Linear driving circuit of LED lighting lamp
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of LED lighting, in particular to a linear driving circuit of an LED lighting lamp.
Background
The LED light source has the advantages of environmental protection, energy conservation, long service life, low driving voltage and the like, and is recognized as the most promising lighting source in the twenty-first century. Due to the limitation of factors such as cost, lamp size, EMI interference and the like, in recent years, medium and low power LED lighting lamps such as bulb lamps, light tubes, ceiling lamps, spot lamps and the like mostly adopt a linear driving mode. The traditional LED linear driving circuit with capacitor filtering mainly comprises a FUSE, a voltage dependent resistor VR, a bridge rectifier BR, a filter capacitor C, a series LED chip set, an LED working current sampling resistor Rs, a current amplifier CA and a reference voltage source VrefThe adjusting tube Q, the bias circuit and the like, as shown in figure 2. Although this type of linear driving circuit has the advantages of few components, low cost and small EMI, it can only work in the power supply situation where the AC input voltage varies by no more than 5%, such as the LED chip set selected according to the 220V input voltage when the AC input voltage U is equal toINWhen the voltage is higher, the Q drain-source voltage V of the regulating tube is adjustedDSThe synchronous increase not only reduces the power efficiency rapidly, but also increases the temperature of the adjusting tube Q, and leads to the overheating and damage of the adjusting tube Q in serious cases; on the other hand, when the input voltage U isINLow, bridge rectifier BR output voltage VINLess than the working voltage V of the series LED chip setFWhen the current flowing through the series LED chip set is reduced, a serious stroboscopic phenomenon occurs. Thirdly, the filter capacitor C has large capacity, the surge current is large at the moment of electrifying, and the AC is possibly required to be carried outThe input circuit is provided with a thermistor with low series reliability.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome at least one of the above drawbacks of the prior art, a linear driving circuit for an LED lighting device with high light efficiency is provided.
The circuit comprises an input protection circuit, a bridge rectifier, a constant current control circuit and an overvoltage turn-off circuit;
the constant-current control circuit consists of an energy storage capacitor C1, a series LED chip set, an LED working current sampling resistor RS, a current amplifier CA, a reference voltage source, an adjusting tube Q1 and a bias circuit 1; the overvoltage shutoff circuit consists of a first voltage sampling resistor R1, a second voltage sampling resistor R2, a high-frequency filter capacitor C2, a comparator CP, a power switch tube Q2, a bias circuit 2 and a lightning protection device VR 2; the input protection circuit consists of a FUSE and a voltage dependent resistor VR 1;
the positive pole of the energy storage capacitor C1 is connected with the positive output end V of the bridge rectifier BRINThe negative electrode is connected with the negative end GNDS of the constant current control circuit; bias circuit 1 for supplying current amplifier CA and reference voltage Vref1Providing a bias power supply with its positive terminal connected to the positive output terminal V of the bridge rectifier BRINThe negative end is connected with the negative end GNDS of the constant current control circuit; positive output end V of series LED chip set positive end connected bridge rectifier BRINThe negative end is connected with the drain D of the adjusting tube Q1; one end of the current sampling resistor RS is connected with the source electrode S of the adjusting tube Q1, and the other end is connected with the negative end GNDS of the constant current control circuit; the inverting input end of the current amplifier CA is connected with the source S of the regulating tube Q1, and the non-inverting input end is connected with the reference power supply Vref1The output end of the regulating tube Q1 is connected with the grid G of the regulating tube Q1;
one end of a first voltage sampling resistor R1 of the overvoltage turn-off circuit is connected with a drain D of the regulating tube Q1, namely the negative end of the LED series chip set, and the other end of the first voltage sampling resistor R1 is connected with the inverting input end of the comparator CP; one end of the second voltage sampling resistor R2 is connected with the inverting input end of the comparator CP, and the other end is connected with the negative end GND of the bridge rectifier BR; the high-frequency filter capacitor C2 is connected in parallel with two ends of the second voltage sampling resistor R2; the in-phase input end of the comparator CP is connected with a reference power supply Vref2The output end of the comparator CP is connected with the grid G of the switching tube Q2; switch with a switch bodyThe drain D of the tube Q2 is connected with the negative end GNDS of the constant current control circuit, and the source S is connected with the negative end GND of the bridge rectifier BR; the bias circuit 2 supplies the comparator CP and the reference voltage Vref2Providing a bias power supply with its positive terminal connected to the positive output terminal V of the bridge rectifier BRINAnd the negative end is connected with the negative end GND of the bridge rectifier BR.
