CN109004982B - Optical communication system based on interference effect and signal sending and decoding method thereof - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/11—Arrangements specific to free-space transmission, i.e. transmission through air or vacuum
- H04B10/114—Indoor or close-range type systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/50—Transmitters
- H04B10/516—Details of coding or modulation
- H04B10/54—Intensity modulation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L25/00—Baseband systems
- H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
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- H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
- H04L25/0202—Channel estimation
- H04L25/024—Channel estimation channel estimation algorithms
- H04L25/0242—Channel estimation channel estimation algorithms using matrix methods
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种基于干涉效应的光通信系统，所述光信号发射端包括相互连接的光强调制器和光信号发送阵列，所述光信号接收端包括色散器件、准直器件、光信号接收器，以及与光信号接收器连接的信号处理单元，所述信号处理单元对各像素元所探测到的数据进行分析处理，从而在光信号接收端通过数据分析处理，解码光信号发射端所发出的信号。本发明利用易于获得的光源组成光信号发送阵列进行多路信号的并行传输，并利用色散器件及阵列式探测芯片结合解矩阵方程的方法复原出所传输的多路信号。本发明所采用的光源可以同时用于通讯和照明，也可以只实现其中任一种功能。可在实现照明功能的同时实现大容量信号的传输，且结构简单、成本低廉。
The invention discloses an optical communication system based on interference effect. The optical signal transmitting end includes an optical intensity modulator and an optical signal transmitting array connected to each other, and the optical signal receiving end includes a dispersion device, a collimation device, an optical signal receiving end. and a signal processing unit connected to the optical signal receiver, the signal processing unit analyzes and processes the data detected by each pixel element, so as to decode the data sent by the optical signal transmitting end through data analysis and processing at the optical signal receiving end. signal of. The invention utilizes an easily available light source to form an optical signal sending array for parallel transmission of multi-channel signals, and recovers the transmitted multi-channel signals by combining a dispersion device and an array detection chip with a method of solving matrix equations. The light source used in the present invention can be used for communication and lighting at the same time, or can only realize any one of the functions. The large-capacity signal transmission can be realized while the lighting function is realized, and the structure is simple and the cost is low.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an optical communication system based on interference effect and a signal sending and decoding method thereof, belonging to the technical field of optical communication.
Background
Optical communication is a communication method in which information to be communicated is loaded onto a light wave by means of modulation, and light is used as an information carrier. In recent years, Visible Light Communication (VLC) technology has rapidly developed, and is a new wireless communication system. The visible light communication technology has great potential in the fields of medium and short distance secure communication, high precision accurate positioning, traffic communication, indoor navigation and the like, and particularly can replace Radio Frequency (RF) to solve the problem of 'last 1 m'. Visible light communication has many advantages over radio waves: (1) the information content is developed by the Moore rule, many frequency bands of a radio frequency spectrum are occupied, a visible light communication technology utilizes a visible light spectrum which is higher than 3THz and still belongs to a blank frequency spectrum, and the visible light communication technology is not limited by a use license; (2) visible light cannot penetrate through a building wall, visible light communication signals in mutually adjacent closed units cannot interfere with each other, and the safety and the confidentiality are high; (3) the visible light transceiver has simple equipment and low price; (4) the visible light wavelength belongs to submicron level, and has obvious advantages in accurate direction positioning; (5) the visible light communication technology can replace the application of radio communication technology in certain specific occasions (such as airplanes, hospitals, nuclear power stations or oil drilling and the like) sensitive to electromagnetic interference. In order to further improve the signal transmission capacity of the visible light communication technology, many groups of problems have been tried to combine a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radio transmission technology with the visible light communication technology. MIMO is an important technological breakthrough in the field of communications, and it can improve the capacity of wireless communication systems by a multiple without increasing bandwidth and power. MIMO technology, which transmits independent data streams at different transmission sources to achieve high-speed high-capacity data transmission, is one of the key technologies in the new generation of wireless communication systems.
Therefore, the application of MIMO technology to optical communication has great application prospects, but there are some problems. Such as: (1) in the traditional MIMO visible light communication technology, different signal light sources with different single frequencies are adopted in different channels, but the light sources are single in color, and a white light source used in traditional illumination cannot be adopted. (2) Some MIMO visible light communication technologies may use white light sources, but require that the frequency spectrums of each white light source overlap each other but are not completely the same, so that how many channels require many different light sources or filter films, thereby increasing the cost of the system. (3) Some visible light MIMO technologies adopt a two-dimensional code technology to perform signal coding, but the coding rule of the two-dimensional code is complex, so that special requirements are imposed on light source arrangement. And the signal emission light source can only adopt a point light source, but cannot adopt a surface light source, so that the comfort level of human eyes is reduced. (4) In the technologies adopted by some groups of subjects, the light emitting end needs to precisely control the wavelength and polarization state of the optical carrier or the transmission mode of the incident optical fiber, and the light receiving end needs to adopt a detector with a large volume and place a specific angle, or adopt a complex demultiplexer to separate the wavelength, polarization state and transmission mode to recover the transmission data, so the system structure is complex and the cost is high. In order to overcome the defects, a novel optical communication system based on the interference effect and a signal decoding method thereof are provided.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, and to provide a mimo optical communication system and a signal recovery method thereof, which can realize the transmission of large-capacity signals while realizing the illumination function, and have simple structure and low cost.
