CN108982633A - The method for determining the unit status of the sensor for detecting measurement gas characteristic - Google Patents
The method for determining the unit status of the sensor for detecting measurement gas characteristic Download PDFInfo
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- CN108982633A CN108982633A CN201810558546.7A CN201810558546A CN108982633A CN 108982633 A CN108982633 A CN 108982633A CN 201810558546 A CN201810558546 A CN 201810558546A CN 108982633 A CN108982633 A CN 108982633A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/416—Systems
- G01N27/417—Systems using cells, i.e. more than one cell and probes with solid electrolytes
- G01N27/419—Measuring voltages or currents with a combination of oxygen pumping cells and oxygen concentration cells
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/403—Cells and electrode assemblies
- G01N27/406—Cells and probes with solid electrolytes
- G01N27/407—Cells and probes with solid electrolytes for investigating or analysing gases
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/403—Cells and electrode assemblies
- G01N27/406—Cells and probes with solid electrolytes
- G01N27/407—Cells and probes with solid electrolytes for investigating or analysing gases
- G01N27/41—Oxygen pumping cells
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of methods for determining the state of the sensor element of the characteristic for detecting the measurement gas in measurement gas compartment, the sensor has the sensor element for detecting measurement gas characteristic, the sensor element has the first electrochemical cell and the second electrochemical cell, first electrochemical cell includes first electrode, second electrode and the solid electrolyte for connecting them, second electrochemical cell includes third electrode, and this method includes diagnostic value of the setting for the reference parameter of regulating member；Multiple measured values of multiple measured values for diagnostic value detection for the adjustable parameter of regulating member and/or the execution parameter for regulating member in different time points；Determine that characteristic parameter, characteristic parameter are the characteristic parameters of the diverging of the characteristic parameter of the diverging of multiple measured values of adjustable parameter and/or multiple measured values of execution parameter as the function with reference to parameter；Unit status is determined compared with diagnosing boundary value according to characteristic parameter.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method for determining the state of at least one component of sensor, the sensor is used for
At least one characteristic of measurement gas in detection measurement gas compartment.
Background technique
It is known from the state of the art a variety of sensings of at least one characteristic for detecting the measurement gas in measurement gas compartment
Device and method.Herein, however, it would be possible to be related to measuring the arbitrary physical characteristic and/or chemical characteristic of gas, wherein Ke Yijian
Survey one or more characteristics.In the following, referring especially to measurement gas gas componant share qualitative and/or quantitative detection,
The present invention is described referring especially to the detection to the oxygen share in measurement gas part.Such as it can be in the form of partial pressure
And/or oxygen share is detected in the form of percentage.It alternatively, however, or additionally also can detecte other of measurement gas
Characteristic, such as temperature.
By the prior art especially known ceramics sensor, based on the electrolyte properties of determining solid use, be based on
The ionic conduction characteristic of the solid.In particular, the solid can be ceramiic solid electrolyte, such as zirconium dioxide (ZrO2), it is outstanding
Its yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) and the zirconium dioxide (ScSZ) for adulterating scandium, they may include aluminium oxide (Al2O3) and/
Or silica (SiO2) a small amount of additive.
Such as this sensor element can be configured to so-called lambda seeker or NOx sensor, for example such as it
By K.Reif, Deitsche, K-H et al. written " automotive engineering handbook " (Springer Vieweg publishing house, Wei Siba
Step on, 2014, the 1338-1347 pages) and by Konrad Reif (book-maker) " sensor in motor vehicle " (2012
The second edition, the 160-165 pages) it is known as.For example may be used by broadband lambda seeker, particular by flat broadband lambda seeker
To determine the oxygen concentration in exhaust gas within large regions and to be inferred to the air-fuel ratio in combustion chamber.Air coefficient λ is retouched
State the air-fuel ratio.NOx sensor had not only determined the nitrous oxides concentration in exhaust gas but also had determined oxygen concentration.
By pump unit (Pumpzelle), measuring unit, oxygen reference unit and can the combination of this special unit can be with structure
It makes a kind of for measuring the sensor of the oxygen content in environmental gas.In the pump unit according to amperometric pump principle work
In, in the case where being applied to voltage or electric current on the pump electrode in different gas compartments, flux of oxygen ions is migrated across
Ceramic body (solid electrolyte of conduction oxygen), which separates (" pump ") for gas compartment.If pump unit be used to protect
It is constant (environmental gas can be spread in the cavity) to hold the oxygen partial pressure in cavity, then can be pushed away by the measurement to electric current
Break and conveyed amount of oxygen.According to diffusion law, the pump stream and the oxygen partial pressure in environmental gas are directly proportional.By
This special unit of energy, can be determined in oxygen partial pressure and another reference gas room in cavity by the energy nernst voltage of construction
The ratio of oxygen partial pressure.
This sensor may include regulating loop.Here, the electrochemical cell of this sensor can be considered adjusting
Object.With reference to the voltage predetermined value that parameter is at this special unit of energy.Here, the execution parameter of the regulating loop
It is pump electrode to upper pump voltage or pump electric current.Adjustable parameterMeasured energy nernst voltage, the energy this
Special voltage is the measurement of the oxygen partial pressure for being present on this special unit of energy.The purpose of the adjusting is, although in exhaust gas
Oxygen content change, will the oxygen partial pressure in cavity be maintained in specific or predetermined value.By being applied to
Pump electrode can change the oxygen partial pressure in cavity to upper voltage.It, can be by the pump voltage that is applied due to the pump
Actively influence gas concentration.
