CN108997911B - Aerogel fireproof heat-insulating coating and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Aerogel fireproof heat-insulating coating and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an aerogel fireproof heat-insulating coating and a preparation method thereof. Meanwhile, nano ceramic powder is added into the coating, the nano ceramic powder in the coating is ceramized after being heated, an expanded ceramic film is formed on the surface of the base material, an air layer is arranged between the film and the base material, the flame is isolated from contacting the surface of a vehicle metal material product, and heat is prevented from being transferred to the metal surface by virtue of the low thermal conductivity coefficient characteristic of aerogel in the coating. The synergistic effect of fire prevention and heat insulation can ensure that metal parts in a vehicle can perform good barrier effect on heat and flame no matter in normal use or in the case of extreme fire accidents, and the fire prevention performance of the coating is enhanced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of vehicle fireproof heat insulation, and particularly relates to an aerogel fireproof heat insulation coating and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the continuous progress of scientific technology, the development of railway and highway construction in China is increasingly strong, the requirements of people on material life are increasingly improved, high-speed and comfortable modern air-conditioning passenger/trains become the development direction and mainstream of the highway/railway passenger train, and the safety and comfort of the environment in the train become important indexes pursued by the design of the passenger train.
In the vehicle structure, metal parts such as skins, roofs, keels and the like are made of non-combustible materials, but because the metal materials have very high heat conductivity coefficients, the metal parts can form a heat bridge in winter, and heat dissipation in the vehicle is accelerated; in summer, the external heat is continuously transferred to the interior of the vehicle, and neither of the two conditions does not increase the energy consumption of the vehicle air conditioner. Moreover, when a vehicle is in a fire, the temperature of the metal materials rises more than 700 ℃ at a millisecond speed. Through continuous research, the aerogel fireproof heat-insulation coating sprayed on the surface of the vehicle metal material is one of convenient, fast and economic ways for effectively solving the two problems.
At present, most of the protection on the metal materials of the vehicle in the market only has a fireproof function, the heat insulation performance is neglected, and the problem of energy dissipation caused by an in-vehicle heat bridge cannot be solved in the normal operation process of the vehicle.
In the prior patent, "an aerogel water-based intumescent fire retardant coating and a preparation method thereof" only adopts an intumescent flame retardant, has poor intumescent effect and poor heat insulation effect, and can not protect a base material for a long time. The invention adopts a synergistic intumescent flame retardant system, has larger expansion ratio in flame and better fire resistance.
The invention discloses an aerogel water-based heat-insulating fireproof coating and a preparation method thereof. According to the invention, the hydrophobic aerogel with an extremely stable structure is selected, and then the surface of the hydrophobic aerogel is subjected to hydrophilic modification, so that the structure of the hydrophobic aerogel in the coating is relatively stable, and the coating has excellent performance and long quality guarantee period.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides an aerogel fireproof heat-insulating coating and a preparation method thereof.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an aerogel fireproof heat-insulation coating is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25-55 parts of resin emulsion, 10-30 parts of aerogel powder, 0.5-5 parts of stabilizer, 0.5-5 parts of dispersant, 0.5-5 parts of film-forming assistant, 5-10 parts of foaming agent, 10-20 parts of filler, 0.5-5 parts of thickener, 0.5-5 parts of flame retardant, 0.5-5 parts of preservative, 0.5-5 parts of flatting agent, 0.5-5 parts of pigment, 0.5-5 parts of organic silicon defoamer and 10-46 parts of deionized water.
The aerogel fireproof heat-insulation coating also comprises a modifier, wherein the modifier comprises one or more of a silane coupling agent, a titanate coupling agent and polyacrylic acid; the mass of the modifier is 0.1-10% of that of the aerogel powder.
The resin emulsion comprises one or more of aqueous acrylate emulsion, aqueous polyurethane emulsion and aqueous epoxy resin emulsion.
The aerogel powder is SiO2Aerogel powder, TiO2Aerogel powder, Al2O3One or more of aerogel, LiO aerogel, graphite alkene aerogel, the granularity of aerogel powder is at 80 meshes ~900 meshes.