Preferably, the power switch Q2 in the overvoltage shutdown circuit is an N-channel power MOS transistor.
Preferably, each set of series-connected LED chips includes at least one LED chip.
Preferably, one end of a FUSE of the input protection circuit is connected with an L end of a live wire of the alternating current input, the other end of the FUSE is connected with an alternating current access end of a bridge rectifier BR, and the other alternating current access end of the bridge rectifier BR is connected with an N end of a zero line of the alternating current input; two ends of the voltage dependent resistor VR1 are respectively connected with two alternating current access ends of the bridge rectifier BR.
Preferably, a lightning protection element, such as a voltage dependent resistor, a discharge tube or a TVS tube, may be connected in parallel between the drain and the source of the switching tube in the overvoltage turn-off circuit; the lightning protection element in the overvoltage turn-off circuit can be connected in series with a diode and a small capacitor with the capacity of 1 mu F-2.2 mu F between the drain D of the switch tube and the negative end GND of the rectifier bridge, and then the positive end of the bias circuit 2 is connected to the anode of the small capacitor. The concrete connection is as follows: the anode of the diode D2 is connected with the drain D of the switch tube Q2, and the cathode is connected with the anode of the capacitor C3; the negative electrode of the capacitor C3 is connected with the negative end GND of the bridge rectifier BR; the positive terminal of the bias circuit 2 is connected to the positive terminal of the capacitor C3.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the beneficial effects that: after an overvoltage shutoff circuit is introduced, when the voltage V at the end of the regulating tube Q1 is adjustedDSWhen the voltage is higher than the set turn-off voltage, for example, after 30V, the switching tube Q2 is forced to be turned off, so that the voltage at the end of the regulating tube Q1 is prevented from continuously rising, and the temperature rise of the constant-current control regulating tube Q1 can be controlled; under the condition that the number of the LED chips connected in series is certain, when the input voltage is changed in a larger range, the output power and the brightness of the LED lamp are basically kept unchanged, and the wide voltage input function is realized; under the condition of a certain input voltage, the number of the LED chips connected in series can be selected in a larger range; the power-on surge current is small and does not needA thermistor element with low reliability is connected in series in an alternating current input circuit.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an abstract of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a conventional linear driving circuit for a middle and small power LED lamp;
FIG. 3 is another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a voltage V at the end of the energy storage capacitor C1 according to the present inventionCTheoretical waveform;
FIG. 6 is a voltage V at the end of the energy storage capacitor C1 according to the present inventionCThe actual waveform.
Detailed Description
The drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as limiting the patent;
for the purpose of better illustrating the embodiments, certain features of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the size of an actual product;
it will be understood by those skilled in the art that certain well-known structures in the drawings and descriptions thereof may be omitted.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Example 1
Fig. 2 is a circuit structure of a conventional medium-low power LED lighting fixture, which includes an input protection circuit, a bridge rectifier, and a constant current control circuit.
Fig. 1 is a diagram for explaining an abstract, and includes an input protection circuit, a bridge rectifier, a constant current control circuit, and an overvoltage shutdown circuit.