Although the sensor being known from the state of the art and the method for running these sensors have lot of advantages, this
A little sensors and the method still include improvement potentiality.The electrode of this special unit of pump electrode and energy may be with various sides
Formula is damaged.Known electrode condition for identification, the analysis method of such as impedance spectroscopy are costly and examine vehicle-mounted
Disconnected period is difficult to be performed.In addition, the impedance spectral method is in most cases related to single electrode, so without regard to system.
Summary of the invention
Therefore in the first aspect, a kind of method for determining the state of at least one component of sensor, institute are proposed
Sensor is stated for detecting at least one characteristic of the measurement gas in measurement gas compartment, the method is at least largely
The shortcomings that avoiding known method, and this method more particularly to allow to damage and/or aging identification reliable prediction, and
The method can execute during onboard diagnostics.
For detecting at least one characteristic of the measurement gas in measurement gas compartment, particularly in detection measurement gas
The sensor of the temperature of the share or measurement gas of gas componant has the sensor element of the characteristic for detecting measurement gas.
The sensor element has at least one first electrochemical cell.First electrochemical cell for example can be configured to pump unit.
First electrochemical cell include at least one first electrode, at least one second electrode and at least one connection first electrode with
The solid electrolyte of second electrode.The sensor element further has at least one second electrochemical cell.Second electrification
Learn unit can be configured to reference unit, especially can this special unit.Second electrochemical cell includes at least one third electrode.
Second electrochemical cell for example can have at least one the 4th electrode.Third electrode and/or the 4th electrode can be with the solids
Electrolyte connection.It is also contemplated that without the configuration of the 4th electrode.The electrode of first electrochemical cell and the second electrochemical cell
Electrode can for example combine in this way so that for example there is only three electrodes.The method that is itd is proposed the following steps are included:
A) at least one diagnostic value for adjusting the reference parameter of the component is set,
B) multiple measurements for adjusting the adjustable parameter of the component are detected for the diagnostic value in different time points
Multiple measured values of value and/or the execution parameter for adjusting the component,
C) at least one characteristic parameter, at least one described characteristic parameter are determined as the function with reference to parameter is
The diverging of the characteristic parameter of the diverging of multiple measured values of the adjustable parameter and/or the multiple measured values for executing parameter
Characteristic parameter,
D) state of the component is determined compared with diagnosing boundary value according to characteristic parameter.
The method step can be executed in the order illustrated.In principle, other sequences are also possible.In addition,
One or more or all method and steps can be repeated.In addition it is also possible in time completely or partially overlappingly or together
It is two or more in Shi Zhihang the method step.Other than mentioned method and step, the method can also include
Other method and step.
In principle, component can be understood as any element of sensor, the component especially selected from the following group: sensing
Device element, the second electrochemical cell, at least one electrode, at least one electrode to the electrode of, such as the second electrochemical cell to,
Or other components of the regulating loop of sensor.The state of component can be understood as functional status, especially damage or aging.Shape
The determination of state can be understood as detecting the information about the state, especially directly or indirectly related to the state of the component
Parameter or value.
In principle, sensor can be understood as arbitrary equipment, which is configured for detection and is especially for example measuring gas
The share of the gas componant in admixture of gas in such as such as engine exhaust gas pipeline of body room.The sensor for example can be
Broadband exhaust gas oxygensensor or NOx sensor.
The sensor element of at least one share for the gas componant in detection gas can be understood as such a
Element, the element are for example set up to the component part of sensor device, or can contribute to the gas componant of probe gas
Share.In terms of the possibility configuration of sensor element, however, it would be possible to refer to the above-mentioned prior art.The sensor element is especially
It can be ceramic sensor element, especially with the ceramic sensor element of layer structure.The sensor element especially can be
Flat ceramic sensor element.Qualitative detection can be understood as to the detection of at least one share of gas componant and/or determine
Measure the gas componant of detection gas.However in principle, sensor element can be configured for any physical spy of detection gas
Particle in property and/or chemical characteristic, such as the temperature and/or pressure and/or gas of gas.It is also able to detect other in principle
Characteristic.In principle, the gas can be arbitrary gas, such as exhaust gas, air, air fuel mixture or be also possible to one
Other gases of kind.The present invention can be particularly used to automotive field, so that the gas is more particularly to being air fuel
Mixture.Generally, measurement gas compartment can be understood as that there are the spaces of gas to be detected.The present invention can especially be used for machine
Motor-car technical field, so that the measurement gas compartment especially can be the exhaust piping of internal combustion engine.However, it is also possible to consider other
Using.
Within the scope of the present invention, electrode is generally understood as such a element, which can in this way and solid electrolytic
Matter contact, so that being able to maintain that electric current is constant by the solid electrolyte and electrode.Correspondingly, the electrode may include
Such a element can separate ions binding at the element into solid electrolyte and/or from solid electrolyte.Allusion quotation
Type, the electrode includes noble metal electrode, which for example can be used as metal-ceramic electrode and be applied in solid
It can otherwise connect on electrolyte or with solid electrolyte.Typical electrode material is platinum-ceramic electrode.However,
Other noble metals, such as gold or palladium also can be used in principle." first " and " second ", and the name of " third " and " the 4th "
It is used as merely naming and not representing especially about sequence and/or about whether there is also the information of other electrodes.
The gas of measurement gas compartment since first electrode can be loaded.First electrode especially can at least partly with
Measure gas compartment connection, first electrode for example can be directly by the gas of measurement gas compartment and/or can be by ventilative more
The gas of measurement gas compartment since hole protective layer is loaded.First electrode can for example be configured to external pump electrode.
Second electrode can be arranged at least one measurement cavity.Second electrode can for example be configured to internal pump electricity
Pole.Measurement cavity can be understood as the cavity inside sensor element, which can be configured for receiving the gas of gas
The deposit of ingredient.The measurement air can openly configuration completely or partially.The measurement cavity can be further by complete or portion
Divide filling, such as filled with porous media, such as porous aluminas.
