CN108987693A - A kind of preparation method of the high performance carbon silicon composite for lithium battery - Google Patents
A kind of preparation method of the high performance carbon silicon composite for lithium battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN108987693A CN108987693A CN201810742657.3A CN201810742657A CN108987693A CN 108987693 A CN108987693 A CN 108987693A CN 201810742657 A CN201810742657 A CN 201810742657A CN 108987693 A CN108987693 A CN 108987693A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/364—Composites as mixtures
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/386—Silicon or alloys based on silicon
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
- H01M4/587—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/621—Binders
- H01M4/622—Binders being polymers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/628—Inhibitors, e.g. gassing inhibitors, corrosion inhibitors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The invention belongs to technical field of lithium batteries, more particularly to a kind of preparation method of high performance carbon silicon composite for lithium battery, include the following steps: step 1, nano-carbon material is put into dehydrated alcohol with nano silicon material and is stirred evenly, it is then placed in ball mill constant temperature ball-milling reaction 1-3h, obtains mixed alcohol liquid；Step 2, hydroxypropyl cellulose is added into mixed alcohol liquid and is stirred evenly, ultrasonic reaction 30-60min obtains dispersion suspension；Step 3, dispersion suspension is put into vacuum distillation reaction 30-70min in vacuum distillation kettle, obtains viscous fluid；Step 4, viscous fluid is added and is stirred evenly into distilled water, be put into gradient in grinding tool and solidify distillation reaction 3-6h, obtain carbon silicon composite preform；Step 5, gradient anaerobic carbonization reaction 5-7h is added into reaction kettle in carbon silicon composite preform, obtains carbon silicon composite nano materials.The present invention solves the problems, such as the easy fragmentation of carbon silicon composite particles and dusting in the prior art.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of lithium batteries, and in particular to a kind of high performance carbon silicon composite for lithium battery
Preparation method.
Background technique
Lithium ion battery is the energy storage means being concerned.In recent years, lithium ion battery has been widely used in portable
Application in electronic equipment, while on the means of transports such as such as automobile is also very concerned.
The working principle of lithium ion battery approximately as: battery charge when, anode (that is, cathode) from cathode absorb lithium from
Son, and electronics is absorbed by charging equipment from external circuit, these ions and electronics are released back into cathode in battery discharge.Matter
Amount specific capacity is an important parameter of anode material, because it determines the lithium ion quantity that battery system can retain.It is another
Important parameter is the cyclicity of anode material, that is, the anode material can absorb and release lithium ion without degenerating or not showing
The cycle-index of loss capacity is write, which directly affects the service life of battery system.
Current lithium ion battery mostly uses graphite carbon anode.Graphitic carbon has lower in the cohesive process with lithium ion
Volume change, therefore cyclicity with higher and safety.But specific discharge capacity is lower, theoretical limit is
372mAh/g graphite, this be equivalent to lithium metal theoretically the specific discharge capacity of attainable 4235mAh/g lithium about 1/10.
Alternatively, silicon has some superiority, such as the binary chemical combination of lithium and silicon as the anode of lithium-ion battery systems
Object has very high lithium content, and theoretical value is up to Li4.4Si.But when using silicon as anode, the insertion and abjection of lithium
Also it is accompanied by very big volume expansion, this volume expansion causes very strong crystal grain stress to load, and therefore causes damaging
The broken and dusting of particle in the case that power loss contacts.
Bright content
For the problems of the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of system of high performance carbon silicon composite for lithium battery
Preparation Method solves the problems, such as the easy fragmentation of carbon silicon composite particles and dusting in the prior art.
To realize the above technical purpose, the technical scheme is that
A kind of preparation method of the high performance carbon silicon composite for lithium battery, includes the following steps:
Step 1, nano-carbon material is put into dehydrated alcohol with nano silicon material and is stirred evenly, be then placed in ball mill perseverance
Warm ball-milling reaction 1-3h, obtains mixed alcohol liquid；
Step 2, hydroxypropyl cellulose is added into mixed alcohol liquid and is stirred evenly, ultrasonic reaction 30-60min is divided
Dissipate suspension；
Step 3, dispersion suspension is put into vacuum distillation reaction 30-70min in vacuum distillation kettle, obtains viscous fluid；
Step 4, viscous fluid is added and is stirred evenly into distilled water, be put into gradient in grinding tool and solidify distillation reaction 3-6h,
Obtain carbon silicon composite preform；
Step 5, gradient anaerobic carbonization reaction 5-7h is added into reaction kettle in carbon silicon composite preform, it is compound obtains carbon silicon
Nano material.
The additional amount of nano silicon material in the step 1 is the 50-60% of nano-carbon material quality, the nano carbon material
Expect that the concentration in dehydrated alcohol is 30-60g/L.
