CN108984866A - A kind of preparation method of test load spectrum - Google Patents
A kind of preparation method of test load spectrum Download PDFInfo
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- CN108984866A CN108984866A CN201810684838.5A CN201810684838A CN108984866A CN 108984866 A CN108984866 A CN 108984866A CN 201810684838 A CN201810684838 A CN 201810684838A CN 108984866 A CN108984866 A CN 108984866A
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
- G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M17/00—Testing of vehicles
- G01M17/08—Railway vehicles
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of preparing methods of test load spectrum, and this method includes the selection of stress reference point, measured data signal processing, the setting of invalid Cyclic Stress threshold value, the differentiation of invalid Cyclic Stress, the determination of invalid load-time section and breakpoint joint step.This method can shorten the test period, true to reflect critical component loading conditions, and front and back is concentrated and meets the damage consistency principle.
Description
Invention field
The invention belongs to test system fields, in particular to a kind of preparation method of test load spectrum.
Technical background
Rolling stock critical component is one of the important factor in order for influencing safe train operation, and test is to critical component
The important means of design and evaluation.Test aspect, road test method can reflect the real working condition of critical component, but test week
Phase is long, at high cost, it is impossible to accomplish that each vehicle of every route carries out route measured test.Indoor simulation route bench test
Method can be tested with shorter period, higher efficiency.Therefore, analog line bench test is for critical component
It designs and evaluates and is very necessary.
When the enterprising row line simulation loading of testing stand is tested indoors, need to work out the test load spectrum conduct for load
Drive pumping signal.The source of test load spectrum is the load history of treated road test actual measurement.Due to vehicle
On the line when actual motion, can cause structure fatigue damage big load be it is relatively small number of, fatigue damage is contributed little
Or undamaged side crops industry accounts for most times, therefore, to shorten the test period, testing expenses is effectively reduced, it need to be to load
Lotus time history carries out concentration simplification.
When vehicle is run on the line, collective effect of the critical component moment by various load, various load are
It is coupled, the collective effect of a variety of load causes the fatigue rupture of critical component, so being difficult to analyze certain load
Lotus is much can to cause fatigue damage to critical component, cannot also directly determine that certain load is much to be retained, how small to answer
The deletion.Even if remaining the biggish load of each load type by relevant calculation, the corresponding of each load is also destroyed
Temporal regularity can not be used for analog line bench test.
No matter how load acts on critical component, load is all by internal stress to the fatigue rupture of critical component
Come what is characterized.Stress is unique foundation of fatigue rupture, when the range of stress of certain time segment structure is higher than its tired cutoff limiting,
Illustrate that the structure of the period generates fatigue damage, the load of corresponding period is considered damage can be caused to have critical component
Imitate load.The period that the range of stress is lower than tired cutoff limiting is rejected in Stressing history, and synchronous rejecting is corresponding
Load-time section can retain effective load history.The concentration of load history is simplified, there is no strengthen to carry
Lotus, without changing load cycle sequence, the reservation that each load is synchronized does not change the coefficient rule of each load yet,
Situations such as coupled relation will not change, the loaded situation of true reappearance critical component, vibration mode and fatigue rupture.
In existing technology, there are mainly two types of the preparing methods of the test load spectrum of rolling stock critical component, one is
Load history based on actual measurement obtains loading spectrum block using rain flow method, and passes through damage consistency principle establishment examination
Loading spectrum block is tested, time-domain signal is converted to frequency-region signal by this method, does not account for the change procedure of load, can not reproduce key
The true loading conditions of component；Another method is that the load history of actual measurement is carried out load examination directly as test load spectrum
It tests, this method test period is too long, considerably increases research and development cost.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the drawbacks of the prior art, present inventor proposes a kind of rolling stock based on stress foundation point
The preparation method of critical component analog line load test loading spectrum, this method can shorten the test period, and true reflection is crucial
Component loading conditions, and front and back is concentrated and meets the damage consistency principle.
Above-mentioned purpose of the invention adopts the following technical scheme that realize.