The invention specifically adopts the following technical scheme to solve the technical problems:
an optical communication system based on interference effect comprises an optical signal transmitting end and an optical signal receiving end:
the optical signal transmitting end comprises an optical intensity modulator and an optical signal transmitting array which are connected with each other, the optical signal transmitting array comprises m × n light sources, wherein each n light sources are distributed in one signal transmitting area, the optical signal transmitting array has m signal transmitting areas, the spectrum frequency bands of the n light sources in each signal transmitting area can be mutually overlapped but the spectrums are not completely the same, the spectrums of any two light sources in different signal transmitting areas can be the same, the optical intensity modulator modulates m × n signals to the m × n light sources respectively to generate corresponding optical modulation signals, and modulates different signals at different moments, wherein m and n are integers more than 1;
the optical signal receiving end comprises a dispersion device, a collimation device, an optical signal receiver and a signal processing unit connected with the optical signal receiver, wherein the dispersion device can enable signal lights emitted by an optical signal transmitting array to generate interference effect, the light intensity of coherent lights emitted after the signal lights with the same frequency and the same intensity enter different parts of the dispersion device is different from each other, the optical signal receiver is an array type detection chip consisting of at least m multiplied by n optical detection pixel elements with the same frequency spectrum response, at least m signal receiving areas are arranged on the array type detection chip, at least n optical detection pixel elements are arranged in any signal receiving area, the optical detection pixel elements respond to the signal lights entering the photosensitive surface of the pixel elements, the collimation device is arranged between the dispersion device and the optical signal receiver and can enable the coherent lights transmitted from the dispersion device to pass through the collimation device, scattered light and other noise in different transmission directions are filtered, signal light emitted by different regions of the optical signal transmitting array is projected to different optical detection pixel elements in a signal receiving region corresponding to the optical signal receiver after passing through the dispersion device, and the signal processing unit analyzes and processes data detected by the pixel elements, so that the signal emitted by the optical signal transmitting end is decoded through data analysis and processing at the optical signal receiving end.
Preferably, an optical assembly is further disposed in front of the dispersion device at the optical signal receiving end, and the optical assembly is configured to enable light emitted by different light sources to be emitted to different positions of the dispersion device.
Preferably, the optical assembly comprises a first convex lens, a first aperture stop and a second convex lens, and the first aperture stop gap is arranged at a common focus between the first convex lens and the second convex lens.
Preferably, the optical signal receiving end further includes an optical wavelength conversion component disposed before or after the dispersive device, the optical wavelength conversion component includes a wavelength conversion layer, the wavelength conversion layer includes at least one wavelength conversion optical material, a part or all of an absorption spectrum of the wavelength conversion optical material exceeds a detection range of the array detection chip, and an emission spectrum of the wavelength conversion optical material is entirely within the detection range of the array detection chip.
Preferably, the wavelength converting optical material is an up-converting luminescent material, a down-converting luminescent material and any material having the property of absorbing light of one wavelength, emitting light of another wavelength, or a combination of these materials.
Preferably, the collimating device comprises a third convex lens, a second aperture stop and a fourth convex lens, and the second aperture stop is arranged at the common focus between the third convex lens and the fourth convex lens.
Preferably, the dispersive device comprises a transparent substrate having at least one transparent coating layer affixed to at least one surface of the transparent substrate, the transparent coating layer comprising a set of bubbles having a non-uniform distribution of size or shape; or the dispersion device comprises a transparent substrate, at least one layer of nanoparticle coating is fixed on at least one surface of the transparent substrate, the nanoparticle coating is composed of a group of transparent particles with the size from nanometer to micrometer, and the size or shape of each transparent particle is not uniformly distributed; or the dispersive device comprises a transparent substrate, at least one surface of the transparent substrate is rough and uneven, the rough and uneven surface is composed of a group of steps or pits with different sizes and nanometer or micrometer scales, and the steps or pits with different sizes are not uniformly distributed.
Preferably, each signal transmitting area of the optical signal transmitting end includes n light sources with the same emission spectrum, and each light source is respectively attached with filter films with different transmission spectra.
Preferably, a visible band white light source is used when the light source is required for illumination purposes, and a mid-infrared band light source is used when the light source is not required for illumination purposes.
