CN109002959A - A kind of harmful influence risk in transit forecasting system based on big data - Google Patents
A kind of harmful influence risk in transit forecasting system based on big data Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The harmful influence risk in transit forecasting system based on big data that the present invention relates to a kind of, it is characterised in that: realize module including data representation module, risk factors statistics and analysis module, prediction module and emulation experiment and system.The present invention gives full play to the advantage of the subject crossings such as technology of Internet of things, data mining technology, statistical management technology, mobile communication technology; data warehouse model, risk Factor Analysis method and the risk profile mechanism transported towards harmful influence are furtherd investigate, makes every effort to analyze the progress with making a breakthrough property in the critical issue research of prediction in region harmful influence risk in transit.
Description
Technical field
The harmful influence risk in transit forecasting system based on big data that the present invention relates to a kind of.
Background technique
With the fast development of China's economic, it is daily that hazardous chemical has become national defense construction, industrial and agricultural production and the people
Indispensable valuable cargo in life.However, hazardous chemical during road transport, due to equipment deficiency, shock, squeezes
The reasons such as pressure, the container and related auxiliary equipment for containing inflammable, explosive, toxic dangerous material are possible to breakdown or rupture, damage,
A large amount of inflammable, the explosive, toxic chemicals transported are leaked out, and then the major accidents such as fire, explosion, poisoning is caused to occur.Especially
Its national center city coin as the coin of Beijing, hazardous chemical road transport vehicle inevitably need to pass through population collection
Region, thus to potential grave dangers of compositions such as resident, pedestrian, other vehicles and facilities on the way.For this purpose, for harmful influence
Risk in transit analysis with prediction and its security monitoring with guarantee it is particularly important.In harmful influence gradually to centralized management trend
The fast development of today of development, Internet of Things and the construction of Digital City coinization brings the Informatization Management System of harmful influence into
Big data era.And in face of the basis acquisition data of these magnanimity, traditional data analysis tool can no longer meet so huge
Greatly, isomery, time-varying unstructured data analysis demand, so as to cause showing for a kind of " data explosion but knowledge being poor "
As.Data mining technology exactly solves the best approach of this problem.The arrival and data mining technology of big data era
Reach its maturity and move towards informationization path without the safety management suspected of harmful influence transport and provide a strong branch stake tool.
In the world, analysis Transportation of Dangerous Chemicals risk causes the concern for practicing boundary and academia already.China is to danger
The research of chemical transport risk analysis was just gradually appeared in middle and later periods the 1990s.By 20 years of researches, state
It is inside and outside that many preferable achievements have been achieved in terms of risk analysis of dangerous chemical.Unfortunately, current big portion
Divide and a series of problems still had for the research of harmful influence risk analysis, is mainly manifested in:
(1) lack effective multidimensional, multi-source data expression, can not analyze and be provided comprehensively for harmful influence risk in transit
Data supporting；
(2) lack the risk analysis method based on modern information technologies, current risk analysis mostly uses greatly law of great number
Conventional probability statistical method；
(3) lack the dynamic risk prediction model of real-time, major part existing research at present is still towards deterministic fortune
Defeated risk progress risk profile, and the dynamic prediction method for considering the uncertain factor of risk in transit, and passing through feedback mechanism
Risk analysis will be made to be more in line with reality；
(4) lack perfect harmful influence risk in transit predictive software systems, spatial information is not introduced into risk analysis
Links, lacking the information-based of the risk time-space distribution graph of harmful influence risk accidents indicates.
In summary risk analysis and prediction it is believed that by data mining technology applied to harmful influence transport are analyzed,
And on this basis from four data representation, theoretical method, prediction model and software system development angles, for influencing dangerization
Every key technology of product safety management of traffic, which analyse in depth, will be a research direction with development potential.
Summary of the invention
The technical issues of present invention devises a kind of harmful influence risk in transit forecasting system based on big data, solves
Be: (1) prior art lacks effective multidimensional, multi-source data expression, can not analyze and be provided entirely for harmful influence risk in transit
The data supporting in face；(2) prior art lacks the risk analysis method based on modern information technologies, and current risk analysis is most
Using the conventional probability statistical method of law of great number；(3) prior art lacks the dynamic risk prediction model of real-time, big at present
Part existing research still towards deterministic risk in transit carry out risk profile, and consider risk in transit it is uncertain because
Element, and risk analysis will be made to be more in line with reality by the dynamic prediction method of feedback mechanism；(4) prior art lacks perfect
Spatial information is not introduced into the links of risk analysis by harmful influence risk in transit predictive software systems, lacks harmful influence wind
The information-based of the risk time-space distribution graph of dangerous accident indicates.
In order to solve above-mentioned technical problem, present invention employs following scheme:
A kind of harmful influence risk in transit forecasting system based on big data, it is characterised in that: including data representation module, wind
Dangerous factor statistics and analysis module, prediction module and emulation experiment and system realize module.
