CN109003522B - Decompression sickness dummy - Google Patents

Decompression sickness dummy Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109003522B
CN109003522B CN201811192304.7A CN201811192304A CN109003522B CN 109003522 B CN109003522 B CN 109003522B CN 201811192304 A CN201811192304 A CN 201811192304A CN 109003522 B CN109003522 B CN 109003522B
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blood vessel
simulated
simulated blood
air
gas
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CN109003522A (en
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范维
方以群
顾靖华
袁恒荣
包晓辰
谷爱梅
李娜
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Institute Of Naval Medicine Naval Military Medical University Chinese Pla
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
    • G09B23/00—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
    • G09B23/28—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for medicine
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
    • G09B23/00—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
    • G09B23/28—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for medicine
    • G09B23/30—Anatomical models
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
    • G09B23/00—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
    • G09B23/28—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for medicine
    • G09B23/30—Anatomical models
    • G09B23/303—Anatomical models specially adapted to simulate circulation of bodily fluids

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Abstract

The invention provides a decompression sickness simulator, which comprises at least one simulated blood vessel, at least one gas tube and a gas pump; the simulated blood vessel is made of transparent material and is filled with liquid; at least one of the simulated blood vessels is made of waterproof and breathable material; the gas pipe is made of transparent material and at least wraps the simulated blood vessel made of waterproof and breathable material; the air pump is connected with the air pipe in a gas-tight manner and can add and/or discharge air to the air pipe. The method has the advantages that the formation of the decompression sickness can be visually seen, the parameters for rapidly eliminating the decompression sickness can be deeply researched, and the industrial blank is filled.

