CN109017212B - New energy bus compartment and battery centralized thermal management system - Google Patents
New energy bus compartment and battery centralized thermal management system Download PDFInfo
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- CN109017212B CN109017212B CN201811114744.0A CN201811114744A CN109017212B CN 109017212 B CN109017212 B CN 109017212B CN 201811114744 A CN201811114744 A CN 201811114744A CN 109017212 B CN109017212 B CN 109017212B
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 143
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 97
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000002528 anti-freeze Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00271—HVAC devices specially adapted for particular vehicle parts or components and being connected to the vehicle HVAC unit
- B60H1/00278—HVAC devices specially adapted for particular vehicle parts or components and being connected to the vehicle HVAC unit for the battery
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00357—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles
- B60H1/00385—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles for vehicles having an electrical drive, e.g. hybrid or fuel cell
- B60H1/00392—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles for vehicles having an electrical drive, e.g. hybrid or fuel cell for electric vehicles having only electric drive means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00357—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles
- B60H1/00385—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles for vehicles having an electrical drive, e.g. hybrid or fuel cell
- B60H1/004—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles for vehicles having an electrical drive, e.g. hybrid or fuel cell for vehicles having a combustion engine and electric drive means, e.g. hybrid electric vehicles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/02—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant
- B60H1/03—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant and from a source other than the propulsion plant
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/02—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant
- B60H1/14—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant otherwise than from cooling liquid of the plant, e.g. heat from the grease oil, the brakes, the transmission unit
- B60H1/143—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant otherwise than from cooling liquid of the plant, e.g. heat from the grease oil, the brakes, the transmission unit the heat being derived from cooling an electric component, e.g. electric motors, electric circuits, fuel cells or batteries
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
- F25B41/20—Disposition of valves, e.g. of on-off valves or flow control valves
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
- F25B41/30—Expansion means; Dispositions thereof
- F25B41/31—Expansion valves
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/615—Heating or keeping warm
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
- H01M10/625—Vehicles
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/66—Heat-exchange relationships between the cells and other systems, e.g. central heating systems or fuel cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/66—Heat-exchange relationships between the cells and other systems, e.g. central heating systems or fuel cells
- H01M10/663—Heat-exchange relationships between the cells and other systems, e.g. central heating systems or fuel cells the system being an air-conditioner or an engine
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
- Y02B30/70—Efficient control or regulation technologies, e.g. for control of refrigerant flow, motor or heating
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/80—Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
- Y02T10/88—Optimized components or subsystems, e.g. lighting, actively controlled glasses
Abstract
The invention relates to a new energy bus compartment and battery centralized heat management system, which comprises various structures of an air conditioning system, a water pump, an expansion water tank, a battery box, a radiator, a heater, a heat exchanger and an external radiator, wherein the air conditioning system circulates by adopting a refrigerant, the heat management system adopts an antirust and antifreezing solution as circulating liquid, and the battery box is used for carrying out heat exchange with a battery; the carriage radiator is used for carrying out heat exchange with air in the carriage; the heat exchanger is used for exchanging heat with external cold sources or heat sources which can be of various sources, and the external radiator is used for exchanging heat with ambient air; the invention has the advantages of battery cooling mode, battery heating mode and carriage heating mode, and has the advantages of optimizing structure, bottom heating and riding comfort of integrated heat management, thereby forming a carriage and battery integrated heat management system suitable for new energy buses, realizing reasonable comprehensive utilization of the whole car energy, maximizing energy conservation and consumption reduction, and having positive promotion effect on the development of new energy buses.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of research and development and manufacturing of new energy automobiles, and particularly relates to a new energy bus compartment and a battery centralized heat management system.
Background
Due to the shortage of petroleum resources and environmental protection, new energy automobiles are being greatly propelled by governments and automobile manufacturers around the world. At present, the power of the new energy bus is mainly provided by a battery, so that the performance of the power battery is an important index of the performance of the new energy bus. In addition, new energy buses increasingly adopt a fast charging technology, and key factors influencing the fast charging technology also relate to a thermal management technology of batteries. At present, a ternary lithium battery is a power battery which is widely accepted to be suitable for new energy automobiles due to high energy density. However, ternary lithium batteries are particularly sensitive to temperature: in summer, the battery can be quickly heated in the charging process, the battery needs to be subjected to heat management and timely cooled, and otherwise, the battery has the risk of thermal runaway; in the running process of the new energy bus, the power battery is also required to be thermally managed and cooled in time. In the charging process in winter, the temperature of the battery is usually too low, which can seriously affect the charging amount of the battery and further affect the cruising ability of the passenger car, so that the battery charging in winter needs to preheat the power battery. The power battery of the new energy bus can only play the best performance at a stable temperature, so that the service life of the battery can be prolonged, and the performance of the new energy bus is ensured. Therefore, thermal management of the power battery of the new energy automobile is highly emphasized.