The present invention proposes a kind of preparation method of test load spectrum, and this method comprises the following steps:
Step 1: the selection of stress reference point
Tired dangerous position is chosen, is then selected imitative in conjunction with critical component practice situation using emulated computation method
It is true calculate in the point that often goes wrong in the relatively large point of stress and practice as stress reference point.The present invention with
Tired dangerous position as stress reference point, can be reduced route measured test and test load spectrum establishment workload and at
This.
Step 2: measured data signal processing
Before establishment test load spectrum, the Stressing history and load history obtain to synchronism detection removes flash removed
Signal processing, removal null offset processing, removal interference filter processing.
Step 3: the setting of invalid Cyclic Stress threshold value
The stress amplitude threshold value σ of invalid Cyclic Stress is setaHWith stress average value threshold value σmH。
Step 4: the differentiation of invalid Cyclic Stress
Obtain the Cyclic Stress of Stressing history using rain flow method, first by the stress amplitude of Cyclic Stress with answer
Power amplitude threshold value σaHComparison is determined as effective stress circulation if being higher than stress amplitude threshold value；If being lower than stress amplitude
It is worth threshold value, then is temporarily determined as small Cyclic Stress；By the stress average value of small Cyclic Stress and stress average value threshold value σmH
Comparison is determined as effective stress circulation if being higher than stress average value threshold value；If being lower than stress average value threshold value,
It is then determined as invalid Cyclic Stress, and records corresponding invalid stress time section.
Step 5: the determination of invalid load-time section
The invalid stress time section for determining all stress reference points, seeks common ground, and then obtain invalid load on a timeline
Period.
Step 6: breakpoint joint
Invalid load history is deleted using invalid load-time section, is put down between two neighboring breakpoint with half-sinusoid
Slip, and then obtain effective test load spectrum.
In step 5, the invalid stress time section such as following formula of stress reference point:
The invalid stress time section of 1st stress reference point:
The invalid stress time section of 2nd stress reference point:
The invalid stress time section of 3rd stress reference point:
·
·
·
The invalid stress time section of i-th of stress reference point:
·
·
·
The invalid stress time section of n-th of stress reference point:
Then invalid load-time section are as follows:
In formula, Δ T1For the invalid stress time section of i-th of stress reference point；For a of i-th of stress reference pointi
A invalid stress time section；N is the quantity of stress reference point；Oeprator ∩ indicates the intersection operation on time shaft.
Compared with prior art, the application has following excellent technical effect:
1, stress is the true response of load, with load corresponding relationship synchronous with stress, with the establishment of stress reference point
Test load spectrum, accuracy are high；
2, due to having deleted the section of the ineffective time in load history, so shortening the test period, test is reduced
Cost.
3, this patent requires the selection of stress reference point, gives the specific optimum option side of stress reference point
Method can be reduced the workload of route measured test and test load spectrum establishment using tired dangerous position as stress reference point
And cost.
4, this patent introduces stress average value threshold value, considers the influence of average value, is differentiated using stress amplitude threshold value
And then invalid Cyclic Stress is differentiated using stress average value threshold value.The meeting of stress amplitude threshold value is only set in the prior art
Accidentally delete that stress amplitude is small, but the Cyclic Stress that stress average value is big, it is to have tribute that this part Cyclic Stress, which is to critical component damage,
It offers.The method of this patent is more accurate.
5, prior art point of interruption straight line connection is easily introduced a large amount of singular points, test load spectrum and the reality thus worked out
Situation is not inconsistent, and in load test, easily leads to testing stand load failure or damage test platform.This patent semisinusoidal song
Line is smoothly connected breakpoint, avoids above situation.
6, the prior art is readily incorporated extra " Efficient Cycle " to the extension of stress cycling wave form, reduces test load spectrum
Accuracy.This patent is smoothly connected breakpoint using half-sinusoid, avoids above situation.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is analog line test load spectrum Planning procedure figure；
Fig. 2 lorry body measured stress time history and load history processing result；
Fig. 3 is that invalid Cyclic Stress differentiates flow chart；
Fig. 4 lorry body test load spectrum establishment result；
The Stressing history of Fig. 5 lorry body stress reference point 1；
The adjacent breakpoint of Fig. 6 load history；
The adjacent breakpoint joint mode of Fig. 7 load history, (a) are straight line connection, (b) are connected for half-sinusoid.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is made with the determination of certain lorry body test load spectrum with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments further
It is described in detail.
