CN106450187A - High-performance ternary positive electrode material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-performance ternary positive electrode material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-performance ternary positive electrode material. A chemical formula of the ternary positive electrode material is LiNi<1-x-y>Co<x>Mn<y>O<2>, wherein x is smaller than or equal to 0.4 and greater than 0 and y is smaller than or equal to 0.3 and greater than 0; the ternary positive electrode material is doped with a carbon fiber; and the ratio of the carbon fiber to the ternary positive electrode material is (0.09-0.16):(1.10-2.33). The invention further provides a preparation method of the high-performance ternary positive electrode material. The conductive loss caused by gaps in the ternary material is avoided; no impurity is generated in the preparation process; the high-performance ternary positive electrode material is relatively environment-friendly; and the treatment cost of liquid waste or waste residues is reduced.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to tertiary cathode material technical field is and in particular to a kind of high-performance tertiary cathode material and its preparation
Method.
Background technology
Cobalt acid lithium, as first market-oriented anode material for lithium-ion batteries, has preparation process is simple, material structure
Stable, energy density is high, good cycle, and discharge platform is high and stably waits excellent properties to become current positive pole material the most ripe
Material, but cobalt acid lithium heat endurance is poor, there is potential safety hazard；In addition cobalt is poisonous and natural resources shortage, and market is to lithium ion battery
Demand be just gradually increased so that the price of cobalt is unprecedented soaring, these development all constraining industry and lithium ion battery
Application.Have to look for other positive electrodes to replace it for this.
Ternary material has obtained extensive research from 1999 it is considered to be most possibly replacing cobalt since reporting for the first time
One of positive electrode of sour lithium.Ternary material combines the feature of cobalt acid lithium, LiMn2O4 and lithium nickelate, have height ratio capacity,
Have a safety feature, Stability Analysis of Structures and the relatively cheap advantage of price.Existing ternary material comes into the industrialization stage, but its
History is shorter, and maturity not enough, also has science and the technical barrier of some keys.
Content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of high-performance tertiary cathode material and preparation method thereof, the present invention solves ternary
The conductance loss that gap between material is brought, does not produce impurity in manufacturing process, compares environmental protection and saves waste liquid or waste residue
Processing cost.
A kind of high-performance tertiary cathode material, the chemical formula of tertiary cathode material is LiNi1-x-yCoxMnyO2, wherein 0<x≤
0.4,0<Y≤0.3, doped with carbon fiber in described tertiary cathode material, described carbon fiber with the proportioning of tertiary cathode material is
0. 09 -0.16：1.10-2.33.
The preparation method of described high-performance tertiary cathode material is as follows：
Step 1, cobalt acetate, manganese acetate and nickel acetate are put in acetic acid solution, and add lithium acetate, just obtain after stirring mixing
Pole material precursor liquid；
Step 2, drips alkaline conditioner in precursor liquid, adjusts pH to neutrality；
Step 3, carbon dioxide is reacted by the way of cyclic aeration, obtains the suspension with precipitation；
Step 4, the filter residue after suspension is filtered is put in ethanol water, drips a small amount of hydrochloric acid, obtains ternary carbonate liquid；
Step 5, polyacrylonitrile is added after stirring in solution, you can obtain mixed liquor；
Step 6, mixed liquor is carried out water-bath vacuum distillation, obtains ternary anode material precursor
Step 7, tertiary cathode material is carried out gradient increased temperature reaction and obtains high-performance tertiary cathode material.
The pH of the positive electrode precursor liquid in described step 1 is 3-4, and mixing speed is 1000-1300r/min, during stirring
Between be 30-50min, the mole of described lithium acetate is consistent with cobalt acetate, manganese acetate and nickel acetate mole sum.
Alkaline conditioner in described step 2 adopts ammoniacal liquor, and the addition manner of described alkaline conditioner is agitation and dropping, institute
State rate of addition and drip/min for 5-9.
The gas flow rate of the cyclic aeration in described step 3 is 10-15ml/min, and the aerated reaction time is 50-100min,
The mole of described carbon dioxide is 2.3-2.8 times of lithium carbonate mole, and described carbon dioxide is carbon dioxide
Content is the nitrogen gas of 20-50%.
In ethanol water in described step 4, the content of ethanol is 70-90%, the content of described ethanol water and second
Acid solution is identical, and the pH after described hydrochloric acid adds is 6.5-7.
