CN108961409B - Method for constructing 3D printing physical model based on oil reservoir three-dimensional geologic body - Google Patents
Method for constructing 3D printing physical model based on oil reservoir three-dimensional geologic body Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of 3D model construction, in particular to a method for constructing a 3D printing physical model based on an oil reservoir three-dimensional geologic body, which comprises the following steps: carrying out quantitative analysis on the three-dimensional structural characteristics of the oil reservoir; coarsening the oil reservoir three-dimensional geological model; after coarsening treatment, carrying out quantitative analysis on each layer of karst cave, karst cave and crack of the model; and after the similar criterion design and the karst cave equivalent size limit are determined, converting the karst cave system, the karst cave system and the fracture system into a three-dimensional vector model, and obtaining a 3D printing digital model of the oil reservoir three-dimensional geological model through data correction. According to the method, a set of new method system for 3D printing of the digital model of the three-dimensional geological model of the oil reservoir is constructed through step-by-step processing, parameter screening and similar criterion design, the method system can better represent the three-dimensional structure of the oil reservoir and better meet the actual requirements of the model.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of 3D model construction, in particular to a method for constructing a 3D printing physical model based on an oil reservoir three-dimensional geologic body.
Background
Reservoir geologic models are a high generalization of reservoir type, sand geometry, size, reservoir parameters and fluid property spatial distribution, as well as diagenesis and pore structure. In general terms, a reservoir geologic model is a combination of a data volume reflecting reservoir characteristics and a two-dimensional graphical display. The establishment of the oil reservoir geological model is the basis of the comprehensive evaluation of the oil reservoir, can reflect complex geological conditions such as oil reservoir forming conditions, distribution rules, oil-gas enrichment control factors and the like in a local area, can play a role in prediction in the exploration and development processes, and provides a basic framework for numerical simulation research of the oil reservoir.
The existing methods for constructing the 3D printing physical model of the oil reservoir have various advantages and disadvantages, and still need to be further improved.
In view of the above, the present invention is particularly proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for constructing a 3D printing physical model based on an oil reservoir three-dimensional geologic body, and provides a new construction system.
In order to achieve the above purpose of the present invention, the following technical solutions are adopted:
a method for constructing a 3D printing physical model based on an oil reservoir three-dimensional geologic body comprises the following steps:
carrying out quantitative analysis on the three-dimensional structural characteristics of the oil reservoir;
coarsening the oil reservoir three-dimensional geological model;
after coarsening treatment, carrying out quantitative analysis on each layer of karst cave, karst cave and crack of the model;
and after the similar criterion design and the karst cave equivalent size limit are determined, converting the karst cave system, the karst cave system and the fracture system into a three-dimensional vector model, and obtaining a 3D printing digital model of the oil reservoir three-dimensional geological model through data correction.
The invention provides a method for constructing a 3D printing physical model based on an oil reservoir three-dimensional geologic body, which comprises the steps of firstly carrying out quantitative analysis on three-dimensional structural characteristics of an oil reservoir, carrying out coarsening treatment, then carrying out quantitative analysis on karst caves, karst caves and cracks of each layer of the model, designing according to a similar criterion, determining the equivalent size limit of the karst caves, converting each system into a three-dimensional vector model, and modifying data to obtain a 3D printing digital model of the oil reservoir three-dimensional geologic model. The method comprises the steps of step-by-step processing, parameter screening and design according to similar criteria, and a set of new method system for 3D printing of the three-dimensional geological model of the oil reservoir is constructed, the method system can better represent the three-dimensional structure of the oil reservoir, and the actual requirements of the model can be better met.
In addition, the 3D printing digital model of the oil reservoir three-dimensional geological model obtained by the invention has high accuracy and directly participates in geological parameter modeling; the reaction speed is high, and the calculation time is saved by gridding coarsening; the cost is economic, and the physical labor is saved; the method is convenient for adjusting and optimizing the parameters and can carry out a great deal of research in a short period.
Further, the three-dimensional structural features of the oil reservoir comprise: and designing the size of the block model, the model grid, the proportion of each lithofacies in the model, the permeability of each lithofacies and the porosity distribution.