The gas in measurement space since measurement cavity can be loaded by least one diffusion barrier.Diffusion barrier can
To be interpreted as the layer to consist of such materials, which promotes the diffusion of gas and/or fluid and/or ion, but inhibits gas
The flowing of body and/or fluid.The diffusion barrier especially can have the porous ceramics with the pore radius purposefully set
Structure.Diffusion barrier can have diffusional resistance, wherein diffusional resistance can be understood as such resistance, and diffusion barrier is with this
Resistance resists diffusion transport.
First electrode is connect by least one solid electrolyte with second electrode and constitutes the first electrochemical cell, especially
It is pump unit.By the way that voltage, especially pump voltage to be applied on the first and second electrodes, oxygen can be passed through into solid electrolytic
Matter is pumped into measurement cavity from the gas or is pumped out in the gas from measurement cavity.
Within the scope of the present invention, solid electrolyte is interpreted as having electrolyte properties, has ionic conduction characteristic
Object or object.Ceramiic solid electrolyte can be especially related to.The solid electrolyte also include the raw material of solid electrolyte simultaneously
And therefore include construction as so-called green compact (Gr ü nling) or ripe base (Braunling), the green compact or ripe base are being burnt
Just become solid electrolyte after knot.Solid electrolyte especially can be configured to solid electrolyte layer or by multiple solid electrolyte
Layer construction.Within the scope of the present invention, layer be interpreted as be located at other elements above, lower section or between extension in a planar form
The total quality of certain altitude.It is stable that solid electrolyte can especially be related to ceramic electrolyte, such as zirconium dioxide, especially yttrium
Zirconium dioxide (YSZ) and/or the zirconium dioxide (ScSZ) for adulterating scandium.It is preferred that solid electrolyte can be it is air-locked and/or can
To ensure the oxygen conveying of ion transmission, such as ionic formula.First and second electrodes especially can be region, such as that can be conductive
Metal coating that can be conductive, the metal coating can be applied at least one solid electrolyte and/or otherwise with
Solid electrolyte contact.By the way that voltage, especially pump voltage are applied on the first and second electrodes, it is particularly possible to pass through oxygen
Diffusion barrier is pumped into measurement cavity from the gas, or is pumped out in the gas from measurement cavity.
Third electrode can be configured to and measure the reference electrode that gas compartment dividually constructs.Third electrode can completely or
At least partly for example fluidly and/or by gas connecting means it is connect with reference gas room.Reference gas room is understood that
For the space inside sensor element, which is for example connected around the environment space of internal combustion engine.In the ring
Especially may exist air in the space of border.Reference gas room can especially be connect by solid electrolyte with measurement cavity.4th
Electrode can be configured to energy nernst electrode, which can be arranged in measurement cavity.
4th electrode can be configured to absolute electrode, however for example also can be configured to compound electrode.Therefore, the sensor
Element for example also can have only band, and there are three two electrochemical cells of electrode, wherein an electrode undertakes four electricity
The function of two electrodes in extremely.Pump unit and the function of reference unit can also for example use only one solid electrolyte
In the case of be implemented.
The sensor element can have heating element.Within the scope of the present invention, heating element is interpreted as such one
Kind of element, the element for by solid electrolyte and heated by electrodes at least their function temperature, preferably their operation
In temperature.Function temperature is such temperature, and solid electrolyte becomes able to conduction ion and the temperature about from the temperature
It is 350 DEG C.Running temperature is different from the function temperature, and running temperature is temperature when sensor element is usually run and is higher than
Function temperature.Running temperature for example can be 700 DEG C to 900 DEG C.Heating element may include heating region and conducting wire.In this hair
In bright scope, heating region be interpreted as heating element in layer structure with two longest main shafts of electrode in parallel
The region of overlapping.During operation, heating region is usually heated so that they are to distinguish more strongly than wire track.Example
Different heating can be such as achieved in: heating region has higher resistance compared with wire track.Heating region and/or conducting wire
Such as it is configured to resistive track and is heated by applying voltage.Heating element for example can be by platinum compounds or palladium compound system
It makes.
The sensor can have regulating loop.The regulating loop can have adjuster, such as pi regulator or PID tune
Save device.Within the scope of the present invention, regulating loop is interpreted as influencing physical parameter, closure itself in technical process
Effect process.It is important in this that current value (also referred to as actual value) feed back to adjusting dress, the regulating device continuously resists and
The deviation of theoretical value.Regulating loop can have controlled plant, regulating device and the actual value negative-feedback as adjustable parameter.
Adjustable parameter can be compared with the theoretical value as reference parameter.It can be inclined by the adjusting between actual value and theoretical value
Difference is supplied to regulating device, and desired dynamic of the regulating device according to the adjusting deviation corresponding to regulating loop is used for constitute
The execution parameter of controlled plant, also referred to as controling parameter.Within the scope of the present invention, controlled plant is interpreted as regulating loop
Part comprising adjustable parameter, regulating device should work to the adjustable parameter by executing parameter.The electrochemistry of sensor
Unit can be controlled plant.Such as voltage between the electrode of the second electrochemical cell can be measured, especially can nernst voltage.
Measured voltage can be compared with the theoretical value of the voltage.Pass through the pump between setting first electrode and second electrode
Electric current can be adjusted measured voltage onto theoretical value.This method is for example by the " machine of Konrad Reif (book-maker)
Sensor in motor-car " (second edition in 2012, the 160-165 pages) known.It can be with gas in order to adjust required pump electric current
The share of gas componant in body is proportional.
