CN108985652B - Retrieval method for determining innovation of innovation event - Google Patents

Retrieval method for determining innovation of innovation event Download PDF

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CN108985652B
CN108985652B CN201810875541.7A CN201810875541A CN108985652B CN 108985652 B CN108985652 B CN 108985652B CN 201810875541 A CN201810875541 A CN 201810875541A CN 108985652 B CN108985652 B CN 108985652B
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秦伟平
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Jilin University
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Abstract

The invention discloses a retrieval method for determining innovation of an innovation event, which belongs to the technical field of information processing and comprises the steps of determining a group of innovation subject words, determining innovation levels by using the group of innovation subject words, inputting the innovation subject words by using a retrieval tool to carry out innovation retrieval, counting retrieval data, verifying the innovation of the event, verifying the core innovation content of the innovation event, determining the innovation levels of the innovation event, determining the innovation factors of the innovation event, determining the innovation influence factors or annual innovation influence factors of the innovation event, determining the innovation derivative factors or annual innovation derivative factors of the innovation event and calculating innovation indexes of different subjects such as talents, magazines, groups, organizations, departments, countries and the like by using the retrieval data.

Description

Retrieval method for determining innovation of innovation event
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of information processing, and particularly relates to a retrieval method for determining innovation event innovativeness.
Background
The innovation evaluation is an evaluation activity which is developed by value, influence and contribution of innovation activities, innovation events and innovation results. In the existing evaluation system, an evaluation tool for systematically evaluating innovation activities and innovativeness of results does not exist, and even people do not know from which aspects and angles to develop the innovation evaluation activities.
In the current evaluation system, academic evaluation and evaluation tools and methods thereof, which are frequently used by people in academic evaluation, are relatively well developed. Academic evaluation refers to grading, positioning and quality judgment activities on indexes such as academic level, value, achievement, influence, social benefit and the like of academic institutions, scientific research projects, scientific research personnel, scientific research teams, academic achievements and academic periodicals by using certain evaluation methods and flows based on certain academic standards and using certain evaluation tools and evaluation indexes.
However, even in the case of a well-developed academic evaluation system, there are many problems, and particularly, there is no method for performing innovative evaluation on innovative activities and academic results.
Disclosure of Invention
According to the definition of innovation, the innovation activity must generate new knowledge; since new, the corresponding activity and the resulting result must be unprecedented, or first ranked in the chronological old to new (oldest to newest) ordering. By utilizing the existing Internet, the subject term related to the innovation activity can be input into a certain search engine, the innovation event is ranked first in time, the unprecedented innovation property of the event is proved, and the search is called as innovation search.
The purpose of the innovative search is as follows:
1. the innovativeness of the event is verified;
2. verifying the core innovation content of an innovation event by setting an innovation subject term;
3. determining the innovation level of an innovation event through the setting of an innovation subject term;
4. determining innovation factors of innovation events;
5. determining innovation influence factors or annual average innovation influence factors of innovation events;
6. determining innovation derivative factors or annual innovation derivative factors of innovation events;
7. and calculating innovation indexes of different subjects such as talents, periodicals, groups, organizations, departments, countries and the like.
