CN109004248B - Hydrogen steam-water separator for fuel cell - Google Patents

Hydrogen steam-water separator for fuel cell Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109004248B
CN109004248B CN201810854267.5A CN201810854267A CN109004248B CN 109004248 B CN109004248 B CN 109004248B CN 201810854267 A CN201810854267 A CN 201810854267A CN 109004248 B CN109004248 B CN 109004248B
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separation chamber
hydrogen
side edge
drainage
fuel cell
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CN201810854267.5A
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CN109004248A (en
Inventor
郭煌
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Jiangsu Is Energy Technology Co ltd
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Jiangsu Is Energy Technology Co ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/04119Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/04119Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
    • H01M8/04156Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal
    • H01M8/04164Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal by condensers, gas-liquid separators or filters
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50Fuel cells

Abstract

The invention discloses a hydrogen gas-water separator of a fuel cell, which comprises a main body and a cover plate arranged on the main body, wherein the cover plate and the main body form a sealing cavity, the main body comprises a bottom plate and a side plate extending upwards from the bottom plate, the sealing cavity is provided with a separation area and an adsorption area communicated with the separation area, the side plate is respectively provided with a first side edge, a second side edge and a third side edge which are respectively positioned at two sides of the first side edge, and the hydrogen gas-water separator of the fuel cell also comprises a first drainage sheet, a second drainage sheet and a third drainage sheet which are positioned in the separation area and enable hydrogen to flow spirally. The repeated vortex flow drainage of hydrogen is realized by adopting a plurality of drainage sheets, repeated centrifugal force is generated on the high-speed tail hydrogen discharge, and the high-efficiency separation effect of liquid water drops and hydrogen is achieved.

Description

Hydrogen steam-water separator for fuel cell
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of tail gas treatment devices, and particularly relates to a hydrogen gas-water separator for a fuel cell.
Background
In recent years, with the prevalence of fuel cells, most of large companies, particularly, vehicle enterprises, push out new energy fuel cell vehicles, and the principle technology of charging the fuel cells into the vehicles can be basically realized. However, many problems to be solved, such as stability of the system, cost reduction, development of key parts, etc., are still numerous, such as development of a steam-water separator for tail hydrogen exhaust. The tail hydrogen is discharged into the atmosphere, which may harm the life and health of people and even has a certain damage effect on the ozone layer of the atmosphere. The application of the hydrogen steam-water separator can recycle the tail hydrogen through the hydrogen ejector or the hydrogen circulating pump, so that the tail hydrogen can be reduced to a great extent and discharged into the atmosphere, and the utilization rate of the hydrogen is improved.
Among the patents of the related hydrogen gas-water separator of the prior fuel cell, patent number CN105609825A of Toyota Automation Kabushiki Kaisha is a patent of vapor-liquid separator and fuel cell system, which is open on the end face of the end plate of the fuel cell and a cover member covers the opening of the forming part of the vapor-liquid separator to form the vapor-liquid separator together, and has the function of inhibiting the separated water from entering into the exhaust port of the vapor-liquid separator, and the patent has no recycling of the heat energy and the water of the hydrogen; the patent No. CN105870481A of the patent 'fuel cell gas vehicle power system and the hydrogen gas-water separator device thereof' provided by Anhui Kang Nuoxin energy automobile technology Co-Ltd adopts a gas-water separation block, a gas-water separation chamber and an ejector are arranged in the patent, so that gas-water separation is carried out, part of liquid water is recycled, and heat energy in the gas-water cannot be recycled.
Accordingly, there is a need to provide a new hydrogen separator for a fuel cell that addresses the above-described problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a hydrogen gas-water separator for a fuel cell, which is used for submitting liquid water drops and hydrogen gas to high-efficiency separation effect.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: the utility model provides a fuel cell's hydrogen catch water, its include the main part and install in apron in the main part, apron and main part form sealed chamber, the main part include the bottom plate and from the curb plate that the bottom plate upwards extends, sealed chamber have separation region and with the adsorption area that the separation region is link up mutually, the curb plate has first side respectively, is located respectively second side and the third side of first side both sides, fuel cell's hydrogen catch water still includes and has and is located in the separation region and make hydrogen spiral flow's first drainage piece, second drainage piece, third drainage piece.
