CN1089974C - Method and apparatus for periodically producing OAM signal source in ATM network - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for periodically producing OAM signal source in ATM network Download PDFInfo
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- CN1089974C CN1089974C CN98105368A CN98105368A CN1089974C CN 1089974 C CN1089974 C CN 1089974C CN 98105368 A CN98105368 A CN 98105368A CN 98105368 A CN98105368 A CN 98105368A CN 1089974 C CN1089974 C CN 1089974C
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- signal element
- oam
- oam signal
- reference clock
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L41/00—Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
- H04L41/06—Management of faults, events, alarms or notifications
- H04L41/0654—Management of faults, events, alarms or notifications using network fault recovery
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L41/00—Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
- H04L41/08—Configuration management of networks or network elements
- H04L41/0803—Configuration setting
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Abstract
A method and an apparatus for periodically producing OAM signal source. The method for periodically producing OAM (operation, management, maintain) signal source in ATM network includes the following steps: generating each connection line and various OAM signal source generation timing areas by considering the connection line number supported in the ATM network, the OAM signal source sort and the cycle of the reference clock for generating the signal source, thereby uniformly distributing the relative OAM signal generation timing area in one second; operating the relative OAM signal generation timing area by the reference clock and gradually reducing each corresponding connection line and the generation process for corresponding OAM signal source.
Description
((hereinafter to be referred as ATM) network more particularly, relates to the method and apparatus that regularly carries out OAM ((operation, management and maintenance) operation, admimistration and maintenance) in the atm network to the present invention relates to a kind of asynchronous communication mode.
When breaking down in the atm network, be handling failure, need to give the connection line (connection) of working at that time to produce regular troubleshooting OAM signal element.The number that produces the needed all working connection line of regular OAM signal element is different with the grade of fault.When fault is serious, produce signal element (cells) can for the connection line of all working or any specific connection line.
Usually, the connecting line way that is equipped with in the user-network interface/network of atm network-node interface (UNI/NNI) is about 1024 (1K)-65 536 (64K, wherein K=2
10), this is compressible in a terminal.Therefore, in the worst case, often need to produce 650,000 OAM signal elements each second.This is according to the regulation of I.610 number suggestion of ITU-T (international telecommunication union telecommunication standardization's door).This suggestion regulation: when atm network is in malfunction, produce alarm (that is, the cycle of producing the OAM signal element for each connection line was 1 second) should for each second each connection line.
At present, atm exchange system (supporting 1024 connection lines) adopts software program to produce the OAM signal element.Along with the increase of connection line quantity, software program can increase the load of CPU greatly, thereby causes fault.Some places have been developed for the hardware chip (for example Igt WAC 186) that produces the OAM signal element.Usually, the hardware chip of generation OAM signal element has less cpu load.Yet as shown in fig. 1, this chip produces uncertain OAM signal element simultaneously by obtaining the information of 1 pulse per second (PPS) from reference clock, thereby produces CDV (variation of signal element time delay) because of inserting the problem that so many OAM signal element increases between each signal element of user simultaneously.Fig. 1 is explanation the problems referred to above because of adopting hardware chip to produce under the situation that adopts the method that produces the OAM signal element.In addition because OAM signal element (sample of signal) concentrates on certain specific period, thereby next stage the buffer memory possibility of overflowing very big, thereby the process that has hindered subscriber signal unit.
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of equipment and method that can effectively regularly produce the OAM signal element.
Another object of the present invention provides a kind of OAM signal element that can prevent and concentrates caused equipment and the method for overflowing at the CDV and the buffer of next stage original subscriber signal flow filament that produce.
A further object of the present invention reduces the equipment and the method for cpu load when providing a kind of OAM of generation signal element.