The stabilizer is one or more of an ultraviolet absorbent and a hindered amine light stabilizer; the ultraviolet absorbent comprises 2-hydroxybenzophenone, benzotriazole and hydroxytriaryl triazine; the hindered amine light stabilizer comprises piperidine derivatives, imidazolidinone derivatives and azacycloalkanone derivatives; the dispersing agent is one or more of 5040 dispersing agent, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether and sodium hexametaphosphate.
The filler is one or more of nano alumina ceramic powder, silicon oxide ceramic powder and zirconia ceramic powder.
The film-forming assistant is one or more of ethylene glycol, glycerol and pentaerythritol;
the foaming agent is one or more of melamine, ammonium polyphosphate, ammonium phosphate salt, ammonium borate and amino resin;
the thickening agent is one or more of hydroxyethyl cellulose, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and lithium bentonite;
the flame retardant is one or more of tributyl phosphate, ammonium polyphosphate, aluminum hydroxide and expanded graphite;
the preservative is one or more of potassium sorbate, sodium citrate and sodium benzoate;
the leveling agent is one or more of an organic silicon series leveling agent, an acrylate leveling agent and a fluorine modified leveling agent;
the pigment is one or more of titanium dioxide, zinc oxide and lithopone.
The preparation method of the aerogel fireproof heat-insulation coating comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing modified aerogel slurry:
a. carrying out surface hydrophilic modification on the aerogel powder by heating or adding a modifier which accounts for 0.1-10% of the mass of the aerogel powder, and modifying the surface of the aerogel powder into hydrophilic without damaging a three-dimensional network structure of the aerogel powder to obtain the surface hydrophilic modified aerogel powder;
b. placing the surface hydrophilic modified aerogel powder dispersing agent prepared in the step (1) into a stirring kettle, adding deionized water, dispersing at a stirring speed of 2000-5000 r/min for 1h, and uniformly mixing to prepare modified aerogel slurry;
(2) preparing aerogel fireproof heat-insulating coating;
a: weighing a stabilizer and a resin emulsion, placing the stabilizer and the resin emulsion in a stirring kettle, and stirring for 30min under the condition that the stirring speed is 2000-5000 r/min to obtain emulsion slurry;
b: mixing the emulsion slurry with the modified aerogel slurry prepared in the step (1), dispersing at the stirring speed of 5000-8000 rpm, sequentially adding a film forming aid, a flame retardant, a foaming agent, a filler, a pigment, a thickening agent, a preservative, a defoaming agent and a leveling agent in the dispersing process, and slowly adding in the adding process to prevent the phenomena of liquid splashing, powder caking, floating powder and the like; the stirring speed is increased to 8000-;
c: and after the slurry is uniformly dispersed, transferring the slurry into a grinding machine for grinding and dispersing at the rotating speed of 2000 plus 5000 r/min for 2-3 h, and obtaining the aerogel fireproof heat-insulating coating with uniform mixing and fine and smooth surface after grinding.
When the modified aerogel slurry is prepared in the step (1), the heating temperature for carrying out hydrophilic modification on the aerogel powder in a heating mode is 200-500 ℃, and the heating time is 30min-2 h.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the coating disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the fire prevention and heat insulation contents are taken into consideration, the vehicle is protected in an all-round way, and the aerogel material is added into the formula, so that the heat insulation performance of the coating is greatly improved. When the vehicle normally runs, the whole vehicle is subjected to heat insulation protection, and good heat insulation and sealing measures can protect air conditioner in the vehicle so as to exert the functions of reducing energy consumption, reducing heat loss, improving comfort of passengers and improving running economy. The added nano ceramic powder greatly improves the fire resistance of the coating. When a fire disaster occurs, the heat diffusion can be delayed, the flame can be prevented from continuously burning, and the time for passengers to escape is prolonged.
The invention discloses a preparation method of an aerogel fireproof heat-insulation coating, which is formed by compounding aerogel powder, resin emulsion, other coating additives and fillers. The aerogel isA nano-porous material with a three-dimensional network structure has a controllable structure. The density of the aerogel is 3-500 mg/cm3The porous silicon carbide is the lightest solid material in the world at present, the porosity is 80-99.8%, the pore diameter is 2-50 nm, and the specific surface area is as high as 1000m2(ii) in terms of/g. Due to the unique nano-porous structure of the aerogel, the thermal conductivity coefficient of the aerogel is extremely low, and the thermal conductivity coefficient can reach 0.017W/(m.K) at the lowest under normal temperature.