Can be at least one parameter selected from the following group with reference to parameter: reference voltage, for example theoretical this spy of energy are electric
Pressure, especially can nernst voltage predetermined value；Resistance in the theory of second electrochemical cell；Reference current, referring especially to pump electric current.It adjusts
Section parameter can be at least one parameter selected from the following group: virtual voltage on the second electrochemical cell is especially used
In the measurement for the oxygen partial pressure being present on the second electrochemical cell；Resistance in the reality of second electrochemical cell, especially
The measurement of temperature for the second electrochemical cell.Executing parameter can be at least one parameter selected from the following group: pump
Voltage, pump electric current, heater power.Within the scope of the present invention, statement " detection to measured value " is it will be appreciated that adjustable parameter
And/or execute parameter for example exported as measuring signal by sensor element and/or adjustable parameter and/or execute parameter by controlling
Device processing processed and/or assay and/or preservation.
It can be the pump electric current executed in parameter with reference to parameter.Voltage example on second electrochemical cell of sensor element
It such as can be adjustable parameter.Can be reference voltage and/or reference current with reference to parameter, for example can nernst voltage predetermined value.It is right
The execution parameter answered can be the pump voltage of the first electrochemical cell.
When carrying out temperature adjusting to sensor, the interior resistance of the second electrochemical cell for example can be adjusting ginseng
Amount.It can be resistance in the theory of the second electrochemical cell with reference to parameter, corresponding execution parameter can be heater power.
Multiple measured values of adjustable parameter for regulating member and/or the multiple measured values for executing parameter can be understood as
For the duplicate measurements of each diagnostic value being set.Here, repeatedly may include 5 times, 10 times, 20 times and survey more times
Amount.
In principle, diagnostic value can be understood as the value with reference to parameter, and the value is for example predetermined by the control device of sensor
And/or it can be predetermined.Diagnostic value can be and theoretical value value devious.The diagnostic value for example can be with reference to parameter
Imbalance or variation.It for example can be theoretical energy nernst voltage with reference to parameter.It, can be with reference to parameter in sensor normal operation
It is the energy nernst voltage of 425mV.In method and step a), it can make to become in the range of around real operating point with reference to parameter
Change, such as 425mV ± 50% or 300Ohm ± 25%.Especially also may be implemented asymmetrical variation range, for example, 50mV extremely
450mV (changes to 450mV from 50mV in the operating point of 425mV (280Ohm) in the range of 180Ohm to 340Ohm).
The setting of diagnostic value can be understood as one or more of the regulation to diagnostic value, predetermined, determining and change.Described
In the step a) of method, multiple diagnostic values, such as four diagnostic values, five diagnostic values or more can be set.It can be with
Setting is also referred to as the diagnostic value of mesh point (St ü tzstelle) in succession.Diagnostic value can continuously be set.Such as it can basis
Ramp function, especially voltage ramp continuously enlarge or reduce these diagnostic values.The quantity of these diagnostic values can with given in advance
It is fixed or can be related by the predetermined method duration.Can detecte at each of these diagnostic values adjustable parameter and/
Or execute multiple measured values of parameter.Such as 20 measurement points can be detected respectively for five diagnostic values.For these measurements
The time of measuring of each of point can be 250ms.Considering to calculate time and Induction Peried (Einschwingzeit)
In the case of, the total duration of the method may be between 20 seconds and 1 minute, and the method especially can be for about 30
Second.
Diagnostic value can be set in this way, so that a certain number of diagnostic values are in the first phase region of adjustable parameter simultaneously
And a certain number of diagnostic values are in second phase region, it can be realized reference ginseng in the first phase region
Stable regulation in amount can not achieve the stable regulation on reference parameter in the second phase region.In respective phase
The quantity of diagnostic value in region can be can be by predetermined and/or predetermined.Stable regulation is it is to be understood that adjust
The diverging of parameter is in by predetermined or can be by within predetermined boundary value.The width in first phase region is (also referred to as
Phase margin) can component to be regulated with sensor service life and/or damage it is related.Due to aging and/or damage,
It may change, especially limit phase margin, and will increase unstable adjusting in the case where reference parameter is located at boundary
Tendency.The execution parameter permission of new sensor is carried out stablizing on wide first area and quickly be adjusted as far as possible.For new
For sensor, can medially it select for this spy of the energy of normal operation executed between parameter, such as 200mV and 400mV
Voltage.In the case where sensor ageing or damage, the first area that can be realized stable regulation may be smaller and no longer can
It is enough real referring now to the adjusting near the standard theory value of parameter.For the sensor of serious aging, even if operating normally feelings
Under condition, signal may also have the diverging of fluctuation and increase.
Characteristic parameter can be understood as the measurement of adjustable parameter and/or execution parameter diverging.Characteristic parameter can be
At least one parameter selected from the following group: standard deviation, the standard deviation especially within a period；For easy fluctuationAnother measurement, especially amplitude (Spannweite), quartile are away from (Quantilsabstand)；
The offset (asymmetrical unstability) of feature average value, the frequency analysis of oscillation, the determination of especially characteristic frequency.Characteristic parameter
Determination can be understood as according to adjustable parameter detected and/or execute parameter be analyzed and evaluated and/or calculate.It is described true
It surely may include by adjustable parameter detected and/or executing parameter for each of diagnostic value and being added, and/or for examining
Each of disconnected value constitutes adjustable parameter detected and/or executes the average value of parameter.The determination especially includes determining
Standard deviation.
The characteristic parameter of diverging can include determining that this feature parameter compared with diagnosing boundary value and diagnose boundary value
Difference and/or deviation.Diagnosis boundary value can be characteristic parameter by predetermined or can be by predetermined theoretical value, such as institute
The theoretical value of the standard deviation of the adjustable parameter and/or execution parameter of detection.
