-axis, obtains diameter the set of coordinates { (X of rim face to the outer rim face different location out of wheelf, Df)}；
Step 10: in set of coordinates { (Xf, Df) in find Xf=d or from diameter corresponding to the immediate abscissa of d, i.e.,
Obtain wheel tread diameter DT, wherein d is that wheel diameter measures the distance between rim face in basic point and wheel, and wheel rim is a height ofIn set of coordinates { (Xf, Df) in find and wheel rim thickness measurement basic point corresponding to abscissa on the outside of wheel rim
Xh, abscissa corresponding to rim face is denoted as X in wheel1, then wheel rim thickness is Sd=Xh-X1；In set of coordinates { (Xf, Df) in find with
Wheel rim integrated value measures the abscissa X on the outside of wheel rim corresponding to basic pointq, then wheel rim integrated value is Qr=Xh-Xq。
Embodiment 2
The train wheel geometric parameter on-line dynamic measurement device of the present embodiment, structure is substantially the same as embodiment 1, difference
Essentially consist in: the 4th laser displacement sensor 5 is installed on 8 outside of track, and its by the second mounting bracket 10 in the present embodiment
It is in α, with wheel there are slanted angle between detection light beam and rail top face between rim face there are slanted angle is β.
Train wheel geometric parameter is measured using the on-line dynamic measurement device of the present embodiment, when starting switch 1
When being triggered, four laser displacement sensors carry out detection acquisition simultaneously, when shutdown switch 7 is triggered, four laser displacements
Sensor is simultaneously stopped detection acquisition, and four collected data of sensor are transmitted to data processing system and are handled, i.e.,
Obtain the geometric parameter of train wheel.In conjunction with Fig. 2-Fig. 5, the present embodiment carries out the detailed process of data processing are as follows:
Step 1: using the sense probe location of first laser displacement sensor 2 as coordinate origin, being parallel to that This train is bound for XXX
For X-axis, vertical track top surface upwardly direction is that Y-axis establishes coordinate system；
Step 2: interception first laser displacement sensor 2, second laser displacement sensor 3 and third laser displacement sensor
4 rangings are from the data for being effective distance value；
Step 3: the measurement in the data of interception, to first laser displacement sensor 2 and third laser displacement sensor 4
Data are fitted, obtain on different moments two laser displacement sensors sensing heads to wheel the distance value [di2] of certain point and
[di4] finds the corresponding distance value of own coordinate xa and wheel rim apex in 3 data intercepts of second laser displacement sensor
Distance value obtains [di3a] and [di3] after fitting, wherein minimum value is respectively d3a and d3；Above-mentioned xa refers to that first laser is displaced
Sensor 2 and third displacement sensor 4 detect light beam along the line and second laser displacement sensing for being parallel to rail top face direction
Abscissa where the intersection point of plane where device 3 detects light beam in 3 local Coordinate System of second laser displacement sensor；
Step 4: according to the coordinate system established in step 1, the distance value in conjunction with measured by each laser displacement sensor is obtained
Three coordinates { (0, di2) }, { (L1, di3a-h1) } and { (L2, di4-h2) } of certain circumference on to different moments wheel, benefit
With 3 points at round principle, the diameter value [Di] of the circumference on different moments wheel is calculated；
Wherein L1 is the sensing head for sensing head to second laser displacement sensor 3 of first laser displacement sensor 2 along flat
Row is in the distance in rail top face direction, unit mm；L2 is that sensing head to the third laser displacement of first laser displacement sensor 2 passes
The sensing head of sensor 4 is along the distance for being parallel to rail top face direction, unit mm；H1 is the sensing of first laser displacement sensor 2
Difference in height of the head to the sensing head edge of second laser displacement sensor 3 perpendicular to rail top face direction, unit mm, and work as first and swash
The sensing head height of Optical displacement sensor 2 h1 when the sensing head of second laser displacement sensor 3 is positive, otherwise is negative；H2 is
The sensing head of one laser displacement sensor 2 is to the sensing head edge of third laser displacement sensor 4 perpendicular to rail top face direction
Difference in height, unit mm, and when the sensing head height of first laser displacement sensor 2 is in the sensing head of third laser displacement sensor 4
When h2 be positive, otherwise be negative；
Step 5: finding out the mean diameter on wheel rim vertex, calculation formula is
Step 6: finding out that the smallest profile of wheel rim vertex distance value in 3 measuring wheel profiles of second laser displacement sensor
Line C, and calculate diameter value corresponding to each point distance value, calculation formula on the contour line are as follows:
Dj=D-2 (Zj- Z) (j=1,2,3 ... ...)