Further, according to the typical block fracture-cavity model karst cave, crack and karst pore distribution, a volume average method is adopted to coarsen the model mesh.
Further, for a model considering filling, a karst cave system of the fracture cave model, a karst cave system and a filling part of the fracture system are designed during 3D printing design;
and screening the three-dimensional geological model of the oil reservoir for the model without considering filling.
Further, screening the oil reservoir three-dimensional geological model as follows: and determining a porosity limit of the model.
Further, the similarity criterion is designed to: the physical model is designed to meet the requirements of geometric similarity, motion similarity and dynamic similarity.
Further, the similarity criterion design further comprises: and (4) carrying out similarity design on characteristic parameters of the oil reservoir three-dimensional geological model, wherein the well opening sequence, the production time and the liquid extraction amount in the experimental process are similar to those in the actual production.
Further, the geometric similarity is designed similarly mainly around the caverns.
Further, the geometric similarity also comprises filling degree and coordination number which are used as characteristic parameters of the three-dimensional geologic body of the oil reservoir for carrying out similar design.
Furthermore, the dynamic similarity is based on the Reynolds similarity criterion, and the model and experimental parameters are adjusted to ensure that the physical simulation is as close as possible to satisfy the ratio of pressure to gravity and the cubic law under a plurality of cracks.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) according to the method, a set of new method system for 3D printing of the digital model of the three-dimensional geological model of the oil reservoir is constructed through step-by-step processing, parameter screening and similar criterion design, the method system can better represent the three-dimensional structure of the oil reservoir and better meet the actual requirements of the model.
(2) The 3D printing digital model of the oil reservoir three-dimensional geological model obtained by the invention has high accuracy and directly participates in geological parameter modeling.
(3) The reaction speed is high, and the calculation time is saved by gridding coarsening.
(4) The cost is economical, and the physical labor is saved.
(5) The method is convenient for adjusting and optimizing the parameters and can carry out a great deal of research in a short period.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a 3D printing physical model constructed based on a reservoir three-dimensional geologic body in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a three-dimensional geological model of a reservoir in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating distribution and proportion of lithofacies of a three-dimensional model of an oil reservoir in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a permeability distribution diagram of a three-dimensional model of an oil reservoir in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a porosity profile of a three-dimensional model of a reservoir in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a three-dimensional geological model of the reservoir after the coarsening treatment in the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a diagram of each lithofacies distribution of a coarsened oil reservoir three-dimensional geological model in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 8 is a permeability distribution diagram of a three-dimensional geological model of an coarsened oil reservoir in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 9 is a porosity distribution diagram of the three-dimensional geological model of the oil reservoir after the coarsening treatment in the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 10 is a comparison graph of permeability and porosity of a three-dimensional geological model of an oil reservoir before and after coarsening treatment in the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 11 is a karst cave distribution diagram of different layers of the reservoir model after the coarsening treatment in the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a 2 nd layer karst cave distribution diagram of the three-dimensional geological model of the oil reservoir in the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 13 is a calculation diagram of equivalent radius of a karst cave at the 2 nd layer of the three-dimensional geological model of the oil reservoir in the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 14 is a 2 nd layer karst cave height distribution diagram of the oil reservoir three-dimensional geological model in the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of the proportion of each karst cave at the 2 nd layer of the three-dimensional geological model of the oil reservoir in the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 16 is a three-dimensional geological conceptual model of a reservoir of triple media in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 17 is a graph of pressure characteristics for different cavern sizes in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 18 is a three-dimensional vector model diagram of an oil reservoir of a solution cavity and solution pore system in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 19 is a three-dimensional vector model diagram of a reservoir for a fracture system in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 20 is a three-dimensional vector model diagram of a reservoir for a solution cavity, solution pore and fracture system in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 21 is a three-dimensional vector model STL format diagram of a reservoir for a solution cavity, solution pore and fracture system in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 22 is a correction diagram of a reservoir three-dimensional vector model Magics software of a karst cave, karst cave and fracture system in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 23 is a 3D printing model diagram of a reservoir three-dimensional geologic body in an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to examples, but it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the following examples are only illustrative of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.
