CN109008982B - Absolute flow velocity measuring device and method for Doppler optical coherence tomography - Google Patents
Absolute flow velocity measuring device and method for Doppler optical coherence tomography Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an absolute flow velocity measuring device for Doppler optical coherence tomography. The device includes: the system comprises a short coherent light source, a circulator, an optical coupler, a reference arm system, a sample arm system, a spectrometer and a computer; the short coherent light source is used for emitting short coherent laser; the circulator is arranged on an emergent light path of the short coherent light source, the optical coupler is arranged on the emergent light path of the circulator, and the optical coupler is used for dividing the short coherent laser transmitted by the circulator into two beams; the reference arm system is used for reflecting the first laser to obtain reference reflected light; the sample arm system is used for reflecting the second laser to obtain sample reflected light; the reference light reflected light and the sample reflected light enter a spectrometer; the spectrometer is used for detecting the interference spectrum of the reference reflected light and the sample reflected light; the sample arm system is also used for measuring the Doppler angle of the measured sample, and the computer calculates the absolute flow velocity according to the interference spectrum and the Doppler angle. The device can quickly and accurately calculate the absolute flow rate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of absolute flow velocity measurement, in particular to an absolute flow velocity measurement device and method for Doppler optical coherence tomography.
Background
Plerian optical coherence tomography (DOCT) has a wide range of uses, such as flow rate measurement of blood in fundus vessels to diagnose early stage diabetes, measurement of blood flow rate in cerebral vessels of small animals to study hemodynamic measurements of early-staged embryos for cerebrovascular disease. The flow rate directly calculated by DOCT is actually the projected velocity, i.e., the projected value of the particle flow velocity in the incident light direction in the sample. The projection value changes with the change of the plerian angle, so that the projection speed has a drawback in practical use. To obtain the absolute flow velocity, the doppler angle needs to be obtained. The basic principle of the existing doppler angle measurement method is to use OCT to perform angiography, use Fourier Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (FDOCT) to acquire three-dimensional structural data of the retinal papillary area, perform two-dimensional blood vessel information extraction and reconstruction of the three-dimensional blood vessel geometric structure, acquire a doppler image of OCT in a circular scanning or horizontal scanning manner, finally acquire geometric boundary data of a blood vessel according to the information extracted from the two-dimensional blood vessel, and fit the blood vessel boundary using a least square method, thereby obtaining the blood vessel center position, and obtaining the direction of the blood vessel position to be calculated along the direction of the blood vessel center line, thereby obtaining the included angle between the incident light and the blood vessel, i.e., the doppler angle. In the method, the calculation of the Doppler angle needs to be carried out to reconstruct a three-dimensional structure by OCT angiography, and a mathematical model needs to be constructed by utilizing the geometric boundary and the central line direction so as to measure the Doppler angle. The method has the defects that the three-dimensional structure cannot be reconstructed if the outer wall structure of the sample is unclear, and complicated mathematical operation is required for constructing a mathematical model, so that the process is complicated.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an absolute flow velocity measuring device and method for Doppler optical coherence tomography, which are used for quickly and accurately calculating the absolute flow velocity.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
an absolute flow velocity measurement apparatus for doppler optical coherence tomography, the apparatus comprising: the system comprises a short coherent light source, a circulator, an optical coupler, a reference arm system, a sample arm system, a spectrometer and a computer; the short coherent light source is used for emitting short coherent laser; the circulator is arranged on an emergent light path of the short coherent light source, the optical coupler is arranged on the emergent light path of the circulator, and the optical coupler is used for dividing the short coherent laser transmitted by the circulator into two beams, namely a first laser and a second laser; the reference arm system is used for reflecting the first laser to obtain reference reflected light; the sample arm system is used for reflecting the second laser to obtain sample reflected light; the reference light reflected light and the sample reflected light are coupled through the optical coupler and then enter the spectrometer through the circulator; the spectrometer is used for detecting the interference spectrum of the reference reflected light and the sample reflected light and transmitting the interference spectrum to the computer; the sample arm system is also used for measuring the Doppler angle of the measured sample; and the computer calculates the absolute flow velocity according to the interference spectrum and the Doppler angle.
Optionally, the spectrometer comprises:
a lens to collimate the coupled light;
the grating is arranged on a transmission light path of the lens and used for spreading the transmitted light according to wavelength to obtain an interference spectrum;
the focusing lens is arranged on an emergent light path of the grating and used for focusing the interference spectrum, and the focused interference spectrum enters the CCD camera;
the CCD camera is connected with the computer and used for recording the interference spectrum and transmitting the interference spectrum to the computer.
