CN108988965B - Novel array antenna on-orbit correction system and method - Google Patents

Novel array antenna on-orbit correction system and method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108988965B
CN108988965B CN201810957468.8A CN201810957468A CN108988965B CN 108988965 B CN108988965 B CN 108988965B CN 201810957468 A CN201810957468 A CN 201810957468A CN 108988965 B CN108988965 B CN 108988965B
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channel
correction
radio frequency
coupler
paths
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CN108988965A (en
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崔蕾
杨慧杰
刘宁宁
孙垂强
李彪
林浩佳
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Xian Institute of Space Radio Technology
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Xian Institute of Space Radio Technology
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B17/00Monitoring; Testing
    • H04B17/10Monitoring; Testing of transmitters
    • H04B17/11Monitoring; Testing of transmitters for calibration
    • H04B17/12Monitoring; Testing of transmitters for calibration of transmit antennas, e.g. of the amplitude or phase
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B17/00Monitoring; Testing
    • H04B17/20Monitoring; Testing of receivers
    • H04B17/21Monitoring; Testing of receivers for calibration; for correcting measurements

Abstract

The utility model provides a novel array antenna is at orbit correction system and method, including the antenna array face, the radio frequency passageway, down converter group, the DBF treater, the up converter, external transmitting antenna, the antenna array face includes N radiating element, the radio frequency passageway includes N way channels that the structure is the same, arbitrary passageway includes the wave filter, low noise amplifier, the passageway of the same way of radio frequency passageway of arbitrary radiating element connection of antenna array face, the central channel integrated coupler of radio frequency passageway, load, the radiating element that the central channel is connected marks as central radiating element, down converter group includes N way down converter, every way down converter all connects the passageway in the radio frequency passageway of the same way, the DBF treater includes digital processor, the DA converter, N way AD converter, every way AD converter all connects down converter of the same way.

Description

Novel array antenna on-orbit correction system and method
Technical Field
The invention relates to a novel on-orbit correction system for an array antenna, in particular to a correction system which combines internal correction and external crossing correction by adopting an array unit coupling mode, and belongs to the technical field of antennas.
Background
Amplitude and phase errors in the elements of an active array antenna can be caused by various reasons (such as degraded or damaged components, etc.), which can seriously affect the performance of the antenna lobe. Compared with the common ground calibration, the satellite-borne phased-array antenna has some special requirements, and due to the limitation of satellite load, too many calibration devices cannot be installed on the satellite, so that the calibration method is required to be as simple as possible.
Currently, active array antenna calibration methods can be mainly divided into two major categories, i.e., inner calibration and outer cross calibration.
The internal correction technology is mature, the performance is stable, but the performance difference of each radiation unit is not considered, a correction network is generally required to be added, a large number of directional couplers, matrix switches and driving circuits thereof are arranged, the product design complexity is increased, and the equipment quantity is large.
The external correction method is many and mainly comprises the following steps: near field scanning techniques, matrix inversion, UTE, CCE, REV, commutation, cross-coupling calibration, midfield calibration, etc. Some of the methods need to add extra hardware, increase the complexity of product design, and some of the methods need complicated algorithm analysis and have low universality.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the defects of the prior art are overcome, a novel array antenna on-track correction system is provided, a method of combining internal correction and external correction in an array unit coupling mode is adopted, and the problems that the existing correction algorithm is complex, the structure of the correction system is complex, the universality is not strong and the like are solved.