For reaching above-mentioned and other purpose, the invention provides the method for in atm network, regularly carrying out OAM, this method comprises the following steps: that time that quantity, OAM signal element type class and the reference clock of the connection line that (a) considers in the atm network to be supported produce signal element produces the timing district of each connection line and all types of OAM signal elements, thereby each second, kind produced corresponding OAM signal element by uniform distribution, and produced overall count block according to the reference clock counting; (b) make that the value of global counter is each to increase by 1 during the application reference clock, and adopt the count value of global counter, the quantity of connection line and the quantity of OAM signal element type to obtain the existing connection line information that control produces the OAM signal element; (c) adopt the quantity of OAM signal element type and the count value of global counter to read the value that the OAM signal element that is included in the existing connection line information produces the timing district; The value in the generation timing district that (d) reads is that control produces the process of the OAM signal element of respective type when giving the predetermined reference value of the OAM signal element that produces respective type; The value in the generation timing district that (e) reads is not during for its predetermined reference value, makes the value in the generation timing district that reads increase by 1, turns back to step (b), thereby carries out corresponding thereafter sequence of operations.
Consult following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and can understand the present invention and subsidiary many advantages thereof better and more comprehensively.In the accompanying drawing, same numbering is represented same or similar elements, wherein:
Fig. 1 is explanation produces the problem that is produced in the method for OAM signal element with hardware chip a schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is the block diagram that one embodiment of the invention produces the equipment of regular OAM signal element;
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of each connection line control section 30 of being implemented in the external memory storage 18 of one embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 4 is the detail drawing of the control section 30 of presentation graphs 3;
Fig. 5 A and 5B are the control flow charts of the regular OAM signal element of the generation of one embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 6 is the time control schematic diagram that illustration K and (K+1) individual connection line produce the OAM signal element;
Fig. 7 is that the OAM signal element of illustration one embodiment of the invention is not concentrated the schematic diagram when producing.
Consult accompanying drawing below and specify a most preferred embodiment of the present invention.At first, in all accompanying drawings, should be noted that same numbering is used for representing to have the similar or equivalence element of said function.In addition, to those known function and structures that theme of the present invention is thickened, will not illustrate here.
Consult Fig. 2.The equipment that the present invention regularly produces the OAM signal element comprises that signal element receiving processor 10, OAM signal element produce controller 12, signal element synchronous generator 14, storage access arbiter 16, external memory storage 18, buffer 20 and 22 and output arbiter 24.
External memory storage 18 comprises that control section 30 is for storage timing district information, to produce the OAM signal element according to connection line, as shown in Figure 3.Each is controlled section 30 and comprises that the instruction section 32 of the instruction with predetermined OAM signal element type and the OAM signal element of the OAM signal element type with each connection line produce trivial section 34 of timing.Fig. 4 is the detail drawing of the control section 30 of presentation graphs 3.
Consult Fig. 4.Instruction section 32 has three 1 districts to draft the type of the OAM signal element of phase generation for record.The type of the OAM signal element of the embodiment of the invention is AIS (alarm indication signal (alarm indication signal)), RDI (remote failure indication (remote defectindication)) and CC (continuity check (continuity check)).In addition, the timing section 34 of OAM signal element generation comprises three timing districts corresponding to OAM type (being that timing district, RDI signal element generation timing district, n position and CC signal element generation timing district, n position take place in n position ais signal unit).The OAM signal element produces the value in timing district 34 and is controlled by the OAM signal element generation controller 12 of Fig. 2.The OAM signal element produces controller 12 when producing the OAM signal element generation timing district of timing district and successively decrease with relevant OAM instruction each corresponding connection line and respective type by reference clock uniform distribution operation OAM signal element, controls the production process of the OAM signal element of corresponding connection line and respective type.