The first drainage piece, the first side edge, the second side edge and the third side edge jointly form a first separation chamber, the first drainage piece, the second drainage piece and the second side edge jointly enclose to form a second separation chamber, and the third drainage piece, the second drainage piece and the third side edge form a third separation chamber; the first separation chamber, the second separation chamber and the third separation chamber are respectively communicated, and a wet hydrogen inlet joint communicated with the first separation chamber is arranged on the first side edge.
The spiral direction of the hydrogen entering the second separation chamber is opposite to that of the hydrogen entering the first separation chamber, and the spiral direction of the hydrogen entering the first separation chamber is the same as that of the hydrogen entering the third separation chamber.
The first separation chamber has a volume less than the second separation chamber volume, and the second separation chamber volume is less than the third separation chamber volume.
The first drainage piece and the third drainage piece extend from a second side edge to the opposite third side edge, the second drainage piece extends from the third side edge to the opposite second side edge, and the second drainage piece is located between the first drainage piece and the third drainage piece.
The first drainage piece has the first extension portion of connecting the second side and from the first bending portion of the crooked extension of first extension portion, first bending portion bending direction orientation first separation chamber, the second drainage piece has the second extension portion of connecting the third side and from the crooked second bending portion of extending of second extension portion, second bending portion bending direction orientation second separation chamber, the third drainage piece has the third extension portion of connecting the second side and from the crooked third bending portion of extending of third extension portion, the crooked direction orientation of third separation chamber.
The side plates and the bottom plate in the separation area are surrounded to form a trapezoid structure, and the volume of one side far away from the adsorption area is smaller than that of one side close to the adsorption area.
The second drainage piece is provided with a drainage groove which is sunken downwards from the upper surface of the second drainage piece, and the drainage groove is communicated with the first separation chamber and the third separation chamber.
The side plates are respectively provided with a fourth side edge opposite to the first side edge and a fifth side edge connecting the fourth side edge with the third side edge, the second side edge is connected with the first side edge and the fourth side edge, and the hydrogen steam-water separator of the fuel cell further comprises a plurality of capillaries which are positioned in the adsorption area and used for absorbing water.
The second side and the fifth side are respectively recessed outwards to form a notch, the capillary tube is arranged in the notch, a wet air outlet joint is formed through the second side, a dry air inlet joint is formed through the fifth side, and the wet air outlet joint and the dry air inlet joint are communicated with each other, and the notch is aligned with the capillary tube.
Compared with the prior art, the hydrogen steam-water separator for the fuel cell has the beneficial effects that: by means of primary separation, repeated vortex flow drainage of hydrogen is achieved through the multiple drainage sheets, repeated centrifugal force is generated on high-speed tail hydrogen discharge, and the effect of efficient separation of liquid water drops and hydrogen is achieved. The water vapor and the heat energy in the hydrogen are adsorbed into the capillary tube by adopting the capillary tube with strong self-adsorption force through secondary separation, the water vapor and the heat energy are transferred into dry air in the capillary tube, and the humidified and heated air enters the fuel cell stack, so that the humidification of a membrane electrode in the fuel cell stack and the recovery of the heat energy in tail hydrogen are realized, the air temperature is ensured, the reaction performance of the fuel cell is improved, and the recovery and the reutilization of the water and the heat energy are realized; meanwhile, the separated hydrogen can be directly reused in the fuel cell system, so that the hydrogen utilization rate is effectively improved, and the emission of the hydrogen into the atmosphere is greatly reduced. The method has the characteristics of good steam-water separation effect, part of water and heat energy recovery, safety, reliability, strong practicability, high treatment speed, good stability, long service life, convenience in maintenance and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a hydrogen separator of a fuel cell according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an exploded schematic view of a hydrogen separator of the fuel cell of FIG. 1;
fig. 3 is a schematic perspective view of the main body of the hydrogen separator of the fuel cell of fig. 2.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, the present invention provides a hydrogen separator for a fuel cell, which includes a main body 10, a cover 18 mounted on the main body 10, and a sealing plate 17 disposed between the main body 10 and the cover 18, wherein the cover 18 and the main body 10 are fixed by a plurality of fasteners 19, and the main body 10 includes a bottom plate 101 and a side plate 102 extending upward from the bottom plate 101. The sealing piece 17 is located above the side plate 102, and the cover plate 18 is mounted above the main body 10. The cover plate 18 forms a sealed cavity 20 with the body 10.