The technical solution of the invention is as follows: the utility model provides a novel array antenna is at orbit correction system, includes antenna array face, radio frequency channel, down converter group, DBF treater, up-converter, external transmitting antenna, wherein:
the antenna array surface comprises N radiation units, the radio frequency channel comprises N channels with the same structure, any channel comprises a filter and a low noise amplifier, any radiation unit of the antenna array surface is connected with one channel of the radio frequency channel, a central channel of the radio frequency channel integrates a coupler and a load, the radiation unit connected with the central channel is marked as a central radiation unit, the down converter group comprises N down converters, each down converter is connected with one channel of the radio frequency channel, the DBF processor comprises a digital processor, a DA converter and N AD converters, and each AD converter is connected with one channel of the down converter;
the external transmitting antenna performs channel amplitude and phase wireless balancing on N paths of AD converters in a radio frequency channel, a down converter group and a DBF (digital-to-analog converter) processor, an antenna array surface receives a single-carrier signal transmitted by the external transmitting antenna, the single-carrier signal is transmitted to the N paths of AD converters in the DBF processor through the radio frequency channel and the down converter group, analog-to-digital conversion is performed on the single-carrier signal, the single-carrier signal is transmitted to the digital processor, the digital processor acquires N paths of amplitude and phase data, normalization processing is performed on the N paths of amplitude and phase data, and the N paths of amplitude and phase are obtained and used as initial values to perform channel compensation on the radio frequency; the digital processor generates intermediate frequency correction signals, the intermediate frequency correction signals are sent to the upper frequency converter for up-conversion after passing through the DA converter, then sent to the coupler integrated with the central channel, part of the correction signals after passing through the coupler enter the low noise amplifier, the correction signals after passing through the lower frequency converter group are sent to the DBF processor, the other part of the correction signals in the coupler enter the filter corresponding to the central channel after being coupled through the port, then enter other radiation units through the central radiation unit, and are sent to the DBF processor after being filtered and amplified, and the DBF processor acquires N paths of amplitude phases as a correction correlation table.
The coupler is a 20dB coupler.
The digital processor comprises a middle correction processing module and a computer, wherein:
the correction processing module acquires N paths of amplitude-phase data obtained by single carrier signals and transmits the N paths of amplitude-phase data to the computer, and the computer performs normalization processing on the N paths of amplitude-phase data to obtain N paths of amplitude phases serving as initial values to perform channel compensation on a radio frequency channel, a down converter group and an N paths of AD converters; the correction signal generation module generates an intermediate frequency correction signal, the intermediate frequency correction signal is sent to the upper frequency converter for up-conversion after passing through the DA converter.
The part of the correction signal entering the low noise amplifier after passing through the coupler is-50 dB, and the other part of the correction signal entering the central channel corresponding to the filter after being coupled through the port in the coupler is-20 dB.
A novel on-orbit correction method for an array antenna comprises the following steps:
(1) carrying out channel amplitude-phase wireless balancing on N paths of AD converters in a radio frequency channel, a down converter group and a DBF processor by using an external transmitting antenna;
(2) receiving a single carrier signal sent by an external transmitting antenna by using an antenna array face, controlling the single carrier signal to be sent to an N-path AD converter in a DBF processor through a radio frequency channel and a down converter group, carrying out analog-to-digital conversion, and sending to a digital processor;
(3) enabling N paths of amplitude-phase data acquired by a correction processing module in the digital processor to be transmitted to a computer in the digital processor, carrying out normalization processing on the N paths of amplitude-phase data by the computer to obtain N paths of amplitude phases serving as initial values, and transmitting the N paths of amplitude phases to a radio frequency channel, a down converter group and an N paths of AD converters for channel compensation;
(4) a correction signal generation module in a control digital processor generates an intermediate frequency correction signal, sends the intermediate frequency correction signal to a DA converter for DA conversion, then sends the intermediate frequency correction signal to an upper frequency converter for up-conversion, then sends the intermediate frequency correction signal to a coupler integrated with a central channel of an incident frequency channel, a part of correction signal after passing through the coupler enters a low noise amplifier, and sends the partial correction signal to a DBF processor after passing through a radio frequency channel and a lower frequency converter group, and the other part of correction signal after passing through the coupler enters a corresponding filter of the central channel after being coupled by a port, enters other radiation units through a central radiation unit, and is sent to the DBF processor after being filtered and amplified, and the DBF processor takes the acquired N paths of amplitude phases as a correction association;
(5) and (3) when components corresponding to the radio frequency channel, the down converter group and the DBF processor are damaged, channel amplitude-phase characteristic changes exist, and the step (4) is repeated, so that the DBF processor obtains a correction association table B, and the B-A is used as a channel compensation value of the radio frequency channel 2, the down converter group 3 and the N-path AD converter, and the novel on-track correction of the array antenna is completed.
