CN109014461B - Online detection and adjustment method for tension of wire electrode - Google Patents

Online detection and adjustment method for tension of wire electrode Download PDF

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CN109014461B
CN109014461B CN201810994010.XA CN201810994010A CN109014461B CN 109014461 B CN109014461 B CN 109014461B CN 201810994010 A CN201810994010 A CN 201810994010A CN 109014461 B CN109014461 B CN 109014461B
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wire electrode
length
tensioning
tungsten wire
tension
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CN109014461A (en
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于洽
许银海
陆悦
张鹏
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Changzhou Campus of Hohai University
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
    • B23H3/00—Electrochemical machining, i.e. removing metal by passing current between an electrode and a workpiece in the presence of an electrolyte
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
    • B23H11/00—Auxiliary apparatus or details, not otherwise provided for
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
    • B23H3/00—Electrochemical machining, i.e. removing metal by passing current between an electrode and a workpiece in the presence of an electrolyte
    • B23H3/04—Electrodes specially adapted therefor or their manufacture

Abstract

The invention discloses a wire electrodeThe tension on-line detection and adjustment method comprises the following specific steps: s1, selecting a tungsten wire electrode with the diameter of 1-20 um, selecting a proper tension coefficient A, installing the tungsten wire electrode on a wire electrode tensioning clamp, and pre-tensioning the tungsten wire electrode by using a micro-tension machine; s2, measuring the initial length L of the tungsten wire electrode by adopting a high-precision ohmmeter under the action of the tension coefficient A0Initial volume is V0Resistance of R0(ii) a S3, resistance value R measured according to the high-precision ohmmeter in the electrolytic machining process1And obtaining the theoretical length L according to a simultaneous formula1(ii) a S4, setting the tensioning length as the theoretical length L1And an initial length L0The difference of (a). The invention measures the resistance change through a high-precision ohmmeter, establishes a mathematical model, converts the mathematical model into the theoretical tensioning length of the wire electrode after the wire electrode is loosened in the machining process, sends the theoretical tensioning length to a computer, and manually tensions the wire electrode by using a clamp capable of tensioning the superfine tungsten wire electrode at any time, wherein the theoretical tensioning length of the wire electrode is equal to the difference between the measured wire electrode length after the wire electrode is loosened and the initial tensioning length of the wire electrode.