The revolving speed of stirring in the step 1 is 500-800r/min, and the temperature of the ball-milling reaction is 50-60 DEG C.
The additional amount of hydroxypropyl cellulose in the step 2 is the 5-10% of nano-carbon material quality, and the stirring is equal
Even revolving speed is 300-500r/min.
The temperature of ultrasonic reaction in the step 2 is 20-30 DEG C, supersonic frequency 30-50kHz.
The pressure of vacuum distillation reaction in the step 3 is 60-70 DEG C of atmospheric pressure, and temperature is 80-90 DEG C, described viscous
The volume of magma is to disperse the 10-15% of suspension volume.
The additional amount of distilled water is the 150-250% of viscous fluid volume in the step 4, and the gradient solidifies distillation reaction
Gradient program it is as follows:
| Temperature | Time |
| 70-80℃ | 20-30min |
| 90-100℃ | 30-40min |
| 120℃ | Remaining time |
Gradient anaerobic carbonization reaction in the step 5 uses atmosphere of inert gases, and the program of carburizing reagent is as follows
| Temperature | Time |
| 150-200℃ | 30-50min |
| 400-450℃ | 30-50min |
| 700-800℃ | 100-140min |
| 900-1000℃ | Remaining time |
Nano-carbon material and nano silicon material are blended in dehydrated alcohol by step 1, and carry out constant temperature ball milling, can be true
It protects nano-carbon material and nano silicon material is in same particle size range, while being capable of forming mixture homogeneity under the conditions of being sufficiently stirred
Good mixed precipitation.
Hydroxypropyl cellulose is added into mixed alcohol liquid step 2, can act on hydroxypropyl cellulose under ultrasonic reaction
To nano-carbon material and nano silicon material surface, good dispersion is formed, suspension is obtained.
Step 3 carries out vacuum distillation reaction for suspension is dispersed, and can remove dehydrated alcohol, forms viscous fluid, reaches
Viscosity.
Distilled water is added into viscous fluid step 4, forms ethanol water, reaches good effect of dissolving each other, put simultaneously
Enter to carry out gradient solidification evaporation reaction in mold, first ethyl alcohol removed in such a way that gradient is reacted, then removes distilled water,
Form good solidification, obtain precursor structure, precast body is used as binder using hydroxypropyl cellulose, by nano silicon material with
Nano-carbon material is fully connected.
Precast body is carried out five oxygen carburizing reagent of gradient by step 5, can be formed gradient in the way of gradient reaction and be reacted,
Remaining solvent impurity is preferentially removed, the caking property of hydroxypropyl cellulose is then lifted out, promotes adhesion firmness.
From the above, it can be seen that the present invention has following advantages:
1. the present invention solves the problems, such as the easy fragmentation of carbon silicon composite particles and dusting in the prior art.
2. the present invention, as carbon source and silicon source, is formed good Combination, had using nano-carbon material and nano silicon material
Help be promoted the understanding of the two.
3. the present invention, as binder and dispersing agent, can not only form good dispersion using hydroxypropyl cellulose,
But can be used as the binder of nano material, it is capable of forming good connection effect.
Specific embodiment
The present invention will be described in detail in conjunction with the embodiments, but does not do any restriction to claim of the invention.
Embodiment 1
A kind of preparation method of the high performance carbon silicon composite for lithium battery, includes the following steps:
Step 1, nano-carbon material is put into dehydrated alcohol with nano silicon material and is stirred evenly, be then placed in ball mill perseverance
Warm ball-milling reaction 1h, obtains mixed alcohol liquid；
Step 2, hydroxypropyl cellulose is added into mixed alcohol liquid and is stirred evenly, it is outstanding to obtain dispersion by ultrasonic reaction 30min
Turbid；
Step 3, dispersion suspension is put into vacuum distillation reaction 30min in vacuum distillation kettle, obtains viscous fluid；
Step 4, viscous fluid is added and is stirred evenly into distilled water, be put into gradient in grinding tool and solidify distillation reaction 3h, obtain
To carbon silicon composite preform；
Step 5, gradient anaerobic carbonization reaction 5h is added into reaction kettle in carbon silicon composite preform, obtains that carbon silicon is compound to be received
Rice material.
The additional amount of nano silicon material in the step 1 is the 50% of nano-carbon material quality, the nano-carbon material
Concentration in dehydrated alcohol is 30g/L.
The revolving speed of stirring in the step 1 is 500r/min, and the temperature of the ball-milling reaction is 50 DEG C.
The additional amount of hydroxypropyl cellulose in the step 2 is the 5% of nano-carbon material quality, described to stir evenly
Revolving speed is 300r/min.
The temperature of ultrasonic reaction in the step 2 is 20 DEG C, supersonic frequency 30kHz.