Embodiment 1
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of preparation method of rolling stock critical component analog line load test loading spectrum, including with
Lower step:
Step 1: the selection of stress reference point
Tired dangerous position is chosen, is then selected imitative in conjunction with critical component practice situation using emulated computation method
It is true calculate in the point that often goes wrong in the relatively large point of stress and practice as stress reference point.Certain railway goods
The results are shown in Table 1 for the selection of vehicle car body stress reference point.
The selection result of certain the lorry body stress reference point of table 1
| Number | Position |
| 1 | Rest the head on outer sleeper beam lower cover plate and central sill join domain |
| 2 | Sleeper beam lower cover plate and central sill join domain in resting the head on |
| 3 | Middle part cross bearer lower cover plate and central sill junction |
Step 2: measured data signal processing
Before establishment test load spectrum, the Stressing history and load history obtain to synchronism detection removes flash removed
Signal processing, removal null offset processing, removal interference filter processing.Certain lorry body measured stress time history and load
Lotus time history processing result is as shown in Figure 2.
Step 3: the setting of invalid Cyclic Stress threshold value
The stress amplitude threshold value σ of invalid Cyclic Stress is setaHWith stress average value threshold value σmH.Certain railway freight-car vehicle
The invalid Cyclic Stress threshold value definitive result of body stress reference point is as shown in table 2.
The invalid Cyclic Stress threshold value definitive result of certain the lorry body stress reference point of table 2
Step 4: the differentiation of invalid Cyclic Stress
The Cyclic Stress of Stressing history is obtained using rain flow method, first by the stress amplitude of Cyclic Stress and door
Threshold value σaHComparison is determined as effective stress circulation if being higher than threshold value；If being lower than threshold value, temporarily it is determined as small
Cyclic Stress；The stress average value of small Cyclic Stress is taken absolute value and threshold value σmHComparison differentiates if being higher than threshold value
For effective stress circulation；If being lower than threshold value, it is determined as invalid Cyclic Stress, and records corresponding invalid stress time section
(process is shown in Fig. 3).The invalid stress time section definitive result of certain lorry body is as shown in table 3.
The invalid stress time section definitive result of certain lorry body of table 3
Step 5: the determination of invalid load-time section
The invalid stress time section for determining all stress reference points, seeks common ground, and then obtain invalid load on a timeline
Period, such as following formula:
The invalid stress time section of 1st stress reference point:
The invalid stress time section of 2nd stress reference point:
The invalid stress time section of 3rd stress reference point:
·
·
·
The invalid stress time section of i-th of stress reference point:
·
·
·
The invalid stress time section of n-th of stress reference point:
Then invalid load-time section are as follows:
In formula, Δ T1For the invalid stress time section of i-th of stress reference point；For a of i-th of stress reference pointi
A invalid stress time section；N is the quantity of stress reference point；Oeprator ∩ indicates the intersection operation on time shaft.Certain railway
The invalid load-time section definitive result of truck body is as shown in table 4.
The invalid load-time section definitive result of certain lorry body of table 4
Step 6: breakpoint joint
Invalid load history is deleted using invalid load-time section, is put down between two neighboring breakpoint with half-sinusoid
Slip, and then obtain effective test load spectrum.Certain lorry body test load spectrum establishment result is as shown in Figure 4.
Embodiment 2
Unless otherwise specified, using method same as Example 1, the present embodiment is compared to be not introduced into and be answered the present embodiment
The difference of stress amplitude threshold value and method of the invention is only arranged in power average value threshold value.
The Stressing history of certain lorry body stress reference point 1 obtains two Cyclic Stress 1 through rain flow method
With Cyclic Stress 2, as shown in Figure 5.The statistical result of Cyclic Stress 1 and Cyclic Stress 2 is as shown in table 5.Cyclic Stress 1 and stress
The stress amplitude of circulation 2 is lower than stress amplitude threshold value σaH, stress average value is higher than stress average value threshold value σmH, according to existing
There is technology judgement, two Cyclic Stress belong to invalid Cyclic Stress, but it is to have that this part Cyclic Stress, which is to critical component damage,
Contribution, belong to effective stress circulation.