The invention aims to provide a retrieval method for determining innovation events and scientific research results innovativeness so as to solve the problem of developing innovation evaluation methods. By implementing innovation retrieval, evaluation indexes such as innovation level, innovation factor, innovation influence factor, innovation derivative factor, innovation index and the like of the innovation activities and the innovation achievements can be calculated, so that the evaluation indexes of the innovation activities and the innovation achievements, which are related to innovation, can be determined.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a retrieval method for determining innovation of an innovation event comprises the following specific steps:
the method comprises the following steps: determining an innovation topic for a set of innovation events;
step two: determining the innovation level of the innovation event by using the number of the innovation subject words, namely:
number of subject words in innovation level
Because the number of the innovation subject terms used in the innovation retrieval is at least 1, the highest innovation level determined by the innovation retrieval is a first-level innovation, zero-level innovation cannot occur, and the more the number of the used innovation subject terms is, the lower the innovation level of an innovation event is;
step three: inputting an innovation subject term by using a retrieval tool to carry out innovation retrieval, and counting retrieval data;
the retrieval data comprises the sum of the number of relevant events and the influence number of the relevant events;
step four: calculating innovation factors of innovation events;
Figure GDA0002956249840000021
step five: calculating innovation influence factors of innovation events;
Figure GDA0002956249840000022
step six: calculating innovation derivation factors of innovation events:
assuming that i n +1 level innovation events B, j n +2 level innovation events C, k n +3 level innovation events D were derived from an n level innovation event a, the innovation derivative of the innovation event is calculated as follows:
Figure GDA0002956249840000023
in the above formula, i, j, k,. represent the number of n +1, n +2, n +3,. degree innovation events derived from this n degree innovation event, respectively; the greater the number of innovative events derived, the greater the innovative derivative CDF; the higher the level of the derived innovation event (the smaller the denominator), the larger the innovation derivative factor CDF;
step seven: calculating the innovation indexes of different subjects such as talents, journal magazines, groups, organizations, departments, countries and the like:
Figure GDA0002956249840000031
wherein i' is the innovation level of the innovation events acquired or published by different main bodies such as talents, journal magazines, groups, organizations, departments, countries, and the like, and Ni′The number of i' th-level innovation events, and n is the level number of the innovation event with the lowest level (the largest number) in all innovation events;
step eight: calculating innovation weight factors of the journal:
Figure GDA0002956249840000032
wherein, i "is the innovation level of the papers published in the journal, and the numerator is the number of the innovative papers published in the ith" level in the journal in a certain period.
Further, the innovative topic word is determined in the step one, and the selection principle is as follows:
(1) the selected innovation topic words are used for expressing the core content of an innovation event;
(2) selecting a group with the least number of subject terms as an innovative subject term;
(3) when the innovation event is not published, the selected innovation subject term is used for innovation retrieval, and any other related event cannot be retrieved;
(4) after the innovation event is published, using the selected innovation subject term to carry out innovation retrieval, wherein the innovation event is arranged at the earliest first position in the time sequence;
(5) after the innovation event is published, when several groups of innovation subject words with the same quantity can enable the searched innovation event to be arranged at the first place of time, one group with the large quantity of events related to the innovation event is searched out to be used as the innovation subject word;
(6) if synonyms exist, all synonyms must be computed side by side as an innovative subject.
(7) Compound words formed with hyphens "-" are usually computed as two (containing one hyphen) or three (containing two hyphens) innovative subject words, and so on.
(8) The innovative subject words are professional words, and special nouns such as names of people, place names, unit names and the like cannot be used as the innovative subject words.
Further, the number of the related events is the sum of the number of the retrieved events related to the innovation event.
Further, the sum of the influences of the related events is the sum of the times that the retrieved events related to the innovation event are referenced.
Further, the retrieval tool is an academic achievement online network retrieval platform provided by Web of Science, google academy, academy of measures, SCI (scientific introduction index), EI (engineering index), ISTP (Science and technology conference book index), CSCD (chinese scientific introduction database), SSCI (social Science introduction index), yahoo Search, fox Search, chinese knowledge network, chinese Science and technology periodical database, chinese patent retrieval, or chinese national Science foundation committee.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the innovative retrieval method for the innovation event provided by the invention can verify the innovation of the innovation event (such as scientific research achievements, academic papers, patents and the like), verify the core innovation content of the innovation event, determine the innovation level of the innovation event, determine the innovation factor of the innovation event, determine the innovation influence factor or annual average innovation influence factor of the innovation event, determine the innovation derivative factor or annual average innovation derivative factor of the innovation event, and calculate the innovation indexes of different subjects such as talents, journals, groups, organizations, departments, countries and the like. Therefore, the method provided by the invention has unique functions and characteristics.
Detailed Description
Example 1:
firstly, a 'WEB OF SCIENCE' website which is relatively authoritative is selected as a search tool, and all databases provided by the website are selected as search spaces. For the calculation of the Qinweiping research team, a paper published in 2008 in the journal of the optical Letters of the United states (Ultraviolet upscaling of Gd)3+) Is a new creation ofThe level, innovation factor and innovation impact factor, firstly, determine 4 subject words: "Gd3+"," ultraviolet "," upconversion or up-conversion "and" 980nm or near isolated or NIR ". Wherein, the 3 rd and 4 th subject terms use "or" to juxtapose two or more synonyms to ensure that the related papers and the reference data are retrieved to the maximum extent.