At present, the battery thermal management technology adopted by the new energy passenger car mainly adopts the technical scheme of an independent air conditioning unit. According to the technical scheme, the battery of the new energy bus is independently provided with the air conditioning unit, the battery is cooled in summer, and the battery is heated in winter, so that the stability of the temperature of the battery is ensured. However, the technical scheme requires the whole car to reserve additional air conditioner installation space, so that not only is the occupied space increased, but also the weight of the whole car is increased, and thus the whole new energy bus is not beneficial to the simplified design, energy conservation and consumption reduction.
The air conditioner is an important energy consumption accessory of the new energy bus, and can seriously influence the cruising ability of the whole bus and the riding comfort. At present, a set of heat pump air conditioner is adopted for refrigerating and heating of a new energy bus, so that the air conditioner cannot reach the highest energy efficiency during refrigerating or heating of the air conditioner, and particularly, the energy efficiency during heating operation is lower: because the air conditioner hot air is blown out from the air duct at the top of the vehicle, the hot air density is lower and converges towards the upper part of the carriage, so that the lower temperature of the carriage is lower, the comfort of passengers is influenced, the energy consumption of the air conditioner is increased, and the cruising ability of the whole vehicle is further influenced. Therefore, the existing new energy passenger car has the following defects in the carriage and battery thermal management technology: the battery thermal management air conditioner is high in cost, extra installation space is needed, the weight of the whole car can be increased, and energy conservation and consumption reduction of a new energy bus are not facilitated. The heat pump type electric air conditioner is used for refrigerating and heating the carriage, so that the air conditioner cannot achieve the highest energy efficiency due to the fact that refrigeration and heating are required to be considered, and hot air of the air conditioner is blown out from a roof air duct, so that energy conservation and riding comfort of a vehicle are not facilitated. The whole car carriage and the battery thermal management are separate independent devices, so that the centralized thermal management of the whole car is not realized, and the energy waste is easily caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a new energy bus compartment and battery centralized heat management system, which adopts an external cold source and an external heat source, can maximally save energy and reduce consumption, realize centralized heat management of the bus compartment and the battery, realize reasonable comprehensive utilization of the whole bus energy, realize air outlet from the bottom of the bus compartment for heat supply, can improve riding comfort, and is beneficial to development of new energy buses in China.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme.
The utility model provides a new forms of energy passenger train carriage and battery centralized heat management system, contain the compressor, a first solenoid valve, a second solenoid valve, the third heat exchanger, the evaporating fan, a first expansion valve, a second expansion valve, fourth heat exchanger and condensing fan, characterized by that, still contain the water pump, expansion tank, the battery box, carriage first radiator, carriage second radiator, carriage third radiator, the heater, first heat exchanger, second heat exchanger and car external radiator, wherein, air conditioning system adopts the refrigerant to circulate, heat management system adopts the antifreeze solution that has antifreezing, rust-resistant effect to circulate as circulating fluid, the battery box acts on and carries out heat exchange rather than the inside battery; the first radiator of the carriage, the second radiator of the carriage and the third radiator of the carriage act on the air in the carriage to exchange heat; the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger are used for carrying out heat exchange with an external cold source or an external heat source, and the external cold source or the cold provided by a vapor compression refrigeration system or the cold provided by thermoelectric refrigeration equipment or the cold provided by other cold sources; the external heat source is heat provided by a vapor compression heat pump, heat provided by thermoelectric equipment or heat provided by other heat sources; the vehicle exterior radiator is used for performing heat exchange with ambient air;
the method comprises the steps of connecting an exhaust port of a compressor with an a port of a four-way valve through a pipeline, connecting a b port of the four-way valve with one end of a first electromagnetic valve and one end of a second electromagnetic valve through a pipeline, connecting a c port of the four-way valve with an air return port of the compressor through a pipeline, connecting a d port of the four-way valve with one end of a fourth heat exchanger through a pipeline, connecting the other end of the first electromagnetic valve with one end of a third heat exchanger through a pipeline, and connecting the other end of the third heat exchanger with one end of a first electronic expansion valve through a pipeline; the other end of the second electromagnetic valve is connected with one ends of the refrigerant sides of the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger through pipelines, the other ends of the refrigerant sides of the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger are connected with one end of the second electronic expansion valve through pipelines, and the other ends of the second electronic expansion valve and the first electronic expansion valve are connected with the other end of the fourth heat exchanger;