Description

Decompression sickness dummy
Technical Field
The invention relates to a human simulator model, in particular to a decompression sickness human simulator.
Background
The decompression sickness is a systemic disease caused by that gas originally dissolved in a body exceeds a supersaturation limit and bubbles are formed inside and outside a blood vessel and in tissues due to improper decompression after operation in a high-pressure environment. Acute decompression sickness occurs in a short time after or during decompression. The slowly evolving ischemic bone or bone joint lesions that occur primarily in the femur, humerus, and tibia are decompressive osteonecrosis.
Diving operation, caisson operation, special high altitude flight, etc., if the decompression rule is not complied with, nitrogen bubble compression or vascular embolism symptoms can appear, resulting in decompression sickness. In underwater operation, every 10m of the body is submerged, which is approximately equivalent to increasing the pressure by one atmosphere, and the increased pressure is called the additional pressure. The sum of the additional pressure and the atmospheric pressure at the surface is called total pressure or absolute pressure. In the high pressure environment, the partial pressure of various gases in alveoli increases and immediately balances the partial pressure of various gases in the inhaled compressed air. Because the partial pressure of gas in alveoli is higher than the pressure of gas in blood, gas is dissolved in blood according to Boyle's law, which increases the amount of gas dissolved in blood accordingly.
When the human body is gradually changed to normal air pressure from a high-air-pressure environment, the air in the blood enters the blood vessel wall of the pulmonary artery, permeates into the lung and is gradually and slowly discharged out of the body through the pulmonary alveolus without adverse effects. When the pressure reduction is too fast and exceeds the external total air pressure, the dissolution state can not be continuously maintained, and then the dissolved substances are accumulated in tissues and blood in the form of bubbles within a few seconds to a few minutes; the faster the pressure is reduced, the faster the bubbles are generated and the more the accumulation. Nitrogen may exist in a bubble state for a long period of time.
In addition, as the formation of the vacuoles in the blood vessels continues, resulting in hypoxia and damage to the tissues, the cells release potassium ions, peptides, histamine and proteolytic enzymes, which in turn stimulate the production of histamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine. These substances act mainly on the microcirculation system, leading to paralysis of vascular smooth muscle, obstruction of microcirculation blood vessels, etc., and further reducing the desaturation rate of nitrogen in tissues and body fluids. Bubble formation is therefore a primary factor in the pathogenesis of decompression sickness.
In the study and research of the decompression sickness, a simulation model aiming at the pathological formation is not available, so that the decompression sickness is difficult to be intuitively recognized, and corresponding data cannot be obtained by adopting a simulation experiment.
Disclosure of Invention
The decompression sickness simulator provided by the invention can visually see the formation of decompression sickness, and can carry out deep research on parameters for rapidly eliminating the decompression sickness so as to overcome the defects of the prior art.
The invention provides a decompression sickness simulator, which comprises at least one simulated blood vessel, at least one gas tube and a gas pump; the simulated blood vessel is made of transparent material and is filled with liquid; at least one of the simulated blood vessels is made of waterproof and breathable material; the gas pipe is made of transparent material and at least wraps the simulated blood vessel made of waterproof and breathable material; the air pump is connected with the air pipe in a gas-tight manner and can add and/or discharge air to the air pipe.
Further, the present invention provides a reduced pressure patient simulator, which may further have the following features: when the air pump increases pressure to the air pipe, the pressurized air permeates into the simulated blood vessel through the waterproof breathable material to form bubbles.
Further, the present invention provides a reduced pressure patient simulator, which may further have the following features: when the air pump slowly discharges the air in the air pipe according to the set conditions, the pressure in the air pipe is slowly reduced, and the air in the simulated blood vessel is discharged out of the simulated blood vessel through the waterproof breathable material.
Further, the present invention provides a reduced pressure patient simulator, which may further have the following features: the gas pipe is provided with an exhaust valve; the exhaust valve is opened to rapidly exhaust the pressurized gas in the gas pipe.
Further, the present invention provides a reduced pressure patient simulator, which may further have the following features: also comprises a liquid pump; the liquid pipe forms a circulation loop; the liquid pump drives the flow of liquid within the liquid tube.
Further, the present invention provides a reduced pressure patient simulator, which may further have the following features: also included is simulating a heart; the simulated heart comprises a right atrium, a right ventricle, a left ventricle and a left atrium; the right atrium and the right ventricle are provided with one-way valves, and liquid can only flow from the right atrium to the right ventricle; the left atrium and left ventricle are provided with one-way valves, and liquid can only flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle.
Further, the present invention provides a reduced pressure patient simulator, which may further have the following features: the simulated blood vessels are connected to the simulated heart.
Further, the present invention provides a reduced pressure patient simulator, which may further have the following features: also included are simulated lungs; the simulated lung is connected to the simulated heart by simulated blood vessels.
Further, the present invention provides a reduced pressure patient simulator, which may further have the following features: the simulated blood vessel connected with the simulated lung is made of waterproof and breathable material.
Further, the present invention provides a reduced pressure patient simulator, which may further have the following features: the human body model comprises a human body model body, and the simulated blood vessel and the gas tube are fixed on the human body model body.
Drawings
Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a reduced pressure patient simulator.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a structure of a simulated heart.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a lung-simulated blood vessel and a gas tube.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and specific embodiments.
Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a reduced pressure patient simulator.
As shown in fig. 1, in the present embodiment, the decompression sickness simulator includes: manikin body 10, simulated heart 20, simulated lung 30, lung simulated blood vessel 40, liquid pump, gas tube 50, gas pump and limb blood vessel 60.
The manikin body 10 simulates the shape of a human body, and skeletal muscles and the like can be drawn on the manikin body. The simulated heart 20, the simulated lung 30, the lung simulated blood vessel 40, the gas tube 50, the gas pump and the limb blood vessel 60 are all fixed in corresponding positions on the manikin body 10. The lung mimic blood vessel 40 and limb blood vessel 60 are filled with red fluid, mimicking blood. A fluid pump may be provided at the location of the simulated heart 20 to drive fluid flow in the lung simulated blood vessel 40 and limb blood vessel 60.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a structure of a simulated heart.
As shown in fig. 2, the simulated heart 20 includes: right atrium 21, right ventricle 22, left atrium 26, and left ventricle 27. The right atrium 21 and the right ventricle 22 are provided with a check valve 23, and fluid can only flow from the right atrium 21 to the right ventricle 22. The left atrium 26 and the left ventricle 27 are provided with a one-way valve 28, and fluid can only flow from the left atrium 26 to the left ventricle 27. The simulated heart 20 in fig. 2 is a schematic plan view for showing the connection relationship between the lung simulated blood vessel 40 and the limb blood vessel 60, and can be actually made into a solid heart model consistent with the solid body, and the simulation degree is higher.
Right atrium 21 is connected to limb vessel 60, simulating venous blood flow from right atrium 21 into the heart, through one-way valve 23 into right ventricle 22. The inflow pulmonary artery mimic 40 is then connected to the right ventricle 22.
In this embodiment, the simulated lung 30 is divided into a left lung 30a and a right lung 30 b. After communicating with right ventricle 22, pulmonary mimic 40 flows through left and right lungs 30a and 30b, respectively, and flows back into left atrium 26, i.e., pulmonary mimic 40 communicates with left atrium 26. Fluid from the left atrium 26 flows into the left ventricle 27 through the one-way valve 28. The left ventricle 27 is also in communication with the limb vessel 60 and fluid flows from the left ventricle 27 into the limb vessel 60. In this embodiment, the limb blood vessel 60 is divided into four circuits located at the four extremities. The blood vessels of the limbs of the brain can be arranged according to the requirement, and certainly, only one blood vessel circulation indication of the limbs can be arranged.
In this embodiment, the limb blood vessel 60 may be made of a transparent material. The lung-simulating blood vessel 40 is not only made of transparent material, but also made of waterproof and breathable material, and can only permeate gas, but can not permeate liquid.
Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional structure diagram of a lung-simulated blood vessel and a gas tube.
As shown in fig. 3, the lung simulating blood vessels 40 are all arranged in the gas pipe 50, i.e. the gas pipe 50 is wrapped around the lung simulating blood vessels 40 made of waterproof and breathable material. The air pump may be provided at the rear of the manikin body 10 in air tight connection with the air tube 50, and may add and/or discharge air to the air tube 50. The gas pipe 50 is also provided with a vent valve. The pressurized gas in the gas pipe can be rapidly discharged by opening the exhaust valve. The lung simulation vessel 40 can adopt polytetrafluoroethylene or artificial blood vessel according to the requirement of the model; the general teaching model only needs polytetrafluoroethylene, and when the deep research is carried out, the artificial blood vessel can be adopted to completely simulate and eliminate bubbles in the decompression sickness.
The working principle of the decompression sickness simulator is as follows:
when the pump increases the pressure of several atmospheres to the gas tube 50, the diving operation is simulated to a certain depth. At this point, the pressure in the gas tube 50 is significantly greater than the pressure within the lung simulator vessel 40. The high pressure gas permeates into the lung simulating blood vessel 40 through the waterproof and breathable material under the action of pressure to form bubbles, and can be observed through the transparent gas pipe. The fluid containing the air bubbles within the lung simulator vessel 40 is driven through the simulator heart 20 to the limb vessel 60 by a fluid pump. This process can be clearly observed through transparent simulated blood vessels and gas tubes.
Under the premise, if the formation of the decompression sickness needs to be simulated, only the exhaust valve needs to be opened, the gas pipe 50 is communicated with the atmosphere, the air is rapidly exhausted and decompressed, and the simulated divers quickly float up to the water surface. At this time, the lung-simulated blood vessel 40 made of the gas-permeable waterproof and breathable material needs a certain time and cannot be rapidly discharged, but the gas is broken by the difference between the internal pressure and the external pressure to form a large number of small bubbles to circulate in the body, so that the circulatory disease is formed.
In the other simulation slow decompression process, the air in the air pipe is slowly exhausted by the air pump according to the set conditions, the pressure is maintained for 5-15 minutes when the pressure is reduced by 0.5-1 atmospheric pressure, the next exhaust decompression is carried out until the pressure is the same as the atmospheric pressure, and the air is exhausted into the air pipe through the lung simulation blood vessel 40. The pressure-reducing patient simulator can set different slow pressure-reducing conditions, is not limited to equal pressure and other time, and can observe the gas discharge condition under higher pressure and with shorter residence time and closer to standard atmospheric pressure and longer residence time, so as to obtain the optimal pressure-reducing mode as the reference of the pressure-reducing patient.