The heat transfer is divided into 3 ways of heat conduction, heat convection and heat radiation. The aerogel can effectively isolate heat transfer aiming at the synergistic effect of the three heat transfer modes, and has excellent heat insulation performance.
1. In the aspect of heat conduction, heat is transferred along the aerogel framework, and due to the fact that a large number of nano pores exist in the aerogel structure, channels for heat transfer are increased to a great extent, energy is continuously consumed in the process of transferring the heat along nearly infinite channels, and heat conductivity is low. Meanwhile, due to the existence of the expanded ceramic film layer, the formed air layer further obstructs the heat transfer.
2. In the aspect of thermal convection, the internal pores of the aerogel are 2-50 nm and smaller than the average free path of gas molecule movement of 70nm, so that the gas molecules in the aerogel can not form convection, and the heat conducted by the thermal convection is very small.
3. In terms of heat radiation, due to the presence of a large number of pores in the aerogel structure, these pore walls act as "infinite sunscreens" reducing to a large extent the heat transfer of the heat radiation, the heat transfer by which is also quite low. And the aerogel is an inorganic material, so that the aerogel has the functions of non-combustion and flame retardance.
The novel coating is prepared by utilizing the characteristics of the aerogel, the nano ceramic powder is added into the coating, the nano ceramic powder in the coating is ceramized after being heated, an expanded ceramic film is formed on the surface of a base material, an air layer is arranged between the film and the base material, the flame is isolated from contacting the surface of a vehicle metal material product, and the heat is prevented from being transferred to the metal surface by means of the low heat conductivity coefficient characteristic of the aerogel in the coating. Compared with the expanded carbon layer of the traditional coating, the expanded ceramic film of the coating has high strength and long continuous protection action time in flame, can ensure that the heat transfer of metal parts in a vehicle is reduced during normal use, and has good barrier action on the flame during extreme fire accidents, thereby further enhancing the fire resistance of the coating.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a cold side temperature curve of different coating thicknesses of the aerogel fireproof and heat-insulating coating prepared in example 4 at an ambient temperature of 25 ℃ and a hot side temperature of 80 ℃.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples. It is to be understood that the following examples are illustrative only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, which is to be given numerous insubstantial modifications and adaptations by those skilled in the art based on the teachings set forth above.
Example 1
An aerogel fireproof heat-insulation coating is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: the coating comprises 20 parts of aqueous polyurethane emulsion, 15 parts of aqueous epoxy resin emulsion, 25 parts of graphene aerogel, 2-hydroxybenzophenone derivatives, 2 parts of piperidine derivatives, 3 parts of sodium hexametaphosphate, 3 parts of ethylene glycol, 4 parts of ammonium borate, 5 parts of amino resin, 18 parts of zirconia ceramic powder, 4 parts of hydroxyethyl cellulose, 2.5 parts of tributyl phosphate, 2 parts of sodium benzoate, 4 parts of organic silicon leveling agent, 2 parts of titanium dioxide, 2.5 parts of organic silicon defoamer and 30 parts of deionized water.
The preparation method of the aerogel fireproof and heat-insulating coating comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing modified aerogel slurry:
a. heating the aerogel powder for 30min-2h at the heating temperature of 200-500 ℃ for surface hydrophilic modification, and modifying the surface of the aerogel powder into hydrophilic without damaging the three-dimensional network structure of the aerogel powder to obtain the surface hydrophilic modified aerogel powder;
b. placing the surface hydrophilic modified aerogel powder prepared in the step (1) and a dispersing agent into a stirring kettle, adding deionized water, and dispersing (1 h) and uniformly mixing at a stirring rotating speed of 2000-5000 r/min to prepare modified aerogel slurry;
(2) preparing aerogel fireproof heat-insulating coating;
a: weighing a stabilizer and a resin emulsion, placing the stabilizer and the resin emulsion in a stirring kettle, and stirring for 30min under the condition that the stirring speed is 2000-5000 r/min to obtain emulsion slurry;
b: mixing the emulsion slurry with the modified aerogel slurry prepared in the step (1), dispersing at the stirring speed of 5000-8000 rpm, sequentially adding a film forming aid, a flame retardant, a foaming agent, a filler, a pigment, a thickening agent, a preservative, a defoaming agent and a leveling agent in the dispersing process, and slowly adding in the adding process to prevent the phenomena of liquid splashing, powder caking, floating powder and the like; the stirring speed is increased to 8000-;
c: and after the slurry is uniformly dispersed, transferring the slurry into a grinding machine for grinding and dispersing at the rotating speed of 2000 plus 5000 r/min for 2-3 h, and obtaining the aerogel fireproof heat-insulating coating with uniform mixing and fine and smooth surface after grinding.