Such as can in the case where multiple diagnostic values for characteristic parameter determined by each of diagnostic value it
Between carry out linear interpolation calculating.Can by the curvilinear motion process with for example be stored in control device by predetermined or
It can be compared by predetermined curvilinear motion process.Boundary point or the side of stable regulation can be determined according to curvilinear motion process
Battery limit (BL) domain.For the diagnostic value in the borderline region between first phase region and second phase region and for second phase area
For diagnostic value in domain, it can be observed that the increase of adjustable parameter detected and/or the diverging detected for executing parameter.
The reason of more serious diverging of the sensor of aging, may is that the oscillation in adjustment signal.Adjuster starts to fluctuate.Phase is abundant
Amount may be limited with the aging or damage of sensor and/or adjusting unit, so that sensor adjuster starts oscillation place
Point or region can be for this it is sensor ageing or damage measurement.
The method may include output steps, export the comparison result in the output step: for example in accordance with examining
Cut edge dividing value or above or below diagnosis boundary value.In the case where being more than diagnosis boundary value, warning, such as failure can be exported
Report and/or acoustic signal.Alternatively or additionally, the result can be stored in control device, such as control device
Data storage in.
The predicted value for failure and/or out-of-service time point can be determined compared with diagnostic value according to characteristic parameter.Cause
This, can be to avoid the failure except General Maintenance interval.It, can be by the time change of the comparison result for the prediction
Process, especially time change determine that the result of failure is compared with for adjuster, to carry out to possible failure pre-
It surveys.
In another aspect, a kind of computer program is proposed, which is configured for executing the method for the present invention
Each step.In addition, proposing a kind of electronic storage medium, it is stored on the electronic storage medium for executing present invention side
The computer program of method.In another aspect, a kind of electronic control unit is proposed, which includes having for holding
The electronic storage medium of the present invention of the computer program of row the method for the present invention.The electronic control unit is configured for setting
With reference at least one diagnostic value of parameter, this is used to adjust at least one component of sensor with reference to parameter, which is used for
At least one characteristic of measurement gas in detection measurement gas compartment.The electronic control unit is arranged in different time points
Ginseng is executed for multiple measured values of the adjustable parameter of regulating member and/or for regulating member for diagnostic value detection
Multiple measured values of amount.The electronic control unit is configured for determining at least one spy as the function with reference to parameter
Parameter is levied, at least one described characteristic parameter is characteristic parameter and/or the institute of the diverging of multiple measured values of the adjustable parameter
State the characteristic parameter for executing the diverging of multiple measured values of parameter.The electronic control unit be configured for according to characteristic parameter with
The comparison of diagnosis boundary value determines the state of component.In terms of defining with embodiment, the description of reference pair the method for the present invention.
In another aspect, propose it is a kind of for detect measurement gas compartment in measurement gas at least one characteristic,
The sensor of the temperature of share or measurement gas particularly for the gas componant in detection measurement gas.The sensor, which has, to be used
In the sensor element of the characteristic of detection measurement gas.The sensor element has at least one first electrochemical cell.First
Electrochemical cell includes at least one first electrode, at least one second electrode and at least one connection first electrode and second
The solid electrolyte of electrode.The sensor element further has at least one second electrochemical cell.Second electrochemical cell
Including at least one third electrode.In addition, the sensor has electronic control unit, which has for executing
The computer program of the present invention of the method for the present invention.In terms of defining with embodiment, the description of reference pair the method for the present invention.
Compared with known method and apparatus, the method and apparatus proposed is advantageous.There is adjusting, example for all
Such as PI adjusting or for by adjusting sensor of PID adjusting, a kind of onboard diagnostics may be implemented, which gives up for determining
The aging for the electrochemical cell that the participation of gas sensor is adjusted.Therefore countermeasure appropriate can be taken in operation, avoid running
The failure of period and keep downtime minimum.Compared with known method, method of the invention can be simply and rapidly
Determine the function of sensor.
Detailed description of the invention
Other optional details and feature of the invention are by obtaining being described below for preferred embodiment, in the accompanying drawings schematically
The preferred embodiment is shown.
Fig. 1 shows the schematic structure of inventive sensor；
Fig. 2 shows the schematic diagrames of the first and second phase ranges；
Fig. 3 A and 3B show the related variation with diagnostic value of the standard deviation of diverging for three states of sensor
Schematic diagram (Fig. 3 A), and the schematic diagram (Fig. 3 B) of the mathematics implementation based on mesh point；With
Fig. 4 A to C shows the variation with reference to parameter to nitrogen oxides signal, oxygen signal for three states of sensor
And the influence of adjustable parameter.
Specific embodiment
Fig. 1 shows the principle structure of sensor of the invention 110.Sensor 110 shown in FIG. 1 can be used for demonstrate,proving
The physical characteristic and/or chemical characteristic of measurement gas in bright measurement gas compartment, wherein can detecte one or more characteristics.
Below referring especially to the qualitative and/or quantitative detection of the gas componant to measurement gas, referring especially to the oxygen in measurement gas
The detection of gas share describes the present invention.Such as oxygen share can be detected in the form of partial pressure and/or percentage.However it is former
On then, it is also able to detect other kinds of gas componant, such as nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbon and/or hydrogen.However, substitution
Ground or other characteristics for being additionally also able to detect measurement gas.The present invention is more particularly to being used in automotive field
In, so that measurement gas compartment especially can be the exhaust pipe of internal combustion engine, gas especially exhaust gas is measured in the exhaust pipe.
As shown in Figure 1 schematically like that, exhaust gas can flow in sensor and (be indicated with direction arrow 112).