the outlet of the water pump is connected with one end of an external heat exchanger, one end of a first heat exchanger and one end of a second heat exchanger in parallel through a pipeline, the other end of the external heat exchanger is connected with a port c of a third water valve II, the other ends of the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger are connected with a port a of the third water valve II, a port b of the third water valve II is connected with one end of a heater through a pipeline, the other end of the heater is connected with a port a of the third water valve I, a port b of the third water valve I is connected with one end of a battery box, a port c of the third water valve I is connected with one end of a first radiator of a carriage, a second radiator of the carriage and a third radiator of the carriage in parallel through a pipeline, the other ends of the first radiator of the carriage, the second radiator of the carriage and the third radiator of the carriage and the other end of the battery box are connected with the inlet end of the water pump through pipelines, an expansion water tank is arranged on an inlet pipeline of the water pump, and the expansion water tank is connected with the inlet end of the water pump; the thermal management system has three working modes: battery cooling mode, battery heating mode, and cabin heating mode:
the battery cooling mode: when the ambient temperature is higher and the battery needs an external cold source to be cooled, the port a and the port b of the tee joint water valve I are communicated, the port c of the tee joint water valve II is not communicated, circulating liquid is pumped into the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger through the water pump to absorb the external cold energy, the cooled circulating liquid enters the heater through the port a and the port b of the tee joint water valve II, the heater does not work at the moment, the cooled circulating liquid enters the battery box through the port a and the port b of the tee joint water valve I to cool the battery, and then the circulating liquid with increased temperature returns to the water pump to form a battery cooling cycle;
when the ambient temperature is lower and the battery needs to be cooled, the port a and the port b of the tee joint water valve I are communicated, the port c of the tee joint water valve II is communicated, the port a is not communicated, circulating liquid is pumped into the radiator outside the vehicle through the water pump to exchange heat with the ambient working medium, the cooled circulating liquid enters the heater through the port b and the port c of the tee joint water valve II, the heater does not work at the moment, the cooled circulating liquid enters the battery box through the port a and the port b of the tee joint water valve I to cool the battery, and then the circulating liquid with increased temperature returns to the water pump to form a battery cooling cycle;
the battery heating mode: when the battery with lower ambient temperature needs to be preheated before being charged, an port a and a port b of a third three-way water valve are communicated, a port c of the third three-way water valve is not communicated, an port a and a port b of the third three-way water valve are communicated, a circulating liquid is pumped into a first heat exchanger and a second heat exchanger through a water pump to absorb external heat, heated circulating liquid enters a heater through the port a and the port b of the third three-way water valve, if the temperature of the circulating liquid is too low, the heater does not work, if the temperature of the circulating liquid is suitable, the circulating liquid enters a battery box through the port a and the port b of the third three-way water valve to heat the battery, and then the circulating liquid with reduced temperature returns to the water pump to form a battery heating cycle;
the carriage heat supply mode: when the carriage with lower ambient temperature needs to supply heat, the port a and the port c of the tee joint water valve I are communicated, the port b is not communicated, the port a and the port b of the tee joint water valve II are communicated, the circulating liquid is pumped into the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger through the water pump to absorb external heat, the heated circulating liquid enters the heater through the port a and the port b of the tee joint water valve II, if the temperature of the circulating liquid is too low, the heater works, if the temperature of the circulating liquid is suitable, the heater does not work, the circulating liquid enters the first radiator of the carriage, the second radiator of the carriage and the third radiator of the carriage through the port a and the port c of the tee joint water valve I to exchange heat with air in the carriage, and then the circulating liquid with reduced temperature returns to the water pump to form a carriage heat supply cycle.
Further, the first radiator of the carriage, the second radiator of the carriage and the third radiator of the carriage adopt tube sheet type heat exchangers or micro-channel heat exchangers; the number of applications can be determined based on the car demand.
Further, the first radiator, the second radiator and the third radiator are arranged at the bottom or on the side wall of the carriage, and the connection modes are parallel connection or series connection.
Further, the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger adopt plate heat exchangers or double-pipe heat exchangers.
Further, the centralized thermal management system can employ one heat exchanger, or two or more heat exchangers, as desired by the design.
Further, the expansion water tank adopts a water tank with the functions of liquid adding, liquid supplementing and air exhausting.
Further, the heater is a liquid heater.
Further, the off-vehicle radiator adopts a tube-sheet heat exchanger or a micro-channel heat exchanger; which is arranged side by side with the fourth heat exchanger and shares a condensing fan.
Further, the outside radiator is arranged between the water pump and the II three-way water valve, namely, one end of the outside radiator is connected with the water pump, and the other end of the outside radiator is connected with the c port of the II three-way water valve.
Further, the evaporating fans are arranged on two sides of the third heat exchanger.
The new energy bus carriage and battery centralized heat management system has the positive effects that:
(1) Adopts the bottom heating mode: the hot water is heated by an external heat source and then is introduced into the bottom of the carriage to supply heat for the carriage, so that the problem of uneven heat of the carriage with top air supply is solved, and the problem of poor riding experience is solved.