The method for sending and decoding the communication signal of the optical communication system according to any one of the above technical solutions includes the following steps:
step 1: suppose that at a time t, n light sources in m signal transmission regions are modulated by a light intensity modulator to transmit a signal S'1,S’2,…S’m×nThe emitted signals are distinguished by the intensity of light;
step 2: suppose that the signals emitted by the n light sources in a certain signal transmission region and modulated by the light intensity modulator are S'1,S’2,…S’n；
And step 3: the optical signal receiver receives light emitted by the optical signal transmitting end through a signal transmission space, and finally the light intensity received by the optical assembly (which can be omitted), the dispersion device, the optical wavelength conversion component (which can be omitted), the collimating device and the optical signal receiver sequentially at the optical signal receiving end, wherein the light intensity received by at least n optical detection pixel elements in the signal receiving area corresponding to the signal transmitting area in the step 2 at the moment t is set as I1,I2,…In,…；
And 4, step 4: respectively removing noise from the light intensity received by each light detection pixel element in the signal receiving area corresponding to the signal sending area in the step 3, and then substituting the light intensity into each row unit of the amplification matrix of the matrix equation, and respectively substituting the ratio of the value detected by each light detection pixel element under the condition that each light source in the signal sending area is independently lighted to the emission intensity of the lighted light source, and the ratio of the value to the emission intensity of the lighted light source, after the noise is removed, into each row unit of the coefficient matrix of the matrix equation, because the data of each unit of the coefficient matrix can be measured in advance through experiments, the signal S can be obtained by solving the matrix equation1,S2,…Sn；
And 5: get S1,S2,…SnThe average value of the n values is used as a judgment threshold, and S is used1,S2,…SnComparing with the decision threshold, setting the value to be 1 when the value is larger than the decision threshold, and setting the value to be 0 when the value is smaller than the decision threshold, so that the actual signals S 'transmitted by n light sources in a certain signal transmitting area of the optical signal transmitting end at the moment t can be obtained at the optical signal receiving end'1,S’2,…S’n；
Step 6: respectively substituting the data measured by the optical detection pixel elements in each signal receiving area corresponding to each signal sending area in the step 1 into each matrix equation, and respectively repeating the steps 2-5, namely, the signals S 'are received at the optical signal receiving end by solving m matrix equations'1,S’2,…S’m×n；
And 7: different signals are modulated at different moments through the light intensity modulator, and the signals sent by the light signal transmitting end at different moments can be received at the light signal receiving end.
Preferably, in the step 4, the matrix equation may be solved by one of a convex optimization algorithm, a Tikhonov regularization algorithm, an L1 norm regularization algorithm, a genetic algorithm, a cross direction multiplier method, and a simulated annealing algorithm, or other known or unknown mathematical optimization methods may be used to solve the matrix equation to reduce the error rate of the signal.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the transmission of large-capacity signals can be realized while lighting. The optical signal transmitting end adopts a series of light sources with a certain frequency range, the comfort level to human eyes is higher compared with a visible band light source with a single frequency, and the number of the light sources is not limited by the total bandwidth of the visible band light source and the infrared band light source because the spectrum frequency bands of the light sources can be overlapped.
2. The device structures of the signal transmitting end and the signal receiving end of the system are simple and easy to realize. The invention does not need a multiplexing and demultiplexing optical device with larger volume and complex structure, the light source and the array type detection chip are both provided with mature products, the optical signals are transmitted through a shared channel through reasonable design, and the matrix equation is solved to obtain the repeated emission signals through measuring the channel transmission matrix of the multi-input and multi-output optical communication system in advance.
3. The invention combines the frequency division multiplexing and space division multiplexing technologies, thereby reducing the system cost to the maximum extent and improving the channel capacity. The light sources with different spectrums in each signal sending area are used for transmitting signals loaded on different light sources, and the light detection pixel elements at different positions of the signal receiving end can measure different interference light intensity signals, so that an original emission signal can be obtained by solving a matrix equation, and meanwhile, the spectrums of any two light sources belonging to different signal sending areas can be the same, so that the system cost is low. And the multipath signal light is emitted simultaneously, so that the communication capacity is improved.
4. When the system is not needed to be used for illumination, an infrared band light source can be adopted for signal communication, the defect that the traditional visible light communication system needs to carry out illumination during communication is overcome, and particularly, the defect that an ordinary silicon-based CCD or CMOS array type detection chip cannot detect infrared band light can be overcome when an optical wavelength conversion part is adopted at a signal receiving end of the system. Therefore, the system can detect visible light signals and infrared band light signals by adopting the common silicon-based CCD, thereby improving the system performance and further reducing the cost for constructing the system.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the optical communication system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an optical communication system incorporating an optical module and an optical wavelength conversion component according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of different portions of light emitted from a signal transmission region passing through a dispersion device;
fig. 4 is a spectrum of light emitted by each white LED used in the optical signal transmitter after passing through different filtering films according to the embodiment of the MIMO optical communication system of the present invention;
the reference numerals in the figures have the following meanings:
1 is an optical signal transmitting array, 2 is a first signal transmitting area in the optical signal transmitting array, 3 is a second signal transmitting area in the optical signal transmitting array, 4 is a third signal transmitting area in the optical signal transmitting array, 5 is an mth signal transmitting area in the optical signal transmitting array, 6 is a signal transmission space, 7 is a dispersive device, 8 is a third convex lens, 9 is a second small aperture diaphragm, 10 is a fourth convex lens, 11 is an optical signal receiver, 12 is a first signal receiving area on an array-type detecting chip, 13 is a second signal receiving area on the array-type detecting chip, 14 is a third signal receiving area on the array-type detecting chip, 15 is a pth signal receiving area on the array-type detecting chip, 16 is an optical intensity modulator, 17 is an optical source, 18 is signal light emitted from the signal transmitting area of the optical signal transmitting array, 19 is an optical signal transmitting end, 20 is an optical signal receiving end, 21 is a collimating device, 22 is a certain signal transmitting area in an optical signal transmitting array, 23 is a first convex lens, 24 is a first aperture diaphragm, 25 is a second convex lens, 26 is an optical wavelength conversion component, and 27 is an optical component.
Detailed Description
The invention uses the light source 17 which is easy to obtain to form the light signal sending array to carry out the parallel transmission of the multi-channel signals, and uses the dispersion device and the array type detection chip (CCD, CMOS, etc.) to recover the transmitted multi-channel signals by combining the method of solving the matrix equation. The light source adopted by the invention can be used for communication and illumination at the same time, and can only realize any function. The following is a description of preferred embodiments by way of illustration and explanation without limitation. The embodiments are merely exemplary for applying the technical solutions of the present invention, and any technical solution formed by replacing or converting the equivalent thereof falls within the scope of the present invention claimed.