The embodiment of the invention provides a method for constructing a 3D printing physical model based on an oil reservoir three-dimensional geologic body, which comprises the following steps of:
carrying out quantitative analysis on the three-dimensional structural characteristics of the oil reservoir;
coarsening the oil reservoir three-dimensional geological model;
after coarsening treatment, carrying out quantitative analysis on each layer of karst cave, karst cave and crack of the model;
and after the similar criterion design and the karst cave equivalent size limit are determined, converting the karst cave system, the karst cave system and the fracture system into a three-dimensional vector model, and obtaining a 3D printing digital model of the oil reservoir three-dimensional geological model through data correction.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) and (3) carrying out quantitative analysis on the three-dimensional structural characteristics of the oil reservoir according to a three-dimensional geological model (as shown in figure 2) of the oil reservoir. The designed block model size is 2809.91 × 2273.83 × 304.3m3The model mesh is 94 × 76 × 269. The proportion of each lithofacies in the model, and the permeability and porosity distribution of each lithofacies are shown in figures 3-5. Different colors represent different distributions. The same applies below.
(2) And coarsening the oil reservoir three-dimensional geological model.
The number of grids of the model before coarsening is too large, and geometric modeling is not easy to perform. And coarsening the model mesh by adopting a volume average method according to the karst cave, crack and karst pore distribution of the typical block fracture-cave model. FIG. 6 is a three-dimensional geological model of the reservoir after the coarsening treatment, and FIGS. 7 to 9 are lithofacies distribution, permeability distribution and porosity distribution of the three-dimensional geological model of the coarsening treatment reservoir, respectively. FIG. 10 is a comparison graph of permeability and porosity of a three-dimensional geological model of an oil reservoir before and after coarsening treatment.
After coarsening treatment, the model grid is 88 multiplied by 62 multiplied by 17, the relative error of geological reserves is 3.3 percent, and the requirement of engineering calculation is met.
(3) After the coarsening treatment, quantitative analysis is carried out on the karst caves, the karst holes and the cracks of each layer of the model (wherein, the distribution of the karst caves of each layer is shown in figure 11). In the figure, white represents a cavity and black represents a matrix.
In addition, the distribution of the karst cave at the 2 nd layer of the three-dimensional geological model of the oil reservoir is shown in figure 12; the 2 nd layer karst cave equivalent radius of the three-dimensional geological model of the oil reservoir is calculated and is shown in figure 13; the height distribution of the karst cave at the 2 nd position of the three-dimensional geological model of the oil reservoir is shown in figure 14, and the proportion schematic diagram of each karst cave at the 2 nd position of the three-dimensional geological model of the oil reservoir is shown in figure 15.
For a model considering filling, a fracture-cavity model karst cave system, a karst cave system and a fracture system filling part need to be designed during 3D printing design, and the printing model is complex. And for the model without considering filling, a reservoir three-dimensional geological model needs to be screened (model porosity boundary determination). Taking an oil reservoir three-dimensional geological model karst cave system as an example, the reserves in the karst cave before model screening are as follows:
in the formula: e1Selecting the reserve in the karst cave before the model is screened; soOil saturation,%;
is porosity; vvugiIs a porosity of
The volume of the karst cave; f. ofiIs a porosity of
And (4) karst cave distribution frequency.
The reserves in the karst cave after model screening are as follows:
in the formula:
is the porosity limit.
The geological reserves of the karst cave system are not changed before and after the model screening is considered, namely
The porosity threshold can be determined by calculation as
And the relative error of the reserves is 9.75 percent.
(4) And designing a similar rule. Based on the research and induction of the prior person on the physical simulation similarity criterion of the three-dimensional geologic body of the oil reservoir, the design of a physical model should meet the requirements of geometric similarity, motion similarity and power similarity, meanwhile, the similarity design should be carried out on the characteristic parameters of the three-dimensional geologic body of the oil reservoir, and the well opening sequence, the production time and the liquid extraction amount in the experimental process are similar to those in the real production.