In formula: D is wheel rim vertex circular diameter, mm；Distance value of the Z for wheel rim vertex in selected contour line, mm,
That is lowest distance value；ZjFor the distance value of other each points in selected contour line, mm；
Step 7: calculating in 5 measuring wheel profiles of the 4th laser displacement sensor by wheel normal or closest to wheel normal
Lines of outline number, calculated result round, calculation formula are as follows:
In formula: C is the profile in 3 measuring wheel profiles of second laser displacement sensor when wheel rim apex distance value minimum
Item number where line, i.e. contour line C；R is wheel rim vertex radius of circle, unit mm；Z is 3 measuring wheel exterior features of second laser displacement sensor
Apart from the smallest distance in wheel rim vertex, unit mm in line；V is train running speed, unit mm/ms；The laser displacement sensing that K is
Device sample frequency, unit K Hz；L3For second laser displacement sensor 3 sensing head to the 4th laser displacement sensor (5) sense
Gauge head is along the distance for being parallel to orbital direction, unit mm；
Step 8: the 4th laser displacement sensor 5 being surveyed into the C ' articles contour line and is rotated, pivoting rear wheel profile is obtained
Coordinate (the X of upper each pointi, Yi), rotation formula is
Xi=xicosβ-yisinβ
Yi=xisinβ+yicosβ
In formula: xiThe abscissa of each point on the C ' articles contour line, unit mm are surveyed by the 4th laser displacement sensor 5；yiFor
4th laser displacement sensor 5 surveys the ordinate of each point on the C ' articles contour line, unit mm；XiTo rotate through on rear-wheel profile
The abscissa of each point, unit mm；YiFor the ordinate for rotating through each point on rear-wheel profile, unit mm；β is the 4th laser displacement biography
Angle in the detection light beam and wheel of sensor 5 between rim face；
Step 9: calculating the 4th laser displacement sensor 5 and survey diameter corresponding to each point distance value on the C ' articles contour line
Value, calculation formula are as follows:
Dk=D-2 (Zk- Z`) (k=1,2,3 ...)