Further, the data representation module includes data warehouse modeling and data warehouse building；
The data warehouse modeling uses the Modeling Theory based on BWW ontology, and carries out particularization extension to it, in this base
One is proposed on plinth has semantic feature, the Data Warehouse Concept model based on ontology.Wherein data warehouse modeling include with
Lower two stages: a, Problem Areas modeling: user demand is divided into multiple themes, each theme can be carried out with multiple dimensions
It portrays, each dimension can be subdivided into plurality of classes again；B, characteristics of objects models: based on ontology theory, carrying out dimension, class
Not Deng Properties of Objects and its between relationship description, solve the Heterogeneity of data；
The local data storehouse that the data warehouse building solves global data warehouse using " mutual exclusion " strategy and it is supported
Data redundancy and overlap problem between library, i.e. global data warehouse have a public data structure, include and define the overall situation
All publicly-owned data: trans-regional business diagnosis occurs for the harmful influence travel position data in local data's warehouse storage region
When processing, global data warehouse is just enabled, related data enters global data warehouse；
The data are related to meteorological data, demographic data, vehicle status data, kinds of goods medium state data and road conditions letter
Cease data；
The meteorological data includes wind speed, wind direction, air/surface temperature, humidity, illuminance, lighting delay number, atmospheric pressure
Power, rainfall, radiation value；
The demographic data, including driver information, driver's physical condition, driving task time, drive route；
The vehicle status data, including wheel temperature, wheel load, speed, longitudinal acceleration, transverse acceleration, vertical inclination angle, cross
To inclination angle, engine temperature, ABS slip rate, energy consumption data；
The kinds of goods medium state data, including harmful influence vehicle carried container type, goods weight/volume, handling flow, valve
Door switch, liquid level/time, harmful influence temperature, leakage rate, smokescope, harmful influence external temperature；
The traffic information data, including electronic map, remote sensing image, expressway tol lcollection data, emphasis commerial vehicle
GPS data, vehicle flowrate, speed.
Further, the data representation module further includes big data storage model based on cloud computing and based on big data
Task Scheduling Model；
The big data storage model based on cloud computing on the basis of virutal machine memory, add one layer of dynamic buffering and
Inclusion layer enables the file for being shared caching to be retained for a long time among caching；At the same time, by shared data in physics
The mapping address of machine memory cache shared region distributes to virtual machine, and data can directly be visited by making it through this address
It asks, achievees the purpose that data sharing
It is described based on the Task Scheduling Model of big data by the cooperating between Data Storage Models, be distributed
The task schedule of formula selects the calculating money that network cost is minimum under the premise of guaranteeing that task requests can obtain quick response
Source.
Further, the risk factors statistics and analysis module includes following risk factors statistical analysis:
Passed through using the methods of risk assessment of sxemiquantitative with classical risk matrix method (RMA) for semi-quantitative assessment tool
It studies various uncertain factors and the probability distribution of different amplitudes of fluctuation and its influence to travel position occurs, to every risk
Index carries out quantitative evaluation；The calculation formula of risk probability may be expressed as:
R=P*S'(4-1)
Wherein, R is risk index, and P is the probability that factor occurs, and S is the Intrusion Index that factor generates.R, P, S are equal
Simultaneously express the relevant information of Multiple factors simultaneously for matrix variables.
Further, intend on the basis of RMA original advantage, introduce clustering algorithm and it is extended, and by improved
Clustering algorithm classifies automatically to risk index, after obtaining the corresponding probability of happening of each factor and Intrusion Index, root
The corresponding risk index of various risks factor is calculated according to formula (4-1)；Finally, being clustered to risk index, endangered
Dangerous source category；
The specific steps of which are as follows:
Step 1: defining the probability P of each risk factors
P=(P (i), i=1,2 ..., m } (4-2)
Wherein p (i) indicates the probability that i-th kind of risk factors F (i) occurs.Assuming that a certain factor F (i) occurs in T time
Event number be n (i), the total number of events occurred in T time is n, and F (i) probability is p (i), then makes great efforts law it is found that right by shellfish
In any positive number ε > o, have；
That is, frequency n (i)/n that reason F (i) occurs converges on the Probability p of factor generation when n is very big
(i)；Therefore, frequency n (i)/n approximation that event occurs can be regarded as to the Probability p (i) of event generation；
Step 2: defining the probability index p of each factor.Setting by probability index be divided into C class (C=2,3 ... m),
It is different brackets by the probability clustering of each factor firing event by taking C=5 as an example.The value needs of C are surveyed according to sample data
It calculates；
Step 3: defining the severity s of each risk factors firing event；The set of s expression seriousness, s=s (i),
I=1,2 ..., 36 }, wherein, s (i) indicate i-th of factor F (i) cause event severity；
Step 4: defining the severity index S of each risk factors.Setting by Severity Index be divided into C class (C=2,
3 ... m), by taking C=3 as an example, the seriousness of each factor is divided into 3 grades；The value of C needs to be surveyed according to sample data
It calculates.The value range of each grade is clustered using severity s of the K-means algorithm to each factor；
Step 5: calculating the risk index R of each factor according to the following formulaB(P,s)；
RB(P, s)=P*S (4-3)
Step 6: risk assessment.According to the size of the risk index numerical value of each factor, evaluate opposite between each factor
Risk level, that is, degree of danger, it is therefore an objective to distinguish the relative risk level i.e. degree of danger between them；
Step 7: risk class identification.The risk index being calculated is clustered using k-means algorithm, is endangered
Dangerous source structure figure.