The coupler is a 20dB coupler.
The part of the correction signal entering the low noise amplifier after passing through the coupler is-50 dB, and the other part of the correction signal entering the central channel corresponding to the filter after being coupled through the port in the coupler is-20 dB.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention realizes the transmission of the correction signal by reasonably integrating the single-path coupler in the central channel of the radio frequency channel, and has the advantages of simple structure and less hardware resource requirement compared with the traditional internal correction system;
(2) the invention adopts the space coupling mode of the array surface central radiation unit to realize that other array surface units receive the correction signal, and compared with the traditional correction system, the invention omits a special correction beacon, simplifies the structure of the correction system and saves the on-satellite resources;
(3) the invention combines the internal correction method and the external correction method, has simple correction implementation steps, has simple correction processing, does not need complex algorithm, has short correction time and has wide popularization and application value compared with the traditional correction method.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an on-track calibration system for an array antenna according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention overcomes the defects of the prior art and provides a novel array antenna on-track correction system, which adopts an array unit coupling mode to combine internal correction and external correction to solve the problems of complex correction algorithm, complex correction system structure and poor universality. The invention relates to a novel array antenna on-orbit correction system, which comprises an antenna array surface, a radio frequency channel, a down converter group, a DBF (Digital Beam-Forming) processor, an up converter and an external transmitting antenna, wherein the antenna array surface is connected with the radio frequency channel; the central channel in the radio frequency channel is integrated with a coupler, a correction signal of a DBF processor is sent into the central channel coupler after up-conversion, about-0.04 dB signal is absorbed by a load, about-50 dB signal enters a low noise amplifier of the central channel after being coupled by a port and then is sent into a back end DBF processor for correction, about-20 dB signal in the coupler enters a central channel filter after being coupled by the port and is radiated by a central unit, enters other units of a front surface through unit proximity coupling, and is sent into the DBF processor for correction after passing through the radio frequency channel, and the invention is explained and explained in more detail by combining with the attached drawings.
The novel array antenna on-track correction system is shown in figure 1 and comprises an antenna array surface 1 consisting of N radiating units, a radio frequency channel 2, a down converter group 3, a DBF processor 4, an up converter 5 and an external transmitting antenna 6; the radio frequency channel 2 comprises N channels with the same structure, any channel consists of a filter and a Low Noise Amplifier (LNA), one radiation unit of the antenna array surface 1 is connected with one channel of the radio frequency channel 2, a coupler and a load are integrated with a central channel of the radio frequency channel 2, the radiation unit connected with the central channel is marked as a central radiation unit, the down converter group 3 comprises N down converters (the down converters need local oscillator input L0 and power supply DC to realize the functions), each down converter is connected with one channel of the radio frequency channel 2, the DBF processor 4 comprises a digital processor, a DA converter and N AD converters, and each AD converter is connected with one channel of the down converters; the work flow of the correction system comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: and an external transmitting antenna 6 is used for carrying out channel amplitude and phase wireless balancing on the N paths of AD converters in the radio frequency channel 2, the down converter group 3 and the DBF processor 4. The antenna array surface 1 is used for receiving a single carrier signal sent by an external transmitting antenna 6, the single carrier signal is sent to an N-path AD converter in a DBF processor 4 through a radio frequency channel 2, a down converter group 3 and then is subjected to analog-to-digital conversion and then is sent to a digital processor, a correction processing module in the digital processor downloads N-path amplitude-phase data collected to a computer, the computer is controlled to perform normalization processing on the N-path amplitude-phase data, and the N-path amplitude-phase data after processing is used as an initial value and sent to the radio frequency channel 2, the down converter group 3 and the N-path AD converter for channel compensation.