In formula: D is wheel rim vertex circular diameter, unit mm；Z` surveys the C ' articles contour line by the 4th laser displacement sensor 5
The distance value of middle wheel rim apex, unit mm；ZkOther each points on the C ' articles contour line are surveyed by the 4th laser displacement sensor 5
The distance value at place, unit mm；
Step 10: selected by interception second laser displacement sensor 3 in contour line in wheel rim face between wheel rim vertex
Diameter, and in conjunction with itself X axis coordinate of second laser displacement sensor 3, constitute set of coordinates { (Xd, Dd)}；Intercept the 4th laser position
Contour line selected by displacement sensor 5 is passed through the diameter between rim face outside pivoting rear wheel edge vertex to wheel, and with the 4th laser displacement
The X axis coordinate of sensor itself combines, and constitutes set of coordinates { (Xe, De)}；The set of coordinates of interception is clicked through characterized by wheel rim vertex again
Row splicing, a duplicate wheel rim apex coordinate is removed when splicing, and X-coordinate is integrated, with rim face in wheel for horizontal seat
Marking zero point rim face to outside wheel is X-axis, obtains diameter the set of coordinates { (X of rim face to the outer rim face different location out of wheelf, Df)}；
Step 11: in set of coordinates { (Xf, Df) in find Xf=d or from diameter corresponding to the immediate abscissa of d, i.e.,
Obtain wheel tread diameter DT, wherein d is that wheel diameter measures the distance between rim face in basic point and wheel, and wheel rim is a height ofIn set of coordinates { (Xf, Df) in find and wheel rim thickness measurement basic point corresponding to abscissa on the outside of wheel rim
Xh, abscissa corresponding to rim face is denoted as X in wheel1, then wheel rim thickness is Sd=Xh-X1；In set of coordinates { (Xf, Df) in find with
Wheel rim integrated value measures the abscissa X on the outside of wheel rim corresponding to basic pointq, then wheel rim integrated value is Qr=Xh-Xq。
Embodiment 3
The train wheel geometric parameter on-line dynamic measurement device and measurement method of the present embodiment are the same as embodiment 1 or 2, area
Do not essentially consist in: wheel diameter measurement basic point takes 70mm with the distance between rim face in wheel d in the present embodiment.
Embodiment 4
The train wheel geometric parameter on-line dynamic measurement device and measurement method of the present embodiment are the same as embodiment 1 or 2, area
It does not essentially consist in: the corresponding diameter D of wheel rim thickness measurement basic point in the present embodimenth=DT+20。
Embodiment 5
The train wheel geometric parameter on-line dynamic measurement device and measurement method of the present embodiment are the same as embodiment 1 or 2, area
It does not essentially consist in: the corresponding diameter D of wheel rim thickness measurement basic point in the present embodimenth=DT+24。
Embodiment 6
The train wheel geometric parameter on-line dynamic measurement device and measurement method of the present embodiment are the same as embodiment 1 or 2, area
It does not essentially consist in: the corresponding wheel rim outside diameter D of wheel rim integrated value measurement basic point in the present embodimentq=D-4.
Schematically the present invention and embodiments thereof are described above, description is not limiting, institute in attached drawing
What is shown is also one of embodiments of the present invention, and actual structure is not limited to this.So if the common skill of this field
Art personnel are enlightened by it, without departing from the spirit of the invention, are not inventively designed and the technical solution
Similar frame mode and embodiment, are within the scope of protection of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of train wheel geometric parameter on-line dynamic measurement device, it is characterised in that: including along This train is bound for XXX successively
It is installed on the velocity sensor (0) on the inside of track (8), starts switch (1), first laser displacement sensor (2), second laser position
Displacement sensor (3), third laser displacement sensor (4) and shutdown switch (7) further include the 4th laser displacement sensor (5),
Middle first laser displacement sensor (2), second laser displacement sensor (3) and third laser displacement sensor (4) detection light
It is upward that speed is each perpendicular to rail top face, and first laser displacement sensor (2) and third laser displacement sensor (4) are one-dimensional sharp
Optical displacement sensor, second laser displacement sensor (3) and the 4th laser displacement sensor (5) are two-dimensional laser displacement sensing
Device.
2. a kind of train wheel geometric parameter on-line dynamic measurement device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described
4th laser displacement sensor (5) is installed on the inside of track (8), and it detects beam orthogonal in the interior rim face of wheel (9), and and rail
There are slanted angle α for road (8) top surface.
3. a kind of train wheel geometric parameter on-line dynamic measurement device according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: described
First laser displacement sensor (2), second laser displacement sensor (3), third laser displacement sensor (4) and the 4th laser position
Displacement sensor (5) is mounted on the first mounting bracket (6).
4. a kind of train wheel geometric parameter on-line dynamic measurement device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described
4th laser displacement sensor (5) is installed on the outside of track (8), and there are slanted angles between its detection light beam and rail top face
Between rim face there are slanted angle to be β in α, with wheel.