Fig. 1 shows a basic structure of a MIMO optical communication system of the present invention. As shown in fig. 1, an optical communication system based on interference effect includes: an optical signal transmitting terminal 19 and an optical signal receiving terminal 20. The optical signal transmitting terminal 19 includes an optical intensity modulator 16 and an optical signal transmitting array 1 connected thereto. The optical signal transmitting array 1 adopts m × n light sources 17, m and n are integers greater than 1, and the value ranges of m and n may be thousands of, in this technical solution, the number of m and n is not specifically limited, where each n light sources 17 having a spectrum difference are distributed in one signal transmitting area 22, the signal transmitting area 22 may be any signal transmitting area, such as signal transmitting area 2, signal transmitting area 3, signal transmitting area 4, or signal transmitting area …, the optical signal transmitting array 1 has m signal transmitting areas in total, the spectrum frequency bands of the light sources in each signal transmitting area may overlap each other but the spectra are not completely the same, and the spectra of any two light sources belonging to different signal transmitting areas may be completely the same. The m x n light sources respectively transmit m x n signals, and each light source transmits one of the signals. The light intensity modulator 16 modulates the signal to be transmitted onto the optical carrier emitted by each light source to generate an optical modulation signal. The signal is transmitted through the "signal transmission space" 6 and finally received by the optical signal receiving end 20. Since the distance between the optical signal transmitting end and the optical signal receiving end is generally long, the light emitted from the optical signal transmitting end 19 to the optical signal receiving end 20 can be regarded as approximately parallel light. The signal transmission space 6 is air in this embodiment, but may also be water or other medium that can transmit light. The optical signal receiving end 20 includes a dispersion device 7, a collimator device 21, an optical signal receiver 11, and a signal processing unit (not shown in the figure) connected to the optical signal receiver 11. The dispersion device 7 can cause interference effect between the signal lights emitted by the optical signal transmitting array 1, and the light intensities of the coherent lights emitted after the signal lights with the same frequency and the same intensity enter different parts of the dispersion device 7 are different from each other. The optical signal receiver 11 in this embodiment adopts a silicon-based CCD, and each pixel element of the CCD has the same spectral response characteristic, that is, when light with the same wavelength and the same intensity is incident on the pixel elements, the data output by each pixel element is the same. The photosensitive area of the CCD is divided into m signal receiving areas, the number of pixel element areas is not specifically limited in the technical scheme, the pixel element area 12, the pixel element area 13, the pixel element area 14 … and the pixel element area 15, in which there are at least n optical detection pixel elements in any signal receiving area, in this embodiment, there are at least p optical detection pixel elements (p > n, p is an integer, and the value range of p can be thousands of) in any signal receiving area, the optical detection pixel elements respond to the signal light incident on the photosensitive surface of the optical detection pixel elements, the collimator 21 is located between the dispersion device and the optical signal receiver, the collimator is used to filter the scattered light and part of the background light with different transmission directions, and the coherent light transmitted by different parts of the dispersion device is projected to different optical detection pixel elements in the corresponding signal receiving area of the CCD photosensitive surface after passing through the optical collimating device 21. The signal processing unit substitutes pixel metadata in different signal receiving areas into different matrix equations by using the channel transmission matrix of the optical communication system based on the interference effect and solves the matrix equations, so that the sending signals can be recovered.
As shown in fig. 2, an optical component 27 may be disposed in front of the dispersive device 7, and the optical component 27 is used to make the light emitted from different signal transmission regions to different parts of the dispersive device. In this technical solution, the optical assembly 20 preferably includes a first convex lens 23, a first aperture stop 25, and a second convex lens 24, where the first aperture stop 25 is disposed at a common focus between the first convex lens 23 and the second convex lens 24. The optical assembly can also have other structures, and the specific structure of the optical assembly is not limited in the technical scheme as long as the light emitted by different signal sending areas can be emitted to different parts of the dispersion device.
As shown in fig. 2, the present invention may further provide a light wavelength conversion member 26 before or after the dispersion device, the light wavelength conversion member 26 including a wavelength conversion layer containing at least one wavelength conversion optical material therein; the wavelength conversion optical material has a partial or full absorption spectrum exceeding the detection range of the optical signal receiver 11 and an emission spectrum entirely within the detection range of the optical signal receiver 11. In order to ensure that the photo-detecting pixel elements in the optical signal receiver 11 respond to the signal light incident on the photo-sensitive surface of the pixel elements, the frequency range of the spectrum of the emitted light from each light source in the optical signal emitting end 19 must be within the detection range of the optical signal receiving end 20. The detection range of the optical signal receiving end 20 is defined as follows: the maximum frequency value and the minimum frequency value are selected from the absorption spectra of all the wavelength conversion optical materials contained in the optical wavelength conversion component 26 and the frequency range which can be detected by the array type detection chip, and the frequency range between the maximum frequency value and the minimum frequency value is the detection range of the optical signal receiving end 20. The wavelength converting material is an up-converting luminescent material, a down-converting luminescent material and all materials having the property of absorbing light of one wavelength and emitting light of another wavelength, or a combination of these materials.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a preferred structure of the collimating device 20 includes a third convex lens 8, a second aperture stop 9 and a fourth convex lens 10, wherein the second aperture stop 9 is arranged at a common focus point between the third convex lens 8 and the fourth convex lens 10. The optical collimating device can filter scattered light with different transmission directions, and makes coherent light transmitted by different parts of the dispersion device pass through the collimating device and then enter each optical detection pixel element in a corresponding area of a subsequent CCD.