Further, the risk factors statistics and analysis module further includes risk factors association analysis:
Step 1: obtaining data, carry out data prediction；
Step 2: Fuzzy Processing is carried out to qualitative attribute using FCM clustering algorithm.FCM by qualitative attribute x (i=1,
2 ..., t) it is transformed to the x indicated by c Fog propertyij(i=1,2 ..., n；J=1,2 ... c) attribute set is found out every
The cluster centre of group attribute, so that the cost function of non-similarity index reaches minimum；Attribute value that treated is between (0,1)
Degree of membership, indicate the attribute value of each attribute point belong to some grouping degree；
Step 3: classification processing being carried out to quantitative attributes, obtains its Boolean property matrix.Certain quantitative attributes is selected first
xi(i=1,2 ..., t), obtain its attribute value number n, and attribute codomain is R, R={ ri, i=1,2 ..., n }, by the category
Property is converted to Boolean type data type matrix；
Step 4: setting minimum support calculates the support of each attribute value, obtains frequent item set；Assuming that data acquisition system is
D, record number are N, and attribute set A, X are the set of m attribute, andThen X={ vi1,vi2,...,vimSupport
Degree is FuzzySupp (X={ vi1,vi2,...,vim}).Wherein, vimIndicate a certain value of j-th of attribute in this m attribute；
Since m=1, the support of each attribute value is calculated, while removing the smallest attribute value of support；
Step 5: setting Minimum support4 calculates the fuzzy credence of the property set value comprising risk information,
Confidence level are as follows:
Wherein, it is needed in Y comprising risk information.Simultaneously remove confidence level less than min_confident set to (X →
Y)；
Step 6: redundancy rule is wiped out, in the strictly all rules obtained according to step 4, if metAnd(or) only need to retainRule.In actual treatment, if covering attribute combines
The rule of XYZ has multiple, it is only necessary to which number of packages is minimum before retention discipline, the rear maximum principle of number of packages.
Further, combination forecasting is used in the prediction module: for the low probability of harmful influence risk in transit event
The feature of height harm adds weight on the basis of risk class is divided and analyzed with correlate for each risk factors, together
When fully consider regional context characteristic, shipping accident rate, population of exposure number, expected loss measure coefficient, pass through integrated approach will
Multiple single qualitative and Quantitative Prediction Models are integrated, and a harmful influence risk in transit multi-dimensional factors combined prediction mould is constructed
Type, to effectively improve precision of prediction.Its Optimal Combination Forecasting model is defined as follows:
If { yi, (t=1,2 ..., n) indicate n actual observation sequence, { fnIndicate to be calculated with i-th kind of prediction technique
Arrive predicted value fitting sequence ((i=1,2 ..., k；T=1,2 ..., n), { wiIndicate various prediction techniques in built-up pattern
Weight set (i=1,2,3..., k),It indicates to combine predicted value and sequence that these models are calculated, therefore:
Further, prediction algorithm used in the prediction module:
On the basis of the combination forecasting, data mining algorithm of the project proposed adoption based on Outliers detection is right
Risk case carries out forecast assessment, and the basic step of algorithm is as follows:
Step 1: outlier problem definition." normal " data are defined to harmful influence transportation safety state items Testing index,
With "abnormal" data and its corresponding deviation metric；
Step 2: data decimation and pretreatment.Data sample is extracted from initial data warehouse, carries out eliminating the number such as noise
Data preprocess, while Data Dimensionality Reduction conversion is carried out, the feature to be considered when reducing data mining and variable number；
Step 3: outlier detection.It is obtained according to outlier problem definition using the data mining algorithm of outlier detection
It peels off, point data；
Step 4: outcome evaluation.Data mining results are assessed, for be unsatisfactory for require data, return step 3,
Again the point data that peels off is detected, until assessment result is met the requirements.
Further, the emulation experiment realizes that module is put down using cloud computing platform as the base layer support of system with system
Platform, while the system architecture mutually separated using storage with calculating, improve the data processing and analysis ability of system.
Further, it includes following four functional module that the emulation experiment and system, which realize that module includes:
Module one, basic data management；Its data acquired for each information source and information are managed, and logarithm
According to progress preliminary purification and pretreatment；
Data are defined data model according to system and are arranged and stored by module two, data storage and management module；
Module three, data mining algorithm module, the realization to all data mining algorithm, and risk is carried out to data and is commented
Estimate；
Module four, subscriber interface module, according to data analysis as a result, being fed back in real time to user, to reach
The purpose of security monitoring and guarantee.
The harmful influence risk in transit forecasting system based on big data has the advantages that
(1) present invention gives full play to technology of Internet of things, data mining technology, statistical management technology, mobile communication technology etc.