Optionally, the sample arm system comprises: the device comprises an index plate, an X-axis translation table, a Z-axis translation table, an optical flat plate and a sample arm; the optical flat plate is used for placing a sample to be measured; the sample arm, the X-axis translation stage and the Z-axis translation stage are arranged on the optical flat plate, and second laser is irradiated onto the sample to be measured by adjusting the positions of the sample arm, the X-axis translation stage and the Z-axis translation stage; the index plate is connected with the X-axis translation table and used for measuring the Doppler angle of the measured sample.
Optionally, the index plate includes: the device comprises a cursor ring, a rotating wheel, a main shaft and a tailstock; the rotating wheel is arranged on the tailstock, the cursor ring is connected with the rotating wheel, and the cursor ring is connected with the X-axis translation table through the main shaft; adjusting the incidence direction of the second laser irradiating the measured sample by rotating the rotating wheel; the cursor ring is used for measuring the Doppler angle according to the rotating angle of the rotating wheel.
An absolute flow velocity measurement method, which applies the above doppler optical coherence tomography absolute flow velocity measurement apparatus, includes:
obtaining short coherent laser;
acquiring reference reflected light and sample reflected light according to the short coherent laser;
measuring the Doppler angle of the measured sample;
obtaining an interference spectrum according to the reference reflected light and the sample reflected light;
and calculating the absolute flow velocity according to the interference spectrum and the Doppler angle.
Optionally, the obtaining a doppler angle of the detected sample according to the short coherent laser specifically includes:
adjusting a sample arm system to enable the short coherent laser to be vertical to the particle velocity direction in the detected sample, wherein the included angle between the short coherent laser and the particle velocity direction in the detected sample is 90 degrees;
rotating the index plate and measuring the rotation angle of the index plate;
and calculating a Doppler angle according to the included angle and the rotation angle.
Optionally, the calculating the absolute flow velocity according to the interference spectrum and the doppler angle specifically includes:
carrying out Fourier transform on the interference spectrum to obtain a transform result;
and calculating the absolute flow velocity according to the transformation result and the Doppler angle. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
firstly, the Doppler angle is obtained through measurement, the absolute flow velocity is obtained through calculation, the problem that the DOCT flow velocity measurement is influenced by the Doppler angle is solved, and the practicability of the DOCT technology is improved.
Secondly, the Doppler angle is directly read through the index plate, so that the method is visual and convenient, and the Doppler angle is solved without increasing scanning, so that the method is strong in operability.
Thirdly, the Doppler angle can be changed for a plurality of times by utilizing the invention, so that a plurality of experiments are carried out, and parameters such as absolute speed and the like are calculated for a plurality of times, so that the experimental result is more accurate.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without inventive exercise.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an absolute flow velocity measurement apparatus for Doppler optical coherence tomography according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a sample arm system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a method for measuring absolute flow velocity in Doppler optical coherence tomography according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating measurement of Doppler angle according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
The invention provides an absolute flow velocity measuring device for Doppler optical coherence tomography. The device utilizes the DOCT system to find the state that the longitudinal projection flow velocity of the measured sample is zero, namely the state that the detection light is vertical to the particle velocity direction in the measured sample, and the corresponding Doppler angle is pi/2-alpha can be obtained by rotating the index plate of the sample arm system by a certain angle alpha, the Doppler angle of the measured position of the sample can be measured by any shape and structure, and the operation process is simple. The doppler angle, in combination with the DOCT projection velocity, can be used to calculate the absolute flow velocity.
As shown in fig. 1, an absolute flow velocity measuring apparatus for doppler optical coherence tomography includes: short coherent light source 1, circulator 2, optical coupler 3, reference arm system 5, sample arm system 4, spectrometer 12 and computer 11. The short coherent light source 1 is used for emitting short coherent laser; the circulator 2 is arranged on an emergent light path of the short coherent light source 1, the optical coupler 3 is arranged on the emergent light path of the circulator 2, and the optical coupler 3 is used for dividing the short coherent laser transmitted by the circulator 2 into two beams, namely a first laser and a second laser. The reference arm system 5 is used for reflecting the first laser to obtain reference reflected light; the sample arm system 4 is used for reflecting the second laser to obtain sample reflected light; the reference light reflected light and the sample reflected light are coupled by the optical coupler 3 and then enter the spectrometer 12 through the circulator 2.