The dispersion device 7 used in the present invention can adopt the existing or future structure, as long as the incident lights with different frequencies and same intensity pass through the same part of the dispersion device and the emitted coherent lights have different light intensities, and the incident lights with the same frequency and same intensity pass through the different part of the dispersion device and the emitted coherent lights have different light intensities, so that each pixel element in the array type detection chip CCD can detect different light intensities, the data measured by each pixel element in a certain signal receiving area (12 or 13 or 14 or … 15) of the array type detection chip CCD can be substituted into the augmentation matrix of the matrix equation, and the signal emitted by a certain signal sending area (2 or 3 or 4 or … 5) can be recovered by the matrix equation through the coefficient matrix (also called channel transmission matrix) data measured in advance of the matrix equation, the signals emitted by the whole optical signal emitting end 19 can be obtained at the optical signal receiving end 20 by solving the series of matrix equations by respectively substituting the data of the pixel elements in different areas (12, 13, 14, … 15) of the CCD into different matrix equations.
Several preferred embodiments are listed below:
the first scheme is as follows:
the dispersive device comprises a transparent substrate, at least one transparent coating is fixed on at least one surface of the transparent substrate, and the transparent coating contains a group of bubbles with unevenly distributed sizes or shapes.
When the dispersion device is adopted, the interference of different degrees can occur when the incident light passes through the bubbles with different sizes in the bubble coating and different parts of the bubble coating, and the phase difference between the emergent light is different due to the different sizes and shapes of the bubbles, so that the interference light intensity is different. Due to interference effect, after incident light passes through the bubble coating, different pixel elements in the detection array chip can acquire light intensities with different sizes.
The dispersive device can be prepared by adopting a mature process, for example, one method is as follows: the method comprises the steps of continuously injecting inert gases such as helium, neon, argon, krypton or xenon into a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and derivatives thereof or polymer melts such as Polystyrene (PS) or Polycarbonate (PC) and the like, refining the inert gas bubbles through ultrasonic waves, coating the inert gas bubbles on the surface of a transparent substrate after the content and distribution of the bubbles in the polymer melt are approximately stable, and cooling to solidify the polymer melt into a polymer coating, so that the bubbles with uneven distribution and different sizes are generated in the polymer coating. The second method is as follows: dissolving polymers such as PMMA, PS or PC in an organic solvent (such as tetrahydrofuran, acetone, toluene and the like) at a certain temperature to obtain a solution of the polymers such as PMMA, PS or PC, spin-coating the solution on a transparent substrate, and slowly cooling to room temperature, wherein in the process of cooling, the volatilization of the solvent causes pores with different shapes to be generated in the formed polymer coating.
The second scheme is as follows:
the dispersion device comprises a transparent substrate, wherein at least one layer of nanoparticle coating is fixed on at least one surface of the transparent substrate, the nanoparticle coating is composed of a group of transparent particles with the size from nanometer to micrometer, and the size or shape of the transparent particles is not uniformly distributed.
When the dispersion device is adopted, the incident light can generate interference in different degrees when passing through the nano particles with different sizes and different parts in the nano particle coating, and the phase difference between the emergent light is different and the interference light intensity is different due to the different sizes and shapes of the nano particles, as shown in figure 3. Due to interference effect, when incident light passes through the nano particle coating, different pixel elements in the CCD array chip are finally detected, and light intensities with different sizes are acquired.
The dispersive device can be prepared by a mature process, for example, the transparent particles in the nano particle coating are silicon dioxide (S)iO2) The method comprises the following steps of preparing a mixed suspension containing nano-scale to micron-scale silicon dioxide particles with different sizes by an tetraethoxysilane hydrolytic condensation method, wherein the specific method comprises the following steps: adding a certain amount of ethanol, water and ammonia water into a reaction bottle at normal temperature; ten minutes later, adding a certain volume of Tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) under stirring, continuing stirring, and immediately seeing that the emulsion turns milky white after adding; after reacting for 3-24 hours, the suspension of the silica nano particles with the same size can be obtained and is centrifugally separated for later use. By adjusting the proportion and the temperature of the components in the method, suspensions of the silica nanoparticles with different sizes can be obtained respectively. These suspensions are mixed to obtain mixed suspensions of silica nanoparticles having different sizes. Obtaining mixed suspension containing nano particles with different sizesAnd after the turbid liquid is obtained, the nano particles in the mixed turbid liquid are deposited on the surface of the substrate by an electrostatic self-assembly method to form a nano particle coating. The method of electrostatic self-assembly requires the fabrication of a polyelectrolyte layer on the surface of the substrate, the role of which is to allow the above nanoparticles to be deposited on the substrate by dip coating. The substrate is made of transparent material, such as silicon dioxide (S)iO2) PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate), etc., but if a polymer material such as PMMA is used as a substrate, it is necessary to make a hydrophilic treatment, i.e., to treat the surface of PMMA with a coupling agent containing a hydrophilic group. PMMA can be made by spin coating. The polyelectrolyte may employ sodium polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) and polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride (PDDA).