The mole of the polyacrylonitrile in described step 5 is the 0.5-1.4 of lithium carbonate, and described mixing speed is 500-
900r/min, mixing time is 100-150min.
The decompressed pressure of the water-bath vacuum distillation in described step 6 is the 0.1-0.2 of atmospheric pressure, and described bath temperature is
89-95 DEG C, water bath time is 2-5h.
Gradient increased temperature in described step 7 is as follows：（1）Sealing reaction 3-5h at 200-300 DEG C,（2）At 500-600 DEG C
Lower sealing reaction 1-2h,（3）0.3-0.7h. is reacted at 800-900 DEG C
The pressure of the gradient increased temperature in described step 7 is 1-1.3MPa, and the atmosphere of gradient increased temperature is nitrogen or inert gas.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that：
1st, preparation method of the present invention is simple, need not grind, thus fundamentally avoiding the structure destroying crystal.
2nd, the binding agent between the present invention is with polyacrylonitrile for ternary material gap, and through low-temperature oxidation and pyrocarbon
Change and form carbon fiber, repeatability and the uniformity of material can be greatly improved.
3rd, the present invention solves the conductance loss bringing in the gap between ternary material, does not produce miscellaneous in manufacturing process
Matter, compares environmental protection and saves the processing cost of waste liquid or waste residue.
4th, the present invention adopts ternary metal liquid to place in acetic acid solution, and the precipitation dispersion effect that aerated reaction obtains is good, mixes
Close uniformly, after secondary deposition, tertiary cathode material purity is high simultaneously, quality is good.
Specific embodiment
With reference to embodiment, the present invention is described further：
Embodiment 1
A kind of high-performance tertiary cathode material, the chemical formula of tertiary cathode material is LiNi1-x-yCoxMnyO2, wherein x=0.4, y=
0.3, doped with carbon fiber in described tertiary cathode material, described carbon fiber is 0. 09 with the proportioning of tertiary cathode material：
1.10.
The preparation method of described high-performance tertiary cathode material is as follows：
Step 1, cobalt acetate, manganese acetate and nickel acetate are put in acetic acid solution, and add lithium acetate, just obtain after stirring mixing
Pole material precursor liquid；
Step 2, drips alkaline conditioner in precursor liquid, adjusts pH to neutrality；
Step 3, carbon dioxide is reacted by the way of cyclic aeration, obtains the suspension with precipitation；
Step 4, the filter residue after suspension is filtered is put in ethanol water, drips a small amount of hydrochloric acid, obtains ternary carbonate liquid；
Step 5, polyacrylonitrile is added after stirring in solution, you can obtain mixed liquor；
Step 6, mixed liquor is carried out water-bath vacuum distillation, obtains ternary anode material precursor
Step 7, tertiary cathode material is carried out gradient increased temperature reaction and obtains high-performance tertiary cathode material.
The pH of the positive electrode precursor liquid in described step 1 is 3, and mixing speed is 1000r/min, and mixing time is
30min, the mole of described lithium acetate is consistent with cobalt acetate, manganese acetate and nickel acetate mole sum.
Alkaline conditioner in described step 2 adopts ammoniacal liquor, and the addition manner of described alkaline conditioner is agitation and dropping, institute
Stating rate of addition is 5/min.
The gas flow rate of the cyclic aeration in described step 3 is 15ml/min, and the aerated reaction time is 50min, described two
The mole of carbon oxide gas is 2.3 times of lithium carbonate mole, and described carbon dioxide is 20% for carbon dioxide content
Nitrogen gas.
In ethanol water in described step 4, the content of ethanol is 70%, and the content of described ethanol water is molten with acetic acid
Liquid phase is with the pH after described hydrochloric acid adds is 6.5.
The mole of the polyacrylonitrile in described step 5 is the 0.5 of lithium carbonate, and described mixing speed is 500r/min, stirs
Time of mixing is 100min.
The decompressed pressure of the water-bath vacuum distillation in described step 6 is the 0.1 of atmospheric pressure, and described bath temperature is 89 DEG C,
Water bath time is 2h.
Gradient increased temperature in described step 7 is as follows：（1）Sealing reaction 3h at 200 DEG C,（2）Sealing reaction at 500 DEG C
1h,（3）0.3h. is reacted at 800 DEG C
The pressure of the gradient increased temperature in described step 7 is 1MPa, and the atmosphere of gradient increased temperature is nitrogen.
