CN108987898A - A kind of design method of rail transit field communication millimeter wave antenna - Google Patents
A kind of design method of rail transit field communication millimeter wave antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN108987898A CN108987898A CN201810810950.9A CN201810810950A CN108987898A CN 108987898 A CN108987898 A CN 108987898A CN 201810810950 A CN201810810950 A CN 201810810950A CN 108987898 A CN108987898 A CN 108987898A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
- H01Q1/32—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles
- H01Q1/325—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the location of the antenna on the vehicle
- H01Q1/3275—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the location of the antenna on the vehicle mounted on a horizontal surface of the vehicle, e.g. on roof, hood, trunk
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/0087—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing antenna arrays
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
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- Train Traffic Observation, Control, And Security (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to millimetre-wave attenuator technical fields, are related to a kind of design method of rail transit field communication millimeter wave antenna.Present invention combination system application conditions and Antenna Design are theoretical, and maximally utilizing system margin reduces system Construction cost, and clear thinking, operation is simple, quickly obtains the technical requirement of antenna, with can be widely used for vehicle the master-plan of millimeter wave communication antenna.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to millimetre-wave attenuator technical fields, are related to a kind of design of rail transit field communication millimeter wave antenna
Method.
Background technique
Railway wireless communication is generally divided into the private wireless communication system for railway dispatching and control and believes for passenger
Cease the system of broadband wireless communication two major classes of service.Millimeter wave is between microwave (3~30GHz) and submillimeter wave (being greater than 300GHz)
Between, it has been compatible with the Some features of microwave and light wave.The advantages of millimetre-wave attenuator is antenna narrow beam easy to accomplish, high-gain,
Anti-interference is good；Absolute bandwidth is big under identical relative bandwidth, and information capacity is big；The transmission loss of atmospheric window frequency is less than
Light wave；The electromagnetic wave transmitted in conductor is converted to the electromagnetic wave radiated in space by antenna, is important in wireless communication system
Link.
With the fast development of high-speed railway, reliable, real-time, efficient broadband wireless network is provided for bullet train passenger
Access service puts forward new requirements Information-based Railway.On the one hand, operation, security monitoring and plant maintenance of train etc. are believed
Breath needs real-time transmission to control centre, meets the needs of road network real-time dynamic information transmission；On the other hand, social informatization is high
Degree development, people need through various communication apparatus, and the moment keeps the connection with network.Currently, being usually used in vehicle-ground wireless communication
Technology substantially have: GSM-R, WLAN, TETRA (Digital Clustering), WIMAX and millimeter-wave technology etc..
GSM-R is based primarily upon second generation global system for mobile communications GSM, and traffic rate is only able to satisfy railway private radio tune
Degree and demand for control；WLAN technology is based on 802.11 standards, and using 2.4/5.8GHz frequency range, theoretical bandwidth is reached as high as
320Mbit/s has preferable effect in the mobile access of the middle low speed of 90km/s or so, but with the raising of speed, each
Item performance indicator will receive larger impact；TETRA digital clustering communication system is that European Telecommunications Standards Institute is that dispatching communication is special
The communication system of door customization, bandwidth 28.8kbit/s cannot be considered in terms of the wideband requirements of Passenger information service；WiMAX theory band
It is wide to support that maximum train speed is 250km/s up to 70Mbit/s, but the standard of its core network is still being worked out and perfect so far
In；The available frequency bandwidth of millimetre-wave attenuator, can support the traffic rate of Gbit/s, meet the new demand of high-speed railway informationization.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is under high-speed rail background, in railway wireless communication PIS System and scheduling and
The new demand of big data quantity in control system maximizes train-ground communication channel the present invention provides a kind of application millimeter-wave technology and holds
The design method for measuring lower antenna is decomposited in conjunction with the requirement of system application conditions and reduction system Construction cost with implementable
The antenna technology index of property, instructs subsequent antenna to design.