In this Search, "All Databases" (All Databases) are selected, "Basic Search" (Basic Search) is selected, "Topic" is selected for the Search, "Timespan" is set to "All years" (All years), and "automatic" is selected for the Search language (Search language to use) to be used.
In the case where the 4 innovative topics were provided in 2016, 31.12.2016, a total of 43 SCI papers containing these 4 topics were detected. According to the published time sequence of the papers, i.e. selecting the Publication Date ascending (Publication Date-old to newest), Chaocan, Qinwei, Zhang-Senson, etc., published by Ultraviolet upsersion of Gd3+Ranked first. The search results show that Caochun, Qinweiping, Zhang Sen, and the like firstly report the research results of gadolinium ions emitting ultraviolet up-conversion luminescence under near infrared light excitation. Other detected research papers also relate to 4 subjects of 'trivalent gadolinium ion', 'ultraviolet', 'up-conversion' and '980 nm or near infrared or NIR', and the research results are objectively influenced by the first paper ranked first.
The statistical information OF the retrieval can be obtained by using the function OF creating the quotation report provided on the WEB OF SCIENCE webpage. On 31/12/2016, the 43 papers retrieved were cited 1265 times in total, the citation document 1089, and the 43 papers retrieved were cited 29.42 times per average. According to the previous definition, the research result reported in the paper can be determined as four-level innovation with an innovation factor of 10.75. The magnitude of the innovative impact factor of the paper can also be easily calculated according to the above innovative impact factor calculation formula.
Figure GDA0002956249840000051
Since the paper is first ranked in time in the case of using 4 subject words for retrieval, the level of innovation of the paper is level 4 with an innovation impact factor of 316.25. Since the specific condition of retrieval changes with time, the influence of the paper can be better reflected by making an annual average of innovation influence factors. This paper was published in 4 months 2008, and has been published by the end of 2016 for a period of about 8.67 years (8 +8 months), with annual innovation influencing factors:
Figure GDA0002956249840000052
example 2
Taking an article in the Science journal published at 12/22/2000 as an example, the innovation level, innovation factor and innovation influence factor of the Report-type academic paper published in this journal (5500 on volume 290) are examined.
The reason why the Report-type academic paper of volume 5500 of 2000 was selected as the subject of investigation is as follows:
1. the papers published in the Science journal have a high level of representativeness;
2. 5500 at 290 is the last stage of 2000 in the journal, and the cited article in the journal can be calculated from 1/2001, and the result is convenient for statistics;
3. the Report type academic paper is a research Report of a comparison system and generally has good seriousness and innovation;
4. the papers published in the end of 2000 have 16 and a half years from the implementation of statistics (in 2017, at the end of 6 months), and the influence of the innovation of the papers on the field can be objectively reflected.
The search was also performed using the "WEB OF SCIENCE" website as a search tool.
The results of the search and statistical calculations are listed in table 1.
Table 1 search and statistical calculation results
Figure GDA0002956249840000061
Figure GDA0002956249840000071
As can be seen from the data in the above table, even the articles published at the same stage in the Science journal have a great difference in their citations after 16 years and a half. Some articles quote more than 300 times per year (e.g., article 16, 17), and the minimum number quotes is less than 10 times per year (e.g., article 4). Such differences are inherently related to the area and direction of research involved in the article, and necessarily to whether the selection decision of the edit is reasonable.
The number of articles detected in the list gives the number of articles detected by the same group of creative topics. Thus, the "article detection number" can reflect more accurately how much of the fully relevant work was directly affected by the first paper. This data also varies greatly in the above list. For example, paper No.17 directly affected 371 papers, while paper No.11 did not detect other papers that are fully relevant.
Next, the 17 counted Report-type paper data are rearranged according to the innovation level provided in the above table to show the correlation between these data.