5. a kind of train wheel geometric parameter on-line dynamic measurement device according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: described
First laser displacement sensor (2), second laser displacement sensor (3) and third laser displacement sensor (4) are mounted on
In one mounting bracket (6), the 4th laser displacement sensor (5) is installed on the second mounting bracket (10).
6. a kind of train wheel geometric parameter on-line dynamic measurement device according to any one of claims 1-5, special
Sign is: the detection beam orthogonal of the second laser displacement sensor (3) is in the interior rim face of wheel (9), and four laser displacements
The look-in frequency of sensor is identical.
7. a kind of train wheel geometric parameter on-line dynamic measurement device according to any one of claims 1-5, special
Sign is: the detection light beam edge of the first laser displacement sensor (2) and third laser displacement sensor (4) is parallel to track
The line in direction is perpendicular to plane where the detection light beam of second laser displacement sensor (3).
8. a kind of train wheel geometric parameter on-line dynamic measurement device according to any one of claims 1-5, special
Sign is: the velocity sensor (0) starts switch (1), first laser displacement sensor (2), second laser displacement sensor
(3), third laser displacement sensor (4), the 4th laser displacement sensor (5) and shutdown switch (7) are connected with control system,
And four laser displacement sensors are connected with data processing system.
9. a kind of train wheel geometric parameter on-line dynamic measurement method, it is characterised in that: by the 4th laser displacement sensor (5)
It is installed on the inside of track (8), when starting switch (1) and being triggered, four laser displacement sensors carry out detection acquisition simultaneously, when
When shutdown switch (7) is triggered, four laser displacement sensors are simultaneously stopped detection acquisition, by four collected numbers of sensor
Geometric parameter to get train wheel is handled according to data processing system is transmitted to, carries out the detailed process of data processing are as follows:
Step 1: using the sense probe location of first laser displacement sensor (2) as coordinate origin, being parallel to that This train is bound for XXX as X
Axis, vertical track top surface upwardly direction are that Y-axis establishes coordinate system；
Step 2: interception first laser displacement sensor (2), second laser displacement sensor (3) and third laser displacement sensor
(4) institute's ranging is from the data for being effective distance value；
Step 3: the measurement in the data of interception, to first laser displacement sensor (2) and third laser displacement sensor (4)
Data are fitted, obtain on different moments two laser displacement sensors sensing heads to wheel the distance value [di2] of certain point and
[di4] finds the corresponding distance value of own coordinate xa and wheel rim apex in second laser displacement sensor (3) institute data intercept
Distance value, [di3a] and [di3] are obtained after fitting, wherein minimum value is respectively d3a and d3；Above-mentioned xa refers to first laser position
Displacement sensor (2) and third displacement sensor (4) detection light beam are along the line and second laser position for being parallel to rail top face direction
Horizontal seat where the intersection point of plane where displacement sensor (3) detects light beam in second laser displacement sensor (3) local Coordinate System
Mark；
Step 4: according to the coordinate system established in step 1, the distance value in conjunction with measured by each laser displacement sensor is obtained not
In the same time on wheel certain circumference three coordinates { (0, di2) }, { (L1, di3a-h1) } and { (L2, di4-h2) }, utilize three
Point calculates the diameter value [Di] of the circumference on different moments wheel at round principle；
Wherein L1 be first laser displacement sensor (2) sensing head to second laser displacement sensor (3) sensing head along flat
Row is in the distance in rail top face direction, unit mm；L2 is the sensing head of first laser displacement sensor (2) to third laser displacement
The sensing head of sensor (4) is along the distance for being parallel to rail top face direction, unit mm；H1 is first laser displacement sensor (2)
Sensing head to second laser displacement sensor (3) sensing head along perpendicular to rail top face direction difference in height, unit mm, and
When sensing head of the sensing head height of first laser displacement sensor (2) in second laser displacement sensor (3), h1 is positive, on the contrary
It is negative；H2 be first laser displacement sensor (2) sensing head to third laser displacement sensor (4) sensing head along perpendicular to
The difference in height in rail top face direction, unit mm, and when the sensing head height of first laser displacement sensor (2) is in third laser displacement
H2 is positive when the sensing head of sensor (4), otherwise is negative；
Step 5: finding out the mean diameter on wheel rim vertex, calculation formula is
Step 6: finding out that the smallest contour line of wheel rim vertex distance value in second laser displacement sensor (3) institute measuring wheel profile
C, and calculate diameter value corresponding to each point distance value, calculation formula on the contour line are as follows:
Dj=D-2 (Zj- Z) (j=1,2,3 ... ...)