(2) The circulating liquid is cooled or heated by using an external cold source and an external heat source, and then the circulating liquid is introduced into the battery box to cool and heat the battery, so that the heat management of the battery is realized.
(3) The integrated heat management system has the advantages of integrated heat management optimization structure and bottom heat supply, forms a carriage and battery integrated heat management system suitable for new energy buses, realizes reasonable comprehensive utilization of the whole bus energy, can maximize energy conservation and consumption reduction, and has great promotion effect on development of new energy buses in China.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure and connection mode of the new energy bus compartment and the battery centralized heat management system of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of another arrangement of an external radiator.
The reference numerals in the figures are respectively:
1. a water pump; 2. An expansion tank;
3. a battery box; 4. A first car radiator;
5. a second car radiator; 6. A third cabin radiator;
7. i three-way water valve; 8. A heater;
9. II, a three-way water valve; 10. A first heat exchanger;
11. a second heat exchanger; 12. An external radiator;
13. a compressor; 14. A four-way valve;
15. a first electromagnetic valve; 16. A second electromagnetic valve;
17. a third heat exchanger; 18. An evaporation fan;
19. a first electronic expansion valve; 20. A second electronic expansion valve;
21. a fourth heat exchanger; 22. And a condensing fan.
Detailed Description
The following provides a specific embodiment of the new energy bus compartment and the battery centralized thermal management system according to the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the practice of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
See fig. 1. The utility model provides a new forms of energy passenger train carriage and battery centralized heat management system, contain water pump 1, expansion tank 2, battery box 3, carriage first radiator 4, carriage second radiator 5, carriage third radiator 6, I three way valve 7, heater 8, II three way valve 9 first heat exchanger 10, second heat exchanger 11, car external radiator 12, compressor 13, four way valve 14, first solenoid valve 15, second solenoid valve 16, third heat exchanger 17, evaporation fan 18, first expansion valve 19, second expansion valve 20, fourth heat exchanger 21, condensation fan 22 and compressor 13, first solenoid valve 15, second solenoid valve 16, third heat exchanger 17, evaporation fan 18, first expansion valve 19, second expansion valve 20, fourth heat exchanger 21 and condensation fan 22; the air conditioning system circulates by adopting a refrigerant, and the thermal management system circulates by adopting an antifreezing solution with an antifreezing and rust-preventing function as a circulating solution.
In practice, the components and connections involved in the air conditioning system and the battery box 3 may take the form of existing components and connections. The expansion water tank 2 is a water tank with the functions of liquid adding, liquid supplementing and air exhausting. The battery box 3 serves to exchange heat with the battery inside.
The heater 8 is a liquid heater. The external radiator 12 adopts a tube-fin heat exchanger or a micro-channel heat exchanger and is used for heat exchange with ambient air. The off-vehicle radiator 12 is arranged side by side with the fourth heat exchanger 21 and shares the condensing fan 22. The condensing fan 22 is disposed in the middle of the fourth heat exchanger 21—the fourth heat exchanger 21 is divided into two parts, and disposed on two sides of the condensing fan 22 respectively.
The external radiator 12 may also be arranged between the water pump 1 and the third three-way water valve 9, i.e. one end of the external radiator 12 is connected to the water pump 1, and the other end of the external radiator 12 is connected to the c-port of the third three-way water valve 9 (see fig. 2).
The evaporation fans 18 are disposed at both sides of the third heat exchanger 17. In practice, the first solenoid valve 15 and the second solenoid valve 16 are used independently of the actual operation of the air conditioner. The central control system of the automobile air conditioner is adopted to control the heat management system of the invention.
The first carriage radiator 4, the second carriage radiator 5 and the third carriage radiator 6 can adopt a fin-type heat exchanger or a micro-channel heat exchanger, and the micro-channel heat exchanger is selected as a preferential choice; further, the number of radiators to be used may be determined according to the requirements of the vehicle cabin. The first cabin radiator 4, the second cabin radiator 5 and the third cabin radiator 6 should be connected in parallel or in series, preferably in parallel, and be arranged at the bottom or side walls, preferably at the bottom, of the cabin. The first radiator 4, the second radiator 5 and the third radiator 6 function to exchange heat with air in the vehicle cabin.
The first heat exchanger 10 and the second heat exchanger 11 adopt plate heat exchangers or double pipe heat exchangers. However, the present centralized thermal management system can employ one heat exchanger or two or more heat exchangers depending on design requirements. The first heat exchanger 10 and the second heat exchanger 11 are used for performing heat exchange with an external cold source or an external heat source, wherein the external cold source provides cold energy by a vapor compression refrigeration system or provides cold energy by thermoelectric refrigeration equipment or provides cold energy by other cold sources; the external heat source provides heat either as a vapor compression heat pump or as a thermoelectric device or as another heat source.