The technical scheme is that
A kind of design method of rail transit field communication millimeter wave antenna, which is characterized in that define rail transit field
Between one-way communication working method are as follows: car antenna is installed on roof of train, and two is secondary altogether, is defined as No. 1 antenna and No. 2 days
Line, every slave antenna transmitting-receiving work at the same time；Ground-plane antenna is horizontally installed on the contact net bar of Along Railway, and two is secondary altogether, definition
For No. 1 antenna and No. 2 antennas, every slave antenna transmitting-receiving is worked at the same time and identical away from ground level；When establishing communication between vehicle ground, vehicle
The forwarding for carrying signal between No. 1 antenna and No. 1 antenna completion vehicle ground of ground node n is recognized when train is far from ground node n
It is in a straight line for No. 1 antenna and vehicle-mounted No. 1 antenna of ground node n, when train enters the blind area of ground node n,
It is switched to No. 1 antenna and vehicle-mounted No. 1 antenna communication of ground node n+1, i.e., during train driving, remains unidirectional logical
Letter；Then the millimeter wave antenna design method the following steps are included:
S1, link budget is carried out according to system operating conditions, setting ground-plane antenna is identical as the gain of car antenna, obtains
The initial value of system margin, ground-plane antenna and car antenna gain；
S2, the train-ground communication condition according to setting, the design value of communication distance should be greater than practical communication distance, that is, be adjacent to
The distance between face node adds the distance of blind area；Link budget is carried out with the design value of communication distance, ground-plane antenna and vehicle-mounted
The gain of antenna using step S1 obtain as a result, obtaining the initial range of blind area distance；
S3, setting ground-plane antenna are parallel with track direction of advance with the installation direction of car antenna, according to system to covering
The requirement of range obtains gain reducible range in antenna bearingt face corresponding to the initial range of blind area distance；
S4, according to the gradient of high-speed rail route, the difference in height of ground-plane antenna and car antenna installation site when level land, in conjunction with step
It is rapid S2's as a result, the corresponding train that calculates when climb and fall enters blind area, on ground-plane antenna and car antenna pitching face axis direction
Corner dimension, obtain the initial value of ground-plane antenna and car antenna pitching surface wave beam width；
S5, according to step S4's as a result, obtain the initial value of ground-plane antenna and car antenna azimuth plane beam angle, in conjunction with
Antenna self performance and the result of step S3 compare, if index is feasible, enter step S6；If index is infeasible, antenna is adjusted
Gain repeats step S2 to S5；
S6, according to step S4 and step S5 obtain as a result, calculate the bore of width and short transverse, and it is relatively harsh
The mounting condition of car antenna compare, if meeting installation requirement, the azimuth plane beam angle and pitching surface wave beam of antenna
Width can determine；If not being inconsistent with installation requirement, the beam angle in pitching face is determined by the bore of short transverse, by antenna
Gain obtains azimuth plane beam angle, and the angle by adjusting ground-plane antenna and rail direction ensures covering within the scope of blind area
Lid；
S7, according to step S1 to the obtained antenna gain of step S6 and pattern characteristics requirement and the work of system frequency
Section, determines other technical indicators of antenna.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are, present invention combination system application conditions and Antenna Design are theoretical, maximally utilize and are
Surplus of uniting reduces system Construction cost, and clear thinking, operation is simple, quickly obtains the technical requirement of antenna, can be wide
The master-plan of general for vehicle millimeter wave communication antenna.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of one-way communication working method between vehicle ground；
Appended drawing reference: 1. track, 1,2. track, 2,3. blind area distance, the contact net bar of 4. ground node number n-1,5. ground
The contact net bar of face node serial number n, the contact net bar of 6. ground node number n, 7. ground-plane antenna, 1,8. ground-plane antenna, 2,9. vehicle
1,10. car antenna of antenna, 2,11. channel 1 (forward direction) is carried, is established between ground-plane antenna 1 and car antenna 1,12. channels 2
(backward) is established between ground-plane antenna 2 and car antenna 2；
Fig. 2 is the scheme of installation of ground-plane antenna and car antenna from overlook direction；
Appended drawing reference: the signal of 21. ground-plane antenna, 1 installation site, the signal of 22. car antenna, 1 installation site；
Fig. 3 is the scheme of installation of ground-plane antenna and car antenna from side-looking direction.
Specific embodiment
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawing.
System is under the conditions of high-speed railway runs 0 grade of weather condition grade of high influence, it is desirable that one-way communication non-blind area is such as schemed
Shown in 1.Several system indexs are as follows: adjacent net-fault bar distance 1km；Overlay area is 2 adjacent rails；Working method is
FDD full duplex；Signal modulation mode is QPSK, signal bandwidth 1000MHz；Working frequency range is 36.5~41.5GHz；Character rate
For 750Msps；Demodulation threshold energy noise ratio 8dB (open field channel condition), 10dB (Outskirts of City channel condition) and 12dB (tunnel
Road channel condition), car antenna installation space size 250mm (length) * 80 (width) * 200 (height).Joined according to this system
Number, is given below a kind of design method of rail transit field millimeter wave communication antenna.