Embodiment 1 be obtained tertiary cathode material at normal temperatures and pressures, when charge and discharge cycles being carried out to it with the electric current of 1C,
Discharge capacity is 145.7mAh/g first, and the discharge capacity after 100 circulations is 131.7 mAh/g, capability retention
For 90.2%, illustrate that the high rate performance of the tertiary cathode material that embodiment 1 is obtained is preferable.Multiplying power in 0.2C, 1C, 2C, 5C, 10C
Under specific discharge capacity be respectively 168mAh/g, 148.3mAh/g, 135.6mAh/g, 120mAh/g, 95.2mAh/g, Jing Guobei
Again circulate its specific capacity under 0.2C after rate circulation and be still maintained at 160mAh/g, illustrate embodiment 1 prepared three
The cycle performance of first positive electrode is preferable.
Embodiment 2
A kind of high-performance tertiary cathode material, the chemical formula of tertiary cathode material is LiNi1-x-yCoxMnyO2, wherein x=0.1, y=
0.1, doped with carbon fiber in described tertiary cathode material, described carbon fiber is 0.16 with the proportioning of tertiary cathode material：
2.33.
The preparation method of described high-performance tertiary cathode material is as follows：
Step 1, cobalt acetate, manganese acetate and nickel acetate are put in acetic acid solution, and add lithium acetate, just obtain after stirring mixing
Pole material precursor liquid；
Step 2, drips alkaline conditioner in precursor liquid, adjusts pH to neutrality；
Step 3, carbon dioxide is reacted by the way of cyclic aeration, obtains the suspension with precipitation；
Step 4, the filter residue after suspension is filtered is put in ethanol water, drips a small amount of hydrochloric acid, obtains ternary carbonate liquid；
Step 5, polyacrylonitrile is added after stirring in solution, you can obtain mixed liquor；
Step 6, mixed liquor is carried out water-bath vacuum distillation, obtains ternary anode material precursor
Step 7, tertiary cathode material is carried out gradient increased temperature reaction and obtains high-performance tertiary cathode material.
The pH of the positive electrode precursor liquid in described step 1 is 4, and mixing speed is 1300r/min, and mixing time is
50min, the mole of described lithium acetate is consistent with cobalt acetate, manganese acetate and nickel acetate mole sum.
Alkaline conditioner in described step 2 adopts ammoniacal liquor, and the addition manner of described alkaline conditioner is agitation and dropping, institute
Stating rate of addition is 9/min.
The gas flow rate of the cyclic aeration in described step 3 is 15ml/min, and the aerated reaction time is 100min, described two
The mole of carbon oxide gas is 2.8 times of lithium carbonate mole, and described carbon dioxide is 50% for carbon dioxide content
Nitrogen gas.
In ethanol water in described step 4, the content of ethanol is 90%, and the content of described ethanol water is molten with acetic acid
Liquid phase is with the pH after described hydrochloric acid adds is 7.
The mole of the polyacrylonitrile in described step 5 is the 1.4 of lithium carbonate, and described mixing speed is 900r/min, stirs
Time of mixing is 150min.
The decompressed pressure of the water-bath vacuum distillation in described step 6 is the 0.2 of atmospheric pressure, and described bath temperature is 95 DEG C,
Water bath time is 5h.
Gradient increased temperature in described step 7 is as follows：（1）Sealing reaction 5h at 300 DEG C,（2）Sealing reaction at 600 DEG C
2h,（3）0.7h. is reacted at 900 DEG C
The pressure of the gradient increased temperature in described step 7 is 1.3MPa, and the atmosphere of gradient increased temperature is helium.
Embodiment 2 be obtained tertiary cathode material at normal temperatures and pressures, when charge and discharge cycles being carried out to it with the electric current of 1C,
Discharge capacity is 147.2mAh/g first, and the discharge capacity after 100 circulations is 135.7 mAh/g, capability retention
For 92.2%, illustrate that the high rate performance of the tertiary cathode material that embodiment 2 is obtained is preferable.Multiplying power in 0.2C, 1C, 2C, 5C, 10C
Under specific discharge capacity be respectively 164mAh/g, 146.3mAh/g, 135.6mAh/g, 115mAh/g, 95.2mAh/g, Jing Guobei
Again circulate its specific capacity under 0.2C after rate circulation and be still maintained at 155mAh/g, illustrate embodiment 2 prepared three
The cycle performance of first positive electrode is preferable.