The thermal management system of the invention can add liquid PTC when needed, thus solving the problems of air conditioner operation under the conditions of heavy snow coverage and winter rain and poor riding comfort in the defrosting mode of the air conditioner in winter.
In practice, the exhaust port of the compressor 13 is connected with the port a of the four-way valve 14 through a pipeline, the port b of the four-way valve 14 is connected with one end of the first electromagnetic valve 15 and one end of the second electromagnetic valve 16 through a pipeline, the port c of the four-way valve 14 is connected with the air return port of the compressor 13 through a pipeline, the port d of the four-way valve 14 is connected with one end of the fourth heat exchanger 21 through a pipeline, the other end of the first electromagnetic valve 15 is connected with one end of the third heat exchanger 17 through a pipeline, and the other end of the third heat exchanger 17 is connected with one end of the first electronic expansion valve 19 through a pipeline; the other end of the second solenoid valve 16 is connected to one end of the first heat exchanger 10 and the second heat exchanger 11 on the refrigerant side through a pipeline, the other ends of the first heat exchanger 10 and the second heat exchanger 11 on the refrigerant side are connected to one end of the second electronic expansion valve 20 through a pipeline, and the other ends of the second electronic expansion valve 20 and the first electronic expansion valve 19 are connected to the other end of the fourth heat exchanger 21.
In addition, the outlet of the water pump 1 is connected in parallel with one end of the external heat exchanger 12, one end of the first heat exchanger 10 and one end of the second heat exchanger 11 through a pipeline, the other end of the external heat exchanger 12 is connected with one end of the third three-way water valve 9, the other ends of the first heat exchanger 10 and the second heat exchanger 11 are connected with one end of the third three-way water valve 9 through a pipeline, the port b of the third three-way water valve 9 is connected with one end of the heater 8 through a pipeline, the other end of the heater 8 is connected with the port a of the third three-way water valve 7, the port b of the third three-way water valve 7 is connected with one end of the battery box 3 through a pipeline, the port c of the third three-way water valve 7 is connected with one end of the first radiator 4, the second radiator 5 and the third radiator 6 of the carriage, the other ends of the first radiator 4, the second radiator 5, the third radiator 6 and the other end of the battery box 3 are connected with the inlet end of the water pump 1 through a pipeline, the expansion tank 2 is arranged on the water pump 1: and a water supplementing port of the expansion water tank 2 is connected with the inlet end of the water pump 1. Thus, the centralized thermal management system of the present invention can have three modes of operation: battery cooling mode, battery heating mode, and cabin heating mode.
The working process of the new energy bus compartment and battery centralized heat management system is as follows:
when the ambient temperature is high and the battery needs to be cooled, the thermal management system of the invention enters a battery cooling mode to operate: the water pump 1 pumps the circulating liquid into the first heat exchanger 10 and the second heat exchanger 11 to exchange heat with the cold source therein, so that the temperature of the circulating liquid is reduced; the low-temperature circulating liquid enters the II three-way water valve 9, at the moment, the port a and the port b of the II three-way water valve 9 are communicated, the port c is not communicated, the low-temperature circulating liquid enters the heater 8 through the port a and the port b of the II three-way water valve, the heater 8 does not work at the moment, then enters the I three-way water valve 7, at the moment, the port a and the port b of the I three-way water valve 7 are communicated, the port c is not communicated, the low-temperature circulating liquid enters the battery box 3 through the port a and the port b of the I three-way water valve 7 to exchange heat with the battery, so that the temperature of the battery is reduced, and the temperature of the circulating liquid is increased; the lifted circulating liquid returns to the water pump 1 to form a battery cooling circulation.
At this time, the vehicle air conditioning system performs refrigeration operation, high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant vapor discharged by the compressor 13 enters the fourth heat exchanger 21 through the port a and the port d of the four-way valve 14 and exchanges heat with an environmental medium through the condensing fan 22, and the refrigerant vapor is cooled into high-pressure refrigerant liquid; the refrigerant liquid then splits into two paths: the first path enters a first electronic expansion valve 19, the second path enters a second electronic expansion valve 20, the refrigerant in the first electronic expansion valve 19 and the second electronic expansion valve 20 is throttled and depressurized into low-temperature low-pressure gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant, then the first path enters a third heat exchanger 17 to exchange heat with air in a carriage, the refrigerant evaporates and absorbs heat of the carriage to form refrigerant steam, and the temperature of the carriage is reduced simultaneously; the second path enters the first heat exchanger 10 and the second heat exchanger 11, absorbs the heat of the antifreeze solution and evaporates into gas refrigerant, at this time, the antifreeze solution is cooled into low-temperature antifreeze solution, and the gas refrigerant returns to the compressor 13 through the second electromagnetic valve 16 and the ports a and b of the four-way valve 14, so that a refrigeration cycle is formed.
