CN108998143A - A method of shaped fuel is prepared using biomass, waste plastics and paper mill sludge - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to biomass molding fuel preparation fields, and in particular to a method of shaped fuel is prepared using biomass, waste plastics and paper mill sludge.As raw material, the mixture of paper mill sludge and industrial heavy oil after addition dehydration desulfurization is sufficiently mixed uniformly later, then carries out forming acquisition shaped fuel plastic flakes, biological particles using waste plastics cleaning, drying and after softening；The weight percent of above-mentioned each component forms are as follows: waste plastics 30%-35%, biomass 40%-45%, paper mill sludge and industrial heavy oil mixture 20%-30%.The present invention is on prior art conditioned basic, overcome traditional shaped fuel absorb water in wet condition dampness, easily mould cracky the disadvantages of, there is provided that a kind of anti-water absorbing capacity is strong, carrying cost is low, is not easy to go mouldy, the preparation method for the biomass molding fuel that intensity is high, waste is taken full advantage of simultaneously, the recycling for realizing the energy avoids the pollution to environment.

Description

A method of shaped fuel is prepared using biomass, waste plastics and paper mill sludge

Technical field

The invention belongs to biomass molding fuel preparation fields, and in particular to a kind of to utilize biomass, waste plastics and papermaking The method that factory waste residue prepares shaped fuel.

Background technique

Biomass molding fuel is because of its special synthesis technology and is widely applied field and has been to be concerned by more and more people, Its investigative technique also will be important topic that Chinese future development biomass energy is faced.Currently, biomass compact forming technology It is the effective way of biomass economy, has realized industrialized utilization.

Biomass molding fuel is a kind of energy of environment-protecting clean, and advantage includes high combustion efficiency, ash content, sulfur-bearing and is contained Nitrogen quantity is lower, carrying cost is not high, is suitable for the main clean fuel as domestic and international city heat supply.But molding energy consumption is excessively high, sets Standby serious wear and shaped fuel quality it is bad be the main bottleneck for limiting biomass moulding technology scale.Reason for that master If biomass moulding raw material sources are extensive and many kinds of, conventional molding equipment usually wants the type of raw material and size It asks, raw material different using source and various shape will lead to molding, and energy consumption is excessively high, equipment attrition is serious and shaped fuel quality The problems such as bad.

In recent years, there are also document and patent report biomass straws both at home and abroad mix with fine coal or sludge by Type is processed into shaped fuel.Such as a kind of compound type sludge fuel and preparation method thereof (application number: 201010221587.0) special Weight percent is used in benefit as 20%~50% coal dust, although the addition of coal dust can be improved shaped fuel calorific value, but It is unfavorable for energy-saving and emission-reduction.There are also patents to use sludge and biomass in the work compared with desiccation after first forming under high-moisture percentage Skill, such as it is a kind of prepare formed sludge fuel method and device (application number: in 201110123139.1) by moisture content 70%~ 85% sludge is mixed with stalk, is dehydrated after adding chemical conditioning agent, and after pelletizer is granulated, natural drying obtains moisture content 35% or so shaped fuel；Sludge is used there are also some patents first to mix with biomass, then is dehydrated to lower aqueous Then rate forms the mixture into obtain shaped fuel, such as a kind of solid type fuel production method (application number: 201010119602.0) aqueous 80% or more sludge is mixed with biomass powder in, is dehydrated to moisture content 20% hereinafter, then Low pressure molding obtains shaped fuel.

Plastic refuse refers mainly to disposable plastic packing article difficult to degrade, for example disposable foam snack container, day are commonly used Polybag etc., environmental pollution is very serious, buries and is difficult to decompose in the soil, will lead to soil capacity decline, if burned It will lead to atmosphere pollution again.After waste plastic packing material enters environment, since it is difficult to degrade, cause long-term, profound Ecological environment problem.Firstly, waste plastic packing material is mixed in the soil, influences crops and absorb nutrient and moisture, will lead to agriculture Crop failure；The waste plastic packing material being mixed into house refuse is difficult to handle, landfill disposal will long-term land occupation, and The house refuse for being mixed with plastics is not suitable for compost treatment, and the waste plastics sorted out also is difficult to recycle because not can guarantee quality It utilizes.Along with the fast development and people of global economy to the growing interest of environment, will rationally be become using plastic refuse One extremely important project.

If the waste in existing resource can be made full use of, shaped fuel is prepared together with biomass, then can become discarded Object is effective new energy, had not only eliminated harm, but also can bring economic and social benefit, and cost of material is low, and can reach money Source recycles.

Summary of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of sides that shaped fuel is prepared using biomass, waste plastics and paper mill sludge Method.