The pressure of vacuum distillation reaction in the step 3 is 60 DEG C of atmospheric pressure, and temperature is 80 DEG C, the viscous fluid
Volume is disperse suspension volume 10%.
The additional amount of distilled water is the 150% of viscous fluid volume in the step 4, and the gradient solidifies the ladder of distillation reaction
It is as follows to spend program:
| Temperature | Time |
| 70℃ | 20min |
| 90℃ | 30min |
| 120℃ | Remaining time |
Gradient anaerobic carbonization reaction in the step 5 uses atmosphere of inert gases, and the program of carburizing reagent is as follows
| Temperature | Time |
| 150℃ | 30min |
| 400℃ | 30min |
| 700℃ | 100min |
| 900℃ | Remaining time |
Embodiment 2
A kind of preparation method of the high performance carbon silicon composite for lithium battery, includes the following steps:
Step 1, nano-carbon material is put into dehydrated alcohol with nano silicon material and is stirred evenly, be then placed in ball mill perseverance
Warm ball-milling reaction 3h, obtains mixed alcohol liquid；
Step 2, hydroxypropyl cellulose is added into mixed alcohol liquid and is stirred evenly, it is outstanding to obtain dispersion by ultrasonic reaction 60min
Turbid；
Step 3, dispersion suspension is put into vacuum distillation reaction 70min in vacuum distillation kettle, obtains viscous fluid；
Step 4, viscous fluid is added and is stirred evenly into distilled water, be put into gradient in grinding tool and solidify distillation reaction 6h, obtain
To carbon silicon composite preform；
Step 5, gradient anaerobic carbonization reaction 7h is added into reaction kettle in carbon silicon composite preform, obtains that carbon silicon is compound to be received
Rice material.
The additional amount of nano silicon material in the step 1 is the 60% of nano-carbon material quality, the nano-carbon material
Concentration in dehydrated alcohol is 60g/L.
The revolving speed of stirring in the step 1 is 800r/min, and the temperature of the ball-milling reaction is 60 DEG C.
The additional amount of hydroxypropyl cellulose in the step 2 is the 10% of nano-carbon material quality, described to stir evenly
Revolving speed be 500r/min.
The temperature of ultrasonic reaction in the step 2 is 30 DEG C, supersonic frequency 50kHz.
The pressure of vacuum distillation reaction in the step 3 is 70 DEG C of atmospheric pressure, and temperature is 90 DEG C, the viscous fluid
Volume is disperse suspension volume 15%.
The additional amount of distilled water is the 250% of viscous fluid volume in the step 4, and the gradient solidifies the ladder of distillation reaction
It is as follows to spend program:
| Temperature | Time |
| 80℃ | 30min |
| 100℃ | 40min |
| 120℃ | Remaining time |
Gradient anaerobic carbonization reaction in the step 5 uses atmosphere of inert gases, and the program of carburizing reagent is as follows
| Temperature | Time |
| 200℃ | 50min |
| 450℃ | 50min |
| 800℃ | 140min |
| 1000℃ | Remaining time |
Embodiment 3
A kind of preparation method of the high performance carbon silicon composite for lithium battery, includes the following steps:
Step 1, nano-carbon material is put into dehydrated alcohol with nano silicon material and is stirred evenly, be then placed in ball mill perseverance
Warm ball-milling reaction 2h, obtains mixed alcohol liquid；
Step 2, hydroxypropyl cellulose is added into mixed alcohol liquid and is stirred evenly, it is outstanding to obtain dispersion by ultrasonic reaction 50min
Turbid；
Step 3, dispersion suspension is put into vacuum distillation reaction 50min in vacuum distillation kettle, obtains viscous fluid；
Step 4, viscous fluid is added and is stirred evenly into distilled water, be put into gradient in grinding tool and solidify distillation reaction 5h, obtain
To carbon silicon composite preform；
Step 5, gradient anaerobic carbonization reaction 6h is added into reaction kettle in carbon silicon composite preform, obtains that carbon silicon is compound to be received
Rice material.
The additional amount of nano silicon material in the step 1 is the 55% of nano-carbon material quality, the nano-carbon material
Concentration in dehydrated alcohol is 50g/L.
The revolving speed of stirring in the step 1 is 700r/min, and the temperature of the ball-milling reaction is 55 DEG C.
The additional amount of hydroxypropyl cellulose in the step 2 is the 8% of nano-carbon material quality, described to stir evenly
Revolving speed is 400r/min.
The temperature of ultrasonic reaction in the step 2 is 25 DEG C, supersonic frequency 40kHz.
The pressure of vacuum distillation reaction in the step 3 is 65 DEG C of atmospheric pressure, and temperature is 85 DEG C, the viscous fluid
Volume is disperse suspension volume 13%.