When the ambient temperature is lower and the battery needs to be cooled, the automobile air conditioning system is not required to be refrigerated and run, and the heat exchange between the external radiator 12 and the ambient working medium is only needed. The thermal management system of the present invention will enter battery cooling mode operation: the water pump 1 pumps the circulating liquid into the radiator 12 outside the vehicle, and the temperature of the circulating liquid is reduced through heat exchange between the condensing fan 22 and an environmental medium; the cooled circulating liquid enters a third three-way water valve 9, at the moment, an port a and a port b of the third three-way water valve 9 are communicated, a port c is not communicated, the low-temperature circulating liquid enters a heater 8 through the port a and the port b of the third three-way water valve 9, the heater 8 does not work at the moment, then enters a third three-way water valve 7, at the moment, the port a and the port b of the third three-way water valve 7 are communicated, a port c is not communicated, the low-temperature circulating liquid enters a battery box 3 through the port a and the port b of the third three-way water valve 7 to exchange heat with a battery, so that the temperature of the battery is reduced, and the temperature of the circulating liquid is increased; the heated circulating liquid returns to the water pump 1 to form a battery cooling circulation.
When the ambient temperature is low and the battery needs to be preheated during charging, the thermal management system of the invention can enter a battery heating mode for operation, and the specific operation process is as follows:
the water pump 1 pumps the circulating liquid into the first heat exchanger 10 and the second heat exchanger 11 to exchange heat with the refrigerant therein, the temperature of the circulating liquid is increased, and the refrigerant is cooled; the high-temperature circulating liquid enters the II three-way water valve 9, at the moment, the port b and the port c of the II three-way water valve 9 are communicated, the port a is not communicated, the high-temperature circulating liquid enters the heater 8 through the port b and the port c of the II three-way water valve 9, at the moment, if the temperature of the circulating liquid is insufficient, the heater 8 works, the circulating liquid is continuously heated, if the temperature of the circulating liquid reaches the requirement, the heater 8 does not work, the high-temperature circulating liquid then enters the I three-way water valve 7, at the moment, the port a and the port b of the I three-way water valve 7 are communicated, the port c is not communicated, the high-temperature circulating liquid enters the battery box 3 through the port a and the port b of the I three-way water valve 7 to exchange heat with a battery, so that the temperature of the battery is increased, and the temperature of the circulating liquid is reduced; the cooled circulating liquid returns to the water pump 1 to form a battery heating cycle.
At this time, the vehicle air conditioning system enters into a heating operation, the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant vapor discharged from the compressor 13 enters into the second electromagnetic valve 16 through the port a and the port b of the four-way valve 14, at this time, the first electromagnetic valve 15 is closed, the refrigerant enters into the first heat exchanger 10 and the second heat exchanger 11 through the second electromagnetic valve 16 to exchange heat with circulating liquid therein, the temperature of the circulating liquid rises, the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant vapor is cooled into high-pressure refrigerant liquid, enters into the second electronic expansion valve 20 to be throttled and depressurized into low-temperature and low-pressure gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant, then enters into the fourth heat exchanger 21, exchanges heat with an environmental medium through the condensing fan 22, the refrigerant absorbs heat and evaporates into refrigerant gas, and then returns to the air suction port of the compressor 13 through the port c and the port d of the four-way valve 14, and thus an air conditioning heating cycle is completed.
When the environment temperature is low and the carriage needs to supply heat, the thermal management system of the invention can enter a carriage heating mode to operate: the water pump 1 pumps the circulating liquid into the first heat exchanger 10 and the second heat exchanger 11 to exchange heat with the heat source therein, so that the temperature of the circulating liquid is increased; the high-temperature circulating liquid enters the II three-way water valve 9, at the moment, the port a and the port b of the II three-way water valve 9 are communicated, the port c is not communicated, the high-temperature circulating liquid enters the heater 8 through the port a and the port b of the II three-way water valve 9, at the moment, if the temperature of the circulating liquid is insufficient, the heater 8 continuously heats the circulating liquid, if the temperature of the circulating liquid reaches the requirement, the heater 8 does not work, the high-temperature circulating liquid then enters the I three-way water valve 7, at the moment, the port a and the port c of the I three-way water valve 7 are communicated, the port b is not communicated, and the high-temperature circulating liquid enters the first radiator 4 of the carriage, the second radiator 5 of the carriage and the third radiator 6 of the carriage through the port a and the port c of the I three-way water valve 7 to perform heat exchange with the air of the carriage, so that the temperature of the carriage is increased and the temperature of the circulating liquid is reduced; the low-temperature circulating liquid returns to the water pump 1 to form a carriage heating cycle.