The second step is that: and collecting a correction association table. A correction signal generation module in the digital processor generates a path of intermediate frequency correction signal (the correction signal is in the form of BPSK modulated PN code) and then sends the intermediate frequency correction signal to a DA converter for DA conversion, and then sent to an up-converter 5 for up-conversion and then sent to a 20dB coupler integrated with the central channel of the incident frequency channel 2, the correction signal after-0.04 dB up-conversion is absorbed by the load, about-50 dB signal enters the low noise amplifier after passing through the 20dB coupler, and then enters the DBF processor 4 after passing through the radio frequency channel 2 and the down converter group 3, about-20 dB signal in the coupler enters the filter corresponding to the central channel after being coupled by the port and is radiated out by the central radiation unit, then the N paths of amplitude and phase signals enter other radiation units through the adjacent coupling of the central radiation unit, are filtered and amplified and then are sent to the DBF processor 4, and the DBF processor 4 stores the collected N paths of amplitude and phase signals as a correction association table A.
The third step: and realizing on-track correction. In the on-track operation, if the components corresponding to the radio frequency channel 2, the down converter group 3 and the DBF processor 4 are damaged and performance is degraded, channel amplitude-phase characteristic changes exist, the step two is repeated, so that the DBF processor obtains N paths of amplitude-phase data B, and B-a is a channel compensation value of the radio frequency channel 2, the down converter group 3 and the N paths of AD converters.
The novel array antenna on-orbit correction system provided by the invention has simple structure hardware, does not need to increase the product complexity, does not need a complex algorithm, only needs 1 path of coupling signals, can meet the requirement of full array amplitude phase information acquisition, and can quickly finish the correction of the active array antenna. The correction system introduced by the invention has the characteristics of simple system and test, less hardware resource requirement, short correction time and high stability, can be applied to ground and satellite fault diagnosis and amplitude-phase correction, and has strong market competitiveness and wide application prospect.
The invention is not described in detail and is within the knowledge of a person skilled in the art.

Claims (7)

1. The utility model provides a novel array antenna is at orbit correction system which characterized in that includes antenna array face, radio frequency channel, down converter group, DBF treater, up-converter, external transmitting antenna, wherein:
the antenna array surface comprises N radiation units, the radio frequency channel comprises N channels with the same structure, any channel comprises a filter and a low noise amplifier, any radiation unit of the antenna array surface is connected with one channel of the radio frequency channel, a central channel of the radio frequency channel integrates a coupler and a load, the radiation unit connected with the central channel is marked as a central radiation unit, the down converter group comprises N down converters, each down converter is connected with one channel of the radio frequency channel, the DBF processor comprises a digital processor, a DA converter and N AD converters, and each AD converter is connected with one channel of the down converter;
the external transmitting antenna performs channel amplitude and phase wireless balancing on N paths of AD converters in a radio frequency channel, a down converter group and a DBF (digital-to-analog converter) processor, an antenna array surface receives a single-carrier signal transmitted by the external transmitting antenna, the single-carrier signal is transmitted to the N paths of AD converters in the DBF processor through the radio frequency channel and the down converter group, analog-to-digital conversion is performed on the single-carrier signal, the single-carrier signal is transmitted to the digital processor, the digital processor acquires N paths of amplitude and phase data, normalization processing is performed on the N paths of amplitude and phase data, and the N paths of amplitude and phase are obtained and used as initial values to perform channel compensation on the radio frequency; the digital processor generates an intermediate frequency correction signal, the intermediate frequency correction signal is sent to the upper frequency converter for up-conversion after passing through the DA converter, then is sent to the coupler integrated with the central channel, part of the correction signal enters the low noise amplifier after passing through the coupler, and is sent to the DBF processor after passing through the lower frequency converter group, the other part of the correction signal in the coupler enters the corresponding filter of the central channel after being coupled by a port, then enters other radiation units through the central radiation unit, and is sent to the DBF processor after being filtered and amplified, and the DBF processor acquires N paths of amplitude phases as a correction association table;
the correction signal of DBF processor is up-converted and sent to the coupler of central channel, the-0.04 dB signal is absorbed by load, the-50 dB signal is coupled by port and then enters the low noise amplifier of central channel, and then is sent to the DBF processor at back end for correction, the-20 dB signal in the coupler is coupled by port and then enters the filter of central channel, and is radiated by the central unit, and is coupled near by the unit and enters other units of array surface, and is sent to the DBF processor for correction after passing through radio frequency channel.