The technical solution adopted by the invention is as follows:

A method of shaped fuel being prepared using biomass, waste plastics and paper mill sludge, is cleaned with waste plastics, is dry and soft Plastic flakes, biological particles after change are raw material, the mixing of paper mill sludge and industrial heavy oil after dehydration desulfurization is added Object is sufficiently mixed uniformly later, is then carried out molding and is obtained shaped fuel；The weight percent of above-mentioned each component forms are as follows: useless modeling Expect 30%-35%, biomass 40%-45%, paper mill sludge and industrial heavy oil mixture 20%-30%.

Waste plastics after cleaning is dried with 120 DEG C -150 DEG C of gas, being preferably dropped to moisture content is 25%- 35%, it is crushed to plastic flakes partial size later no more than 7mm, softens 15-25min at 230-260 DEG C.

Before mixing, the moisture content of biological particles is preferably controlled in not higher than 15%.

The partial size of biological particles is not more than 5mm.

In paper mill sludge and industrial heavy oil mixture: the mass ratio of treated paper mill sludge and industry heavy oil is 4:1。

When being sufficiently mixed, mixing temperature is preferably controlled in 120-150 DEG C.

The moisture content of mixture is preferably controlled in 12%-18% before forming after mixing.

The moisture content of shaped fuel is preferably controlled to 7-12%.

Specifically, the method for preparing shaped fuel using biomass, waste plastics and paper mill sludge, step is such as Under:

1) first waste plastics is cleaned with water, removes impurity, after standing a period of time, with 120 DEG C -150 DEG C of high temperature circulation The dry moisture content of being down to of gas is 25%-35%, is then crushed to plastic flakes partial size no more than 7mm, it is soft to be transported to high temperature after crushing Change furnace, the temperature of hot mastication furnace controls between 230-260 DEG C, and the softening time is 15-25 min, spare after softening；

3) paper mill sludge addition lime stone is dehydrated, sulphur removal, treated waste residue and industrial heavy oil press the mass ratio of 4:1 Example mixing is sufficiently stirred, and is modulated rear spare；

4) by step 1), step 2), step 3), treated that raw material is sufficiently stirred in mixing arrangement according to the ratio, and stirring is mixed The even time is 10-20min, and temperature is between 120-150 DEG C in mixing arrangement, and the last moisture control of mixture is in 12%- 18%；

5) it is placed after the material extruding molding after step 4) being sufficiently stirred cooling up to shaped fuel.

Cleaning can carry out in cleaning screen in step 1), and sand mud, metal impurities mainly in removing waste plastics are stood A period of time after moisture largely leaches, is dried.Temperature control in hot mastication furnace, which is based primarily upon in waste plastics, to gather Vinyl plastics softening critical point temperature is different and carries out, and it is spare that plastic raw materials storehouse is delivered to after softening；

In step 2, because biomass material is hygroscopic and the impurity of institute's band itself is not enough to influence its combustibility, so saving The step of washing with water；Respectively by coarse crushing and it is finely divided after, it is spare to be transported to biomass material storehouse；

In step 3), 0.1-0.15kg lime stone is added in every kilogram of paper mill sludge；Treated waste residue and industrial heavy oil tune Heavy oil and raw slag material storehouse are transported to after making.

In step 4), to guarantee that the plastics after softening are unlikely to fast shaping, cause plastic flakes that cannot preferably adhere to On other raw materials, so needing reasonable control for the temperature of mixing arrangement；In addition, the control of temperature also will affect mixing The moisture content of mixture afterwards, and the control of moisture content be also for the moisture content of last shaped fuel it is influential, influence whether The strength character of shaped fuel.

In step 5), mixed raw material can be delivered to ring moulds granule-forming machine using lifter, be put after extrusion forming Set cooling.The moisture content of last shaped fuel is preferably controlled to 7-12%.Shaped fuel after cooling can pass through the second lifter It send to sifter and is allocated, part shaped granule fuel is delivered to biomass boiler burning, to meet the heat of own system Demand, other shaped granule fuel are packaged, are transported by outer shipping unit.