Embodiment 3
A kind of high-performance tertiary cathode material, the chemical formula of tertiary cathode material is LiNi1-x-yCoxMnyO2, wherein x=0.3, y=
0.2, doped with carbon fiber in described tertiary cathode material, described carbon fiber is 0.91 with the proportioning of tertiary cathode material：1.78.
The preparation method of described high-performance tertiary cathode material is as follows：
Step 1, cobalt acetate, manganese acetate and nickel acetate are put in acetic acid solution, and add lithium acetate, just obtain after stirring mixing
Pole material precursor liquid；
Step 2, drips alkaline conditioner in precursor liquid, adjusts pH to neutrality；
Step 3, carbon dioxide is reacted by the way of cyclic aeration, obtains the suspension with precipitation；
Step 4, the filter residue after suspension is filtered is put in ethanol water, drips a small amount of hydrochloric acid, obtains ternary carbonate liquid；
Step 5, polyacrylonitrile is added after stirring in solution, you can obtain mixed liquor；
Step 6, mixed liquor is carried out water-bath vacuum distillation, obtains ternary anode material precursor
Step 7, tertiary cathode material is carried out gradient increased temperature reaction and obtains high-performance tertiary cathode material.
The pH of the positive electrode precursor liquid in described step 1 is 4, and mixing speed is 1100r/min, and mixing time is
35min, the mole of described lithium acetate is consistent with cobalt acetate, manganese acetate and nickel acetate mole sum.
Alkaline conditioner in described step 2 adopts ammoniacal liquor, and the addition manner of described alkaline conditioner is agitation and dropping, institute
Stating rate of addition is 8/min.
The gas flow rate of the cyclic aeration in described step 3 is 13ml/min, and the aerated reaction time is 75min, described two
The mole of carbon oxide gas is 2.5 times of lithium carbonate mole, and described carbon dioxide is 40% for carbon dioxide content
Nitrogen gas.
In ethanol water in described step 4, the content of ethanol is 80%, and the content of described ethanol water is molten with acetic acid
Liquid phase is with the pH after described hydrochloric acid adds is 7.
The mole of the polyacrylonitrile in described step 5 is the 1.1 of lithium carbonate, and described mixing speed is 750r/min, stirs
Time of mixing is 130min.
The decompressed pressure of the water-bath vacuum distillation in described step 6 is the 0.13 of atmospheric pressure, and described bath temperature is 90 DEG C,
Water bath time is 3h.
Gradient increased temperature in described step 7 is as follows：（1）Sealing reaction 3h at 250 DEG C,（2）Sealing reaction at 600 DEG C
1h,（3）0.5h. is reacted at 800-900 DEG C
The pressure of the gradient increased temperature in described step 7 is 1.1MPa, and the atmosphere of gradient increased temperature is neon.
Embodiment 3 be obtained tertiary cathode material at normal temperatures and pressures, when charge and discharge cycles being carried out to it with the electric current of 1C,
Discharge capacity is 141.7mAh/g first, and the discharge capacity after 100 circulations is 129.7 mAh/g, capability retention
For 91.5%, illustrate that the high rate performance of the tertiary cathode material that embodiment 1 is obtained is preferable.Multiplying power in 0.2C, 1C, 2C, 5C, 10C
Under specific discharge capacity be respectively 164mAh/g, 147.3mAh/g, 133.6mAh/g, 114mAh/g, 97.2mAh/g, Jing Guobei
Again circulate its specific capacity under 0.2C after rate circulation and be still maintained at 160mAh/g, illustrate embodiment 3 prepared three
The cycle performance of first positive electrode is preferable.
The foregoing is only one embodiment of the invention, be not intended to limit the present invention, all employing equivalents or equivalent transformation
The technical scheme that obtained of mode, all fall within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of high-performance tertiary cathode material is it is characterised in that the chemical formula of described tertiary cathode material is LiNi1-x- yCoxMnyO2, wherein 0<X≤0.4,0<Y≤0.3, doped with carbon fiber in described tertiary cathode material, described carbon fiber and three
The proportioning of first positive electrode is 0. 09-0.16：1.10-2.33.