Example 2
An aerogel fireproof heat-insulation coating is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: the coating comprises the following components of 40 parts of aqueous polyurethane emulsion, 24 parts of LiO aerogel, 3 parts of 2-hydroxybenzophenone, 2 parts of fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, 2 parts of glycerol, 2 parts of pentaerythritol, 7 parts of ammonium phosphate, 12 parts of silicon oxide ceramic powder, 2 parts of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, 0.5 part of aluminum hydroxide, 0.5 part of expanded graphite, 1.5 parts of sodium benzoate, 0.5 part of acrylate leveling agent, 0.5 part of fluorine modified leveling agent, 2 parts of titanium dioxide, 2 parts of zinc oxide, 3 parts of organic silicon defoamer and 20 parts of deionized water.
The preparation method of the aerogel fireproof and heat-insulating coating comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing modified aerogel slurry:
a. heating the aerogel powder for 30min-2h at the heating temperature of 200-500 ℃ for surface hydrophilic modification, and modifying the surface of the aerogel powder into hydrophilic without damaging the three-dimensional network structure of the aerogel powder to obtain the surface hydrophilic modified aerogel powder;
the other embodiments are the same as example 1.
Example 3
An aerogel fireproof heat-insulation coating is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: aqueous epoxy resin emulsion 45, TiO215 parts of aerogel powder, 1 part of imidazolidinone derivative, 1.5 parts of fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, 2 parts of ethylene glycol, 6 parts of ammonium borate, 14 parts of zirconia ceramic powder, 1.5 parts of lithium bentonite, 3 parts of expanded graphite, 3.5 parts of sodium citrate, 3 parts of acrylate leveling agent, 1.5 parts of zinc oxide, 1 part of organic silicon defoamer and 40 parts of deionized water.
The preparation method of the aerogel fireproof and heat-insulating coating comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing modified aerogel slurry:
a. heating the aerogel powder for 30min-2h at the heating temperature of 200-500 ℃ for surface hydrophilic modification, and modifying the surface of the aerogel powder into hydrophilic without damaging the three-dimensional network structure of the aerogel powder to obtain the surface hydrophilic modified aerogel powder;
the other embodiments are the same as example 1.
Example 4
An aerogel fireproof heat-insulation coating is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: aqueous acrylate emulsion 30, SiO220 parts of aerogel powder, 2 parts of 2-hydroxybenzophenone, 3 parts of 5040 dispersing agent, 2.5 parts of ethylene glycol, 8 parts of melamine, 15 parts of nano-alumina ceramic powder, 3 parts of hydroxyethyl cellulose, 2 parts of tributyl phosphate, 3 parts of potassium sorbate, 2.5 parts of organic silicon series leveling agent, 3 parts of titanium dioxide, 3 parts of organic silicon defoaming agent and 25 parts of deionized water, wherein the aerogel fireproof heat-insulating coating also comprises a modifier silane coupling agent accounting for 5% of the mass of the aerogel powder.