Sensor 110 has sensor element 114.Sensor element 114 can be configured to ceramic layer structure, such as below
As middle more detailed description.In embodiment shown in FIG. 1, sensor element 114 has solid electrolyte 116, the
One electrode 118, second electrode 120, third electrode 122 and the 4th electrode 124.Solid electrolyte 116 can be by solid electricity
Solve multiple ceramic layers composition of matter layer form or including multiple solid electrolyte layers.Solid electrolyte 116 is for example including pumping diaphragm
(Pumpfolie) or pump layer, intermediate coat or middle layer, heating film or heating layer, these films or layer are mutually stacked up and down.Sensor
Element 110 can have gas access path.The gas access path can have gas access holes, and the gas access holes is from admittedly
The surface of body electrolyte 116 extends in the inside of layer structure of sensor element 114.
First electrode 118 can be arranged on the surface of solid electrolyte 116.Since first electrode 118 can be loaded
The gas of measurement gas compartment 126.First electrode especially can at least partly be connect with measurement gas compartment, and first electrode is for example
It can direct measurement by the gas of measurement gas compartment 126 and/or since capable of being loaded by ventilative porous protective layer
The gas of gas compartment 126.First electrode 118 can for example be configured to external pump electrode.
Second electrode 120 can be arranged at least one measurement cavity 128.Second electrode 120 can be for example configured to
Internal pump electrode.Measuring cavity 128 can openly configuration completely or partially.Measure cavity 128 can further by completely or
It is partially filled with, such as is filled with porous media, such as porous aluminas.Measuring cavity 128 can be spread by least one
The gas of measurement gas compartment 126 since barrier is loaded.
First electrode 118 and second electrode 120 are connected by least one solid electrolyte 116 and constitute the first electrification
Learn unit 130, especially pump unit.It, can by the way that voltage, especially pump voltage to be applied in first electrode 118 and second electrode 120
Oxygen to be pumped into measurement cavity 128 across diffusion barrier from the gas or is pumped out to the gas from measurement cavity pump
In.
Third electrode 122 can be configured to and measure the reference electrode that gas compartment 126 dividually constructs.Third electrode 122
It can at least partly for example fluidly and/or by gas connecting means be connect with reference gas room 132.Reference gas room
132 can especially be connect by solid electrolyte 116 with measurement cavity 128.4th electrode 124 can be configured to can this special electricity
Pole, the energy nernst electrode can be arranged in measurement cavity 128.Third electrode 122 and the 4th electrode 124 can pass through at least one
A solid electrolyte 116 connects and constitutes the second electrochemical cell 134, especially can this special unit.
The pump electric current by the first electrochemical cell 130 can for example be set in this way by the first electrochemical cell 130, made
In measurement cavity 128 there are the condition of λ=1 or there are another known compositions.The composition is again by the second electrochemical cell
134 detect, mode is: the voltage V between measurement third electrode 122 and the 4th electrode 124N.Because in reference gas room
There are known gas compositions or the gas composition by excessive oxygen in 132, it is possible to be pushed away according to measured voltage
It is disconnected to go out to measure the composition in cavity 128.
Sensor element 114 can further have nitrogen oxides measuring unit 136, and the nitrogen oxides measuring unit is by cloth
It sets the 5th electrode 138 in the second measurement cavity, connecting by solid electrolyte and is arranged in reference gas room 132
6th electrode 140 is constituted.Therefore, sensor element 114 may include three electrodes pair: the electrode of the first electrochemical cell 130
To the electrode pair of the, electrode pair of the second electrochemical cell 134 and nitrogen oxides measuring unit 136.
Sensor 110 can have regulating loop.Regulating loop can have adjuster, such as PI or PID regulator.It should
Regulating loop can have the negative-feedback of controlled plant, regulating device and the actual value as adjustable parameter.It can will adjust
Parameter with as reference parameterTheoretical value be compared.It can will be between actual value and theoretical value
Adjusting deviation be supplied to regulating device, the regulating device according to the adjusting deviation correspond to regulating loop desired dynamic
Constitute the execution parameter for controlled plant, also referred to as controling parameter.The electrochemical cell of sensor 114 can be adjusting pair
As.Such as voltage between the 4th electrode 124 and third electrode 122 can be measured, especially can nernst voltage.It can will be measured
Energy nernst voltage with can the theoretical value of nernst voltage be compared.By between setting first electrode 118 and second electrode 120
Pump electric current, measured energy nernst voltage can be adjusted in the theoretical value of the energy nernst voltage.This method for example by
" sensor in motor vehicle " (second edition in 2012, the 160-165 pages) of Konrad Reif (book-maker) is known.In order to adjust
Pump electric current can be proportional to the share of the gas componant in the gas required for section.
Sensor 110 includes electronic control unit 142, which is configured for setting and refers to parameter extremely
A few diagnostic value, this is used to adjust at least one component of sensor 114 with reference to parameter.Electronic control unit 142 is set up
For in different time points for the diagnostic value come detect the adjustable parameter for adjusting the component multiple measured values and/
Or multiple measured values of the execution parameter for adjusting the component.Electronic control unit 142 is configured for as the ginseng
The function of parameter is examined to determine that at least one characteristic parameter, at least one described characteristic parameter are multiple surveys of the adjustable parameter
The characteristic parameter of the diverging of the characteristic parameter of the diverging of magnitude and/or the multiple measured values for executing parameter.Electronic control dress
142 are set to be configured for determining the state of component compared with diagnosing boundary value according to characteristic parameter.
It can be at least one parameter selected from the following group: this spy of reference voltage, for example theoretical energy with reference to parameter
Voltage, especially can nernst voltage predetermined value；Resistance in the theory of second electrochemical cell；Reference current, referring especially to pump electric current.