Referring to fig. 3, the seal chamber 20 is divided into a separation region 201 and an adsorption region 202 penetrating the separation region 201. The separation region 201 is formed by enclosing the side plate 102 and the bottom plate 101, and has a trapezoid structure, and one side is small and the other side is large. The side plates 102 have a first side edge 1021, a second side edge 1022 and a third side edge 1023 respectively located on two sides of the first side edge 1021. In this embodiment, the separation region 201 near the first side 1021 is small in volume and the adsorption region 202 is large in volume. Recessed downwardly from the upper surface of the side plate 102.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the hydrogen-water separator of the fuel cell of the present invention further includes a separator having a first flow guiding sheet 10a, a second flow guiding sheet 10b, and a third flow guiding sheet 10c located in the separation region 201. The first and third drainage sheets 10a, 10c extend from the second side edge 1022 to the opposite third side edge 1023, the second drainage sheet 10b extends from the third side edge 1023 to the opposite second side edge 1022, and the second drainage sheet 10b is located between the first and third drainage sheets 10a, 10c. The first drainage sheet 10a forms a first separation chamber 10d together with the first side 1021, the second side 1022 and the third side 1023, the first drainage sheet 10a, the second drainage sheet 10b and the second side 1022 form a second separation chamber 10e together, and the third drainage sheet 10c, the second drainage sheet 10b and the third side 1023 form a third separation chamber 10f. The first separation chamber 10d, the second separation chamber 10e, and the third separation chamber 10f are respectively communicated. On the first side 1021, there is a wet hydrogen inlet connection 14 communicating with the first separation chamber 10 d. The first, second and third flow guiding sheets 10a, 10b, 10c allow the spiral flow of the entering hydrogen.
The first drainage piece 10a, the second drainage piece 10b and the third drainage piece 10c have the same height as the side plate 102, a drainage groove 10i recessed downwards from the upper surface of the second drainage piece 10b is arranged between the second drainage piece 10b and the third side 1023, and the drainage groove 10i is communicated with the first separation chamber 10d and the third separation chamber 10f.
As shown in fig. 3, the first drainage sheet 10a has a first extending portion 101a connected to the second side 1022 and a first bending portion 102a bent and extended from the first extending portion 101a, the first bending portion 102a is bent in a direction toward the first separation chamber 10d, the second drainage sheet 10b has a second extending portion 101b connected to the third side 1023 and a second bending portion 102b bent and extended from the second extending portion 101b, the second bending portion 102b is bent in a direction toward the second separation chamber 10e, and the third drainage sheet 10c has a third extending portion 101c connected to the second side 1022 and a third bending portion 102c bent and extended from the third extending portion 101c, and the third bending portion 102c is bent in a direction toward the third separation chamber 10f. The volume of the first separation chamber 10d is smaller than the volume of the second separation chamber 10e, and the volume of the second separation chamber 10e is smaller than the volume of the third separation chamber 10f.