The additional amount of distilled water is the 210% of viscous fluid volume in the step 4, and the gradient solidifies the ladder of distillation reaction
It is as follows to spend program:
| Temperature | Time |
| 75℃ | 25min |
| 95℃ | 35min |
| 120℃ | Remaining time |
Gradient anaerobic carbonization reaction in the step 5 uses atmosphere of inert gases, and the program of carburizing reagent is as follows
| Temperature | Time |
| 180℃ | 40min |
| 430℃ | 40min |
| 750℃ | 120min |
| 950℃ | Remaining time |
Performance detection
| Embodiment 1 | Embodiment 2 | Embodiment 3 | |
| Specific surface | 257.2m2/g | 298.4m2/g | 312.6m2/g |
| Pore volume | 0.45cc/g | 0.46cc/g | 0.48cc/g |
| Discharge capacity for the first time | 2044mAh/g | 2134mAh/g | 2289mAh/g |
| Initial charge capacity | 1695mAh/g | 1623mAh/g | 1787mAh/g |
| 100 cyclical stabilities | 91% | 92% | 93% |
In conclusion the invention has the following advantages that
1. the present invention solves the problems, such as the easy fragmentation of carbon silicon composite particles and dusting in the prior art.
2. the present invention, as carbon source and silicon source, is formed good Combination, had using nano-carbon material and nano silicon material
Help be promoted the understanding of the two.
3. the present invention, as binder and dispersing agent, can not only form good dispersion using hydroxypropyl cellulose,
But can be used as the binder of nano material, it is capable of forming good connection effect.
It is understood that being merely to illustrate the present invention above with respect to specific descriptions of the invention and being not limited to this
Technical solution described in inventive embodiments.Those skilled in the art should understand that still can be carried out to the present invention
Modification or equivalent replacement, to reach identical technical effect；As long as meet use needs, all protection scope of the present invention it
It is interior.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of preparation method of the high performance carbon silicon composite for lithium battery, characterized by the following steps:
Step 1, nano-carbon material is put into dehydrated alcohol with nano silicon material and is stirred evenly, be then placed in ball mill constant temperature ball
Mill reaction 1-3h, obtains mixed alcohol liquid；
Step 2, hydroxypropyl cellulose is added into mixed alcohol liquid and is stirred evenly, it is outstanding to obtain dispersion by ultrasonic reaction 30-60min
Turbid；
Step 3, dispersion suspension is put into vacuum distillation reaction 30-70min in vacuum distillation kettle, obtains viscous fluid；
Step 4, viscous fluid is added and is stirred evenly into distilled water, be put into gradient in grinding tool and solidify distillation reaction 3-6h, obtain
Carbon silicon composite preform；
Step 5, gradient anaerobic carbonization reaction 5-7h is added into reaction kettle in carbon silicon composite preform, obtains carbon silicon composite Nano
Material.
2. a kind of preparation method of high performance carbon silicon composite for lithium battery according to claim 1, feature
Be: the additional amount of the nano silicon material in the step 1 is the 50-60% of nano-carbon material quality, the nano-carbon material
Concentration in dehydrated alcohol is 30-60g/L.
3. a kind of preparation method of high performance carbon silicon composite for lithium battery according to claim 1, feature
Be: the revolving speed of the stirring in the step 1 is 500-800r/min, and the temperature of the ball-milling reaction is 50-60 DEG C.
4. a kind of preparation method of high performance carbon silicon composite for lithium battery according to claim 1, feature
Be: the additional amount of the hydroxypropyl cellulose in the step 2 is the 5-10% of nano-carbon material quality, described to stir evenly
Revolving speed is 300-500r/min.
5. a kind of preparation method of high performance carbon silicon composite for lithium battery according to claim 1, feature
Be: the temperature of the ultrasonic reaction in the step 2 is 20-30 DEG C, supersonic frequency 30-50kHz.
6. a kind of preparation method of high performance carbon silicon composite for lithium battery according to claim 1, feature
Be: the pressure of the vacuum distillation reaction in the step 3 is 60-70 DEG C of atmospheric pressure, and temperature is 80-90 DEG C, described sticky
The volume of liquid is to disperse the 10-15% of suspension volume.
7. a kind of preparation method of high performance carbon silicon composite for lithium battery according to claim 1, feature
Be: the additional amount of distilled water is the 150-250% of viscous fluid volume in the step 4, and the gradient solidifies distillation reaction
Gradient program is as follows:
8. a kind of preparation method of high performance carbon silicon composite for lithium battery according to claim 1, feature
Be: for the gradient anaerobic carbonization reaction in the step 5 using atmosphere of inert gases, the program of carburizing reagent is as follows:
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