Adjustable parameter can be at least one parameter selected from the following group: virtual voltage on the second electrochemical cell, especially
Measurement for the oxygen partial pressure being present on the second electrochemical cell；Resistance in the reality of second electrochemical cell, especially
It is the measurement for the temperature of the second electrochemical cell.Executing parameter can be at least one parameter selected from the following group:
Pump voltage, pump electric current, heater power.Energy nernst voltage on second electrochemical cell 134 for example can be adjustable parameter.Ginseng
Examining parameter can be energy nernst voltage predetermined value.In the normal operation of sensor, 425mV for example can be with reference to parameter.It is right
The execution parameter answered can be the pump voltage of the first electrochemical cell 130.The case where carrying out temperature adjusting to sensor 114
Under, the interior resistance of the second electrochemical cell 134 for example can be adjustable parameter.It can be the second electrochemical cell with reference to parameter
Resistance in 134 theory, resistance is for example in normal operation in the range of 230 Ω in the theory.Corresponding execution parameter
It can be heater power.
Diagnostic value can be set in this way, so that a certain number of diagnostic values are in the first phase region 144 of adjustable parameter
In and a certain number of diagnostic values are in second phase region 146, can be realized in the first phase region
Stable regulation onto reference parameter can not achieve the stable regulation on reference parameter in the second phase region.?
The quantity of diagnostic value in respective phase region can be by predetermined and/or be predetermined.In the case where stable regulation, adjust
The diverging of section parameter may be at by predetermined or can be by predetermined boundary value.Fig. 2 shows as adjustable parameter VReg
Function first phase region 144 and second phase region 146 schematic diagram.
The width in first phase region 144 can component to be regulated with sensor 114 service life and/or damage
It is related.Due to aging and/or damage, it may change, especially limit phase margin, and be located at the feelings of boundary in reference parameter
It will increase the tendency of unstable adjusting under condition.The execution parameter of new sensor can permit to be stablized on wide first area
It quickly adjusts as far as possible.For new sensor, the execution parameter for normal operation, such as can be medially selected
Energy nernst voltage between 200mV and 400mV.Such as it can choose operating point W at the middle part of first phase region 144p.It is passing
In the case where sensor aging or damage, the first area where can be realized stable regulation may be smaller, and is no longer able to reality
Referring now to the adjusting near the standard theory value of parameter.For the sensor of serious aging, even if under normal operating conditions
Signal may also have the diverging of fluctuation and increase.
Electronic control unit 142 can be configured for executing for the diagnostic value that is each set adjustable parameter and/or
The duplicate measurements of parameter is executed, such as 5 times, 10 times, 20 times and is measured more times.Characteristic parameter can be to be selected from the following group
At least one parameter out: standard deviation, standard deviation especially in a period of time；Another measurement of easy fluctuation,
Especially amplitude, quartile away from；The displacement (asymmetrical unstability) of feature average value, the frequency analysis of fluctuation, especially feature frequency
The determination of rate.
Fig. 3 A for sensor 114 three states show diverging standard deviation with diagnostic value VsRelated variation
Schematic diagram.Diagnostic value can be and theoretical value value devious.Diagnostic value for example can be the imbalance or variation with reference to parameter.Ginseng
It examines parameter for example and can be theoretical energy nernst voltage.In the normal operation of sensor, with reference to parameter can be 425mV energy this
Special voltage.Electronic control unit can be configured for making to change in the range of around real operating point with reference to parameter, such as
425mV ± 50% or 300Ohm ± 25%.Asymmetrical variation range especially also may be implemented, for example in 50mV to 450mV
(450mV is changed to from 50mV in the operating point of 425mV (280Ohm) in the range of 180Ohm to 340Ohm).Curve
148 show for new sensor and diagnostic value VsThe standard deviation of related diverging.Curve 150 shows the biography for aging
Sensor, with diagnostic value VsThe standard deviation of related diverging.Curve 152 show for serious aging sensor, with examine
Disconnected value VsThe standard deviation of related diverging.The boundary point of stable regulation moves with the increase of the service life.
For example, it can be set to multiple diagnostic values.Fig. 3 B is for new sensor (curve 154), the sensor (curve of aging
156) and the sensor of serious aging (curve 158) shows the schematic diagram of the mathematics implementation according to five mesh points.So
And also it is contemplated that the diagnostic value of setting five or more.These diagnostic values can be set in succession.These diagnostic values can continuous quilt
Setting.Such as these diagnostic values can be continuously enlarged or reduced according to ramp function, especially voltage ramp.The number of these diagnostic values
Amount can with by predetermined or can be related by the predetermined method duration.It can be at each of these diagnostic values
It detects adjustable parameter and/or executes multiple measured values of parameter.Such as 20 measurements can be detected respectively for five diagnostic values
Point.Time of measuring for each of these measurement points can be 250ms.Considering to calculate time and Induction Peried
(Einschwingzeit) in the case where, the total duration of the method be may be between 20 seconds and 1 minute, the method
It especially can be for about 30 seconds.Such as it can be carried out between characteristic parameter determined by each of these diagnostic values
Linear interpolation calculates.Can by the curvilinear motion process be for example stored in control device by predetermined or can be pre-
Given curvilinear motion process is compared.Boundary point or the frontier district of stable regulation can be determined according to curvilinear motion process
Domain.For the diagnostic value in the borderline region between first phase region and second phase region and in second phase region
Diagnostic value for, it can be observed that adjustable parameter detected and/or it is detected execute parameter diverging increase.Aging
Sensor more serious diverging the reason of may is that oscillation in adjustment signal.Adjuster starts to fluctuate.Phase margin can
Can with sensor and/or adjust unit aging or damage and be limited so that sensor adjuster start vibrate when point or
Region can be sensor ageing or damage the measurement.