Claims (7)

1. A reduced pressure patient simulator, comprising: comprises at least one simulated blood vessel, at least one gas tube and a gas pump;
wherein, the simulated blood vessel is made of transparent material and is filled with liquid;
at least one of the simulated blood vessels is made of a waterproof and breathable material;
the gas pipe is made of transparent material and at least wraps the simulated blood vessel made of the waterproof and breathable material;
the air pump is connected with the air pipe in a gas sealing mode and can add and/or discharge air to the air pipe;
when the air pump increases pressure to the air pipe, pressurized air permeates into the simulated blood vessel through the waterproof breathable material to form bubbles;
when the air pump slowly discharges the air in the air pipe according to a set condition, the pressure in the air pipe is slowly reduced, and the air in the simulated blood vessel is discharged out of the simulated blood vessel through the waterproof breathable material; the gas pipe is provided with an exhaust valve;
and opening the exhaust valve to rapidly exhaust the pressurized gas in the gas pipe.
2. The reduced pressure patient simulator of claim 1, wherein:
also comprises a liquid pump;
wherein the simulated blood vessel constitutes a circulatory loop;
the fluid pump drives fluid flow within the simulated blood vessel.
3. The reduced pressure patient simulator of claim 1, wherein:
also included is simulating a heart; the simulated heart comprises a right atrium, a right ventricle, a left ventricle and a left atrium;
the right atrium and the right ventricle are provided with one-way valves, and liquid can only flow from the right atrium to the right ventricle;
the left atrium and the left ventricle are provided with one-way valves, and liquid can only flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle.
4. The reduced pressure patient simulator of claim 3, wherein:
wherein the simulated blood vessel is connected to the simulated heart.
5. The reduced pressure patient simulator of claim 4, wherein:
also included are simulated lungs; the simulated lung is connected to the simulated heart through the simulated blood vessel.
6. The reduced pressure patient simulator of claim 5, wherein:
wherein the simulated blood vessel connected with the simulated lung is the waterproof breathable material.
7. The reduced pressure patient simulator of claim 1, wherein:
the human body model comprises a human body model body, and the simulated blood vessel and the gas tube are fixed on the human body model body.
CN201811192304.7A 2018-10-12 2018-10-12 Decompression sickness dummy Active CN109003522B (en)

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