It is pre- to further investigate data warehouse model, risk Factor Analysis method and the risk transported towards harmful influence for the advantage of subject crossing
Survey mechanism makes every effort to analyze the progress with making a breakthrough property in the critical issue research of prediction in region harmful influence risk in transit.
(2) present invention proposes a kind of based on ontology, tool for the complexity and uncertainty of Data Warehouse Concept modeling
There is the conceptual data model of semantic information, construct a distribution, multidimensional harmful influence risk in transit data warehouse on this basis,
And propose big data storage and the task scheduling approach of a kind of memory sharing, to multidimensional, the data of multi-source carry out effective expression and
Management is supported and execution performance guarantee to provide effective data for harmful influence risk in transit prediction and management.
(3) present invention is on the basis of data warehouse model, using risk factors and risk case as research object, using statistics
It learns and analyzes, build simultaneously with the related art methods such as data mining, the risk factors and its correlate transported to harmful influence
Vertical Testing index and assessment indicator system provide to formulate scientific safety precaution and management measure for harmful influence road transport
Decision support.
(4) present invention will construct a harmful influence on the basis of risk Factor Analysis
Risk in transit multi-dimensional factors combination forecasting, and data mining algorithm of the proposed adoption based on Outliers detection are right
Risk case carries out forecast assessment, to improve level of decision-making, reduces the probability that risk case occurs.
(5) present invention designs and Implements a base to verify the harmful influence risk in transit prediction model that this project proposes
In cloud computing platform harmful influence risk in transit analysis decision support system, complete basic data management, event statistics analysis,
Data mining analysis while with the basic functions such as system maintenance, considers each ring that spatial information is introduced into risk analysis
Section transports wind to realize that the informationization of harmful influence risk accidents time-space distribution graph indicates for area and its trans-regional harmful influence
Dangerous forecast analysis provides more intuitive effective technical support.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1: data warehouse schema figure in the present invention；
Fig. 2: the big data storage rack composition based on cloud computing in the present invention；
Fig. 3: software system function structure chart in the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to Fig. 1 to Fig. 3, the present invention will be further described:
As shown in Figure 1,
1. the idea and method that the present invention studies
(1) data representation
1. data warehouse modeling: original harmful influence transportation data has very strong complexity, dynamic and isomerism,
This makes the data analysis for carrying out systematization to it become a difficult task.On the one hand, involved in harmful influence transportational process
To various dimensions information such as weather, personnel, vehicle, kinds of goods medium, road conditions, times, these dimensions, which cooperate with each other, to be together constituted
Specific harmful influence road transport scene；On the other hand, the source of data is related to different department and agencies, different physics
Equipment, different operating system, and the institutional framework mode of data itself also includes structuring, semi-structured and unstructured number
According to.Various dimensions, multi-source data characteristics the identification, analysis and prediction of the expression of data, storage and management and data are mentioned
Huge challenge out.
For above data feature, Modeling Theory of the proposed adoption of the present invention based on BWW ontology, and particularization expansion is carried out to it
Exhibition, proposing one on this basis has semantic feature, the Data Warehouse Concept model based on ontology.Wherein data warehouse is built
Mould includes the following two stage:
A, Problem Areas models: user demand being divided into multiple themes, each theme can be carved with multiple dimensions
It draws, each dimension can be subdivided into plurality of classes again.
B, characteristics of objects models: based on ontology theory, carry out dimension, the Properties of Objects such as classification and its between pass
The description of system solves the Heterogeneity of data.
2. data warehouse constructs: the key for constructing Distributed Data Warehouse is how to reflect the data in local data warehouse
It is mapped in the data structure in global data warehouse.Therefore, proposed adoption " mutual exclusion " strategy of the present invention solves global data warehouse and it
The data redundancy and overlap problem between local data warehouse supported, i.e. global data warehouse have a public data knot
Structure, include and define global all publicly-owned data: local data warehouse stores the harmful influence travel position data of this city, occurs
When trans-regional business diagnosis is handled, global data warehouse is just enabled, related data enters global data warehouse.Wherein, data
Warehouse schema figure is as shown in Figure 1.
3. the big data storage model based on cloud computing: in face of the dynamic of ultra-large mass data and data
By force, the features such as I/O throughput is high, the storage management of big data face unprecedented challenge.For this purpose, the present invention intends in data bins
A kind of big data storage strategy based on cloud computing is proposed on the basis of the model of library, it is empty to solve large-scale data and limited memory
Between between contradiction.Different from above traditional file system, the solution that the present invention proposes the file system of meter is, in void
On the basis of quasi- machine memory, one layer of dynamic buffering and inclusion layer are added, enables the file for being shared caching among caching
Retained for a long time.At the same time, the mapping address by shared data in physical machine memory cache shared region distributes to virtual machine, makes
It can directly access data by this address, achieve the purpose that data sharing, data storage architecture such as Fig. 2 institute
Show.
4. the Task Scheduling Model based on big data:
Timeliness is the important performance indexes of safety monitoring system.For this purpose, the present invention will combine above-mentioned big data storage side
Case proposes a kind of effective Task Scheduling Model, under service response time and the constraint condition of network cost, by with number
According to the cooperating between storage model, distributed task schedule is carried out, to guarantee that task requests can obtain quick response
Under the premise of, the minimum computing resource of selection network cost.