Fig. 2 again leaies through.Thereby the OAM signal element produces the OAM signal element that controller 12 press in the flow chart control external memory storage 18 of Fig. 5 A and Fig. 5 B and produces timing district generation OAM signal element.Signal element receiving processor 10 is distinguished the type of receiving signal element, and according to the signal element type of work of distinguishing.In addition, signal element receiving processor 10 output subscriber signal units.Storage access arbiter 16 allows signal element receiving processor 10 and OAM signal element generator controller 12 access external memory storages 18 at the fixed time respectively.Like this, have only a controller (signal element receiving processor 10 or OAM signal element generator controller 12) but at special time access external memory storage 18.Signal element synchronous generator 14 produces signal element synchronizing signal CELL_SYNC according to system clock SYS_CLK.Signal element synchronizing signal CELL_XYNC offers signal element receiving processor 10, OAM signal element generator controller 12 and storage access arbiter 16, and system clock SYS_CLK then offers signal element receiving processor 10 and OAM signal element generator controller 12 and signal element synchronous generator 14.As shown in Figure 2, buffer 20 buffer memorys are from the OAM signal element of OAM signal element generation controller 12, and buffer 22 buffer memorys are from the subscriber signal unit of signal element receiving processor 10.Output arbiter 24 checks buffer 20 and 22 whether to be in vacant state simultaneously, and reads the signal element (being subscriber signal unit or OAM signal element) of non-NULL configuration state from buffer.When buffer 20 and 22 was in vacant state, output arbiter 24 read the signal element that originally is not read.Not produce the frequency of subscriber signal unit so high owing to produce the frequency of OAM signal element, thereby buffer 20 is in vacant state than buffer 22 is more frequent.From its form of signal element of going out of output arbiter 24 outputs is regularly to be inserted with the OAM flashlight between each subscriber signal unit.
According to this embodiment of the present invention, external memory storage 18 comprises that independent O AM signal element produces the timing district, and promptly ais signal unit produces the timing district, the RDI signal element produces the timing district and the CC signal element produces the timing district, and this depends on the type of OAM signal element and decides.The value in the timing district that each OAM signal element takes place is regular update (promptly increasing+1) under the control of OAM signal element controller 12.Here, the reference clock that uses in the OAM signal element generation controller 12 is the signal element synchronizing signal CELL_SYNC that once produces per 1 signal element time (2.7 microsecond).Though signal element synchronizing signal CELL_SYNC is as for example reference clock, other clock also can be used as reference clock.In addition, can change the number in the OAM signal element generation timing district of each connection line in the external memory storage 18 in case of necessity.Therefore, the number in OAM signal element generation timing district can be determined according to the desired OAM signal element of user type.
In one embodiment of the invention, as I.610 ITU-U advised defined, the OAM signal element produced controller 12 and should give the alarm each second for really each connection line when detecting the atm network malfunction.In addition, the OAM signal element should not concentrated at certain special time and produce.For meeting this requirement, the OAM signal element that each second will produce should dispense to greatest extent.Distribution is undertaken by the OAM signal element generation controller 12 of Fig. 2.
If atm network has N connection line, each connection line has M OAM type, and adopts signal element synchronizing signal (2.7 microsecond) conduct with reference to clock, and then each OAM signal element produces timing district per 2.7
*N
*The M microsecond is updated (+1).Therefore, when advising as ITU-T I.610 the defined, OAM signal element generation time (1 second) past tense, the value X that each OAM signal element produces the timing district can obtain with following (1) formula:
X=1 second/(2.7 microseconds
*N
*M) (1)
Therefore, produce the timing district with modulus * when the timer meter went out the X number, went over 1 second when the OAM signal element.In other words, when the value in each OAM signal element generation timing district became ' X ' (or arbitrary particular value), the time that produces the OAM signal element became 1 second.Like this, the OAM signal element produces controller 12 and determines whether the OAM signal elements produce because of instruction takes place OAM when becoming 1 second the time that produces the OAM signal element according to the kind of each connection line instruction.
Describe the course of work that the OAM signal element produces the timing district below in detail.For example, when atm network had N connection line (N-4096) and M OAM type (M=3), became about 33.177 millisecond (=2.7 the update time that each OAM signal element of specific connection line produces the timing district
*4096
*3 microseconds).Therefore, because the OAM signal element produces value X=1 second/33.177 millisecond=30.141 in timing district, thereby the OAM signal element produces the timing district and should design in mould 30 counters.For this reason, the OAM signal element produces controller 12 control ais signals units and produces timing districts, RDI signal element and produce the timing district and produce the timing district as the CC signal element of mould 30 counters.
