CN108982285A - 一种纳米复合阻燃剂对沥青阻燃效果评价方法 - Google Patents

一种纳米复合阻燃剂对沥青阻燃效果评价方法 Download PDF

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CN108982285A
CN108982285A CN201810969915.1A CN201810969915A CN108982285A CN 108982285 A CN108982285 A CN 108982285A CN 201810969915 A CN201810969915 A CN 201810969915A CN 108982285 A CN108982285 A CN 108982285A
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许涛
王斯文
张韩帅
夏文静
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Abstract

本发明是一种纳米复合阻燃剂对沥青阻燃效果评价方法,属于阻燃技术领域,解决目前氧指数、水平和竖直燃烧等其它常用试验方法难以全面、客观评价纳米复合阻燃剂对沥青阻燃效果的问题。首先,按照一定比例加入纳米复合阻燃剂,制备沥青和阻燃改性沥青锥形量热仪试样;然后,用锡箔包裹试样的底面和四周侧面,用钢网栅压在试样上面;接着,分别测试不同热辐照功率下沥青和添加纳米复合阻燃剂的改性沥青样品点燃时间、热释放速率、有效燃烧热、质量损失速率、发烟量、烟气毒性;最后,试样燃烧结束后,分析试验结果,比较纳米复合阻燃剂对沥青样品燃烧各参数的影响,评价纳米复合阻燃剂对沥青的阻燃、抑烟效果,为研发高效纳米复合阻燃剂提供依据。

Description

一种纳米复合阻燃剂对沥青阻燃效果评价方法
技术领域
本发明是一种纳米复合阻燃剂对沥青阻燃效果评价方法,属于阻燃沥青技术领域。
背景技术
沥青可燃性是隧道沥青路面面临的一个重大安全问题,为了使沥青路面在充分发挥自身优点的同时也能达到隧道内特殊的路面环境的要求,即阻燃性要求,研究人员主要采取在沥青路面中掺加各种不同阻燃剂、抑烟剂的方法来减少或延缓隧道火灾过程沥青路面产生的热和有毒烟气,尽量减少沥青路面热分解并参与燃烧,提高隧道沥青路面火灾安全性。
但是,目前针对沥青阻燃性能的评价还没有统一的规范要求,国内外研究者在评价沥青的阻燃效果时大都采用极限氧指数法、水平燃烧法、垂直燃烧法与烟箱法等,虽然成本低,试验比较容易,但是试验条件与实际火灾工况相差比较大,试验结果只能应用于一定试验条件下材料之间阻燃性能的对比研究,不能作为评价阻燃材料在真实火灾环境中阻燃效果的依据。虽然大型实物燃烧试验能够客观反映阻燃材料的阻燃效果,试验结果真实,但是成本高,试验复杂。因此,不可能对所有材料进行大型实物燃烧试验。
锥形量热仪试验可以测得点燃时间、燃烧时间、总热释放量、总耗氧量、总烟释放量、质量损失、平均比质量损失速率、热释放速率、有效燃烧热、质量损失速率、比消光面积、一氧化碳产量以及二氧化碳产量等材料燃烧性能参数,试验环境与实际火灾工况很相似,试验结果与大型实物燃烧试验结果之间存在非常好的相关性,因此,基于锥形量热仪试验的纳米复合阻燃剂对沥青的阻燃效果评价方法可很好的评价火灾过程中阻燃剂对沥青的阻燃效果,为阻燃剂研发提供科学依据。
但是,目前采用的阻燃剂粒径多是微米级,成分较单一,难以满足沥青阻燃要求,主要采用氧指数、水平和竖直燃烧等常用试验方法评价阻燃效果,没有基于锥形量热仪试验纳米复合阻燃剂对沥青阻燃效果评价方法,难以客观评价纳米复合阻燃剂对沥青材料的阻燃效果,为研发高效的纳米复合阻燃剂提供了理论依据。鉴于此,本发明提供一种基于锥形量热仪试验的纳米复合阻燃剂对沥青阻燃效果评价方法,提高沥青材料火灾安全性。
发明内容
(1)技术问题
本发明目的是提供一种纳米复合阻燃剂对沥青阻燃效果评价方法,该方法可以测得纳米复合阻燃剂对沥青点燃时间、热释放速率、质量损失速率、烟生成速率、有效燃烧热等性能参数,解决目前氧指数、水平和竖直燃烧等其它常用试验方法难以全面、客观评价纳米复合阻燃剂对沥青阻燃效果的问题,从而为纳米复合阻燃剂研发提供依据。
(2)技术方案
鉴于目前氧指数、水平和竖直燃烧等其它常用试验方法难以全面、客观评价纳米复合阻燃剂对沥青阻燃效果的问题,本发明提供一种纳米复合阻燃剂对沥青阻燃效果评价方法。本发明技术方案如下:首先,按照一定比例加入纳米复合阻燃剂,制备沥青和阻燃改性沥青试样;然后,用铝箔包裹试样的底面和四周侧面,用不锈钢网栅压在试样上面;然后,分别测试不同热辐照功率下沥青和纳米复合阻燃改性沥青样品点燃时间、热释放速率、有效燃烧热、质量损失速率、发烟量、烟气毒性等参数;最后,试样燃烧结束后分析试验结果,比较纳米复合阻燃剂对沥青样品燃烧性能的影响,评价纳米复合阻燃剂对沥青的阻燃、抑烟效果。
(3)有益效果
阻燃沥青的研究有着广阔的应用前景。本发明提供的纳米复合阻燃剂使用效果评价方法,从沥青燃烧的热释放速率、质量损失速率、烟生成速率、有效燃烧热、点燃时间以及关于燃烧气体的毒性和腐蚀性等众多参数评价纳米复合阻燃剂使用效果,实验环境与真实火灾情况相近。解决其他试验方法操作环境与真实火灾相差较大,试验获得的数据也只能用于一定试验条件下材料间燃烧性能的相对比较的问题。
根据本发明提供的专利技术,通过产学研相结合,积极与相关企业合作,能够开发出具有自主知识产权的基于锥形量热仪的纳米复合阻燃剂使用效果评价方法,能够更科学准确的评价纳米复合阻燃剂阻燃效果。为公路隧道及城市地下通道沥青路采用阻燃沥青路面的阻燃效果评价提供了理论依据;同时,为改善隧道及城市地下通道沥青路面长期使用性能提供了依据,能提高沥青路面火灾安全性和耐久性,节约运营成本,具有较好的经济效益。
具体实施方式
本发明提供一种纳米复合阻燃剂对沥青阻燃效果评价方法,具体实施步骤如下:
(1)将沥青加热至165℃,按照一定比例加入不同掺量的纳米复合阻燃剂,制得阻燃改性沥青;
(2)采用沥青和添加不同掺量纳米复合阻燃改性沥青,制备10cm×10cm×1cm试样,用锡箔包裹试样的底面和四周侧面,以免减少试样质量损失,并用钢网栅压在试样上面,避免试样翘曲和膨胀;
(3)在沥青和添加不同掺量纳米复合阻燃改性沥青的试样底面垫矿棉纤维毯,模拟沥青路面上发生火灾时,沥青受热工况及边界条件;
(4)分别测得不同热辐照功率下沥青和添加不同掺量纳米复合阻燃改性沥青样品引燃时间、热释放速率、质量损失速率、有效燃烧热、比消光面积、生烟速率、生烟总量和烟气成分,每个样品进行3次平行试验;
(5)试样燃烧结束以后再采集2min试验数据,烟气成分分析仪继续工作10min,关掉量热仪排风管和锥形加热器,当加热器冷却至室温再关掉水源,确保所测样品已完全熄灭;
(6)比较不同掺量纳米复合阻燃剂对沥青样品引燃时间、热释放速率、有效燃烧热、质量损失速率、发烟量、烟气毒性的影响,评价纳米复合阻燃剂对沥青的阻燃、抑烟效果。