(2) theory analysis；
A, risk factors statistically analyze:
According to true harmful influence risk in transit casualty data, the present invention uses statistics correlation technique to causing to endanger first
Every reason of change product risk in transit accident carries out deep analysis, summary and conclusion.On this basis, for every class risk because
Plain successively refinement, while importance sorting is carried out to risk factors according to degree of risk, form perfect point first Factor system knot
Structure.
Under above-mentioned risk factors architecture, the methods of risk assessment of proposed adoption sxemiquantitative of the present invention, with classical wind
Dangerous matrix method (RMA) is semi-quantitative assessment tool, and the probability of different amplitudes of fluctuation occurs by studying various uncertain factors
Distribution and its influence to travel position carry out quantitative evaluation to every risk indicator.The calculation formula of risk probability can indicate
Are as follows:
R=P*S'(4-1)
Wherein, R is risk index, and P is the probability that factor occurs, and S is the Intrusion Index that factor generates.R, P, S are equal
Simultaneously express the relevant information of Multiple factors simultaneously for matrix variables.
In order to solve data index of the RMA for dynamic change defect heavy in hand, the present invention intends in the original advantage of RMA
On the basis of, it introduces clustering algorithm and it is extended, and classified automatically by improved clustering algorithm to risk index,
After obtaining the corresponding probability of happening of each factor and Intrusion Index, various risks factor is calculated according to formula (4-1)
Corresponding risk index.Finally, clustering to risk index, dangerous source category is obtained.
The specific steps of which are as follows:
Step 1: defining the probability P of each risk factors
P=(P (i), i=1,2 ..., m } (4-2)
Wherein p (i) indicates the probability that i-th kind of risk factors F (i) occurs.Assuming that a certain factor F (i) occurs in T time
Event number be n (i), the total number of events occurred in T time is n, and F (i) probability is p (i), then makes great efforts law it is found that right by shellfish
In any positive number ε > o, there is limn→∞| n (i)/n-p (i) | < ε }=1.
That is, frequency n (i)/n that reason F (i) occurs converges on the Probability p of factor generation when n is very big
(i).Therefore, frequency n (i)/n approximation that event occurs can be regarded as to the Probability p (i) of event generation.
Step 2: defining the probability index p of each factor.Setting by probability index be divided into C class (C=2,3 ... m),
It is different brackets by the probability clustering of each factor firing event by taking C=5 as an example.The value needs of C are surveyed according to sample data
It calculates.
Step 3: defining the severity s of each risk factors firing event.The set of s expression seriousness, s=s (i),
I=1,2 ..., 36 }, wherein, s (i) indicate i-th of factor F (i) cause event severity.
Step 4: defining the severity index S of each risk factors.Setting by Severity Index be divided into C class (C=2,
3 ... m), by taking C=3 as an example, the seriousness of each factor is divided into 3 grades.The value of C needs to be surveyed according to sample data
It calculates.The value range of each grade is clustered using severity s of the K-means algorithm to each factor.
Step 5: calculating the risk index R of each factor according to the following formulaB(P,s)。
RB(P, s)=P*S (4-3)
Step 6: risk assessment.According to the size of the risk index numerical value of each factor, evaluate opposite between each factor
Risk level, that is, degree of danger, it is therefore an objective to distinguish the relative risk level i.e. degree of danger between them.
Step 7: risk class identification.The risk index being calculated is clustered using k-means algorithm, is endangered
Dangerous source structure figure.
B, risk factors association analysis:
Data in the present invention have the characteristics that discretization degree is high, thus with the category of harmful influence road transport risk case
Property is research object, and proposed adoption fuzzy association rules algorithm excavates the pass of emphasis from the real data of historical risk event
Connection factor, the dependence between analysis incident time, space, reason, seriousness and its treatment measures.Wherein, for quantitative
Attribute, project proposed adoption Fuzzy c-mean Algorithm (FCM) are divided into several fuzzy sets to it；For quantitative attributes, will count
Its value type, while it being converted into logical type value, to be associated the excavation of rule.The specific steps of which are as follows:
Step 1: obtaining data, carry out data prediction.
Step 2: Fuzzy Processing is carried out to qualitative attribute using FCM clustering algorithm.FCM by qualitative attribute x (i=1,
2 ..., t) it is transformed to the x indicated by c Fog propertyij(i=1,2 ..., n；J=1,2 ... c) attribute set is found out every
The cluster centre of group attribute, so that the cost function of non-similarity index reaches minimum.Attribute value that treated is between (0,1)
Degree of membership, indicate the attribute value of each attribute point belong to some grouping degree.
Step 3: classification processing being carried out to quantitative attributes, obtains its Boolean property matrix.Certain quantitative attributes is selected first
xi(i=1,2 ..., t), obtain its attribute value number n, and attribute codomain is R, R={ ri, i=1,2 ..., n }, by the category
Property is converted to Boolean type data type matrix.