2. The novel array antenna in-orbit correction system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the coupler is a 20dB coupler.
3. A novel array antenna in-orbit correction system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the digital processor comprises a middle correction processing module and a computer, wherein:
the correction processing module acquires N paths of amplitude-phase data obtained by single carrier signals and transmits the N paths of amplitude-phase data to the computer, and the computer performs normalization processing on the N paths of amplitude-phase data to obtain N paths of amplitude phases serving as initial values to perform channel compensation on a radio frequency channel, a down converter group and an N paths of AD converters; the correction signal generation module generates an intermediate frequency correction signal, the intermediate frequency correction signal is sent to the upper frequency converter for up-conversion after passing through the DA converter.
4. The novel array antenna in-orbit correction system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the part of the correction signal entering the low noise amplifier after passing through the coupler is-50 dB, and the other part of the correction signal entering the central channel corresponding to the filter after being coupled through the port in the coupler is-20 dB.
5. A novel on-orbit correction method for an array antenna is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) carrying out channel amplitude-phase wireless balancing on N paths of AD converters in a radio frequency channel, a down converter group and a DBF processor by using an external transmitting antenna;
(2) receiving a single carrier signal sent by an external transmitting antenna by using an antenna array face, controlling the single carrier signal to be sent to an N-path AD converter in a DBF processor through a radio frequency channel and a down converter group, carrying out analog-to-digital conversion, and sending to a digital processor;
(3) enabling N paths of amplitude-phase data acquired by a correction processing module in the digital processor to be transmitted to a computer in the digital processor, carrying out normalization processing on the N paths of amplitude-phase data by the computer to obtain N paths of amplitude phases serving as initial values, and transmitting the N paths of amplitude phases to a radio frequency channel, a down converter group and an N paths of AD converters for channel compensation;
(4) a correction signal generation module in a control digital processor generates an intermediate frequency correction signal, sends the intermediate frequency correction signal to a DA converter for DA conversion, then sends the intermediate frequency correction signal to an upper frequency converter for up-conversion, then sends the intermediate frequency correction signal to a coupler integrated with a central channel of an incident frequency channel, a part of correction signal after passing through the coupler enters a low noise amplifier, and sends the partial correction signal to a DBF processor after passing through a radio frequency channel and a lower frequency converter group, and the other part of correction signal after passing through the coupler enters a corresponding filter of the central channel after being coupled by a port, enters other radiation units through a central radiation unit, and is sent to the DBF processor after being filtered and amplified, and the DBF processor takes the acquired N paths of amplitude phases as a correction association;
specifically, a correction signal of the DBF processor is sent into a coupler positioned in a central channel after being subjected to up-conversion, a-0.04 dB signal is absorbed by a load, a-50 dB signal enters a low-noise amplifier of the central channel after being coupled by a port and then is sent into a rear-end DBF processor for correction processing, a-20 dB signal in the coupler enters a central channel filter after being coupled by the port, is radiated by a central unit, enters other units of a front surface through unit proximity coupling, and is sent into the DBF processor for correction processing after passing through a radio frequency channel;
(5) and (3) when components corresponding to the radio frequency channel, the down converter group and the DBF processor are damaged, channel amplitude-phase characteristic changes exist, and the step (4) is repeated, so that the DBF processor obtains a correction association table B, and the B-A is used as a channel compensation value of the radio frequency channel 2, the down converter group 3 and the N-path AD converter, and the novel on-track correction of the array antenna is completed.
6. The novel on-track correction method of the array antenna according to claim 5, characterized in that: the coupler is a 20dB coupler.
7. The novel on-track correction method of the array antenna according to claim 5, characterized in that: the part of the correction signal entering the low noise amplifier after passing through the coupler is-50 dB, and the other part of the correction signal entering the central channel corresponding to the filter after being coupled through the port in the coupler is-20 dB.
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