TABLE 2 statistics arranged according to the innovation level of the paper
Figure GDA0002956249840000072
Figure GDA0002956249840000081
Example 3
Selecting seven periodicals of Nature, Science, PRL, JACS, Cell, Lancet and APL, and statistically calculating relevant data of 822 academic papers published in the periodicals in 12 months in 2000, wherein the statistical time is between 6 months and 20-25 days in 2017. The statistical items are still: innovation level, number of detected articles, SCI reference number, annual average SCI reference number, total number of innovations, innovation influence factor, annual average innovation influence factor and innovation factor. Since the SCI reference number has the same statistical significance (only 16.5 times different) as the annual average SCI reference number, the statistical data is analyzed below for the annual average SCI reference number only or for the SCI reference number only; for the same reason, only the annual innovation influence factor is calculated or only the innovation influence factor is analyzed.
Table 3 gives statistics of the innovation level of seven journal articles. From the statistical results, the papers in Cell and Nature journal have a higher innovation level, while the papers in Lancet journal have a lower innovation level. Table 3 is ordered by mean of innovation levels.
Table 3 innovation level analysis table of papers published in seven journal magazines in 12 months of 2000:
sorting Periodical Mean value of Minimum value Median value Maximum value
1. Cell 2.89655 2 3 5
2. Nature 3.32143 1 3 6
3. PRL 4.09 1 4 12
4. APL 4.18884 1 4 9
5. Science 4.31034 2 4 8
6. JACS 5.14151 1 5 13
7. Lancet 7.32353 3 6.5 17
These statistics are summarized in Table 4 below, and the number and percentage of innovative-level papers from the seven journal offices are given. The levels of innovation and the sizes of the occupied proportions are ordered from left to right according to the innovation level of journal published papers.
TABLE 4 statistics table of the number of papers in seven magazines in 12 months in 2000 and their innovation levels
Figure GDA0002956249840000091
The dark grey in the table indicates that the journal does not release a paper with a corresponding innovation level in the statistical range, and the light grey indicates the maximum proportion innovation level of the journal released papers. The most published two magazines of Cell and Nature are three-level papers, and the proportion of the papers is 51.72 percent and 42.86 percent respectively; the three magazines of Science, PRL and APL are the four-grade papers with the ratio of 42.86 percent, 33.5 percent and 26.61 percent respectively; the most published of two magazines of Lancet and JACS are five-level papers, accounting for 25.71% and 16.98%, respectively.
Example 4
Innovation index calculation for journal
According to the definition of innovation indexes, the sum of innovation indexes of seven journal publications in 12 months in 2000 is calculated, the calculation method is shown in formula (5), and the calculation result is shown in table 5.
TABLE 5 statistics table of innovation indexes and average innovation indexes of seven magazines in 12 months in 2000
Figure GDA0002956249840000092
Figure GDA0002956249840000101
From the calculation results listed in table 5, the innovation index of the journal is completely determined by the number of high-grade papers published therein, and the contribution of the papers with innovation grades greater than 7 to the innovation index of the journal is almost negligible. According to the innovation indexes from big to small, the seven periodicals are ordered as follows: APL (23960.82), 2.JACS (18450.38), 3.PRL (15692.03), 4.Nature (7551.08), 5.Cell (3932.28), 6.Science (1294.47), 7.Lancet (44.25).
This example also calculates the average innovation index for seven journal articles, as listed in the penultimate row of table 5. The average innovation index represents the average innovation of papers published in periodicals, and the average innovation index is sorted from large to small according to the sequence: cell (135.59), Nature (134.84), APL (102.84), JACS (87.03), PRL (78.46), Science (22.32), and Lancet (1.26).
The first last row of table 5 lists the Influence Factors (IF) for seven magazines in 2016. It can be seen that some magazines have large deviations between innovation indexes and influence factors, such as Lancet and APL. This deviation indicates that the impact factor is not able to reasonably evaluate the novelty of the paper published in the journal magazine.
Example 5
Computation of innovation weight factors for journal
Because high-level innovation events or innovation achievements are given a very large weight in calculating the innovation index, the contribution of low-level innovation events to the innovation index is almost negligible. However, most scientific results come from low-level innovation events. This necessarily results in an inefficient scaling of the effects of these low-level results. Such problems are more prominent for common academic periodicals, and may result in many common academic periodicals with innovation indexes of almost zero.