Step 4: setting minimum support calculates the support of each attribute value, obtains frequent item set.Assuming that data acquisition system is
D, record number are N, and attribute set A, X are the set of m attribute, andThen X={ vi1,vi2,...,vimBranch
Degree of holding is FuzzySupp (X={ vi1,vi2,...,vim}).Wherein, vimIndicate that j-th of a certain of attribute takes in this m attribute
Value.Since m=1, the support of each attribute value is calculated, while removing the smallest attribute value of support.
Step 5: setting Minimum support4 calculates the fuzzy credence of the property set value comprising risk information,
Confidence level are as follows:
Wherein, it is needed in Y comprising risk information.Remove the set pair that confidence level is less than min_confident simultaneously
Step 6: redundancy rule is wiped out, in the strictly all rules obtained according to step 4, if metAnd(orIt only needs to retainRule.In actual treatment, if covering attribute combines
The rule of XYZ has multiple, it is only necessary to which number of packages is minimum before retention discipline, the rear maximum principle of number of packages.
(3) prediction model
1, combination forecasting: for the feature of the low probability height harm of harmful influence risk in transit event, the present invention intends
Risk class is divided on the basis of correlate analysis, adds weight for each risk factors, while fully considering space
Regional characteristic, shipping accident rate, population of exposure number, the expected loss isometry factor, will be multiple single qualitative by integrated approach
It is integrated with Quantitative Prediction Model, a harmful influence risk in transit multi-dimensional factors combination forecasting is constructed, to effectively mention
High precision of prediction.Its Optimal Combination Forecasting model is defined as follows:
If { yi, (t=1,2 ..., n) indicate n actual observation sequence, { fnIndicate to be calculated with i-th kind of prediction technique
Arrive predicted value fitting sequence ((i=1,2 ..., k；T=1,2 ..., n), { wiIndicate various prediction techniques in built-up pattern
Weight set (i=1,2,3..., k),It indicates to combine predicted value and sequence that these models are calculated, therefore:
Prediction algorithm: on the basis of the above prediction model, project proposed adoption is calculated based on the data mining of Outliers detection
Method carries out forecast assessment to risk case, and the basic step of algorithm is as follows:
Step 1: outlier problem definition." normal " data are defined to harmful influence transportation safety state items Testing index,
With "abnormal" data and its corresponding deviation metric.
Step 2: data decimation and pretreatment.Data sample is extracted from initial data warehouse, carries out eliminating the number such as noise
Data preprocess, while Data Dimensionality Reduction conversion is carried out, the feature to be considered when reducing data mining and variable number.
Step 3: outlier detection.It is obtained according to outlier problem definition using the data mining algorithm of outlier detection
It peels off, point data.
Step 4: outcome evaluation.Data mining results are assessed, for be unsatisfactory for require data, return step 3,
Again the point data that peels off is detected, until assessment result is met the requirements.
(4) emulation experiment and system are realized
A, platform environment: ultra-large data and complicated data type determine that big data can not use traditional calculating
Mode and data center architecture are stored, are handled and analyzed, it must rely on the distributed treatment of cloud computing, distributed number
According to library, cloud storage and virtualization technology.It is transported for this purpose, the present invention will design and Implement the harmful influence based on cloud computing platform
Defeated risk analysis DSS, the system, as the base layer support platform of system, are used simultaneously using using cloud computing platform
The system architecture mutually separated with calculating is stored, the data processing and analysis ability of system are improved.
B, functional module: systematic functional structrue figure is as shown in Fig. 2, mainly include following four functional module.
Module one: basic data management.It is managed mainly for the data and information of the acquisition of each information source, and right
Data carry out preliminary purification and pretreatment.
Module two: data are defined data model according to system and are arranged and stored by data storage and management module.
Module three: data mining algorithm module, the realization to all data mining algorithm, and risk is carried out to data and is commented
Estimate.
Module four: subscriber interface module, according to data analysis as a result, being fed back in real time to user, to reach
The purpose of security monitoring and guarantee.
Above in conjunction with attached drawing, an exemplary description of the invention, it is clear that realization of the invention is not by aforesaid way
Limitation, as long as use the inventive concept and technical scheme of the present invention carry out various improvement, or it is not improved will be of the invention
Conception and technical scheme directly apply to other occasions, be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of harmful influence risk in transit forecasting system based on big data, it is characterised in that: including data representation module, risk
Factor statistics and analysis module, prediction module and emulation experiment and system realize module.