Claims (1)

1.一种纳米复合阻燃剂对沥青阻燃效果评价方法,其特征在于该方法的具体步骤如下:
(1)将沥青加热至165℃,按照一定比例加入不同掺量的纳米复合阻燃剂,制得阻燃改性沥青;
(2)采用沥青和添加不同掺量纳米复合阻燃改性沥青,制备10cm×10cm×1cm试样,用锡箔包裹试样的底面和四周侧面,以免减少试样质量损失,并用钢网栅压在试样上面,避免试样翘曲和膨胀;
(3)在沥青和添加不同掺量纳米复合阻燃改性沥青的试样底面垫矿棉纤维毯,模拟沥青路面上发生火灾时,沥青受热工况及边界条件;
(4)分别测得不同热辐照功率下沥青和添加不同掺量纳米复合阻燃改性沥青样品引燃时间、热释放速率、质量损失速率、有效燃烧热、比消光面积、生烟速率、生烟总量和烟气成分,每个样品进行3次平行试验;
(5)试样燃烧结束以后再采集2min试验数据,烟气成分分析仪继续工作10min,关掉量热仪排风管和锥形加热器,当加热器冷却至室温再关掉水源,确保所测样品已完全熄灭;
(6)比较不同掺量纳米复合阻燃剂对沥青样品引燃时间、热释放速率、有效燃烧热、质量损失速率、发烟量、烟气毒性的影响,评价纳米复合阻燃剂对沥青的阻燃、抑烟效果。
CN201810969915.1A 2018-08-21 2018-08-21 一种纳米复合阻燃剂对沥青阻燃效果评价方法 Pending CN108982285A (zh)

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CN113125298A (zh) * 2021-05-17 2021-07-16 中国计量大学 一种沥青烟密度测定装置及制样方法
CN114460134A (zh) * 2022-01-20 2022-05-10 广东省建筑材料研究院有限公司 一种评价饰面型防火涂料阻燃性能的检测装置及检测方法

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CN114460134A (zh) * 2022-01-20 2022-05-10 广东省建筑材料研究院有限公司 一种评价饰面型防火涂料阻燃性能的检测装置及检测方法

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