The specific manufacturing method of the polyelectrolyte layer is as follows: chemically cleaning the substrate, washing with distilled water and drying with inert gas; immersing the substrate into polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride aqueous solution with specific concentration for 2-10 minutes, depositing a polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride coating on the surface of the substrate, washing away physically adsorbed impurities by using distilled water, and drying by using inert gas; then immersing the coating into sodium polystyrene sulfonate with specific concentration for 2 to 10 minutes so as to deposit a layer of sodium polystyrene sulfonate on the coating; the above process is repeated until about 5 to 20 bilayers of the two polyelectrolytes are obtained, and the last layer is poly (diallyldimethylammonium chloride). After the polyelectrolyte layer is prepared, the substrate with the polyelectrolyte layer is placed into the prepared mixed suspension containing the nano particles with different sizes for 2 to 10 minutes, the nano particles with different sizes are deposited on the surface of the substrate through interaction with the polyelectrolyte, and the substrate sheet with a layer of silicon dioxide nano particle coating can be prepared after the substrate sheet is washed by distilled water and dried by inert gas. The above processes are repeated, and the polyelectrolyte molecules and the silica nanoparticles are alternately deposited by using an electrostatic self-assembly method, so that the multilayer nanoparticle coating can be prepared.
In the third scheme:
the dispersion device comprises a transparent substrate, wherein at least one surface of the transparent substrate is rough and uneven, the rough and uneven surface is composed of a group of steps or pits with different sizes and nanometer or micrometer scales, and the steps or the pits are not uniformly distributed.
When the dispersion device is adopted, the interference of different degrees can occur when the incident light passes through various steps or pits with different sizes in the rough and uneven surface and different parts of the rough and uneven surface, and the phase difference between the emergent light is different due to different heights or depths of the steps or the pits, so that the interference light intensity is different. Due to the interference effect, when the incident light passes through the nano particle coating, different pixel elements in the detection array chip can acquire light intensities with different sizes.
The dispersion device can be prepared by adopting a mature process, for example, a substrate is made of common glass, the common glass is cleaned and dried, one surface of the common glass is corroded by a frosted solution of hydrofluoric acid and ammonium fluoride, when the surface of the glass is affected by the hydrofluoric acid, main components in the glass such as oxides of silicon dioxide, calcium oxide, sodium oxide and the like form fluoride to enter the frosted solution, the ammonium fluoride in the frosted solution can promote the generation of calcium fluosilicate sand, and the surface of the glass is changed into an uneven rough surface due to the fact that the hydrofluoric acid has randomness in corrosion degree and reaction of different positions of the surface of the glass to form gravel, and then the glass is cleaned and dried. The other method is as follows: the method comprises the following steps of cleaning and drying common glass, then spraying quartz sand or carborundum on one surface of the glass rapidly through an air pump or a spray gun, forming a plurality of fine concave-convex surfaces with different sizes after the glass meets high-speed impact of the quartz sand or the carborundum, and then cleaning and drying.
The optical wavelength conversion component adopted by the invention comprises a wavelength conversion layer, wherein the wavelength conversion layer contains at least one wavelength conversion optical material; the partial or whole absorption spectrum of the wavelength conversion optical material exceeds the detection range of the array type detection chip CCD, and the emission spectrum of the wavelength conversion optical material is completely in the detection range of the array type detection chip CCD. The wavelength conversion material used in the present invention may be any material having a property of absorbing light of one wavelength and emitting light of another wavelength, such as an up-conversion luminescent material, a down-conversion luminescent material, or a combination of these materials. Stokes law states that certain materials can be excited by high-energy light to emit light of low energy, in other words, light of high excitation wavelength with a short wavelength and light of low excitation wavelength with a short wavelength, such as ultraviolet light, can emit visible light, and such materials are down-conversion luminescent materials. In contrast, some materials can achieve a luminescence effect exactly opposite to the above-mentioned law, and we call it anti-stokes luminescence, also called up-conversion luminescence, such materials are called up-conversion luminescent materials.
The optical wavelength conversion component adopted by the invention can be arranged before or after the dispersion device, so that the communication method disclosed by the invention can be used for optical communication in a non-visible light frequency range, and the defect that the traditional visible light communication needs to adopt visible light for illumination is overcome. However, considering that the emission spectrum of most existing wavelength conversion luminescent materials is narrow, in order to enable the light intensity distribution difference of the light with different frequencies on the surface of the array type detection chip CCD to be more obvious after the light passes through the dispersion device, and therefore, the matrix equation solving method is favorable for recovering the emitted signal at the signal receiving end, the invention preferably arranges the light wavelength conversion component behind the dispersion device, namely, between the dispersion device and the array type detection chip. After passing through a light wavelength conversion component, each coherent light beam transmitted from the dispersion device respectively reaches the pixel element region 12, the pixel element region 13 and the pixel element region 14 … of the rear array type detection chip through an optical collimating device.