2. the harmful influence risk in transit forecasting system based on big data according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the data
Expression module includes data warehouse modeling and data warehouse building；
The data warehouse modeling uses the Modeling Theory based on BWW ontology, and carries out particularization extension to it, on this basis
Iing is proposed one has semantic feature, the Data Warehouse Concept model based on ontology；Wherein data warehouse modeling includes following two
A stage: a, Problem Areas modeling: user demand is divided into multiple themes, each theme can be carved with multiple dimensions
It draws, each dimension can be subdivided into plurality of classes again；B, characteristics of objects models: based on ontology theory, carrying out dimension, classification
Equal Properties of Objects and its between relationship description, solve the Heterogeneity of data；
The local data warehouse that data warehouse building solves global data warehouse using " mutual exclusion " strategy and it is supported it
Between data redundancy and overlap problem, i.e. there is a public data structure in global data warehouse, includes and defines global all
Publicly-owned data: trans-regional business diagnosis processing occurs for the harmful influence travel position data in local data's warehouse storage region
When, global data warehouse is just enabled, related data enters global data warehouse；
The data are related to meteorological data, demographic data, vehicle status data, kinds of goods medium state data and traffic information number
According to；
The meteorological data includes wind speed, wind direction, air/surface temperature, humidity, illuminance, lighting delay number, atmospheric pressure, rain
Amount, radiation value；
The demographic data, including driver information, driver's physical condition, driving task time, drive route；
The vehicle status data, including take turns temperature, wheel load, speed, longitudinal acceleration, transverse acceleration, vertical inclination angle, laterally incline
Angle, engine temperature, ABS slip rate, energy consumption data；
The kinds of goods medium state data, including harmful influence vehicle carried container type, goods weight/volume, handling flow, valve are opened
Pass, liquid level/time, harmful influence temperature, leakage rate, smokescope, harmful influence external temperature；
The traffic information data, including electronic map, remote sensing image, expressway tol lcollection data, emphasis commerial vehicle GPS number
According to, vehicle flowrate, speed.
3. the harmful influence risk in transit forecasting system based on big data according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: the data
Expressing module further includes the big data storage model based on cloud computing and the Task Scheduling Model based on big data；
The big data storage model based on cloud computing is added one layer of dynamic buffering and is shared on the basis of virutal machine memory
Layer, enables the file for being shared caching to be retained for a long time among caching；At the same time, by shared data in physical machine
The mapping address for depositing caching shared region distributes to virtual machine, and data can directly be accessed by making it through this address, be reached
To the purpose of data sharing；
It is described based on the Task Scheduling Model of big data by the cooperating between Data Storage Models, carry out distributed
Task schedule, under the premise of guaranteeing that task requests can obtain quick response, the minimum computing resource of selection network cost.
4. the harmful influence risk in transit forecasting system based on big data according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: the risk
Factor statistics and analysis module includes following risk factors statistical analysis:
Research is passed through with classical risk matrix method (RMA) for semi-quantitative assessment tool using the methods of risk assessment of sxemiquantitative
The probability distribution of different amplitudes of fluctuation and its influence to travel position occur for various uncertain factors, to every risk indicator
Carry out quantitative evaluation；The calculation formula of risk probability may be expressed as:
R=P*S ' (4-1)
Wherein, R is risk index, and P is the probability that factor occurs, and S is the Intrusion Index that factor generates；R, P, S are square
Battle array variable and the relevant information for expressing Multiple factors simultaneously.
5. the harmful influence risk in transit forecasting system based on big data according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: intend in RMA
It on the basis of original advantage, introduces clustering algorithm and it is extended, and risk index is carried out by improved clustering algorithm
Automatic classification, after obtaining the corresponding probability of happening of each factor and Intrusion Index, is calculated all kinds of according to formula (4-1)
The corresponding risk index of risk factors；Finally, clustering to risk index, dangerous source category is obtained；
The specific steps of which are as follows:
Step 1: defining the probability P of each risk factors
P={ P (i), i=1,2 ..., m } (4-2)
Wherein p (i) indicates the probability that i-th kind of risk factors F (i) occurs；Assuming that the thing that a certain factor F (i) occurs in T time
Number of packages is n (i), and the total number of events occurred in T time is n, and F (i) probability is p (i), then makes great efforts law by shellfish it is found that for appointing
Anticipate positive number ε > o, there is limn→∞| n (i)/n-p (i) | < ε }=1；
That is, frequency n (i)/n that reason F (i) occurs converges on the Probability p (i) of factor generation when n is very big；Cause
Frequency n (i)/n approximation that event occurs, can be regarded as the Probability p (i) of event generation by this；
Step 2: defining the probability index p of each factor；Setting by probability index be divided into C class (C=2,3 ... m), with C
It is different brackets by the probability clustering of each factor firing event for=5；The value needs of C are calculated according to sample data；
Step 3: defining the severity s of each risk factors firing event；S indicates the set of seriousness, s={ s (i), i=
1,2 ..., 36 }, wherein, s (i) indicate i-th of factor F (i) cause event severity；
Step 4: defining the severity index S of each risk factors；Setting by Severity Index be divided into C class (C=2,
3 ... m), by taking C=3 as an example, the seriousness of each factor is divided into 3 grades；The value of C needs to be surveyed according to sample data
It calculates；The value range of each grade is clustered using severity s of the K-means algorithm to each factor；
Step 5: calculating the risk index R of each factor according to the following formulaB(P,s)；
RB(P, s)=P*S (4-3)
Step 6: risk assessment: according to the size of the risk index numerical value of each factor, evaluating the relative risk between each factor
Level is degree of danger, it is therefore an objective to distinguish the relative risk level i.e. degree of danger between them；
Step 7: risk class identification: the risk index being calculated being clustered using k-means algorithm, obtains danger source
Structure chart.