At this time, the vehicle air conditioning system enters into heating operation, the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant vapor discharged by the compressor 13 enters into the second electromagnetic valve 16 through the port a and the port b of the four-way valve 14, at this time, the first electromagnetic valve 15 is closed, the refrigerant enters into the first heat exchanger 10 and the second heat exchanger 11 through the second electromagnetic valve 16 to exchange heat with circulating liquid therein, the temperature of the circulating liquid rises, the refrigerant vapor is cooled into high-pressure refrigerant liquid, the high-pressure refrigerant liquid enters into the second electronic expansion valve 20 to be throttled and depressurized into low-temperature and low-pressure gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant, and then enters into the fourth heat exchanger 21, heat exchange is carried out between the condensing fan 22 and an environment medium, the refrigerant absorbs heat and evaporates into refrigerant gas, and then the refrigerant gas returns to the air suction port of the compressor 13 through the port c and the port d of the four-way valve 14, and thus an air conditioning heating cycle is completed.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a new forms of energy passenger train carriage and battery centralized heat management system, contains compressor (13), first solenoid valve (15), second solenoid valve (16), third heat exchanger (17), evaporating fan (18), first electronic expansion valve (19), second electronic expansion valve (20), fourth heat exchanger (21) and condensing fan (22), characterized by,
the air conditioning system is circulated by adopting a refrigerant, the heat management system is circulated by adopting an antifreezing solution with antifreezing and rust-preventing functions as a circulating solution, and the battery box (3) acts on the battery in the air conditioning system to exchange heat with the battery; the first carriage radiator (4), the second carriage radiator (5) and the third carriage radiator (6) are used for performing heat exchange with air in the carriage; the first heat exchanger (10) and the second heat exchanger (11) are used for performing heat exchange with an external cold source or an external heat source, and the external cold source or the cold provided by a vapor compression refrigeration system or the cold provided by thermoelectric refrigeration equipment or the cold provided by other cold sources; the external heat source is heat provided by a vapor compression heat pump, heat provided by thermoelectric equipment or heat provided by other heat sources; the vehicle exterior radiator (12) is used for performing heat exchange with ambient air;
the method comprises the steps of connecting an exhaust port of a compressor (13) with an a port of a four-way valve (14) through a pipeline, connecting a b port of the four-way valve (14) with one end of a first electromagnetic valve (15) and one end of a second electromagnetic valve (16) through a pipeline, connecting a c port of the four-way valve (14) with an air return port of the compressor (13) through a pipeline, connecting a d port of the four-way valve (14) with one end of a fourth heat exchanger (21) through a pipeline, connecting the other end of the first electromagnetic valve (15) with one end of a third heat exchanger (17) through a pipeline, and connecting the other end of the third heat exchanger (17) with one end of a first electronic expansion valve (19) through a pipeline; the other end of the second electromagnetic valve (16) is connected with one ends of the first heat exchanger (10) and the second heat exchanger (11) on the refrigerant side through a pipeline, the other ends of the first heat exchanger (10) and the second heat exchanger (11) on the refrigerant side are connected with one end of the second electronic expansion valve (20) through a pipeline, and the other ends of the second electronic expansion valve (20) and the first electronic expansion valve (19) are connected with the other end of the fourth heat exchanger (21);
the outlet of the water pump (1) is connected with one end of an external radiator (12), one end of a first heat exchanger (10) and one end of a second heat exchanger (11) in parallel through a pipeline, the other end of the external radiator (12) is connected with a c port of a second three-way water valve (9), the other ends of the first heat exchanger (10) and the second heat exchanger (11) are connected with an a port of the second three-way water valve (9), a b port of the second three-way water valve (9) is connected with one end of a heater (8) through a pipeline, the other end of the heater (8) is connected with an a port of a third three-way water valve (7), a b port of the third three-way water valve (7) is connected with one end of a battery box (3), a c port of the third three-way water valve (7) is connected with one end of a carriage (4), a second radiator (5) and one end of a carriage (6) through a pipeline, a b port of the first radiator (4), a carriage (5) and a third radiator (6) are connected with one end of the other end of the carriage (6) through a pipeline, and the other end of the water pump (1) is connected with the water pump (2) through an inlet of the water pump (1) of the water pump; the thermal management system has three working modes: battery cooling mode, battery heating mode, and cabin heating mode:
the battery cooling mode: when the ambient temperature is higher and the battery needs an external cold source to be cooled, the port a and the port b of the tee joint water valve (7) are communicated, the port c is not communicated, the port a and the port b of the tee joint water valve (9) are communicated, the circulating liquid is pumped into the first heat exchanger (10) and the second heat exchanger (11) through the water pump (1) to absorb the external cold energy, the cooled circulating liquid enters the heater (8) through the port a and the port b of the tee joint water valve (9), the heater (8) does not work at the moment, the cooling battery enters the battery box (3) through the port a and the port b of the tee joint water valve (7), and then the circulating liquid with the increased temperature returns to the water pump (1) to form a battery cooling cycle;