Link budget is carried out to millimeter wave vehicle-ground wireless communication link first, to meet one-way communication in operating distance 1km
Non-blind area is target, obtains and runs high influence 0 grade of weather condition grade (rainfall≤20mm/h) in high-speed railway, obtains system
The initial value of surplus, ground-plane antenna and car antenna gain.
Into the signal power of receiver inlet are as follows:
Pr=Pt+Gt+Gr-Ls-Lrain-Lothers (1)
(the T when antenna noise temperature is equal to room temperatureA=T0), receiver sensitivity can be expressed as:
Demodulation Systems thresholding signal-to-noise ratio are as follows:
The path loss of signal transmission:
Ls(dB)=92.4 (dB)+20lg (f (GHz))+20lg (d (km)) (4)
The link margin of system are as follows:
Margin (dB)=Pr(dBm)-Si(dBm) (5)
Maximum rainfall under the conditions of high 0 grade of weather condition grade of the influence of high-speed railway operation is 20mm/h, and system is in work
Making rainfall in frequency range influences to be about 5dB/km, and system index is substituted into above-mentioned relation formula, one group of system margin and antenna are obtained
The relationship of gain, as shown in table 1:
The relationship of table 1 system margin and antenna gain
To keep one-way communication between vehicle ground can be realized, the design value of communication distance should be greater than practical communication distance, i.e.,
The distance between adjacent ground node adds the distance of blind area.On the basis of the minimum 3dB of system margin in table 1, different communication away from
From design value under compared to 1km when, the calculated result of system margin is as shown in table 2:
When under the design value of 2 different communication distance of table compared to 1km, the calculated result of system margin
After system index determines, it is only capable of from increase ground (vehicle-mounted) transmitter antenna gain (dBi) Gt, increase vehicle-mounted (ground) receive
Antenna gain GrAngle on consider；But increasing antenna gain can bring beam angle to narrow, and signal cover reduces, installation
Bigger caliber size is needed in condition, therefore antenna gain Distribution Indexes needs are meeting system margin, meeting mounting condition, day
The several aspects of line self-characteristic, which are done, to be weighed.
Spacing between adjacent two rail is 5 meters, and the spacing of contact net bar and rail center line is 2.88 meters, is covered adjacent
Two rail width at least want 8 meters, consider certain surplus, and width takes 9 meters.Ground-plane antenna and car antenna installation direction and rail
Direction is parallel, as shown in Fig. 2, the angle α between two antenna of azimuth plane should meet:
Arctan (α)=9/dbliand (6)
When train and more and more closer ground contact net bar distance, transmission loss is reduced rapidly, and can make up angle α increase, day
The loss that line gain reduces rapidly.Blind area distance, angle α and antenna gain relative maximum can decreasing value it is as shown in table 3:
3 blind area of table distance, angle α and antenna gain relative maximum can decreasing value
Train is in ascents and descents, the height of two antennas when the maximum height difference of car antenna and ground-plane antenna is level land
Difference is superimposed with both differences in height that the gradient introduces.Domestic high-speed railway 350km/h grade route is practical to be usually no more than 12 ‰, vehicle
Carry the maximum height difference of antenna and ground-plane antenna are as follows:
ΔHmax=dbliand*0.012+1.2 (7)
β is the angle of car antenna and ground-plane antenna pitching face axis, as shown in figure 3,
β=arctan (Δ Hmax/dblind) (8)
Then the requirement of antenna pitching surface wave beam width coverage area is 2 β；Blind area distance, car antenna and ground-plane antenna are most
Big height difference and antenna pitching surface wave beam width coverage area are as shown in table 4:
4 blind area of table distance, car antenna and ground-plane antenna maximum height difference and antenna pitching surface wave beam width coverage area
| Blind area distance (m) | ΔHmax(m) | 2β(°) |
| 100 | 2.4 | 2.75 |
| 90 | 2.28 | 2.9 |
| 80 | 2.16 | 3.1 |
| 70 | 2.04 | 3.34 |
| 60 | 1.92 | 3.67 |
| 50 | 1.8 | 4.12 |
| 40 | 1.68 | 4.81 |
| 30 | 1.56 | 5.96 |
By table 2 as a result, blind area distance dbliand be no more than 70 meters when, when system margin compares communication distance 1km, under
Drop is less than 1dB；In conjunction with one group of data that table 2- table 4 obtains, blind area distance is taken as 50 meters, the 3dB beam angle in antenna pitching face
It is required that being 5 °, the 3dB beam angle in antenna bearingt face can be calculated by formula (9):
D=40000/HPE*HPH (9)
HP in above formulaEBe 5 °, substitute into 1 antenna gain of table result 24dB, calculate antenna bearingt face 3dB beam angle
HPHIt is 16 °, the 3dB beam angle in half space inner orientation face is 8 °, close to result α=10.21 ° in table 3；The index has
Realizability can satisfy directional diagram using for example flat electromagnetic horn of the solution of fan-beam antenna or trumpet array antenna
Requirement.