The preparation method of the aerogel fireproof and heat-insulating coating comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing modified aerogel slurry:
a. adding a modifier which is 0.1 percent of the mass of the aerogel powder into the aerogel powder to perform surface hydrophilic modification on the aerogel powder, and modifying the surface of the aerogel powder into hydrophilic under the condition of not damaging a three-dimensional network structure of the aerogel powder to obtain the surface hydrophilic modified aerogel powder;
b. placing the hydrophilic modified aerogel powder prepared in the step (1) and a dispersing agent into a stirring kettle, adding deionized water, dispersing at a stirring speed of 2000-5000 r/min for 1h, and uniformly mixing to prepare modified aerogel slurry;
(2) preparing aerogel fireproof heat-insulating coating;
a: weighing a stabilizer and a resin emulsion, placing the stabilizer and the resin emulsion in a stirring kettle, and stirring for 30min under the condition that the stirring speed is 2000-5000 r/min to obtain emulsion slurry;
b: mixing the emulsion slurry with the modified aerogel slurry prepared in the step (1), dispersing at the stirring speed of 5000-8000 rpm, sequentially adding a film-forming aid, a flame retardant, a foaming agent, a filler, a pigment, a thickening agent, a preservative, a defoaming agent and a leveling agent every 5-10min in the dispersing process, and slowly adding in the adding process to prevent the phenomena of liquid splashing, powder caking, floating powder and the like; the stirring speed is increased to 8000-;
c: and after the slurry is uniformly dispersed, transferring the slurry into a grinding machine for grinding and dispersing at the rotating speed of 2000 plus 5000 r/min for 2-3 h, and obtaining the aerogel fireproof heat-insulating coating with uniform mixing and fine and smooth surface after grinding.
Fig. 1 is a cold surface temperature curve of different coating thicknesses of the aerogel fireproof thermal insulation coating prepared by the embodiment under the conditions that the ambient temperature is 25 ℃ and the hot surface temperature is 80 ℃. As can be seen from FIG. 1, when the hot face temperature is 80 ℃ and the coating thickness is only 0.5mm, the cold face temperature can be reduced to 68.5 ℃; when the coating reaches the thickness of 4mm, the temperature of the cold surface can be reduced to 30.3 ℃, and the reduction amplitude reaches 62%. It can be thus demonstrated that the present invention has a remarkably excellent heat insulating effect.
Example 5
An aerogel fireproof heat-insulation coating is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25 portions of waterborne polyurethane emulsion,TiO 230 parts of aerogel powder, 0.5 part of azacycloalkanone derivative, 5 parts of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, 0.5 part of glycerol, 10 parts of ammonium polyphosphate, 6 parts of silicon oxide ceramic powder, 4 parts of zirconium oxide ceramic powder, 3 parts of hydroxyethyl cellulose, 2 parts of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 0.5 part of ammonium polyphosphate, 5 parts of sodium citrate, 0.5 part of acrylate leveling agent, 5 parts of zinc oxide, 0.5 part of organic silicon defoaming agent and 46 parts of deionized water, wherein the aerogel fireproof heat-insulating coating also comprises a modifier titanate coupling agent accounting for 10% of the mass of the aerogel powder.
The preparation method of the aerogel fireproof and heat-insulating coating comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing modified aerogel slurry:
a. and adding a modifier accounting for 10% of the mass of the aerogel powder into the aerogel powder to perform surface hydrophilic modification on the aerogel powder, wherein the other implementation modes are the same as those in example 4.
Example 6
An aerogel fireproof heat-insulation coating is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: aqueous epoxy resin emulsion 55, SiO2Aerogel 5, Al2O35 parts of aerogel, 5 parts of benzotriazole, 0.5 part of fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, 5 parts of pentaerythritol, 5 parts of ammonium phosphate salt, 20 parts of zirconia ceramic powder, 0.5 part of lithium bentonite, (2.5 parts of aluminum hydroxide, 2.5 parts of expanded graphite, 0.5 part of sodium benzoate, 5 parts of flatting agent fluorine modified flatting agent, 0.5 part of lithopone, 5 parts of organic silicon defoamer and 10 parts of deionized water, wherein the aerogel fireproof heat-insulating coating also comprises 5% by mass of modifier polyacrylic acid.