when the ambient temperature is low and the battery needs to be cooled, the port a and the port b of the first three-way water valve (7) are communicated, the port c of the first three-way water valve (9) is not communicated, the port b and the port c of the second three-way water valve (9) are not communicated, circulating liquid is pumped into the external radiator (12) of the vehicle through the water pump (1) to exchange heat with the ambient working medium, the cooled circulating liquid enters the heater (8) through the port b and the port c of the second three-way water valve (9), the heater (8) does not work at the moment, the circulating liquid enters the battery box (3) through the port a and the port b of the third three-way water valve (7) to cool the battery, and then the circulating liquid with the increased temperature returns to the water pump (1) to form a battery cooling cycle;
the battery heating mode: when the battery with lower ambient temperature needs to be preheated before being charged, an a port and a b port of a first three-way water valve (7) are communicated, a c port of the first three-way water valve (9) is not communicated, an a port and a b port of a second three-way water valve (9) are communicated, a circulating liquid is pumped into a first heat exchanger (10) and a second heat exchanger (11) through a water pump (1) to absorb external heat, heated circulating liquid enters a heater (8) through the a port and the b port of the second three-way water valve (9), the heater (8) works if the temperature of the circulating liquid is too low, the heater (8) does not work if the temperature of the circulating liquid is suitable, the circulating liquid enters a battery box (3) through the a port and the b port of the first three-way water valve (7) to heat the battery, and then the circulating liquid with reduced temperature returns to the water pump (1) to form a battery heating cycle;
the carriage heat supply mode: when the carriage with lower ambient temperature needs to supply heat, the port a and the port c of the first three-way water valve (7) are communicated, the port b is not communicated, the port a and the port b of the second three-way water valve (9) are communicated, the circulating liquid is pumped into the first heat exchanger (10) and the second heat exchanger (11) through the water pump (1) to absorb the external heat, the heated circulating liquid enters the heater (8) through the port a and the port b of the second three-way water valve (9), if the temperature of the circulating liquid is too low, the heater (8) works, if the temperature of the circulating liquid is suitable, the heater (8) does not work, the circulating liquid enters the first radiator (4) of the carriage, the second radiator (5) of the carriage and the third radiator (6) of the carriage through the port a and then returns to the water pump (1) to form a heat supply cycle;
the first carriage radiator (4), the second carriage radiator (5) and the third carriage radiator (6) adopt fin-plate heat exchangers or micro-channel heat exchangers; the adopted quantity can be determined according to the carriage requirement;
the first heat exchanger (10) and the second heat exchanger (11) adopt plate heat exchangers or double-pipe heat exchangers.
2. The new energy bus compartment and battery centralized thermal management system according to claim 1, wherein the first radiator (4), the second radiator (5) and the third radiator (6) are arranged at the bottom or on the side wall of the bus compartment, and are connected in parallel or in series.
3. The concentrated thermal management system for new energy passenger cars and batteries according to claim 1, wherein the concentrated thermal management system can use one heat exchanger or two or more heat exchangers according to design requirements.
4. The new energy bus compartment and battery centralized thermal management system according to claim 1, wherein the expansion water tank (2) is a water tank with the functions of filling, supplementing and exhausting.
5. The new energy passenger car compartment and battery centralized thermal management system of claim 1, wherein the heater (8) is a liquid heater.
6. The new energy bus compartment and battery centralized thermal management system as set forth in claim 1, wherein the off-board radiator (12) employs a tube-fin heat exchanger or a microchannel heat exchanger; which is arranged side by side with the fourth heat exchanger (21) and shares a condensing fan (22).
7. The new energy bus compartment and battery centralized thermal management system according to claim 1, wherein the external radiator (12) is arranged between the water pump (1) and the second three-way water valve (9), i.e. one end of the external radiator (12) is connected with the water pump (1), and the other end of the external radiator (12) is connected with the c-port of the second three-way water valve (9).
8. The new energy bus compartment and battery centralized thermal management system as set forth in claim 1, wherein the evaporation fans (18) are disposed on both sides of the third heat exchanger (17).
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| CN201810352185.0A CN108482065A (en) | 2018-04-19 | 2018-04-19 | Integral new-energy passenger compartment and battery concentrate heat management system |
| CN2018103521850 | 2018-04-19 |
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| CN201811114744.0A Active CN109017212B (en) | 2018-04-19 | 2018-09-25 | New energy bus compartment and battery centralized thermal management system |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN109017212A (en) | 2018-12-18 |
| CN108482065A (en) | 2018-09-04 |
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