CN108961409B - A method for constructing 3D printing physical model based on three-dimensional geological body of oil reservoir - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及3D模型构建领域，具体而言，涉及一种基于油藏三维地质体构建3D打印物理模型的方法，包括以下步骤：对油藏三维结构特征进行定量分析；对油藏三维地质模型进行粗化处理；粗化处理后，对模型各层溶洞、溶蚀孔洞和裂缝进行定量分析；相似准则设计和溶洞等效尺寸界限确定后，将溶洞系统、溶蚀孔洞系统和裂缝系统转化为三维矢量模型，通过数据修正，得到油藏三维地质模型3D打印数字模型。本发明通过逐步处理，并经过筛选参数，然后再以相似准则设计，构建了一套新的油藏三维地质模型3D打印数字模型的方法体系，该方法体系更好的表征油藏的三维结构，更好的满足模型的实际需求。
The invention relates to the field of 3D model construction, in particular to a method for constructing a 3D printing physical model based on a three-dimensional geological body of an oil reservoir, comprising the following steps: quantitatively analyzing the three-dimensional structural characteristics of the oil reservoir; Coarsening treatment; after coarsening treatment, quantitative analysis of karst caves, dissolution pores and fractures in each layer of the model; after the similarity criterion design and the equivalent size limit of karst caves are determined, the karst cave system, dissolution pore system and fracture system are converted into a three-dimensional vector model , Through data correction, the 3D printing digital model of the three-dimensional geological model of the reservoir is obtained. The present invention constructs a new method system for 3D printing digital model of three-dimensional geological model of oil reservoir through step-by-step processing, screening parameters, and then designing based on similar criteria. The method system can better characterize the three-dimensional structure of oil reservoir, Better meet the actual needs of the model.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及3D模型构建领域，具体而言，涉及一种基于油藏三维地质体构建3D打印物理模型的方法。The invention relates to the field of 3D model construction, in particular to a method for constructing a 3D printing physical model based on a three-dimensional geological body of an oil reservoir.
背景技术Background technique
油藏地质模型是对油藏类型、砂体几何形态、规模大小、储层参数和流体性质空间分布以及成岩作用和孔隙结构的高度概括。概括地讲，油藏地质模型是反映油藏特征的数据体及二维图形显示的综合。油藏地质模型的建立是油藏综合评价的基础，它可以反映本地区的油藏形成条件、分布规律和油气富集控制因素等复杂的地质条件，在勘探和开发过程中，可以起预测作用，同时为油藏数值模拟研究提供基本格架。A reservoir geological model is a high-level summary of reservoir type, sand body geometry, scale, reservoir parameters and spatial distribution of fluid properties, as well as diagenesis and pore structure. In a nutshell, a reservoir geological model is a combination of a data volume reflecting reservoir characteristics and a two-dimensional graphical display. The establishment of a reservoir geological model is the basis for comprehensive reservoir evaluation. It can reflect complex geological conditions such as reservoir formation conditions, distribution laws, and oil and gas enrichment control factors in the region. It can play a predictive role in the process of exploration and development. , while providing a basic framework for reservoir numerical simulation research.
现有的构建油藏3D打印物理模型的方法有多种，但各有优劣，仍有待进一步提升。There are many existing methods for constructing 3D printing physical models of oil reservoirs, but each has its own advantages and disadvantages and still needs to be further improved.
有鉴于此，特提出本发明。In view of this, the present invention is proposed.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本发明的目的在于提供一种基于油藏三维地质体构建3D打印物理模型的方法，提供一种新的构建体系，通过对一些特定的参数进行了筛选，然后以相似准则进行设计，得到的油藏三维地质体模型更好的满足实际模型使用的需求。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for constructing a 3D printing physical model based on a three-dimensional geological body of an oil reservoir, and to provide a new construction system. The Tibetan 3D geological body model can better meet the needs of actual model use.
为了实现本发明的上述目的，特采用以下技术方案：In order to realize the above-mentioned purpose of the present invention, the following technical solutions are specially adopted:
一种基于油藏三维地质体构建3D打印物理模型的方法，包括以下步骤：A method for constructing a 3D printing physical model based on a three-dimensional geological body of an oil reservoir, comprising the following steps:
对油藏三维结构特征进行定量分析；Quantitative analysis of the three-dimensional structural characteristics of the reservoir;
对油藏三维地质模型进行粗化处理；Coarse the 3D geological model of the reservoir;
粗化处理后，对模型各层溶洞、溶蚀孔洞和裂缝进行定量分析；After the roughening treatment, quantitative analysis is carried out on the karst caves, dissolved cavities and cracks in each layer of the model;
相似准则设计和溶洞等效尺寸界限确定后，将溶洞系统、溶蚀孔洞系统和裂缝系统转化为三维矢量模型，通过数据修正，得到油藏三维地质模型3D打印数字模型。After the similarity criterion is designed and the equivalent size limit of the karst cave is determined, the karst cave system, the dissolution pore system and the fracture system are converted into a 3D vector model, and the 3D printing digital model of the 3D geological model of the reservoir is obtained through data correction.