2. a kind of high-performance tertiary cathode material according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that described high-performance tertiary cathode
The preparation method of material is as follows：
Step 1, cobalt acetate, manganese acetate and nickel acetate are put in acetic acid solution, and add lithium acetate, just obtain after stirring mixing
Pole material precursor liquid；
Step 2, drips alkaline conditioner in precursor liquid, adjusts pH to neutrality；
Step 3, carbon dioxide is reacted by the way of cyclic aeration, obtains the suspension with precipitation；
Step 4, the filter residue after suspension is filtered is put in ethanol water, drips a small amount of hydrochloric acid, obtains ternary carbonate liquid；
Step 5, polyacrylonitrile is added after stirring in solution, you can obtain mixed liquor；
Step 6, mixed liquor is carried out water-bath vacuum distillation, obtains ternary anode material precursor
Step 7, tertiary cathode material is carried out gradient increased temperature reaction and obtains high-performance tertiary cathode material.
3. a kind of high-performance tertiary cathode material according to claim 2 is it is characterised in that positive pole in described step 1
The pH of material precursor liquid is 3-4, and mixing speed is 1000-1300r/min, and mixing time is 30-50min, described lithium acetate
Mole is consistent with cobalt acetate, manganese acetate and nickel acetate mole sum.
4. a kind of high-performance tertiary cathode material according to claim 2 is it is characterised in that alkalescence in described step 2
Conditioning agent adopts ammoniacal liquor, and the addition manner of described alkaline conditioner is agitation and dropping, and described rate of addition drips/min for 5-9.
5. a kind of high-performance tertiary cathode material according to claim 2 is it is characterised in that circulation in described step 3
The gas flow rate of aeration is 10-15ml/min, and the aerated reaction time is 50-100min, the mole of described carbon dioxide
It it is 2.3-2.8 times of lithium carbonate mole, described carbon dioxide is the nitrogen gas of 20-50% for carbon dioxide content.
6. a kind of high-performance tertiary cathode material according to claim 2 is it is characterised in that ethanol in described step 4
In the aqueous solution, the content of ethanol is 70-90%, and the content of described ethanol water is identical with acetic acid solution, after described hydrochloric acid adds
PH be 6.5-7.
7. a kind of high-performance tertiary cathode material according to claim 2 it is characterised in that in described step 5 poly- third
The mole of alkene nitrile is the 0.5-1.4 of lithium carbonate, and described mixing speed is 500-900r/min, and mixing time is 100-
150min.
8. a kind of high-performance tertiary cathode material according to claim 2 is it is characterised in that water-bath in described step 6
The decompressed pressure of vacuum distillation is the 0.1-0.2 of atmospheric pressure, and described bath temperature is 89-95 DEG C, and water bath time is 2-5h.
9. a kind of high-performance tertiary cathode material according to claim 2 is it is characterised in that gradient in described step 7
Heat up as follows：（1）Sealing reaction 3-5h at 200-300 DEG C,（2）Sealing reaction 1-2h at 500-600 DEG C,（3）In 800-
0.3-0.7h is reacted at 900 DEG C.
10. a kind of high-performance tertiary cathode material according to claim 2 is it is characterised in that gradient in described step 7
The pressure heating up is 1-1.3MPa, and the atmosphere of gradient increased temperature is nitrogen or inert gas.
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| CN107204460A (en) * | 2017-05-11 | 2017-09-26 | 绍兴文理学院 | A kind of preparation method without crystal defect tertiary cathode material |
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| CN107204459B (en) * | 2017-05-11 | 2019-11-19 | 浙江工业职业技术学院 | A kind of preparation method of tertiary cathode material |
| CN108987693A (en) * | 2018-07-09 | 2018-12-11 | 浙江工业职业技术学院 | A kind of preparation method of the high performance carbon silicon composite for lithium battery |
| CN115286055A (en) * | 2022-10-08 | 2022-11-04 | 宜宾锂宝新材料有限公司 | Ternary cathode material, preparation method thereof, cathode and lithium ion battery |
| CN115286055B (en) * | 2022-10-08 | 2023-02-03 | 宜宾锂宝新材料有限公司 | Ternary cathode material, preparation method thereof, cathode and lithium ion battery |
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