The method that the present invention prepares shaped fuel using biomass, waste plastics and paper mill sludge is to utilize biomass fuel The flammable performance of material and waste plastic, with agricultural crop straw, plastics and binder, heated, mixing, extrusion forming are made Shaped fuel.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:

First, traditional shaped fuel needs to improve the intensity of shaped fuel by increasing compressive strength, because if compression is strong Not enough, dry biomass straw is easy for absorbing the moisture content in air degree, leads to shaped fuel volume expansion to make solid Shaped fuel strength reduction generates rupture, is easy to crush in transportation and handling procedure.But increase the way of compressive strength at present Meeting is not easily decomposed so that fuel density is very big during burning, the case where difficult igniting, imperfect combustion is occurred, is used sometimes Even shaped fuel is broken into pieces and is added in boiler in family.For this problem, present invention employs plastic flakes (can be used useless Plastics preparation, to turn waste into wealth) as one of primary raw material, it heats and softens, makes when biomass is mixed with plastics It obtains plastic flakes and is preferably attached to stalk superficial layer, so that shaped fuel stability is relatively reliable, on the one hand solve molding Fuel does not need that internal structure is so dense to be bonded well, the reason is that can be generated after vinyon heating is cooling amplitude compared with Big blockage effect comparatively ideal can be coated on biomass straw during contraction；On the other hand burned After shaped fuel reaches the softening point temperatures of plastics in journey, fuel fast softening is decomposed, and unstable failure is to reach quick, abundant Burning；Third, the present invention go back while solving the problems, such as plastic garbage processing, realize energy recoverable.It is surveyed by experiment It is fixed, it can reach the softening point temperature of plastics and other binders in the present invention at 105 DEG C or so, the intensity of shaped fuel significantly drops Low, product axial compression strength is reduced to 20MPa or less.Shaped fuel structure is easier to unstable failure, forms during burning Fuel fines constantly from main body separate, thus in the case that burning boiler oxygen-supply speed quickly sufficiently can quickly burn, especially It is can to reach burning peak dot in a short time, especially suitable for middle and small scale combustion furnace.

Second, the industrial heavy oil used in raw material is also mostly trade waste, from a wealth of sources.It has viscous in the present invention Agent function is tied, molecular weight is big, viscosity is high, meanwhile, using the not affine moisture sub-feature of industrial heavy oil molecules hydrophobic group, overcome Traditional shaped fuel absorb water in wet condition dampness, easily mould cracky the disadvantages of.As selected specific gravity to exist during the preparation process The industrial heavy oil of 0.82-0.95 not only makes the surface of shaped fuel can produce waterproofness so that shaped fuel is better Bonding, and can provide higher calorific value in unit volume.But since industrial heavy oil is other than main hydrocarbon The also Sulfur and micro inorganic compound of (about 0.1-4%) containing part, therefore be first added before being thrown to mixing arrangement Lime stone carries out dehydration desulphurization denitration processing to it, at the same calcium ion in the trade wastes such as waste sludge from paper mill selected and barium from Son can also remove the sulfur in heavy oil to a certain extent.The present invention can also sufficiently recycle cellulose in paper mill sludge and have The remaining calorific value of machine compound, while excessively high briquetting pressure is not needed in production process, therefore form compared to other biological matter Fuel is lighter.

Third, the present invention pass through the study found that the moisture content of shaped fuel has the strength character of last shaped fuel Very important influence.Biomass components can select wheat stalk, corn stover, peanut shell respectively, be 50mm using internal diameter Compression mould 50mm (diameter) × 100mm(height is made) shaped fuel sample, briquetting pressure is set as 25KN.Just Normal room temperature is 20 DEG C, and biomass components select the shaped fuel moisture content of wheat stalk in the case where 10%, shaped fuel product Axial compression strength can reach 76Mpa；Even if being adjusted to other biological matter component, the moisture control of shaped fuel is in 7%-12% Compression strength is also between 60-80Mpa when between range.For this purpose, the method for the present invention is in raw material drying and mixing process The measurement and optimization of moisture content have all been carried out to the raw material of different phase.Certainly, which not necessarily must side according to the invention Method and parameter carry out, as long as the moisture control of last shaped fuel will reach corresponding purpose in 7-12%.But according to the present invention Process moisture control then can be controlled more easily to the moisture content of end product in reasonable range.Specifically, can High-temperature flue gas uninterrupted is adjusted by control valve to control own system distinct device required temperature, to realize moisture content Control.

4th, present invention process shaped fuel carrying cost is low, be not easy to go mouldy, intensity is high, while taking full advantage of discarded Object realizes the recycling of the energy, avoids the pollution to environment.

Figure of description

Relational graph of the Fig. 1 between shaped fuel moisture content and shaped fuel axial compression strength；

Fig. 2 is after traditional fuel and 1 shaped fuel of the embodiment of the present invention impregnate in water, soaking time and shaped fuel quality Relational graph.