Fig. 4 A to 4C is used as time t for three states (i.e. new 160, aging 162 and serious aging 162) of sensor
Function the variation with reference to parameter is shown to nitrogen oxides signal (NOx), oxygen signal (O2) and adjustable parameter VsInfluence
Schematic diagram.Theoretical energy nernst voltage is 425mV in Figure 4 A, and theoretical energy nernst voltage is 225mV in figure 4b, and in figure 4 c
Energy nernst voltage is much smaller than 225mV.In the case where new sensor, can will nernst voltage adjusted in wide phase range
At constant, and with the increase of the service life, the sensor sheet of aging reveals more and more unstable characteristic.Fig. 4 A to 4C shows
Out, the unstability of adjuster may also have an impact nitrogen oxides signal and oxygen signal.
Claims (14)
1. the method for the state of at least one component for determining sensor (110), the sensor is for detecting measurement gas
At least one characteristic of measurement gas in body room (126), wherein the sensor (110) has for detecting the measurement
At least one sensor element (114) of the characteristic of gas, wherein the sensor element (114) have at least one first
Electrochemical cell (130), wherein first electrochemical cell (130) includes at least one first electrode (118), at least one
The solid electrolyte of a second electrode (120) and at least one the connection first electrode (118) and the second electrode (120)
(116), wherein the sensor element (114) further has at least one second electrochemical cell (134), wherein described
Second electrochemical cell (134) includes at least one third electrode (122), wherein be the described method comprises the following steps:
A) at least one diagnostic value for adjusting the reference parameter of the component is set；
B) in different time points for the diagnostic value detection for adjust the component adjustable parameter multiple measured values and/
Or multiple measured values of the execution parameter for adjusting the component；
C) at least one characteristic parameter is determined as the function with reference to parameter, at least one described characteristic parameter is described
The feature of the diverging of the characteristic parameter of the diverging of multiple measured values of adjustable parameter and/or the multiple measured values for executing parameter
Parameter；
D) state of the component is determined compared with diagnosing boundary value according to the characteristic parameter.
2. according to the method described in claim 1, wherein, determined compared with the diagnostic value according to the characteristic parameter for
The predicted value of failure and/or out-of-service time point.
3. method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the characteristic parameter is selected from the following group
At least one parameter: standard deviation；For another measurement of easy fluctuation, especially amplitude, quartile away from；Feature average value it is inclined
It moves, the frequency analysis of fluctuation, the especially determination of characteristic frequency.
4. method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the multiple diagnostic values of setting in step a).
5. according to the method described in claim 4, wherein, the diagnostic value is set in this way, so that at a certain number of diagnostic values
In the first phase region of the adjustable parameter and a certain number of diagnostic values are in second phase region, in institute
It states and can be realized the stable regulation with reference on parameter in first phase region, it cannot be real in the second phase region
Now to the stable regulation with reference on parameter.
6. method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein described with reference to parameter is selected from the following group
At least one parameter: reference voltage, such as it is theoretical can nernst voltage, especially can nernst voltage predetermined value；Second electrochemistry
Resistance in the theory of unit (134)；Reference current, referring especially to pump electric current.
7. according to the method described in claim 6, wherein, the parameter that refers to is theoretical energy nernst voltage, wherein is walked in method
It is rapid a) in make it is described with reference to parameter around real operating point region in change.
8. according to the method described in claim 7, wherein, described with reference to parameter is the pump electric current for executing parameter.
9. method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the adjustable parameter is selected from the following group
At least one parameter: the reality of virtual voltage, second electrochemical cell (134) on second electrochemical cell (134)
The pump electric current of resistance, second electrochemical cell in border.
10. according to aforesaid right any one of want described in method, wherein it is described execute parameter be from selected in the following group to
A few parameter: pump voltage, pump electric current, heater power.
11. computer program is configured for executing each step of method according to any one of the preceding claims
Suddenly.
12. electronic storage medium is stored with computer program according to claim 11 on it.
13. electronic control unit (142) comprising electronic storage medium according to claim 12, wherein the electronics
Control device (142) is configured at least one diagnostic value that setting refers to parameter, described to be used to adjust sensing with reference to parameter
At least one component of device (110), the sensor are used to detect at least one characteristic of the measurement gas in measurement gas compartment,
Wherein, the electronic control unit (142) is configured for detecting for the diagnostic value for adjusting in different time points
State multiple measured values of the adjustable parameter of component and/or multiple measured values of the execution parameter for adjusting the component, wherein
The electronic control unit (142) is configured for determining at least one characteristic parameter as the function with reference to parameter,
At least one described characteristic parameter is the characteristic parameter of the diverging of multiple measured values of the adjustable parameter and/or described executes ginseng
The characteristic parameter of the diverging of multiple measured values of amount, wherein the electronic control unit (142) is configured for according to the spy
Sign parameter determines the state of the component compared with diagnosing boundary value.
14. sensor (110) is used to detect at least one characteristic of the measurement gas in measurement gas compartment (126), the biography
Sensor includes the sensor element (114) for detecting the characteristic of the measurement gas, wherein the sensor element (114)
With at least one the first electrochemical cell (130), wherein first electrochemical cell (130) include at least one first
Electrode (118), at least one second electrode (120) and at least one connection first electrode (118) and the second electrode
(120) solid electrolyte (116), wherein the sensor element (114) further has at least one second electrochemistry list
First (134), wherein second electrochemical cell (134) includes at least one third electrode (122), wherein the sensor
It further include electronic control unit according to claim 13 (142).
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| CN101517405A (en) * | 2006-09-11 | 2009-08-26 | Vsl国际股份公司 | Method and sensor for determining passivation property of mixture containing at least concrete and water |
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