Fig. 5 A and Fig. 5 B are the control flow charts that one embodiment of the invention produces regular OAM signal element.Consult Fig. 5 A, when step 100 initialization, the OAM signal element produces controller 12 and changes step 102 over to, has ais signal unit and produces the clocking value that timing district AIST clocking value, RDI signal element produce the clocking value of the clocking value of timing district RDIT and CC signal element generation timing district CCT thereby the count value of initialization global counter GT and OAM signal element produce timing district OAMT.Global counter is included in the OAM signal element and produces in the controller 12, and counts according to the signal element synchronizing signal CELL_SYNC as the reference clock.Global counter is a modulo counter, and its count value GT is higher than X
*N
*M (=1 second), its whole count value is X
*N
*The multiple of M.Ais signal unit produces timing district, RDI signal element and produces timing district and CC signal element and produce OAM signal element that the timing district is included in the control section 30 of external memory storage 18 and produce timing district in trivial section 34 of the timing in addition.
If signal element synchronous generator 14 produces signal element synchronizing signal CELL_SYNC in step 104, the OAM signal element produces controller 12 and just changes step 106 over to, makes the count value of global counter GT increase by 1.Then, adopt the number of OAM type of count value, connecting line way N and the setting of global counter GT to determine to produce the existing connection line CNN_ID of OAM signal element in step 108.Above-mentioned existing connection line CNN_ID can obtain with following (2) formula:
After determining that producing OAM relies on first existing connection line CNN_ID, the OAM signal element produces controller 12 and changes step 110 over to, extracts the controlled area segment value of CNN_ID connection line.Then, in step 112, the OAM signal element produces one of them OAM signal element that the formula (3) of controller 12 below utilizing select corresponding OAM signal element to produce in trivial section of the timing and produces timing district.
The remainder (3) of (timing district selective value)=[GT/M (3)]
In other words, with the connection that formula (2) selects control to produce i connection line of OAM signal element process, select the generation timing district of the signal element of the OAM at that time production process of selected i the connection line of control with formula (3).
Among Fig. 5 B, when the timing district selective value that step 112 draws was " 0 ", the OAM signal element produced controller 12 and changes step 113 over to, read the clocking value AIST that ais signal unit produces the timing district.Yet when timing district selective value was " 1 ", the OAM signal element produced controller 12 and changes step 24 over to, read the clocking value RDIT that the RDI signal element produces the timing district.On the other hand, when timing district selective value was " 2 ", the OAM signal element produced controller 12 and enters step 136, read the clocking value CCT that the CC signal element produces the timing district.
Whether the OAM signal element produces controller 12 and reads the clocking value AIST that ais signal unit produces the timing district in step 113, and be " 0 " at step 114 master gage duration AIST.Here, when ais signal unit generation meter time zone meter went out the X number, timing district value AIST became " 0 ", when this expression is generation ais signal unit.If clocking value AIST=" 0 ",, the OAM signal element produces controller 12 and just instructs at the AIS that step 116 reads in the instruction section 32 that is included in the control section 30 that extracted at that time, and whether equals 1 in step 118 verification AIS instruction.The AIS instruction is set by the user.If the AIS instruction is set at " 1 ", the OAM signal element produces controller 12 and just produces ais signal unit in step 120, and the ais signal unit that produces is exported to the buffer 20 of Fig. 2.Thereafter, the OAM signal element produces controller 12 and enters step 122, makes the clocking value AIST in the ais signal unit generation timing district of corresponding connection line increase by 1, turns back to above-mentioned steps 104 then.
To 134, the OAM signal element produces controller 12 and has veritified when whether being generation RDI signal element in step 124, and instruction produces the RDI signal element according to RDI simultaneously, and makes the RDI signal element produce the value RDI increase by 1 in timing district.Because above-mentioned operations and top step 113 class of operation to 122 seemingly, thereby no longer detailed description here.Equally, to 146, whether the OAM signal element produces controller 12 verifications is when producing the CC signal element, produces the CC signal element according to the CC command information simultaneously in step 136, and makes the CC signal element produce clocking value CCT increasing by 1.The class of operation of above-mentioned operations and above-mentioned steps 124 to 134 seemingly thereby no longer describes in detail here.