The spectrometer 12 is configured to spread the coupled light into an interference spectrum according to wavelength, and transmit the interference spectrum to the computer 11 through the data line 10. The spectrometer 12 includes: a lens 6 for collimating the coupled light; the grating 7 is arranged on a transmission light path of the lens 6 and used for spreading the transmitted light according to wavelength to obtain an interference spectrum; the focusing lens 8 is arranged on an emergent light path of the grating 7 and used for focusing the interference spectrum and transmitting the focused interference spectrum to the computer 11 and the CCD camera 9; the CCD camera 9 is used to record the interference spectrum.
The sample arm system 4 is also used to measure the doppler angle of the sample being measured. The computer 11 calculates the absolute flow velocity from the interference spectrum and the doppler angle.
As shown in fig. 2, the sample arm system 4 includes: an index plate 13, an X-axis translation stage 14, a Z-axis translation stage 15, an optical plate 16, and a sample arm 17. The optical flat plate 17 is used for placing a sample 19 to be measured; the sample arm 17, the X-axis translation stage 14 and the Z-axis translation stage 15 are disposed on the optical flat plate 16, and the positions of the sample arm 17, the X-axis translation stage 14 and the Z-axis translation stage 15 are adjusted to irradiate a second laser 18 onto the sample 19 to be measured; the index plate 13 is connected with the X-axis translation stage 14, and the index plate 13 is used for measuring the doppler angle of the measured sample 19.
The index plate 13 includes: cursor ring 20, wheel 23, spindle 21 and tailstock 22. The rotating wheel 23 is arranged on the tailstock 22, the cursor ring 20 is connected with the rotating wheel 23, and the cursor ring 20 is connected with the X-axis translation stage 14 through the main shaft 21; adjusting the incidence direction of the second laser irradiating the measured sample by rotating the rotating wheel; the cursor ring 20 is used for measuring the Doppler angle according to the rotating angle of the rotating wheel 23. The positions of the sample arm 17, the X-axis translation stage 14 and the Z-axis translation stage 15 are adjusted according to the imaging position path of the standard sample, so that the imaging center position of the standard sample is ensured not to change along with the rotation of the sample arm, the light focus of the sample is coaxial with the circle center of the rotating circle of the dividing disc 13, the position of a light spot is ensured not to change after the sample is rotated and is always at an equal optical path point, and the rotating angle of the dividing disc 13 can be read by the cursor ring 20.
As shown in fig. 3, the absolute flow velocity measurement method of doppler optical coherence tomography includes:
step 301: short coherent laser light is obtained.
Step 302: and acquiring reference reflected light and sample reflected light according to the short coherent laser.
Step 303: the Doppler angle of the measured sample is measured.
Adjusting a sample arm system to enable the short coherent laser to be vertical to the particle velocity direction in the detected sample, wherein the included angle between the short coherent laser and the particle velocity direction in the detected sample is 90 degrees (pi/2); rotating the index plate and measuring the rotation angle of the index plate; and calculating a Doppler angle according to the included angle and the rotation angle.
As shown in fig. 4, the positions of the X-axis translation stage 14 and the Z-axis translation stage 15 are adjusted to make the center of the rotation of the optical flat plate 16 coaxial with the isooptic path point, the path of the probe light 24 ensured by DOCT is perpendicular to the velocity direction of the particles in the sample 19 to be measured, at this time, the doppler angle is pi/2, then the index plate 13 is rotated, the rotation angle is alpha, the path of the probe light 25 is obtained, the doppler angle is pi/2-alpha through calculation,
step 304: and obtaining an interference spectrum according to the reference reflected light and the sample reflected light.
Step 305: and calculating the absolute flow velocity according to the interference spectrum and the Doppler angle. Carrying out Fourier transform on the interference spectrum to obtain a transform result; and calculating the absolute flow velocity according to the transformation result and the Doppler angle.
The signal transmitted into the computer is an interference spectrum, different frequency components of the spectrum correspond to the intensity of the back scattered light at different depths in the sample, and the intensity distribution of the back scattered light at different depths of the sample can be obtained through Fourier transform, namely the back scattered light is an optical coherence tomography image. The fourier transform results in complex numbers containing amplitude and phase information, the amplitude being used for structural imaging and the phase being used for doppler flow velocity measurements. In a Doppler optical coherence tomography system, the phase difference between two adjacent points is introduced by the movement of particles within the sample
According to the formula
(written in Vz), where λ is the center wavelength of the light source, n is the refractive index of the sample, τ is the time interval between two adjacent lines of the scan, the magnitude of its longitudinal velocity is Vz, the longitudinal flow velocity is the projection of the absolute flow velocity in the longitudinal direction, and the absolute flow velocity V of the sample can be calculated according to the formula Vz/cos θ, where θ is the doppler angle of the sample, and V is the absolute flow velocity of the sample.