The constant-current control circuit consists of an energy storage capacitor C1, a series LED chip set, an LED working current sampling resistor RS, a current amplifier CA, a reference voltage source, an adjusting tube Q1 and a bias circuit 1; the overvoltage shutoff circuit consists of a first voltage sampling resistor R1, a second voltage sampling resistor R2, a high-frequency filter capacitor C2, a comparator CP, a power switch tube Q2, a bias circuit 2 and a lightning protection device VR 2; the input protection circuit consists of a FUSE and a voltage dependent resistor VR 1;
the positive pole of the energy storage capacitor C1 is connected with the positive output end V of the bridge rectifier BRINThe negative electrode is connected with the negative end GNDS of the constant current control circuit; bias circuit 1 for supplying current amplifier CA and reference voltage Vref1Providing a bias power supply with its positive terminal connected to the positive output terminal V of the bridge rectifier BRINThe negative end is connected with the negative end GNDS of the constant current control circuit; positive output end V of series LED chip set positive end connected bridge rectifier BRINThe negative end is connected with the drain D of the adjusting tube Q1; one end of the current sampling resistor RS is connected with the source electrode S of the adjusting tube Q1, and the other end is connected with the negative end GNDS of the constant current control circuit; the inverting input end of the current amplifier CA is connected with the source S of the regulating tube Q1, and the non-inverting input end is connected with the reference power supply Vref1The output end of the regulating tube Q1 is connected with the grid G of the regulating tube Q1;
one end of a first voltage sampling resistor R1 of the overvoltage turn-off circuit is connected with a drain D of the regulating tube Q1, namely the negative end of the LED series chip set, and the other end of the first voltage sampling resistor R1 is connected with the inverting input end of the comparator CP; one end of the second voltage sampling resistor R2 is connected with the inverting input end of the comparator CP, and the other end is connected with the negative end GND of the bridge rectifier BR; the high-frequency filter capacitor C2 is connected in parallel with two ends of the second voltage sampling resistor R2; the in-phase input end of the comparator CP is connected with a reference power supply Vref2The output end of the comparator CP is connected with the grid G of the switching tube Q2; the drain D of the switch tube Q2 is connected with the negative end GNDS of the constant current control circuit, and the source S is connected with the negative end GND of the bridge rectifier BR; the bias circuit 2 supplies the comparator CP and the reference voltage Vref2Providing a bias power supply with its positive terminal connected to the positive output terminal V of the bridge rectifier BRINAnd the negative end is connected with the negative end GND of the bridge rectifier BR.
As an example, the power switch Q2 in the overvoltage shutdown circuit is an N-channel power MOS transistor.
As an example, each set of series LED chips comprises at least one LED chip.
As an example, one end of the FUSE of the input protection circuit is connected to the L end of the live wire of the ac input, the other end of the FUSE is connected to the ac access end of the bridge rectifier BR, and the other ac access end of the bridge rectifier BR is connected to the N end of the neutral wire of the ac input; two ends of the voltage dependent resistor VR1 are respectively connected with two alternating current access ends of the bridge rectifier BR.
As an example, as shown in fig. 3, a lightning protection element, such as a varistor, a discharge tube, or a TVS tube, may be connected in parallel between the drain and the source of the switching tube in the overvoltage shutdown circuit; the lightning protection element in the overvoltage turn-off circuit can be connected in series with a diode and a small capacitor with the capacity of 1 mu F-2.2 mu F between the drain D of the switch tube and the negative end GND of the rectifier bridge, and then the positive end of the bias circuit 2 is connected to the anode of the small capacitor. The concrete connection is as follows: the anode of the diode D2 is connected with the drain D of the switch tube Q2, and the cathode is connected with the anode of the capacitor C3; the negative electrode of the capacitor C3 is connected with the negative end GND of the bridge rectifier BR; the positive terminal of the bias circuit 2 is connected to the positive terminal of the capacitor C3.
As an example, as shown in FIG. 4, the first voltage sampling resistor R1 of the over-voltage turn-off circuit is connected to the positive output terminal V of the bridge rectifier BRINWhile the connection of the other elements remains unchanged.