Specific embodiment

Below the technical scheme of the invention is illustrated by a specific example, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto:

Embodiment 1

A method of shaped fuel being prepared using wheat stalk, waste plastics and paper mill sludge, steps are as follows:

1) first plastics are cleaned with cleaning screen with tap water, removes sand mud, the metal impurities of the inside, stands a period of time With 130 DEG C of high temperature circulation gas that plastic raw materials are dry after moisture largely leaches, being down to moisture content is 25%, utilizes strand Dragon is sent to first disintegrator and is crushed, then smashed plastic flakes partial size≤7mm is transported to hot mastication furnace (temperature At 260 DEG C, the softening time is 20 min for control), plastic raw materials storehouse is delivered to after softening；

2) wheat stalk is directly put into the second pulverizer and carries out coarse crushing, biomass partial size≤20mm, Zhi Hou after coarse crushing High-temperature flue gas in curing range using 230 DEG C, which is baked to the moisture content of biomass material, is down to 15%, utilizes strand later Dragon is sent to third pulverizer progress fine powder and is broken to biomass partial size≤5mm, is then transported to biomass material storehouse；

3) paper mill sludge is delivered in pre-mixing apparatus, lime stone is dehydrated, sulphur removal (is added in 1kg waste residue for addition 0.15kg lime stone), treated, and waste residue is mixed with industrial heavy oil by the mass ratio of 4:1, is carried out in pre-mixing apparatus abundant It is stirred, heavy oil and raw slag material storehouse is transported to after modulating；

4) by step 1), step 2), step 3), treated that raw material is thrown in mixing arrangement, feeds intake mass percent for example Under: waste plastics 30%, biomass 45%, heavy oil and waste residue mixture 25%.It is sufficiently stirred, is stirred and evenly mixed using blender Time is 15 min, and temperature is at 130 DEG C in mixing arrangement；

5) raw material of step 4) is delivered to ring moulds granule-forming machine using lifter, cooling is placed after extrusion forming, after cooling Shaped fuel is sent to sifter by the second lifter and is allocated, and part shaped granule fuel is delivered to biomass boiler and burns It burns, to meet the heat demand of own system, other shaped granule fuel are packaged, are transported by outer shipping unit.

Through Industrial Analysis, shaped fuel moisture content is 11.26%, and fixed carbon and volatilization mass fraction are 76.51%, grey sub-prime Measuring score is 12.23%, low heat valve 17.96MJ/kg, density 0.957g/cm³。

Embodiment 2

The present embodiment uses preparation system same as Example 1, and biomass components are corn in the preparation method of the present embodiment Stalk, specifically includes the following steps:

1) first plastics are cleaned with cleaning screen with tap water, removes sand mud, the metal impurities of the inside, stands a period of time With 130 DEG C of high temperature circulation gas that plastic raw materials are dry after moisture largely leaches, being down to moisture content is 25%, utilizes strand Dragon is sent to first disintegrator and is crushed, then smashed plastic flakes partial size≤7mm is transported to hot mastication furnace (temperature At 260 DEG C, the softening time is 20 min for control), plastic raw materials storehouse is delivered to after softening；

2) corn stover is directly put into the second pulverizer and carries out coarse crushing, biomass partial size≤15mm, Zhi Hou after coarse crushing High-temperature flue gas in curing range using 230 DEG C, which is baked to the moisture content of biomass material, is down to 12%, utilizes strand later Dragon is sent to third pulverizer progress fine powder and is broken to biomass partial size≤5mm, is then transported to biomass material storehouse；

3) paper mill sludge is delivered in pre-mixing apparatus, lime stone is dehydrated, sulphur removal (is added in 1kg waste residue for addition 0.12kg lime stone), treated, and waste residue is mixed with industrial heavy oil by the mass ratio of 4:1, is carried out in pre-mixing apparatus abundant It is stirred, heavy oil and raw slag material storehouse is transported to after modulating；

4) by step 1), step 2), step 3), treated that raw material is thrown in mixing arrangement, feeds intake mass percent for example Under: waste plastics 35%, biomass 40%, heavy oil and waste residue mixture 25%.It is sufficiently stirred, is stirred and evenly mixed using blender Time is 15 min, and temperature is at 130 DEG C in mixing arrangement；

5) this step is same as Example 1.Most afterwards through Industrial Analysis, shaped fuel moisture content is 10.36%, fixed carbon and volatilization Mass fraction is 77.83%, and ash content mass fraction is 11.81%, low heat valve 16.84MJ/kg, density 0.836g/ cm³。

Strength test

Biomass components select wheat stalk, corn stover, peanut shell respectively, and other methods are the same as embodiment 1.Last forming step Using internal diameter be 50mm compression mould 50mm (diameter) × 100mm(height is made) shaped fuel sample, briquetting pressure It is set as 25KN, the axial compression strength that uniaxial compression experiment measures product is then carried out on almighty test machine.Fig. 1 is Under different temperatures, curve graph that shaped fuel axial compression strength changes with material water ratio.Table 1 be then different temperatures and Under the conditions of shaped fuel moisture content, using the data of the shaped fuel fall strength of briquette of different biomass components.Fall strength of briquette be by Shaped fuel is placed on 2 meters of eminences, and the intact degree of test specimen is tested after falling, is expressed as a percentage.