In order to make up for the inconvenience caused by the problems, a relatively mild evaluation index, namely an innovation weight factor of the journal is designed to measure the innovation of papers published by the journal. The calculation method of the innovation weight factor of the journal is shown in the formula (6). Compared with the formula (5) for calculating the innovation index, the numerator in the formula (6) is unchanged, and the denominator is i2Instead of (i +1)i+1Nor by a factor of ten thousand.
Similar to the innovation index, the innovation weighting factor can also reflect the comprehensive innovation degree of the academic papers published in journal magazines. The more the space and the higher the level of the published paper (the smaller the i), the larger the innovation weight factor of the journal; the less space and lower rank (i is larger) the published papers, the smaller the innovation weight factor of the journal. Obviously, the innovation weight factor of the journal can simultaneously evaluate the innovativeness of published papers of the journal and the number of periodicals, and can restrict the method of greatly limiting the number of published papers for improving the influence factor. In accordance with the above definitions and calculation formulas, the innovative weighting factors of seven journals were calculated and listed in table 6. The names of the magazines are arranged from left to right according to the size of the innovation weight factor.
TABLE 6 Innovation grade statistics of seven journal articles published in 12 months in 2000 and calculation results of innovation weight factors of the journals
Figure GDA0002956249840000111
Figure GDA0002956249840000121
The third last row of table 6 shows seven journal innovation weight factors and ordering from large to small. As can be seen, the size of the innovation weighting factor has a great relationship with the number of publications in the journal. The innovation weight factors of APL (23.709), PRL (21.256) and JACS (18.152) with the number of the monthly papers exceeding 200 are all larger than 18, and the innovation weight factors of other four luxury influence factor journals are all smaller than 10, mainly because the number of the papers of the journals is relatively small.
The first to last row of table 6 shows the innovation weight factors (average individual innovation weight factors) for all seven magazines, which is a good reflection of the average innovation of the journal issue. We can see that the innovative weighting factors of the journal of Cell are the largest (0.145), followed by Nature (0.133) and PRL (0.106), again APL (0.102), JACS (0.086), Science (0.069), and finally Lancet (0.027). This ordering is substantially consistent with the ordering according to the mean innovation index.
Example 6
Calculation of innovation index of someone and annual innovation index of a unit
1. Talent innovation index:
XXX talents commonly obtain 303 items of innovation results, and the levels and the number of the innovation results are determined by innovation search as shown in Table 7:
TABLE 7 talent innovation index calculation Table
Figure GDA0002956249840000131
The talent innovation index for XXX calculated from equation (5) is: 8859.88, and the contribution of the 2 items of primary achievement and the 7 items of secondary achievement to the talent innovation index is more than 85 percent.
2. Annual innovation index of a certain school:
the XX university obtains 6185 items of innovation achievements in 2017, and the levels and the number of the innovation achievements are determined as follows through innovation retrieval:
TABLE 8 XX university 2017 Innovation index calculation Table
Figure GDA0002956249840000132
The innovation index of the XX university in 2017 is calculated from formula (5) as: 58289.25, and the contribution of 9 primary achievements and 31 secondary achievements to the innovation index is more than 58%; one to three levels of achievement, amounting to about 9%, contribute more than 93% to their innovation index.
Example 7
Computational academic paper [ [ Ultraviolet upconversion emulsions of Gd3+Innovative derivatives of (1).
In 2018, 5 months and 1 day, Gd is provided3+"ultrasolve or UV", "upconversion or up-conversion" and "980 nm or near extracted or NIR or near extracted" 4 innovative topics, we collectively detected 60 SCI articles (two of them are the same articles) containing these 4 topics. Academic paper [ Ultraviolet upconversion emulsions of Gd3+Ranked first in the check-out results, was determined to be a level 4 innovation outcome. And determining respective innovation levels of other 59 papers through innovation retrieval. Statistics the number of papers at each level of innovation is listed in the table below. Using the formula (4) to calculate the academic paper [ Ultraviolet upconversion emulsions of Gd3+Innovative derivatives of (1).