For geometric similarity, a solution cavity in an oil reservoir is the most main oil storage space, and similar design is carried out around the solution cavity. As mentioned above, the physical model takes the hole diameter in the geological model as a reference and the reservoir control diameter as a boundary, and the fracture-hole structure in the reservoir control diameter in the geological model is scaled down in the 3D printing core, so that the size of the model karst cave is similar to the proportion of the reservoir prototype, and the ratio of the hole diameter to the reservoir control diameter is equal to the reservoir prototype.
In the dynamic similarity, because large-scale cracks and karst caves of the three-dimensional geologic body of the oil reservoir develop, the fluid flow speed is high, the Reynolds number is high, and the fluid flow is similar to that of a pressure pipe flow, so the Reynolds number is equal in the model similarity design. In addition, the ratio of pressure to gravity influences the oil-water distribution in the displacement process to a certain extent, and the cubic law under multiple fractures mainly describes the flow characteristics of fluid in the fracture-cavity system in the fracture, but analysis from the perspective of similar theoretical design is difficult to realize multiple similar criteria in the same physical simulation, and only simulation can be performed locally with emphasis. Therefore, on the premise of meeting the Reynolds similarity criterion, the physical simulation is close to the cubic law meeting the pressure-gravity ratio and the multiple cracks as much as possible by adjusting the model and the experimental parameters; other important parameters such as filling degree and coordination number (number of fractures connected with the reservoir body) are similarly designed as the characteristic parameters of the three-dimensional geologic body of the oil reservoir.
Based on the analysis and integration, 8 similar criteria capable of reflecting the main characteristics of reservoir three-dimensional geologic body development were determined, as shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 physical quantities involved in oil-water-gas three-phase flow of three-dimensional geological model of oil reservoir and their dimensions
The preprinting size of the model is 20 multiplied by 6cm3According to the design of similar criteria, the length and width of the model are scaled by 10000:1, and the height is scaled by 5000: 1; the lower limit of the crack (fracture) opening of the 3D printed physical model is 3 mm; according to the precision of the 3D printer, the size of the shaft is selected to be 0.5 mm.
(5) And (4) a karst cave equivalent size limit. And establishing a triple medium model according to the lower limit of the fracture opening of the three-dimensional geological model of the oil reservoir, namely 3mm, and researching the lower limit of the equivalent size of the karst cave of the three-dimensional geological model of the oil reservoir. According to a triple media conceptual model (as shown in fig. 16).
The calculation expressions of the relevant parameters in the model are respectively
According to the differential equation of the triple medium seepage, the flow state is assumed to be a quasi-steady state, and the dimensionless mathematical equation is
Wherein the dimensionless quantity is defined as:
solving a dimensionless mathematical equation to obtain
Selecting the cross section area A of the model as 20 x 20cm2The core length L is 6cm, the matrix porosity is 2%, the matrix permeability is 0, the matrix block size Lm is 9mm, the fracture size Lf is 3mm, and the lower limit of the model karst cave is 2cm through calculation. See in particular fig. 17.
(6) And constructing an oil reservoir three-dimensional vector model.
After the similar criterion design and the karst cave equivalent size limit are determined, converting a karst cave system, a karst cave system and a fracture system into three-dimensional vector models, and correcting through Magics software to obtain a 3D printing digital model of the oil reservoir three-dimensional geological model (as shown in figures 18-22). And then obtaining a three-dimensional geological physical model of the oil reservoir (the three-dimensional geological body 3D printing model of the oil reservoir is shown in figure 23).
The invention provides a method for constructing a 3D printing physical model based on an oil reservoir three-dimensional geologic body, which comprises the steps of firstly carrying out quantitative analysis on three-dimensional structural characteristics of an oil reservoir, carrying out coarsening treatment, then carrying out quantitative analysis on karst caves, karst caves and cracks of each layer of the model, designing according to a similar criterion, determining the equivalent size limit of the karst caves, converting each system into a three-dimensional vector model, and modifying data to obtain a 3D printing digital model of the oil reservoir three-dimensional geologic model. The method comprises the steps of step-by-step processing, parameter screening and design according to similar criteria, and a set of new method system for 3D printing of the three-dimensional geological model of the oil reservoir is constructed, the method system can better represent the three-dimensional structure of the oil reservoir, and the actual requirements of the model can be better met.