6. the harmful influence risk in transit forecasting system based on big data according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: the risk
Factor statistics and analysis module further includes risk factors association analysis:
Step 1: obtaining data, carry out data prediction；
Step 2: Fuzzy Processing is carried out to qualitative attribute using FCM clustering algorithm；FCM is by qualitative attribute x (i=1,2 ..., t)
It is transformed to the x indicated by c Fog propertyij(i=1,2 ..., n；J=1,2 ... c) attribute set finds out every group of attribute
Cluster centre, so that the cost function of non-similarity index reaches minimum；Treated attribute value being subordinate between (0,1)
Degree indicates that the attribute value of each attribute point belongs to the degree of some grouping；
Step 3: classification processing being carried out to quantitative attributes, obtains its Boolean property matrix；Certain quantitative attributes x is selected firsti(i=
1,2 ..., t), its attribute value number n is obtained, attribute codomain is R, R={ ri, i=1,2 ..., n }, which is turned
It is changed to Boolean type data type matrix；
Step 4: setting minimum support calculates the support of each attribute value, obtains frequent item set；Assuming that data acquisition system is D, note
Record number is N, and attribute set A, X are the set of m attribute, andThen X={ vi1,vi2,...,vimSupport
For FuzzySupp (X={ vi1,vi2,...,vim})；Wherein, vimIndicate a certain value of j-th of attribute in this m attribute；From m
=1 starts, and calculates the support of each attribute value, while removing the smallest attribute value of support；
Step 5: setting Minimum support4 calculates the fuzzy credence of the property set value comprising risk information,
Confidence level are as follows:
Wherein, it is needed in Y comprising risk information；Remove the set pair that confidence level is less than min_confident simultaneously
Step 6: redundancy rule is wiped out, in the strictly all rules obtained according to step 4, if metAnd
(or), it is only necessary to retainRule；In actual treatment, if the rule of covering attribute combination XYZ
Have multiple, it is only necessary to which number of packages is minimum before retention discipline, the rear maximum principle of number of packages.
7. the harmful influence risk in transit forecasting system based on big data according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: the prediction
Combination forecasting is used in module: for the feature of the low probability height harm of harmful influence risk in transit event, in risk class
Divide with correlate analysis on the basis of, for each risk factors add weight, while fully consider regional context characteristic,
Shipping accident rate, population of exposure number, expected loss measure coefficient, by integrated approach by multiple single qualitative and quantitative forecast moulds
Type is integrated, and a harmful influence risk in transit multi-dimensional factors combination forecasting is constructed, to effectively improve precision of prediction；Its
Optimal Combination Forecasting model is defined as follows:
If { yi, (t=1,2 ..., n) indicate n actual observation sequence, { fnIndicate to be calculated with i-th kind of prediction technique
Predicted value fitting sequence ((i=1,2 ..., k；T=1,2 ..., n), { wiIndicate various prediction techniques in the power of built-up pattern
Gather (i=1,2,3..., k) again, indicates that combining these models calculatesPredicted value and sequence, therefore:
8. the harmful influence risk in transit forecasting system based on big data according to claim 7, it is characterised in that: the prediction
Prediction algorithm used in module:
On the basis of the combination forecasting, data mining algorithm of the project proposed adoption based on Outliers detection, to risk
Event carries out forecast assessment, and the basic step of algorithm is as follows:
Step 1: outlier problem definition: defining " normal " data to harmful influence transportation safety state items Testing index, and " different
Often " data and its corresponding deviation metric；
Step 2: data decimation and pretreatment: extracting data sample from initial data warehouse, and it is pre- to carry out the data such as elimination noise
Processing, while Data Dimensionality Reduction conversion is carried out, the feature to be considered when reducing data mining and variable number；
Step 3: outlier detection: according to outlier problem definition, using the data mining algorithm of outlier detection, obtain from
Group, point data；
Step 4: outcome evaluation: assessing data mining results, for be unsatisfactory for require data, return step 3, again
The point data that peels off is detected, until assessment result is met the requirements.
9. the harmful influence risk in transit forecasting system based on big data according to claim 7, it is characterised in that: the emulation
Experiment realizes that module will use cloud computing platform as the base layer support platform of system with system, while using storage and calculating phase
Isolated system architecture improves the data processing and analysis ability of system.
10. the harmful influence risk in transit forecasting system based on big data according to claim 7, it is characterised in that: described imitative
It includes following four functional module that true experiment and system, which realize that module includes:
Module one, basic data management；Its data acquired for each information source and information are managed, and to data into
Row preliminary purification and pretreatment；
Data are defined data model according to system and are arranged and stored by module two, data storage and management module；
Module three, data mining algorithm module, the realization to all data mining algorithm, and risk assessment is carried out to data；
Module four, subscriber interface module, according to data analysis as a result, being fed back in real time to user, to reach safety
Monitoring and the purpose ensured.
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