In order to rank the 59 derived articles first in time sequence, we must set 1 to 3 new topics for each article in addition to the above 4 innovative topics, as detailed in the "innovative topic" column in the following table.
TABLE 9 academic paper [ Ultraviolet upconversion emulsions of Gd3+Innovative derivation factor calculation Table
Figure GDA0002956249840000141
Figure GDA0002956249840000151
Figure GDA0002956249840000161
Figure GDA0002956249840000171
Figure GDA0002956249840000181
Figure GDA0002956249840000191
Figure GDA0002956249840000201
Figure GDA0002956249840000211
The calculation results showed that the academic paper of 5.1.2018 [ Ultraviolet upconversion emulsions of Gd3+The innovative derivation factors are: 20.266.

Claims (5)

1.a retrieval method for determining innovation of an innovation event is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
the method comprises the following steps: determining an innovation subject term of an innovation event;
step two: determining the innovation level of the innovation event by using the number of the innovation subject words, namely:
number of subject words (1) innovation grade ═ innovation
The highest innovation level is one level, and the more the number of used innovation subject words is, the lower the innovation level of innovation events is;
step three: inputting an innovation subject term by using a retrieval tool to carry out innovation retrieval, and counting retrieval data;
the retrieval data comprises the sum of the number of relevant events and the influence number of the relevant events;
step four: calculating innovation factors of innovation events;
Figure FDA0002956249830000011
step five: calculating innovation influence factors of innovation events;
Figure FDA0002956249830000012
step six: calculating innovation derivation factors of innovation events:
Figure FDA0002956249830000013
wherein i, j, k,. represent the number of n +1, n +2, n +3,. stages of innovation events derived from n stages of innovation events, respectively;
step seven: calculating the innovation indexes of talents, periodicals, magazines, groups, organizations, departments or countries:
Figure FDA0002956249830000014
wherein i' is the innovation level of talents, periodicals, groups, organizations, departments, or countries acquiring or publishing innovation events, Ni′The number of i' th-level innovation events acquired or published for talents, periodicals, magazines, groups, organizations, departments or countries, and n is the level number of the innovation event with the lowest level among all innovation events;
step eight: calculating innovation weight factors of the journal:
Figure FDA0002956249830000015
wherein, i "is the innovation level of the papers published in the journal, and the numerator is the number of the innovative papers published in the ith" level in the journal in a certain period.
2. The searching method for determining innovation of an innovation incident as claimed in claim 1, wherein the innovative subject term is determined in the first step by the following selection principle:
(1) the selected innovation topic words are used for expressing the core content of an innovation event;
(2) selecting a group with the least number of subject terms as an innovative subject term;
(3) when the innovation event is not published, the selected innovation subject term is used for innovation retrieval, and any other related event cannot be retrieved;
(4) after the innovation event is published, using the selected innovation subject term to carry out innovation retrieval, wherein the innovation event is arranged at the earliest first position in the time sequence;
(5) after the innovation event is published, when several groups of innovation subject words with the same quantity can enable the searched innovation event to be arranged at the first place of time, one group with the large quantity of events related to the innovation event is searched out to be used as the innovation subject word;
(6) if synonyms exist, using 'or' to calculate all synonyms in parallel as an innovation subject;
(7) calculating a compound word formed by hyphens into two (containing one hyphen) or three (containing two hyphens) innovative subject words, and so on;
(8) the innovative subject word is a professional word, and special nouns such as names of people, places or units cannot be used as the innovative subject word.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the number of related events is the sum of the number of events related to the innovation.
4. A retrieval method for determining the innovativeness of the innovation event as recited in claim 1, wherein the sum of the influences of the related events is the total number of times the retrieved events related to the innovation event are referenced.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the Search tool in step three is a Web Search platform for academic achievements provided by Web of Science, google academic, encyclopedia, scientific citation index, engineering index, Science and technology conference book index, chinese scientific citation database, social scientific citation index, yahoo Search, chinese knowledge network, chinese Science and technology periodical database, chinese patent Search, or chinese national Science foundation committee.
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