According to the specific embodiment provided by the invention, the invention discloses the following technical effects:
firstly, the Doppler angle is obtained through measurement, the absolute flow velocity is obtained through calculation, the problem that the DOCT flow velocity measurement is influenced by the Doppler angle is solved, and the practicability of the DOCT technology is improved.
Secondly, the Doppler angle is directly read through the index plate, so that the method is visual and convenient, and the Doppler angle is solved without increasing scanning, so that the method is strong in operability.
Thirdly, the Doppler angle can be changed for a plurality of times by utilizing the invention, so that a plurality of experiments are carried out, and parameters such as absolute speed and the like are calculated for a plurality of times, so that the experimental result is more accurate.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.
The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described herein using specific examples, which are provided only to help understand the method and the core concept of the present invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. In view of the above, the present disclosure should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (5)
1. An absolute flow velocity measurement apparatus for doppler optical coherence tomography, the apparatus comprising: the system comprises a short coherent light source, a circulator, an optical coupler, a reference arm system, a sample arm system, a spectrometer and a computer; the short coherent light source is used for emitting short coherent laser; the circulator is arranged on an emergent light path of the short coherent light source, the optical coupler is arranged on the emergent light path of the circulator, and the optical coupler is used for dividing the short coherent laser transmitted by the circulator into two beams, namely a first laser and a second laser; the reference arm system is used for reflecting the first laser to obtain reference reflected light; the sample arm system is used for reflecting the second laser to obtain sample reflected light; the reference reflected light and the sample reflected light are coupled through the optical coupler and then enter the spectrometer through the circulator; the spectrometer is used for detecting the interference spectrum of the reference reflected light and the sample reflected light and transmitting the interference spectrum to the computer; the sample arm system is also used for measuring the Doppler angle of the measured sample; the computer calculates the absolute flow velocity according to the interference spectrum and the Doppler angle;
the sample arm system includes an index plate comprising: the device comprises a cursor ring, a rotating wheel, a main shaft and a tailstock; the rotating wheel is arranged on the tailstock, the cursor ring is connected with the rotating wheel, and the cursor ring is connected with the X-axis translation table through the main shaft; adjusting the incidence direction of the second laser irradiating the measured sample by rotating the rotating wheel; the cursor ring is used for measuring the Doppler angle according to the rotating angle of the rotating wheel.
2. The absolute flow rate measurement device of claim 1, wherein the spectrometer comprises:
a lens to collimate the coupled light;
the grating is arranged on a transmission light path of the lens and used for spreading the transmitted light according to wavelength to obtain an interference spectrum;
the focusing lens is arranged on an emergent light path of the grating and used for focusing the interference spectrum, and the focused interference spectrum is incident to the CCD camera;
the CCD camera is connected with the computer and used for recording the interference spectrum and transmitting the interference spectrum to the computer.
3. The absolute flow rate measurement device of claim 1, wherein the sample arm system further comprises: the device comprises an X-axis translation table, a Z-axis translation table, an optical flat plate and a sample arm; the optical flat plate is used for placing a sample to be measured; the sample arm, the X-axis translation stage and the Z-axis translation stage are arranged on the optical flat plate, and second laser is irradiated onto the sample to be measured by adjusting the positions of the sample arm, the X-axis translation stage and the Z-axis translation stage; the index plate is connected with the X-axis translation table and used for measuring the Doppler angle of the measured sample.
4. An absolute flow velocity measurement method of an absolute flow velocity measurement apparatus for doppler optical coherence tomography according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising:
obtaining short coherent laser;
acquiring reference reflected light and sample reflected light according to the short coherent laser;
measuring the Doppler angle of the measured sample;
obtaining an interference spectrum according to the reference reflected light and the sample reflected light;
calculating the absolute flow velocity from the interference spectrum and the Doppler angle;
the obtaining of the doppler angle of the sample to be measured according to the short coherent laser specifically includes:
adjusting a sample arm system to enable the short coherent laser to be vertical to the particle velocity direction in the detected sample, wherein the included angle between the short coherent laser and the particle velocity direction in the detected sample is 90 degrees;
rotating the index plate and measuring the rotation angle of the index plate;
and calculating a Doppler angle according to the included angle and the rotation angle.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the calculating the absolute flow velocity from the interference spectrum and the Doppler angle comprises:
carrying out Fourier transform on the interference spectrum to obtain a transform result;
and calculating the absolute flow velocity according to the transformation result and the Doppler angle.
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| JP2016106652A (en) * | 2014-12-02 | 2016-06-20 | 株式会社ニデック | Optical coherence tomography apparatus and control program for use in the same |
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