5 ° of antenna pitching face 3dB beam angle, the bore requirement in short transverse are as follows:
HPE=65 × λ/DE (10)
The low-limit frequency of working band is 36.5GHz, corresponding wavelength 8.22mm, then the caliber size D of short transverseEExtremely
113mm is needed less, meets the mounting condition of car antenna short transverse.16 ° of antenna bearingt face 3dB beam angle, width direction
On bore requirement are as follows:
HPH=70 × λ/DH (11)
The caliber size D of width directionH36mm is at least needed, the mounting condition of car antenna width direction is met.
So far, by millimeter wave land mobile communication system operating condition, the key technical indexes of millimeter wave antenna has been decomposited, it should
Index has exploitativeness.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of design method of rail transit field communication millimeter wave antenna, which is characterized in that define rail transit field it
Between one-way communication working method are as follows: car antenna is installed on roof of train, and two is secondary altogether, is defined as No. 1 antenna and No. 2 days
Line, every slave antenna transmitting-receiving work at the same time；Ground-plane antenna is horizontally installed on the contact net bar of Along Railway, and two is secondary altogether, definition
For No. 1 antenna and No. 2 antennas, every slave antenna transmitting-receiving is worked at the same time and identical away from ground level；When establishing communication between vehicle ground, vehicle
The forwarding for carrying signal between No. 1 antenna and No. 1 antenna completion vehicle ground of ground node n is recognized when train is far from ground node n
It is in a straight line for No. 1 antenna and vehicle-mounted No. 1 antenna of ground node n, when train enters the blind area of ground node n,
It is switched to No. 1 antenna and vehicle-mounted No. 1 antenna communication of ground node n+1, i.e., during train driving, remains unidirectional logical
Letter；Then the millimeter wave antenna design method the following steps are included:
S1, link budget is carried out according to system operating conditions, setting ground-plane antenna is identical as the gain of car antenna, obtains system
The initial value of surplus, ground-plane antenna and car antenna gain；
S2, the train-ground communication condition according to setting, the design value of communication distance should be greater than practical communication distance, i.e., adjacent ground section
The distance between point adds the distance of blind area；Link budget, ground-plane antenna and car antenna are carried out with the design value of communication distance
Gain using step S1 obtain as a result, obtaining the initial range of blind area distance；
S3, setting ground-plane antenna are parallel with track direction of advance with the installation direction of car antenna, according to system to coverage area
Requirement, obtain gain reducible range in antenna bearingt face corresponding to the initial range of blind area distance；
S4, according to the gradient of high-speed rail route, the difference in height of ground-plane antenna and car antenna installation site when level land, in conjunction with step S2
As a result, the corresponding folder for calculating train when climb and fall enters blind area, on ground-plane antenna and car antenna pitching face axis direction
Angle size obtains the initial value of ground-plane antenna and car antenna pitching surface wave beam width；
S5, according to step S4's as a result, initial value of ground-plane antenna and car antenna azimuth plane beam angle is obtained, in conjunction with antenna
Self performance and the result of step S3 compare, if index is feasible, enter step S6；If index is infeasible, antenna gain is adjusted,
Repeat step S2 to S5；
S6, according to step S4 and step S5 obtain as a result, the bore of width and short transverse is calculated, with relatively harsh vehicle
The mounting condition for carrying antenna compares, if meeting installation requirement, the azimuth plane beam angle and pitching surface wave beam width of antenna
It can determine；If not being inconsistent with installation requirement, the beam angle in pitching face is determined by the bore of short transverse, by the gain of antenna
Azimuth plane beam angle is obtained, and the angle by adjusting ground-plane antenna and rail direction ensures the covering within the scope of blind area；
S7, according to step S1 to the obtained antenna gain of step S6 and pattern characteristics requirement and the working frequency range of system, really
Determine other technical indicators of antenna.
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| CN201810810950.9A CN108987898B (en) | 2018-07-23 | 2018-07-23 | Design method of rail transit vehicle-ground communication millimeter wave antenna |
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| CN201810810950.9A CN108987898B (en) | 2018-07-23 | 2018-07-23 | Design method of rail transit vehicle-ground communication millimeter wave antenna |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114125867A (en) * | 2021-11-16 | 2022-03-01 | 中通服咨询设计研究院有限公司 | Signal continuous coverage method and device for 5G target area |
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