The statistical result of table 5 Cyclic Stress 1 and Cyclic Stress 2
| Number | Stress amplitude (MPa) | Stress average value (MPa) |
| Cyclic Stress 1 | 6.62 | 21.24 |
| Cyclic Stress 2 | 9.51 | 26.86 |
Embodiment 3
Unless otherwise specified, using method same as Example 1, it is invalid that the present embodiment compares deletion to the present embodiment
Using straight line connection and the difference on effect partly just dazzling curve and connect after invalid load-time section.
After deleting invalid load-time section, there is breakpoint in load history, as shown in Figure 6.Between two neighboring breakpoint
Connection type as shown in fig. 7, Fig. 7 (a) be conventional coupling arrangement, ineffective time section delete after, breakpoint 2 moves to and breakpoint 1
Same time point, straight line connection between two breakpoints.A large amount of singular point is introduced by the test load spectrum of this connection type establishment,
This is not inconsistent with actual conditions, and in load test, and test bench running cannot achieve smooth transition, easily testing stand is caused to add
Carry failure or damage test platform.Fig. 7 (b) is the connection type that this patent is chosen, and is smoothly connected between two breakpoints with half-sinusoid
It connects, is composed by the test load of this connection type establishment, avoid the generation of singular point, it is more efficient to be used for bench test.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of preparation method of test load spectrum, this method comprises the following steps:
Step 1: the selection of stress reference point
Tired dangerous position is chosen in conjunction with critical component practice situation using emulated computation method, then selects emulation meter
The point often to go wrong in the relatively large point of stress and practice in calculation is as stress reference point；
Step 2: measured data signal processing
Before establishment test load spectrum, the Stressing history and load history obtain to synchronism detection removes burr signal
Processing, removal null offset processing, removal interference filter processing；
Step 3: the setting of invalid Cyclic Stress threshold value
The stress amplitude threshold value σ of invalid Cyclic Stress is setaHWith stress average value threshold value σmH；
Step 4: the differentiation of invalid Cyclic Stress
The Cyclic Stress of Stressing history is obtained using rain flow method, first by the stress amplitude of Cyclic Stress and stress amplitude
It is worth threshold value σaHComparison is determined as effective stress circulation if being higher than stress amplitude threshold value；If being lower than stress amplitude door
Threshold value is then temporarily determined as small Cyclic Stress；The stress average value of small Cyclic Stress is taken absolute value and stress average value threshold
Value σmHComparison is determined as effective stress circulation if being higher than stress average value threshold value；If being lower than stress average value threshold
Value, then be determined as invalid Cyclic Stress, and records corresponding invalid stress time section；
Step 5: the determination of invalid load-time section
The invalid stress time section for determining all stress reference points, seeks common ground, and then obtain invalid load-time on a timeline
Section；
Step 6: breakpoint joint
Invalid load history is deleted using invalid load-time section, is smoothly connected between two neighboring breakpoint with half-sinusoid
It connects, and then obtains effective test load spectrum.
2. method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step 5, stress reference point without efficacy when
Between section such as following formula:
The invalid stress time section of 1st stress reference point:
The invalid stress time section of 2nd stress reference point:
The invalid stress time section of 3rd stress reference point:
The invalid stress time section of i-th of stress reference point:
The invalid stress time section of n-th of stress reference point:
Then invalid load-time section are as follows:
In formula, Δ T1For the invalid stress time section of i-th of stress reference point；For a of i-th of stress reference pointiIt is a invalid
Stress time section；N is the quantity of stress reference point；Oeprator ∩ indicates the intersection operation on time shaft.
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Cited By (3)
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| CN110954338A (en) * | 2019-11-22 | 2020-04-03 | 上海理工大学 | Standardized load spectrum for four-column bench test of whole vehicle and standardization method thereof |
| CN112749683A (en) * | 2021-01-27 | 2021-05-04 | 吉林大学 | Rain flow counting method capable of reserving load time sequence |
| CN116187041A (en) * | 2023-02-10 | 2023-05-30 | 南京航空航天大学 | Load spectrum filtering method based on continuous fiber reinforced composite material microscopic damage threshold |
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