In formula: D is wheel rim vertex circular diameter, mm；Distance value of the Z for wheel rim vertex in selected contour line, mm, i.e., most
Small distance value；ZjFor the distance value of other each points in selected contour line, mm；
Step 7: calculating in the 4th laser displacement sensor (5) institute measuring wheel profile by wheel normal or closest to wheel normal
Lines of outline number, calculated result round, calculation formula are as follows:
In formula: C is the contour line in second laser displacement sensor (3) institute measuring wheel profile when wheel rim apex distance value minimum,
That is item number where contour line C；R is wheel rim vertex radius of circle, unit mm；Z is second laser displacement sensor (3) institute measuring wheel profile
It is middle apart from the smallest distance in wheel rim vertex, unit mm；V is train running speed, unit mm/ms；The laser displacement sensor that K is
Sample frequency, unit K Hz；L3For second laser displacement sensor (3) sensing head to the 4th laser displacement sensor (5) sense
Gauge head is along the distance for being parallel to orbital direction, unit mm；
Step 8: calculating the 4th laser displacement sensor (5) and survey diameter corresponding to each point distance value on the C ' articles contour line
Value, calculation formula are as follows:
Dk=D-2 (Zk- Z`) (k=1,2,3 ...)
In formula: D is wheel rim vertex circular diameter, unit mm；Z` surveys the C ' articles profile by the 4th laser displacement sensor (5)
The distance value of wheel rim apex in line, unit mm；ZkBy the 4th laser displacement sensor (5) survey the C ' articles contour line on other
The distance value of each point, unit mm；
Step 9: selected by interception second laser displacement sensor (3) in contour line in wheel rim face to straight between wheel rim vertex
Diameter, and in conjunction with second laser displacement sensor (3) itself X axis coordinate, constitute set of coordinates { (Xd, Dd)}；Intercept the 4th laser position
Diameter in contour line selected by displacement sensor (5) outside wheel rim vertex to wheel between rim face, and with the 4th laser displacement sensor
The X axis coordinate of itself combines, and constitutes set of coordinates { (Xe, De)}；By the set of coordinates of interception, point is spelled characterized by wheel rim vertex again
It connects, a duplicate wheel rim apex coordinate is removed when splicing, and X-coordinate is integrated, using rim face in wheel as abscissa zero
Point rim face to outside wheel is X-axis, obtains diameter the set of coordinates { (X of rim face to the outer rim face different location out of wheelf, Df)}；
Step 10: in set of coordinates { (Xf, Df) in find Xf=d or from diameter corresponding to the immediate abscissa of d to get vehicle
Wheel tread diameter DT, wherein d is that wheel diameter measures the distance between rim face in basic point and wheel, and wheel rim is a height ofIn set of coordinates { (Xf, Df) in find and wheel rim thickness measurement basic point corresponding to abscissa on the outside of wheel rim
Xh, abscissa corresponding to rim face is denoted as X in wheel1, then wheel rim thickness is Sd=Xh-X1；In set of coordinates { (Xf, Df) in find with
Wheel rim integrated value measures the abscissa X on the outside of wheel rim corresponding to basic pointq, then wheel rim integrated value is Qr=Xh-Xq。
10. a kind of train wheel geometric parameter on-line dynamic measurement method, it is characterised in that: by the 4th laser displacement sensor
(5) it is installed on the outside of track (8), when starting switch (1) and being triggered, four laser displacement sensors carry out detection simultaneously and adopt