Table 1

Immersion test

It is all the traditional fuel of 3kg (using the biomass block of Xi Yu biomass energy development corporation, Ltd. of Henan Province by quality Fuel) and 1 shaped fuel of the embodiment of the present invention be immersed in the water, as a result as shown in Figure 2.It can be seen that being passed after immersion 30min System shaped fuel water absorption rate reaches 26.7%, and diameter increment rate is 1.7%；Shaped fuel water absorption rate of the present invention only has 8.4%, diameter Increment rate is 0.8%.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of method for preparing shaped fuel using biomass, waste plastics and paper mill sludge, which is characterized in that with waste plastics Cleaning, dry and after softening plastic flakes, biological particles are raw material, paper mill sludge and work after dehydration desulfurization is added The mixture of industry heavy oil is sufficiently mixed uniformly later, is then carried out molding and is obtained shaped fuel；The weight percent of above-mentioned each component Composition are as follows: waste plastics 30%-35%, biomass 40%-45%, paper mill sludge and industrial heavy oil mixture 20%-30%.

2. the method for preparing shaped fuel using biomass, waste plastics and paper mill sludge as described in claim 1, feature It is, in paper mill sludge and industrial heavy oil mixture: the mass ratio of treated paper mill sludge and industrial heavy oil is 4: 1。

3. the method for preparing shaped fuel using biomass, waste plastics and paper mill sludge as described in claim 1, feature It is, when being sufficiently mixed, mixing temperature is 120~150 DEG C.

4. the method for preparing shaped fuel using biomass, waste plastics and paper mill sludge as described in claim 1, feature It is, the moisture control of shaped fuel is 7-12%.

5. the method for preparing shaped fuel using biomass, waste plastics and paper mill sludge as claimed in claim 4, feature It is, the moisture control of mixture is 12%~18% before forming after mixing.

6. the method for preparing shaped fuel using biomass, waste plastics and paper mill sludge as claimed in claim 5, feature It is, before mixing, the moisture content of biological particles is not higher than 15%.

7. the method for preparing shaped fuel using biomass, waste plastics and paper mill sludge as described in claim 1, feature It is, the partial size of biological particles is not more than 5mm.

8. the method for preparing shaped fuel using biomass, waste plastics and paper mill sludge as described in claim 1, feature It is, the waste plastics after cleaning is dried with 120 DEG C~150 DEG C of gas, being down to moisture content is 25%~35%, later Plastic flakes partial size is crushed to no more than 7mm, softens 15~25min at 230~260 DEG C.

9. the method a method as claimed in any one of claims 1-8 for preparing shaped fuel using biomass, waste plastics and paper mill sludge, It is characterized in that, steps are as follows:

1) first waste plastics is cleaned with water, removes impurity, after standing a period of time, followed with 120 DEG C~150 DEG C of high temperature Ring gas is dry, and being down to moisture content is 25%~35%, is then crushed to plastic flakes partial size no more than 7mm, is transported to height after crushing The temperature of warm softening furnace, hot mastication furnace controls between 230~260 DEG C, and the softening time is 15~25min, spare after softening；

2) biomass material is directly subjected to coarse crushing, until biomass partial size is not more than 20mm, uses 220 DEG C~300 DEG C later High-temperature flue gas baked and be down to the moisture content of biomass material not higher than 15%, then fine powder is broken to biomass partial size not It is spare greater than 5mm；

3) paper mill sludge addition lime stone is dehydrated, sulphur removal, treated waste residue and industrial heavy oil press the mass ratio of 4:1 Example mixing is sufficiently stirred, and is modulated rear spare；

4) by step 1), step 2), step 3), treated that raw material is sufficiently stirred in mixing arrangement according to the ratio, and stirring is mixed The even time is 10~20min, and temperature is between 120~150 DEG C in mixing arrangement, and the last moisture control of mixture is 12% ~18%；

5) it is placed after the material extruding molding after step 4) being sufficiently stirred cooling up to shaped fuel.

10. the method for preparing shaped fuel using biomass, waste plastics and paper mill sludge as claimed in claim 9, special Sign is, in step 3), 0.1-0.15kg lime stone is added in every kilogram of paper mill sludge.