The wavelength conversion optical material can adopt various existing up-conversion or down-conversion materials, and the wavelength detection range of a signal receiving end of an optical communication system can be effectively expanded as long as the partial or all absorption spectra of the up-conversion or down-conversion materials exceed the detection range of the array type detection chip and the emission spectra are all in the detection range of the array type detection chip. For example, the type HCP-IR-1201 mid-infrared display card produced by the Longcai technology (HCP) is made of an up-conversion luminescent material, visible light can be excited by 0.3mW infrared light irradiation, the effective light excitation wave band is mainly 700 nm-10600 nm, and the luminous intensity and the excitation power are in a direct increase relationship. If the array type detection chip adopts a CCD chip with the model number of SONY-ICX285AL, the detection wave band is about 400 nm-1000 nm, so the intermediate infrared display card is adopted as the optical wavelength conversion component, the wavelength detection range of the signal receiving end of the optical communication system can be expanded to about 400 nm-10600 nm, and is wider than the wavelength detection range of the silicon-based CCD.
A down-conversion optical Material (MOF) Eu3(MFDA)4(NO3) (DMF)3(H2MFDA 9,9-dimethylfluorene-2,7-dicarboxylic acid) [ Xinhui Zhou et al, A microporus luminescense emission spectrum sensing, Dalton trans, 2013,42, 5718-propan 5723 with an absorption spectrum range of about 250nm to 450nm and an emission spectrum range of about 590nm to 640nm can also be used, if the array detection chip is a CCD chip of the type SONY-ICX285AL, its detection band is about 400nm to 1000 nm. Therefore, the optical wavelength conversion component made of the down-conversion optical material can expand the wavelength detection range of a signal receiving end of the optical communication system to about 250 nm-1000 nm, and is wider than the detection wavelength range of a silicon-based CCD.
The optical wavelength conversion component is not a necessary device, and when the optical signal receiving end of the optical communication system does not adopt the optical wavelength conversion device, the wavelength detection range of the optical signal receiving end of the optical communication system is the wavelength response range of the adopted array detection chip. The purpose of using the optical wavelength conversion component is only to expand the wavelength detection range of the optical signal receiver at the signal receiving end of the optical communication system, but signal communication can also be performed by selecting a proper light source and the optical signal receiver without the optical wavelength conversion component. The purpose of using the optical wavelength conversion member is: firstly, the existing and common light source and the array type detection chip can be adopted by the light signal transmitting end and the light signal receiver, so that the cost for purchasing the special light source and the array type detection chip can be saved, and the wavelength detection range of the array type detection chip does not need to contain the transmitting wavelength of the light source; secondly, the same array type detection chip can be used for detecting visible light and can also be used for detecting light in a non-visible light wave band, so that the communication system can be used for communication by using the visible light as a carrier and can also be used for communication by using the non-visible light as a carrier, and the same set of signal receiving end can be used for communication by using the two communication carriers, thereby ensuring that communication can be carried out when the visible light is not needed for illumination.
Therefore, in this embodiment, the communication process of the communication system includes: the optical signal transmission array 1 emits light beams 18 from the respective signal transmission regions (signal transmission region 2, signal transmission region 3, signal transmission region 4, … signal transmission region 5) under the action of the optical intensity modulator 16, these light beams 18 pass through the optical assembly 27 and are projected perpendicularly to various parts of the surface of the dispersion device 7, the dispersion device 7 can make the incident light generate interference effect, after each coherent light beam transmitted from the dispersion device 7 passes through a light wavelength conversion component 26, then the signals are respectively transmitted to the signal receiving area 12, the signal receiving area 13 and the signal receiving area 14 … of the rear array type detection chip 11 through an optical collimating device 21, and then the signals are detected by each pixel element in each signal receiving area, and finally the data measured by each pixel element is analyzed and processed by the signal processing unit.
The above method for transmitting and decoding signals of an optical communication system based on interference effect is described in detail as follows:
step 1: suppose that at a time t, n light sources in m signal transmission regions are modulated by a light intensity modulator to transmit a signal S'1,S’2,…S’m×nWhere m and n are integers, the emitted signals are distinguished by the intensity of the light, such as: "the signal" 1 "is represented by" the light source emits light or the light intensity is greater than a certain threshold "," the signal "0" is represented by "the light source does not emit light or the light intensity is less than a certain threshold";
step 2: suppose that the signals emitted by the n light sources in the k-th signal transmission region and modulated by the light intensity modulator are S'1,S’2,…S’nAbove k is an integer between 1 and m;
and step 3: optical signalThe receiver receives light emitted by the light signal emitting end, wherein the light signal emitted by the kth signal sending area passes through the signal transmission space, then sequentially passes through the optical component (which can be omitted), the dispersion device, the light wavelength conversion component (which can be omitted) and the collimation device at the signal receiving end, and finally is emitted to the light detection pixel elements in the signal receiving area corresponding to the signal sending area, and the light intensities received by at least n light detection pixel elements in the signal receiving area corresponding to the kth signal sending area at the moment t are respectively set as I1,I2,…In,…；
To explain the signal receiving area corresponding to the signal transmitting area in detail, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the signal light emitted from the signal transmitting area 2 finally strikes the signal receiving area 12 of the array-type probing chip 11, so that the signal transmitting area 2 corresponds to the signal receiving area 12; the signal light emitted by the signal sending area 3 finally reaches the signal receiving area 13 of the array type detection chip 11, so that the signal sending area 3 corresponds to the signal receiving area 13; the signal light emitted by the signal sending area 4 finally reaches the signal receiving area 14 of the array type detection chip 11, so that the signal sending area 4 corresponds to the signal receiving area 14; by analogy, the signal light emitted by the signal sending area 5 finally reaches the signal receiving area 15 of the array type detection chip 11, so that the signal sending area 5 corresponds to the signal receiving area 15. By adopting the optical signal transmitting terminal and the optical signal receiving terminal, the light in any signal transmitting area of the optical signal transmitting array can only be projected into one signal receiving area of the corresponding optical signal receiver, but can not be projected into other signal receiving areas,