Collection, when shutdown switch (7) is triggered, four laser displacement sensors are simultaneously stopped detection acquisition, and four sensors are acquired
To data be transmitted to data processing system and handled geometric parameter to get train wheel, carry out the specific of data processing
Process are as follows:
Step 1: using the sense probe location of first laser displacement sensor (2) as coordinate origin, being parallel to that This train is bound for XXX as X
Axis, vertical track top surface upwardly direction are that Y-axis establishes coordinate system；
Step 2: interception first laser displacement sensor (2), second laser displacement sensor (3) and third laser displacement sensor
(4) institute's ranging is from the data for being effective distance value；
Step 3: the measurement in the data of interception, to first laser displacement sensor (2) and third laser displacement sensor (4)
Data are fitted, obtain on different moments two laser displacement sensors sensing heads to wheel the distance value [di2] of certain point and
[di4] finds the corresponding distance value of own coordinate xa and wheel rim apex in second laser displacement sensor (3) institute data intercept
Distance value, [di3a] and [di3] are obtained after fitting, wherein minimum value is respectively d3a and d3；Above-mentioned xa refers to first laser position
Displacement sensor (2) and third displacement sensor (4) detection light beam are along the line and second laser position for being parallel to rail top face direction
Horizontal seat where the intersection point of plane where displacement sensor (3) detects light beam in second laser displacement sensor (3) local Coordinate System
Mark；
Step 4: according to the coordinate system established in step 1, the distance value in conjunction with measured by each laser displacement sensor is obtained not
In the same time on wheel certain circumference three coordinates { (0, di2) }, { (L1, di3a-h1) } and { (L2, di4-h2) }, utilize three
Point calculates the diameter value [Di] of the circumference on different moments wheel at round principle；
Wherein L1 be first laser displacement sensor (2) sensing head to second laser displacement sensor (3) sensing head along flat
Row is in the distance in rail top face direction, unit mm；L2 is the sensing head of first laser displacement sensor (2) to third laser displacement
The sensing head of sensor (4) is along the distance for being parallel to rail top face direction, unit mm；H1 is first laser displacement sensor (2)
Sensing head to second laser displacement sensor (3) sensing head along perpendicular to rail top face direction difference in height, unit mm, and
When sensing head of the sensing head height of first laser displacement sensor (2) in second laser displacement sensor (3), h1 is positive, on the contrary
It is negative；H2 be first laser displacement sensor (2) sensing head to third laser displacement sensor (4) sensing head along perpendicular to
The difference in height in rail top face direction, unit mm, and when the sensing head height of first laser displacement sensor (2) is in third laser displacement
H2 is positive when the sensing head of sensor (4), otherwise is negative；
Step 5: finding out the mean diameter on wheel rim vertex, calculation formula is
Step 6: finding out that the smallest contour line of wheel rim vertex distance value in second laser displacement sensor (3) institute measuring wheel profile
C, and calculate diameter value corresponding to each point distance value, calculation formula on the contour line are as follows:
Dj=D-2 (Zj- Z) (j=1,2,3 ... ...)