The adsorption area 202 is formed by enclosing the side plate 102 and the bottom plate 101, and has a substantially rectangular structure, the side plate 102 further has a fourth side 1024 opposite to the first side 1021, a fifth side 1025 connecting the fourth side 1024 and the third side 1023, and the second side 1022 connects the first side 1021 and the fourth side 1024.
The hydrogen gas-water separator of the fuel cell further comprises a plurality of capillaries 11 which are positioned in the adsorption area 202 and are used for absorbing water, a notch 112 is formed by outwards sinking the capillaries 11 from the second side 1022 and the fifth side 1025 respectively, the capillaries 11 are arranged in the notch 112, a wet air outlet joint 13 is formed through the second side 1022, a dry air inlet joint 15 is formed through the fifth side 1025, and the wet air outlet joint 13 and the dry air inlet joint 15 are communicated with the notch 112 and are aligned with the capillaries 11. Buffer space 205 is formed between wet air outlet fitting 13, dry air inlet fitting 15 and capillary tube 11.
A hydrogen outlet connection 12 is formed through the second side 1022 and a drain connection 16 is formed through the fifth side 1025, the hydrogen outlet connection 12 and the drain connection 16 being located on the second side 1022 and the fifth side 1025, respectively, and on a side remote from the separation region 201. The hydrogen outlet fitting 12 and the drain fitting 16 are not aligned with the capillary tube 11.
When the wet hydrogen separation device works, first-stage separation is carried out, hydrogen with moisture enters the first separation chamber 10d from the wet hydrogen inlet joint 14, the wet hydrogen rotates anticlockwise in the first separation chamber 10d under the action of the first drainage sheet 10a, and large-particle water drops are primarily separated under the action of centrifugal force; secondly, entering a second separation chamber 10e, and under the action of a second drainage sheet 10b, rotating the wet hydrogen clockwise in the second separation chamber 10e, and separating larger particle water drops under the action of centrifugal force; then enters the third separation chamber 10f, the wet hydrogen rotates anticlockwise in the third separation chamber 10f under the action of the third drainage sheet 10c, and small-particle water drops are separated out under the action of centrifugal force for three times; the spiral direction of the hydrogen entering the second separation chamber is opposite to that of the hydrogen entering the first separation chamber, and the spiral direction of the hydrogen entering the first separation chamber is the same as that of the hydrogen entering the third separation chamber. Then, performing secondary separation, namely, enabling hydrogen to enter a region of a capillary tube 11 distributed with strong self-priming capability, sucking residual water vapor and heat in the hydrogen into the capillary tube 11, enabling dry air to enter the capillary tube 11 through a dry air inlet joint 15, adsorbing the water vapor and heat in the capillary tube 11, humidifying and heating the dry air, and enabling the dry air to enter a fuel cell system through a wet air outlet joint 13; finally, dry hydrogen enters the fuel cell system through the hydrogen outlet joint 12, and in the above process, the water separated in the first separation chamber 10d and the second separation chamber 10e enters the third separation chamber 10f through the drain tank 10i, and finally is discharged outside through the drain joint 16.