The preparation method of the aerogel fireproof and heat-insulating coating comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing modified aerogel slurry:
a. and adding a modifier accounting for 5 percent of the mass of the aerogel powder into the aerogel powder to perform surface hydrophilic modification on the aerogel powder, wherein the other implementation modes are the same as those in example 4.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles and features of the present invention, together with the advantages thereof. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (7)
1. The preparation method of the aerogel fireproof heat-insulation coating is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) preparing modified aerogel slurry:
a. carrying out surface hydrophilic modification on the aerogel powder by heating or adding a modifier which accounts for 0.1-10% of the mass of the aerogel powder, and modifying the surface of the aerogel powder into hydrophilic without damaging a three-dimensional network structure of the aerogel powder to obtain the surface hydrophilic modified aerogel powder;
b. placing the surface hydrophilic modified aerogel powder prepared in the step (1) and a dispersing agent into a stirring kettle, adding deionized water, and dispersing (1 h) and uniformly mixing at a stirring rotating speed of 2000-5000 r/min to prepare modified aerogel slurry;
(2) preparing aerogel fireproof heat-insulating coating;
a: weighing a stabilizer and a resin emulsion, placing the stabilizer and the resin emulsion in a stirring kettle, and stirring for 30min under the condition that the stirring speed is 2000-5000 r/min to obtain emulsion slurry;
b: mixing the emulsion slurry with the modified aerogel slurry prepared in the step (1), dispersing at the stirring rotating speed of 5000-8000 rpm, sequentially adding a film forming auxiliary agent, a flame retardant, a foaming agent, a filler, a pigment, a thickening agent, a preservative, a defoaming agent and a leveling agent in the dispersing process, wherein the time interval for adding each component is 5-10min, the stirring rotating speed is increased to 8000-;
c: after the slurry is uniformly dispersed, transferring the slurry into a grinding machine for grinding and dispersing, grinding for 2-3 h at the rotating speed of 2000-;
the aerogel fireproof heat-insulation coating is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25-55 parts of resin emulsion, 10-30 parts of aerogel powder, 0.5-5 parts of stabilizer, 0.5-5 parts of dispersant, 0.5-5 parts of film-forming assistant, 5-10 parts of foaming agent, 10-20 parts of filler, 0.5-5 parts of thickener, 0.5-5 parts of flame retardant, 0.5-5 parts of preservative, 0.5-5 parts of flatting agent, 0.5-5 parts of pigment, 0.5-5 parts of organic silicon defoamer and 10-46 parts of deionized water;
the filler is one or more of nano alumina ceramic powder, silicon oxide ceramic powder and zirconia ceramic powder.
2. The preparation method of the aerogel fireproof and heat-insulating coating according to claim 1, characterized in that: the modifier comprises one or more of silane coupling agent, titanate coupling agent and polyacrylic acid; the mass of the modifier is 0.1-10% of that of the aerogel powder.
3. The preparation method of the aerogel fireproof and heat-insulating coating according to claim 1, characterized in that: the resin emulsion comprises one or more of aqueous acrylate emulsion, aqueous polyurethane emulsion and aqueous epoxy resin emulsion.
4. The preparation method of the aerogel fireproof and heat-insulating coating according to claim 1, characterized in that: the aerogel powder is SiO2Aerogel powder, TiO2Aerogel powder, Al2O3One or more of aerogel, LiO aerogel, graphite alkene aerogel, the granularity of aerogel powder is at 80 meshes ~900 meshes.
5. The preparation method of the aerogel fireproof and heat-insulating coating according to claim 1, characterized in that: the stabilizer is one or more of an ultraviolet absorbent and a hindered amine light stabilizer; the ultraviolet absorbent comprises 2-hydroxybenzophenone, benzotriazole and hydroxytriaryl triazine; the hindered amine light stabilizer comprises piperidine derivatives, imidazolidinone derivatives and azacycloalkanone derivatives; the dispersing agent is one or more of 5040 dispersing agent, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether and sodium hexametaphosphate.
6. The preparation method of the aerogel fireproof and heat-insulating coating according to claim 1, characterized in that: the film-forming assistant is one or more of ethylene glycol, glycerol and pentaerythritol;
the foaming agent is one or more of melamine, ammonium polyphosphate, ammonium phosphate salt, ammonium borate and amino resin;
the thickening agent is one or more of hydroxyethyl cellulose, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and lithium bentonite;
the flame retardant is one or more of tributyl phosphate, ammonium polyphosphate, aluminum hydroxide and expanded graphite;
the preservative is one or more of potassium sorbate, sodium citrate and sodium benzoate;
the leveling agent is one or more of an organic silicon series leveling agent, an acrylate leveling agent and a fluorine modified leveling agent;
the pigment is one or more of titanium dioxide, zinc oxide and lithopone.
7. The preparation method of the aerogel fireproof and heat-insulating coating according to claim 1, characterized in that: when the modified aerogel slurry is prepared in the step (1), the heating temperature for carrying out hydrophilic modification on the aerogel powder in a heating mode is 200-500 ℃, and the heating time is 30min-2 h.
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