In formula: D is wheel rim vertex circular diameter, mm；Distance value of the Z for wheel rim vertex in selected contour line, mm, i.e., most
Small distance value；ZjFor the distance value of other each points in selected contour line, mm；
Step 7: calculating in the 4th laser displacement sensor (5) institute measuring wheel profile by wheel normal or closest to wheel normal
Lines of outline number, calculated result round, calculation formula are as follows:
In formula: C is the contour line in second laser displacement sensor (3) institute measuring wheel profile when wheel rim apex distance value minimum,
That is item number where contour line C；R is wheel rim vertex radius of circle, unit mm；Z is second laser displacement sensor (3) institute measuring wheel profile
It is middle apart from the smallest distance in wheel rim vertex, unit mm；V is train running speed, unit mm/ms；The laser displacement sensor that K is
Sample frequency, unit K Hz；L3For second laser displacement sensor (3) sensing head to the 4th laser displacement sensor (5) sense
Gauge head is along the distance for being parallel to orbital direction, unit mm；
Step 8: the 4th laser displacement sensor (5) being surveyed into the C ' articles contour line and is rotated, is obtained on pivoting rear wheel profile
Coordinate (the X of each pointi, Yi), rotation formula is
Xi=xi cosβ-yi sinβ
Yi=xi sinβ+yi cosβ
In formula: xiThe abscissa of each point on the C ' articles contour line, unit mm are surveyed by the 4th laser displacement sensor (5)；yiIt is
Four laser displacement sensors (5) survey the ordinate of each point on the C ' articles contour line, unit mm；XiTo rotate through on rear-wheel profile
The abscissa of each point, unit mm；YiFor the ordinate for rotating through each point on rear-wheel profile, unit mm；β is the 4th laser displacement biography
Angle in the detection light beam and wheel of sensor (5) between rim face；
Step 9: calculating the 4th laser displacement sensor (5) and survey diameter corresponding to each point distance value on the C ' articles contour line
Value, calculation formula are as follows:
Dk=D-2 (Zk- Z`) (k=1,2,3 ...)
In formula: D is wheel rim vertex circular diameter, unit mm；Z` is surveyed in the C ' articles contour line by the 4th laser displacement sensor (5)
The distance value of wheel rim apex, unit mm；ZkOther each points on the C ' articles contour line are surveyed by the 4th laser displacement sensor (5)
The distance value at place, unit mm；
Step 10: selected by interception second laser displacement sensor (3) in contour line in wheel rim face to straight between wheel rim vertex
Diameter, and in conjunction with second laser displacement sensor (3) itself X axis coordinate, constitute set of coordinates { (Xd, Dd)}；Intercept the 4th laser position
Contour line selected by displacement sensor (5) through the diameter between rim face outside pivoting rear wheel edge vertex to wheel, and with the 4th laser displacement
The X axis coordinate of sensor itself combines, and constitutes set of coordinates { (Xe, De)}；Again by the set of coordinates of interception characterized by wheel rim vertex point
Spliced, a duplicate wheel rim apex coordinate is removed when splicing, and X-coordinate is integrated, is cross with rim face in wheel
Co-ordinate zero point rim face to outside wheel is X-axis, obtains diameter the set of coordinates { (X of rim face to the outer rim face different location out of wheelf,
Df)}；
Step 11: in set of coordinates { (Xf, Df) in find Xf=d or from diameter corresponding to the immediate abscissa of d to get vehicle
Wheel tread diameter DT, wherein d is that wheel diameter measures the distance between rim face in basic point and wheel, and wheel rim is a height ofIn set of coordinates { (Xf, Df) in find and wheel rim thickness measurement basic point corresponding to abscissa on the outside of wheel rim
Xh, abscissa corresponding to rim face is denoted as X in wheel1, then wheel rim thickness is Sd=Xh-X1；In set of coordinates { (Xf, Df) in find with
Wheel rim integrated value measures the abscissa X on the outside of wheel rim corresponding to basic pointq, then wheel rim integrated value is Qr=Xh-Xq。
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| CN110030936A (en) * | 2019-03-28 | 2019-07-19 | 唐山百川智能机器股份有限公司 | Non-contact type locomotive wheel diameter measuring device |
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| JP2012173254A (en) * | 2011-02-24 | 2012-09-10 | Hitachi High-Technologies Corp | Inspection measurement method and apparatus |
| CN104648440A (en) * | 2015-02-13 | 2015-05-27 | 北京交通大学 | Online measurement system and method for geometric parameters of wheel set |
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