In addition, the 3D printing digital model of the oil reservoir three-dimensional geological model obtained by the invention has high accuracy and directly participates in geological parameter modeling; the reaction speed is high, and the calculation time is saved by gridding coarsening; the cost is economic, and the physical labor is saved; the method is convenient for adjusting and optimizing the parameters and can carry out a great deal of research in a short period.
While particular embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated and described, it would be obvious that various other changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. It is therefore intended to cover in the appended claims all such changes and modifications that are within the scope of this invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for constructing a 3D printing physical model based on an oil reservoir three-dimensional geologic body is characterized by comprising the following steps:
carrying out quantitative analysis on the three-dimensional structural characteristics of the oil reservoir;
coarsening the oil reservoir three-dimensional geological model;
after coarsening treatment, carrying out quantitative analysis on each layer of karst cave, karst cave and crack of the model;
after the similar criterion design and the karst cave equivalent size limit are determined, converting a karst cave system, a karst cave system and a fracture system into a three-dimensional vector model, and obtaining a 3D printing digital model of the oil reservoir three-dimensional geological model through data correction;
the similarity criterion is designed to: the design of the physical model meets the requirements of geometric similarity, motion similarity and power similarity; the similarity criteria are Δ P/(ρ gL), μ/(ρ vL), Q/(ρ vL2), (v μ L)/(nfb3 Δ P), ξ, η, Vvug/(kxf) and rw/L;
wherein Δ P/(ρ gL) represents the ratio of injection pressure to gravity, μ/(ρ vL) represents the ratio of inertial resistance and viscous resistance, Q/(ρ vL2) represents the relationship between injection quantity and flow rate, (v μ L)/(nfb3 Δ P) represents the cube law under multiple fractures, ξ represents coordination number, η represents packing degree, Vvug/(kxf) represents the ratio of cavern volume to fracture conductivity, rw/L represents the ratio of wellbore radius to reservoir thickness;
the dynamic similarity is based on the Reynolds similarity criterion, and the model and experimental parameters are adjusted to ensure that the physical simulation is as close as possible to satisfy the ratio of pressure to gravity and the cubic law under a plurality of cracks.
2. The method for constructing a 3D printed physical model based on three-dimensional geologic volumes of a reservoir of claim 1, wherein the three-dimensional structural features of the reservoir comprise: and designing the size of the block model, the model grid, the proportion of each lithofacies in the model, the permeability of each lithofacies and the porosity distribution.
3. The method for constructing the 3D printing physical model based on the three-dimensional geologic body of the oil reservoir according to claim 1, wherein the model mesh is coarsened by using a volume average method according to the karst cave, fissure and karst pore distribution of the typical block fracture-cave model.
4. The method for constructing the 3D printing physical model based on the oil reservoir three-dimensional geologic body according to claim 1, wherein for the model considering filling, the 3D printing design is carried out on a karst cave system, a karst hole system and a filling part of a fracture system of the fracture model;
and screening the three-dimensional geological model of the oil reservoir for the model without considering filling.
5. The method for constructing the 3D printing physical model based on the oil reservoir three-dimensional geologic body according to claim 4, wherein the screening of the oil reservoir three-dimensional geologic model is: and determining a porosity limit of the model.
6. The method for constructing a 3D printed physical model based on three-dimensional geologic volumes of a reservoir of claim 1, wherein the similarity criteria design further comprises: and (4) carrying out similarity design on characteristic parameters of the oil reservoir three-dimensional geological model, wherein the well opening sequence, the production time and the liquid extraction amount in the experimental process are similar to those in the actual production.
7. The method for constructing a 3D printed physical model based on three-dimensional geologic volumes of a reservoir of claim 1, wherein the geometric similarity is designed primarily around the solution caverns.
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