As consult Fig. 5 A and Fig. 5 B described, all types of OAM signal elements produce once each second, thereby can distribute the process that produces the OAM signal element.
Fig. 6 is the time control to K and (K+1) individual connection line generation OAM signal element.In the step 108 of Fig. 5 A, promptly through type (2) obtains K and (K+1) individual connection line.In the step 112 of Fig. 5 B, promptly through type (3) is set the OAM signal element generation time (ais signal unit time of origin, RDI signal element generation time and CC signal element generation time) of corresponding connection line, as shown in Figure 6.Have only corresponding OAM instruction in the generation time of each OAM signal element of each connection line (AIS instruction, RDI instruction and CC instruct) when being set at " 1 ", just to produce the OAM signal element.
Fig. 7 is to the control of regular generation OAM signal element but not the concentrated area produces the schematic diagram of OAM signal element by one embodiment of the invention.Produce the OAM signal element that regularly produces with the OAM signal element of Fig. 6 and concentrate on the specific period shown in Figure 7, and uniform distribution, thereby an OAM signal element produced per 1 second.Because the OAM signal element that produces is inserted between each original subscriber's signal flow filament, thereby has avoided the serious CDV of original subscriber's signal flow filament.In addition, also avoided next stage buffer overflow.
In the above embodiment of the present invention, self-evident although adopt reference clock as signal element synchronizing signal CELL-SYNC, also can adopt other clock.Other clock is equivalent to the cycle and is the clock with the period demand of system clock frequency division, or is equivalent to the system clock of chip.But be applicable to that reference clock of the present invention should be able to satisfy the condition of following formula (4).
(cycle of reference clock)≤(1 second/N
*M) (4) wherein N be the connecting line way of being supported in the atm network, M is the number of types of OAM signal element.
In sum as can be known, the present invention is owing to regularly produce the OAM signal element effectively thereby can avoid the serious CDV of original subscriber's signal flow filament, and produces the OAM signal element and avoid buffer to overflow by concentrating.In addition, the present invention produces the load that the OAM signal element can alleviate CPU with hardware.
Therefore, it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to be envisioned for the disclosed most preferred embodiment of the present invention of implementation optimal mode of the present invention here, or rather, the present invention is not limited to some specific embodiments described in this specification, but the exception described in the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. a method of regularly carrying out OAM in atm network is characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
(a) consider the connecting line way of being supported in the described atm network, the cycle of the reference clock of the kind of OAM signal element type and generation signal element produces each connection line and all types of OAM signal elements produces the timing district, thereby produce corresponding described OAM signal element generation timing district per 1 second by uniform distribution, and produce the counting of global counter according to described reference clock;
(b) use the each increase by 1 of count value of described reference clock described overall gauge in season, and obtain the existing connection line information of the generation of the described OAM signal element of control with the count value of described global counter, described each connecting line way and described OAM signal element number of types.
(c) the described value of described OAM signal element number of types of employing and described global counter reads and is included in the generation of OAM signal element described in described current connection line information timing district value;
(d) when the described generation timing district value that reads be the generation of the described OAM signal element of control respective type when producing the described OAM signal element predetermined reference value of respective type; With
(e) when the described generation timing district value that reads be not during for its predetermined described fiducial value, make described generation timing district value increase by 1 of reading, turn back to described step (b) then, thereby carry out next step corresponding sequence of operations.
2. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, each connection line and all types of described OAM signal elements produce mould 1 counter of timing district for representing by following formula:
X (the OAM signal element produces timing district value)=1 second/(reference clock cycle
*N
*M) wherein N is the connecting line way of being supported in the described atm network:
M is an OAM signal element number of types.
3. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, the current connection line information CNN-ID that controls described OAM signal element production process use is obtained by following formula:
GT is the count value of global counter;
N is the connecting line way of being supported in the described atm network;
M is an OAM signal element number of types.
4. method as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that, the value that is included in described OAM signal element timing districts all types of in the described current connection line information is selected by following formula:
(being included in all types of OAM signal element timing district value in the described current link information)
The remainder of=[GT/M (3)] wherein, GT is the count value of global counter;
M is an OAM signal element number of types.
5. as each described method of claim 1 to 3, it is characterized in that the cycle of described reference clock is satisfied the condition of following formula:
(reference clock cycle)≤(1 second/N
*M) wherein N is the connecting line way of supporting in the described atm network;
M is an OAM signal element number of types.
6. method as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that, adopts the signal element synchronizing signal as described reference clock.
7. equipment that regularly carries out OAM in atm network is characterized in that it comprises:
A reference clock generator is in order to produce the regular production process of the described OAM signal element of control;
A memory, in order to consider the connecting line way of being supported in the described atm network, OAM signal element type and set each connection line of generation for the cycle of the reference clock that produces signal element and all types of OAM signal elements produces the timing district, thus corresponding described OAM signal element generation timing district and each connection line and all types of OAM instructions produced each second by uniform distribution; With
OAM signal element produces controller, in order to produce the timing district and to instruct the production process of controlling the described OAM signal element of corresponding connection line and respective type when successively decreasing the OAM signal element generation timing district of each corresponding connection line and respective type with described relevant OAM operating described OAM signal element by described reference clock uniform distribution.
8. equipment as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that, the described OAM signal element of each corresponding connection line and type produces the mould x counter of timing district for representing by following formula:
X (OAM signal element generation timing district value)=1 second/(described reference clock cycle
*N
*M) wherein N is the connecting line way of being supported in the described atm network;
M is an OAM signal element number of types.
9. equipment as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that, described reference clock cycle satisfies the condition of following formula:
(described reference clock cycle)≤(1 second/N
*M) wherein, N is the connecting line way of being supported in the described atm network,
M is an OAM signal element number of types.
10. equipment as claimed in claim 9 is characterized in that, the signal element synchronous generator is as the signal source of described reference clock.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR1019970005898A KR100216374B1 (en) | 1997-02-26 | 1997-02-26 | Apparatus and method of operation administration and maintenance in atm system |
| KR5898/97 | 1997-02-26 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1194523A CN1194523A (en) | 1998-09-30 |
| CN1089974C true CN1089974C (en) | 2002-08-28 |
Family
ID=19497987
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN98105368A Expired - Fee Related CN1089974C (en) | 1997-02-26 | 1998-02-26 | Method and apparatus for periodically producing OAM signal source in ATM network |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| KR (1) | KR100216374B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1089974C (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101043437B (en) * | 2006-03-21 | 2010-07-07 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Method and apparatus for transmitting quickly operation, management and maintenance cell |
| CN101478421B (en) * | 2008-12-05 | 2011-04-20 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | OAM packet timing processing system and method |
| CN104468228B (en) * | 2014-12-19 | 2017-12-26 | 成都朗锐芯科技发展有限公司 | A kind of OAM message sends system |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0829873A (en) * | 1994-07-20 | 1996-02-02 | Sony Corp | Parallel light source |
| JPH08237254A (en) * | 1995-02-24 | 1996-09-13 | Nec Corp | Oam cell inserting device |
-
1997
- 1997-02-26 KR KR1019970005898A patent/KR100216374B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1998
- 1998-02-26 CN CN98105368A patent/CN1089974C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0829873A (en) * | 1994-07-20 | 1996-02-02 | Sony Corp | Parallel light source |
| JPH08237254A (en) * | 1995-02-24 | 1996-09-13 | Nec Corp | Oam cell inserting device |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR100216374B1 (en) | 1999-08-16 |
| KR19980069038A (en) | 1998-10-26 |
| CN1194523A (en) | 1998-09-30 |
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