In the specific implementation process, the working voltage of the series LED chip set is assumed to be V
FIndicating that the turn-off voltage is V
2And (4) showing. During half mains cycle when the output voltage V is rectified
IN<V
2When the comparator CP outputs high level, the switching tube Q2 is conducted, the energy storage capacitor C1 is charged, the series LED chip set emits light, and along with the increase of the instantaneous value of the alternating current input voltage, the voltage V at the end of the energy storage capacitor C1 is increased
CIs increasing continuously at V
C≥V
FUnder the condition, the working current of the series LED chip set
When the rectified output voltage V
IN≥V
2At the time, the voltage V at the end of the regulating tube Q1
DSWhen the voltage is higher than the set turn-off voltage, the comparator CP outputs a low level to force the switching tube Q2 to be turned off, so that the voltage at the end of the adjusting tube Q1 is prevented from continuously rising, and meanwhile, the energy storage capacitor C1 discharges to enable the LED chip set to continuously emit light; when the instantaneous value of the AC input voltage drops to a certain value, the rectified output voltage V
IN<V
2Voltage V at end of regulating tube Q1
DSWhen the voltage is less than the set turn-off voltage, the comparator CP outputs high level, the switching tube Q2 is triggered again to be conducted, the energy storage capacitor C1 is charged again, and when V is less than the set turn-off voltage
IN<V
CWhen the LED chip is in use, the rectifier diode in the bridge rectifier BR is cut off, and the energy storage capacitor C1 discharges again, so that the series LED chip set continuously emits light. In the next half of the mains supply period, when the instantaneous value of the AC input voltage is greater than the voltage V at the C end of the energy storage capacitor
CAt this time, the diode in the bridge rectifier BR is turned on, and so on. End voltage V of energy storage capacitor C1
CThe theoretical waveform is shown as the thick solid line in FIG. 5, V
CThe actual waveform is shown in fig. 6 as a thick solid line.
At the turn-off voltage V2Output power POUnder certain conditions, the capacity of the energy storage capacitor C1 is reasonably selected, so that the minimum end voltage V of the capacitor C1 can be ensured during the discharge period of the energy storage capacitor C1Cmin>VFThe working current of the series LED chip set is stable and unchanged, and the LED brightness without stroboflash or slight stroboflash is obtained.
At the moment of power-on, if the instantaneous value of the AC input voltage is greater than the turn-off voltage V2If the comparator CP outputs a low level, the switching tube Q2 is forced to be turned off, and the power-on surge current is effectively suppressed.
Example 2
In the following detailed implementation, it is assumed that in the 220V power supply state, the voltage V is turned off for improving the efficiency2Generally take (V)F+ 30-40V), then the voltage V2The corresponding time is as follows:
wherein U isINF is the frequency of the AC voltage.
When the instantaneous value of the alternating voltage is greater than the turn-off voltage V2, the switching tube Q2 is turned off, the energy storage capacitor C discharges electricity, and the end voltage V isCThe voltage V at the C end of the energy storage capacitor is reduced to t3CDown to V1To avoid stroboflash, it is obvious that V1Minimum value VFAnd the capacity of the energy storage capacitor C is increased.
Wherein P isOOutput power of the lamp, η driving power efficiency.
Assuming that the number of the serial LED chips is 66 and the working voltage of each chip is 3.2V, the working voltage V of the serial LED chip set is
F66 × 3.2.2-211.2V, and a turn-off voltage V
2Get (V)
F+35V), i.e. 246.2V, off voltage V2 for a corresponding time
The voltage V at the end of discharge at t3 of the voltage V at the end of the energy storage capacitor C1
CDown to V
1=V
FOutput power P
OIf 14.5W is taken and the efficiency η is 0.92, the capacity of the energy storage capacitor C1
A standard value of 10. mu.F was taken.
The input voltage sampling resistors R1 and R2 are controlled by the turn-off voltage V2And a reference voltage Vref2And (4) determining. Obviously, when the reverse input leakage current of the comparator CP is much smaller than the current flowing through the resistor R2, the ratio of the input voltage sampling resistors R1 and R2
The same or similar reference numerals correspond to the same or similar parts;
the terms describing positional relationships in the drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as limiting the patent;
it should be understood that the above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.