and 4, step 4: the method comprises the steps of removing noise from light intensity received by each light detection pixel element in a signal receiving area corresponding to a kth signal sending area, substituting the light intensity into each row unit of an amplification matrix of a matrix equation, substituting the ratio of the value detected by each light detection pixel element under the condition that each light source in the signal sending area is independently lightened and the noise of the emission intensity of the lightened light source into each unit of each row of a coefficient matrix of the matrix equation, wherein data of each unit of the coefficient matrix can be obtained by substituting the ratio of the value detected by each light detection pixel element and the ratio of the value to the emission intensity of the lightened light source into each unit of each row of the coefficient matrix of the matrixIs experimentally determined in advance, so that solving the matrix equation results in the signal S1,S2,…Sn；
For the purpose of detailed description, it is assumed that p light detection pixel elements (p) are located in the signal receiving region corresponding to the kth signal transmission region at time t>n, where p is an integer) are respectively I1,I2,…IpSolving the following matrix equation to obtain S through one of mathematical optimization algorithms such as a convex optimization algorithm, a Tikhonov regularization algorithm, an L1 norm regularization algorithm, a genetic algorithm, a cross direction multiplier method, a simulated annealing algorithm and the like or improvement methods thereof1,S2,…Sn。
In the formula, one element H in the channel transmission matrix Hij(i-1, 2 … p) (j-1, 2 … n) represents the transmission coefficient of the optical signal emitted by the jth light source in the kth signal transmission area through the transmission space of the MIMO optical communication system and received by the ith pixel element in the CCD, i.e. the ratio of the intensity of the optical signal emitted by the jth light source in the kth signal transmission area through the MIMO optical communication system and detected by the ith pixel element in the CCD to the intensity of the light source emission minus the background noise. For a specific MIMO optical communication system, the channel transmission matrix H is uniquely determined, and each element in the channel transmission matrix, i.e., the transmission coefficient, can be obtained in advance through experiments and can be substituted into the matrix equation.
And 5: get S1,S2,…SnThe average value of the n values is used as a judgment threshold, and S is used1,S2,…SnComparing the actual signals S 'transmitted by the n light sources in the kth signal sending area of the optical signal transmitting end at the time t with the judgment threshold, setting the actual signals S' to be greater than the judgment threshold to be 1, and setting the actual signals S 'to be less than the judgment threshold to be 0'1,S’2,…S’n；
Step 6: by taking k from 1 up to mRespectively substituting the data measured by the optical detection pixel elements in each signal receiving area into each matrix equation, and respectively repeating the steps 2-5, namely, the signals S 'are received at the optical signal receiving end by solving m matrix equations'1,S’2,…S’m×n；
And 7: different signals are modulated at different moments through the light intensity modulator, and the signals sent by the light signal transmitting end at different moments can be received at the light signal receiving end.
From the above principle and steps, the maximum signal transmission rate of the communication system is limited by the frame rate of the array type detection chip, the response rate of the light source, the modulation rate of the light intensity modulator, the total number of light sources at the light signal emitting end, and the like. Generally, although the signal transmission rate can be increased to increase the amount of signal transmission per unit time, the error rate is also increased.
The optical communication system does not need to use complex and expensive multiplexing and demultiplexing optical devices, wherein the most common LED light source can be used as the light source, and different filter films or filter covers are attached to the most common LED light source; the dispersion device has simple structure and various forms, and can be prepared by adopting the existing simple and mature process; the light detector array can directly adopt a mature CCD or CMOS device. Therefore, the MIMO optical communication system has lower realization cost.
Different from the traditional wavelength division multiplexing or frequency division multiplexing optical communication system, the light source in the invention can adopt a broadband light source, the spectrums of the light sources belonging to different signal sending areas in the signal sending end are not required to be different from each other, and the spectrum frequency bands of the light sources in the same signal sending area can be overlapped with each other. For example, a signal sending end needs to transmit 72 paths of signals at the same time, m may be 8, and n may be 9, at this time, 8 signal sending areas are total, 9 LEDs are provided in each signal sending area, and the 72 paths of signals are loaded onto 72 LED light sources respectively through a light intensity modulator. The spectra of the 72 LED light sources are not necessarily completely different, and only 9 LED light sources with different spectra need to be used, for example, 9 LED light sources with spectral curves as shown in fig. 4 can be used. In fig. 4, the abscissa is wavelength and the ordinate is normalized spectral power, and the curves in the graph represent spectral curves of different LED light sources. The 9 LED light sources are in the same signal sending area, the other signal sending areas adopt the same 9 LED light sources, the total number of the signal sending areas is 8, therefore, the 9 LED light sources are divided into 8 groups, and the 72 LED light sources form an LED light source array to send 72 signals at the same time. The CCD array of the signal receiving end is provided with millions of pixel elements, and the pixel elements are divided into 8 signal detection areas, so that data measured by the pixel elements in the 8 signal detection areas can be received to simultaneously decode and obtain the data sent by the signal transmitting end at the moment.
The invention has various embodiments, and all technical solutions formed by adopting equivalent transformation or equivalent transformation are within the protection scope of the invention.
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