Description

Online detection and adjustment method for tension of wire electrode
Technical Field
The invention relates to an online detection and adjustment method for the tension of a wire electrode, which is suitable for the cutting and machining process of a micro electrolytic wire and belongs to the field of electric spark machining.
Background
The core technology of the micro-machining technology MEMS technology. In order to meet specific properties of some micro devices, MEMS systems are increasingly using difficult-to-process metal materials, and current micro-machining technology cannot be widely applied to processing of difficult-to-process metals such as high temperature alloys, titanium alloys, and the like, and the micro-machining technology in this respect needs to be developed. Electrochemical machining has mechanistic advantages in the field of micro machining, and has great development potential.
The electrolysis wire cutting adopts a micro-scale metal wire as a tool electrode to carry out numerical control movement, and utilizes the principle of electrochemical anode dissolution to cut and form a fine structure. Compared with the micro electrolytic milling machining, the micro electrolytic wire cutting machining has the advantages that the tool electrode is simple to prepare, the machining of a plane complex structure is easy to realize, the machining of a high depth-to-width ratio structure is suitable, and the like.
More and more people have conducted intensive research on the electrolytic wire cutting process technology. The Wangkun et al discusses the processing mechanism of nanosecond pulse current micro-electrolysis wire cutting and establishes a mathematical model of micro-electrolysis wire cutting processing; a processing test system is established; the triarrhena yedoensis and the like perform experimental analysis on factors influencing the side clearance of the electrolytic wire cutting, apply 5Hz micro-amplitude vibration on the anode, perform experiments on a nickel plate with the thickness of 100 mu m, and process a micro blade structure and a pentagram; in order to promote the discharge of machining gap products, a method for superposing low-frequency micro-amplitude vibration of an anode while axially reciprocating a wire electrode is proposed by consistent and the like, a mechanism that the machining precision is influenced by an electrolytic machining product in a machining gap is discussed, the influence of the anode vibration on the product discharge efficiency is experimentally researched, and technological parameters are optimized; in order to strengthen the electrolyte mass transfer in the machining gap, the technical parameter test is carried out on a thick stainless steel plate by the Zhu soldier and the like by adopting an axial liquid flushing method, and a micro spline with the seam width of 160um and the depth-width ratio of 30 is machined on a stainless steel plate with the thickness of 5 mm.
In the micro-electrolysis wire cutting process, the ultra-fine tungsten wire electrode needs to be tensioned, the method used at present is to perform pre-tensioning through a micro-tension meter, the wire electrode has a relaxation phenomenon in the process of machining, but no method is provided for proving whether the wire electrode is actually relaxed, the relaxation degree is not available, and the tensioning amount is unknown when the wire electrode is tensioned again, so the method for detecting and adjusting the wire electrode tension on line in the micro-electrolysis wire cutting process has important significance for the practical application of the micro-electrolysis wire.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides an online detection and adjustment method for the tension of a wire electrode, which is based on the fact that the ultra-fine tungsten wire electrode can be tensioned on a clamp at all times in the micro-electrolysis wire cutting and machining process, detects the theoretical length of the ultra-fine tungsten wire electrode needing to be tensioned when the ultra-fine tungsten wire electrode is loosened in the machining process, and prevents the wire electrode from being broken and loosened excessively to cause poor machining characteristic surface quality by matching with the clamp to tension the wire electrode correctly.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
a method for detecting and adjusting the tension of a wire electrode on line comprises the following specific steps:
s1, selecting a tungsten wire electrode with the diameter of 1-20 um, selecting a proper tension coefficient A, mounting the tungsten wire electrode on a wire electrode tensioning clamp, pre-tensioning the tungsten wire electrode by using a micro-tensioning machine, and supposing that the tungsten wire electrode is in an elastic range, wherein longitudinal tensile strain generated when the wire electrode is stretched at the moment
Figure BDA0001781451640000021
And transverse shrinkage strain
Figure BDA0001781451640000022
The ratio of (d) is a constant expressed as the poisson ratio μ:
ε′＝-με (3)，
the relative increments of their volumes are:
Figure BDA0001781451640000023
s2, measuring the resistance of the electrode of the tungsten wire electrode to be R by adopting an ohmmeter under the action of the tension coefficient A0And the initial length of the tungsten wire electrode is L0Initial volume is V0Then resistance R0And an initial length L0And an initial volume V0The relationship of (A) is as follows:
Figure BDA0001781451640000024
s3, loosening the tungsten wire electrode in the electrolytic machining process, changing the resistance of the wire electrode, and setting the theoretical length of the tungsten wire electrode as L1Volume of tungsten wire electrode is V1Resistance value R measured by ohmmeter1Then resistance R1Length equivalent to the theoretical length L of tungsten wire electrode1Volume V1The relationship of (A) is as follows:
Figure BDA0001781451640000025
the following can be obtained by combining (1), (4), (5) and (6):
Figure BDA0001781451640000026
wherein
Figure BDA0001781451640000031
The theoretical length L can be obtained1；
S4, tensioning the superfine tungsten wire electrode by using a clamp capable of tensioning the superfine tungsten wire electrode at any time in the process of cutting and machining the superfine electrolytic wire, wherein the tensioning length is the theoretical length L1And an initial length L0The difference of (a). Preferably, when the wire electrode has two or even more slackening phenomena, the above steps can be continuously performed, and the theoretical length of the previous time is used as the initial length of the next time, and the tensioning adjustment is performed for the second time.
Has the advantages that: the invention provides a method for detecting and adjusting the tension of a wire electrode on line, which determines whether the wire electrode is loosened and the tension required by the wire electrode by measuring the resistance at the two ends of the wire electrode, and accurately measures the tension of the wire electrode; only one high-precision ohmmeter needs to be configured, the device is suitable for different types of clamps capable of tensioning the line electrode, and is low in cost and easy to popularize.
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FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of the process of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the system of the present invention;
in the figure: the system comprises an ultrashort pulse power supply 1, a wire electrode clamp 2, a high-precision ohmmeter 3, a wire electrode 4, a data acquisition card 5, an insulating container 6 and a computer 7.
Detailed Description
In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solutions in the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
An online detection and adjustment method for the tension of a wire electrode is shown in fig. 1 and comprises the following specific steps:
s1, selecting a tungsten wire electrode with the diameter of 1-20 um, selecting a proper tension coefficient A, mounting the tungsten wire electrode on a wire electrode tensioning clamp, pre-tensioning the tungsten wire electrode by using a micro-tensioning machine, and supposing that the tungsten wire electrode is in an elastic range, wherein longitudinal tensile strain generated when the wire electrode is stretched at the moment
Figure BDA0001781451640000032
And transverse shrinkage strain
Figure BDA0001781451640000033
The ratio of (d) is a constant expressed as the poisson ratio μ:
ε′＝-με (3)；
the relative increments of their volumes are:
Figure BDA0001781451640000041
s2, measuring the resistance of the electrode of the tungsten wire electrode to be R by adopting an ohmmeter under the action of the tension coefficient A0And the initial length of the tungsten wire electrode is L0Initial volume is V0Then resistance R0And an initial length L0And an initial volume V0The relationship of (A) is as follows:
Figure BDA0001781451640000042
s3, loosening the tungsten wire electrode in the electrolytic machining process, changing the resistance of the wire electrode, and setting the theoretical length of the tungsten wire electrode as L1Volume of tungsten wire electrode is V1Resistance value R measured by ohmmeter1Then resistance R1Is theoretically long compared with the length of a tungsten wire electrodeDegree L1Volume V1The relationship of (A) is as follows:
Figure BDA0001781451640000043
the following can be obtained by combining (1), (4), (5) and (6):
Figure BDA0001781451640000044
wherein
Figure BDA0001781451640000045
The theoretical length L can be obtained1；
S4, tensioning the superfine tungsten wire electrode by using a clamp capable of tensioning the superfine tungsten wire electrode at any time in the process of cutting and machining the superfine electrolytic wire, wherein the tensioning length is the theoretical length L1And an initial length L0The difference of (a).
Preferably, when the wire electrode has two or even more slackening phenomena, the above steps can be continuously performed, and the theoretical length of the previous time is used as the initial length of the next time, and the tensioning adjustment is performed for the second time.
As shown in fig. 2, the wire electrode clamp 2 is placed in an insulating container 6 filled with NaOH liquid, the wire electrode 4 is immersed in the NaOH liquid, the wire electrode tensioning clamp 2 and the insulating container 6 are respectively connected with the anode and the cathode of the ultrashort pulse power supply 1, the electrode wire 4 is connected with the high-precision ohmmeter 3, and the high-precision ohmmeter 3 transmits the acquired data to the computer 7 for calculation through the data acquisition card 5.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Two modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims (2)