The hydrogen gas-water separator of the fuel cell adopts primary separation, and realizes repeated vortex flow drainage of hydrogen by adopting a plurality of drainage sheets, so that repeated centrifugal force is generated on high-speed tail hydrogen discharge, and the effect of efficiently separating liquid water drops from hydrogen is achieved. The water vapor and the heat energy in the hydrogen are adsorbed into the capillary tube by adopting the capillary tube with strong self-adsorption force through secondary separation, the water vapor and the heat energy are transferred into dry air in the capillary tube, and the humidified and heated air enters the fuel cell stack, so that the humidification of a membrane electrode in the fuel cell stack and the recovery of the heat energy in the tail hydrogen are realized, the air temperature is ensured, the reaction performance of the fuel cell is improved, and meanwhile, the recovery and the reutilization of the water and the heat energy are realized; meanwhile, the separated hydrogen can be directly reused in the fuel cell system, so that the hydrogen utilization rate is effectively improved, and the emission of the hydrogen into the atmosphere is greatly reduced. The method has the characteristics of good steam-water separation effect, part of water and heat energy recovery, safety, reliability, strong practicability, high treatment speed, good stability, long service life, convenience in maintenance and the like.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (7)

1. The utility model provides a fuel cell's hydrogen catch water, its includes the main part and install in apron on the main part, apron and main part form sealed chamber, the main part include the bottom plate and from the curb plate that the bottom plate upwards extends, sealed chamber have separation region and with the adsorption area that the separation region link up mutually, the curb plate has first side respectively, is located respectively second side and the third side of first side both sides, its characterized in that: the hydrogen gas-water separator of the fuel cell further comprises a first drainage sheet, a second drainage sheet and a third drainage sheet which are positioned in the separation area and enable hydrogen to flow spirally; the first drainage piece, the first side edge, the second side edge and the third side edge jointly form a first separation chamber, the first drainage piece, the second drainage piece and the second side edge jointly enclose to form a second separation chamber, and the third drainage piece, the second drainage piece and the third side edge form a third separation chamber; the first separation chamber, the second separation chamber and the third separation chamber are respectively communicated; the side plates are respectively provided with a fourth side edge opposite to the first side edge and a fifth side edge connecting the fourth side edge and the third side edge, the second side edge is connected with the first side edge and the fourth side edge, and the hydrogen-steam-water separator of the fuel cell further comprises a plurality of capillaries which are positioned in the adsorption area and used for absorbing water; the second side and the fifth side are respectively recessed outwards to form a notch, the capillary tube is arranged in the notch, a wet air outlet joint is formed through the second side, a dry air inlet joint is formed through the fifth side, and the wet air outlet joint and the dry air inlet joint are communicated with each other, and the notch is aligned with the capillary tube.
2. The fuel cell hydrogen separator according to claim 1, wherein: the wet hydrogen inlet connector is positioned on the first side and communicated with the first separation chamber, the spiral direction of hydrogen entering the second separation chamber is opposite to that of hydrogen entering the first separation chamber, and the spiral direction of hydrogen entering the first separation chamber is the same as that of hydrogen entering the third separation chamber.
3. The fuel cell hydrogen separator according to claim 2, wherein: the first separation chamber has a volume less than the second separation chamber volume, and the second separation chamber volume is less than the third separation chamber volume.
4. A hydrogen separator for a fuel cell as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the first drainage piece and the third drainage piece extend from a second side edge to the opposite third side edge, the second drainage piece extends from the third side edge to the opposite second side edge, and the second drainage piece is located between the first drainage piece and the third drainage piece.
5. The fuel cell hydrogen separator as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the first drainage piece has the first extension portion of connecting the second side and from the first bending portion of the crooked extension of first extension portion, first bending portion bending direction orientation first separation chamber, the second drainage piece has the second extension portion of connecting the third side and from the crooked second bending portion of extending of second extension portion, second bending portion bending direction orientation second separation chamber, the third drainage piece has the third extension portion of connecting the second side and from the crooked third bending portion of extending of third extension portion, the crooked direction orientation of third separation chamber.
6. The fuel cell hydrogen separator according to claim 1, wherein: the side plates and the bottom plate in the separation area are surrounded to form a trapezoid structure, and the volume of one side far away from the adsorption area is smaller than that of one side close to the adsorption area.
7. The fuel cell hydrogen separator according to claim 1, wherein: the second drainage piece is provided with a drainage groove which is sunken downwards from the upper surface of the second drainage piece, and the drainage groove is communicated with the first separation chamber and the third separation chamber.
CN201810854267.5A 2018-07-30 2018-07-30 Hydrogen steam-water separator for fuel cell Active CN109004248B (en)

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JP7120983B2 (en) * 2019-11-22 2022-08-17 本田技研工業株式会社 fuel cell system
CN112103547B (en) * 2020-09-18 2022-02-18 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 Fuel cell stack manifold assembly

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