1. The method for detecting and adjusting the tension of the wire electrode on line is characterized by comprising the following specific steps of:
s1, selecting a tungsten wire electrode with the diameter of 1-20 um, selecting a tension coefficient A, mounting the tungsten wire electrode on a wire electrode tensioning clamp, pre-tensioning the tungsten wire electrode by using a micro-tension machine, and supposing that the tungsten wire electrode is in an elastic range, wherein longitudinal tensile strain generated during wire electrode stretching
Figure FDA0002354623180000011
And transverse shrinkage strain
Figure FDA0002354623180000012
The ratio of (d) is a constant expressed as the poisson ratio μ:
ε′＝-με(3)，
the relative increments of their volumes are:
Figure FDA0002354623180000013
s2, measuring the resistance of the electrode of the tungsten wire electrode to be R by adopting an ohmmeter under the action of the tension coefficient A0And the initial length of the tungsten wire electrode is L0Initial volume is V0Then resistance R0And an initial length L0And an initial volume V0The relationship of (A) is as follows:
Figure FDA0002354623180000014
s3, loosening the tungsten wire electrode in the electrolytic machining process, changing the resistance of the wire electrode, and setting the theoretical length of the tungsten wire electrode as L1Volume of tungsten wire electrode is V1Resistance value R measured by ohmmeter1Then resistance R1Length equivalent to the theoretical length L of tungsten wire electrode1Volume V1The relationship of (A) is as follows:
Figure FDA0002354623180000015
the following can be obtained by combining (1), (4), (5) and (6):
Figure FDA0002354623180000016
wherein
Figure FDA0002354623180000021
The theoretical length L can be obtained1；
S4, tensioning the superfine tungsten wire electrode by using a clamp capable of tensioning the superfine tungsten wire electrode at any time in the process of cutting and machining the superfine electrolytic wire, wherein the tensioning length is the theoretical length L1And an initial length L0The difference of (a).
2. The on-line detection and adjustment method for the tension of the wire electrode as claimed in claim 1, wherein: when the wire electrode has two or even multiple loosening phenomena, the steps can be continuously executed, the theoretical length of the previous time is used as the initial length of the next time, and the tensioning adjustment is carried out for the second time.
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