本发明提供的一种基于油藏三维地质体构建3D打印物理模型的方法，先对油藏三维结构特征进行定量分析，进行粗化处理后，再对模型各层溶洞、溶蚀孔洞和裂缝进行定量分析，再以相似准则设计，确定溶洞等效尺寸界限，将各系统转化为三维矢量模型，数据经过修正，得到油藏三维地质模型3D打印数字模型。即本发明通过逐步处理，并经过筛选参数，然后再以相似准则设计，构建了一套新的油藏三维地质模型3D打印数字模型的方法体系，该方法体系更好的表征油藏的三维结构，更好的满足模型的实际需求。The invention provides a method for constructing a 3D printing physical model based on a three-dimensional geological body of an oil reservoir. First, the three-dimensional structural characteristics of the oil reservoir are quantitatively analyzed, and after roughening treatment, the karst caves, dissolved pores and cracks in each layer of the model are quantitatively analyzed. After analysis, design based on similarity criteria, determine the equivalent size limit of the cave, convert each system into a three-dimensional vector model, and after the data is corrected, a 3D printing digital model of the three-dimensional geological model of the reservoir is obtained. That is, the present invention constructs a new method system for 3D printing digital model of a three-dimensional geological model of a reservoir through step-by-step processing, screening parameters, and then designing based on similar criteria, which can better characterize the three-dimensional structure of the oil reservoir. , to better meet the actual needs of the model.
另外，本发明得到的油藏三维地质模型3D打印数字模型准确率高，直接参与地质体参数建模；反应速度快，网格化粗化节省计算时间；费用经济，节省人力物理；便于参数的调整优化，短期内可进行大量研究。In addition, the 3D printing digital model of the three-dimensional geological model of the oil reservoir obtained by the invention has high accuracy and directly participates in the modeling of geological body parameters; the reaction speed is fast, and the grid coarsening saves calculation time; the cost is economical, and labor and physics are saved; Tuning and optimization, a lot of research can be done in a short period of time.
进一步地，所述油藏三维结构特征包括：设计区块模型尺寸、模型网格、模型中各岩相占比例、各岩相渗透率和孔隙度分布。Further, the three-dimensional structural characteristics of the oil reservoir include: model size of the design block, model grid, proportion of each lithofacies in the model, permeability and porosity distribution of each lithofacies.
进一步地，根据典型区块缝洞模型溶洞、裂缝和溶孔分布，采用体积平均方法将模型网格进行粗化。Further, according to the distribution of karst caves, fractures and dissolved pores in the fracture-vug model of typical blocks, the model grid is coarsened by the volume average method.
进一步地，对于考虑充填的模型，3D打印设计时对缝洞模型溶洞系统、溶孔系统和裂缝系统充填部分进行设计；Further, for the model that considers filling, the 3D printing design should design the filling part of the karst cavity system, dissolved pore system and crack system of the fracture-cavity model;
对于不考虑充填的模型，对油藏三维地质模型进行筛选。For models that do not consider filling, the three-dimensional geological model of the reservoir is screened.
进一步地，对油藏三维地质模型进行筛选为：模型孔隙度界限确定。Further, the three-dimensional geological model of the reservoir is screened as follows: model porosity limit determination.
进一步地，所述相似准则设计为：物理模型的设计满足几何相似、运动相似和动力相似。Further, the similarity criterion is designed as follows: the design of the physical model satisfies geometric similarity, motion similarity and dynamic similarity.
进一步地，所述相似准则设计还包括：对油藏三维地质模型特征参数进行相似性设计，且实验过程开井顺序、生产时间及采液量与现实生产相似。Further, the similarity criterion design further includes: performing similarity design on the characteristic parameters of the three-dimensional geological model of the reservoir, and the well opening sequence, production time and fluid production volume in the experimental process are similar to actual production.
进一步地，所述几何相似主要围绕溶洞进行相似设计。Further, the geometric similarity is mainly designed around the cave.
进一步地，所述几何相似还包括填充程度和配位数作为油藏三维地质体特征参数进行相似设计。Further, the geometric similarity also includes filling degree and coordination number as the characteristic parameters of the three-dimensional geological body of the reservoir to perform similar design.
进一步地，所述动力相似以雷诺相似准则为前提，调整模型及实验参数，使物理模拟尽量接近满足压力与重力之比及多条裂缝下的立方定律。Further, the dynamic similarity is based on the Reynolds similarity criterion, and the model and experimental parameters are adjusted to make the physical simulation as close as possible to satisfy the ratio of pressure to gravity and the cubic law under multiple fractures.
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果为：Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
(1)本发明通过逐步处理，并经过筛选参数，然后再以相似准则设计，构建了一套新的油藏三维地质模型3D打印数字模型的方法体系，该方法体系更好的表征油藏的三维结构，更好的满足模型的实际需求。(1) The present invention constructs a new method system for 3D printing digital model of a three-dimensional geological model of a reservoir through step-by-step processing, screening parameters, and then designing based on similar criteria, which can better characterize the characteristics of the reservoir. The three-dimensional structure can better meet the actual needs of the model.
(2)本发明得到的油藏三维地质模型3D打印数字模型准确率高，直接参与地质体参数建模。(2) The 3D printing digital model of the three-dimensional geological model of the oil reservoir obtained by the present invention has high accuracy and directly participates in the modeling of geological body parameters.
(3)反应速度快，网格化粗化节省计算时间。(3) The reaction speed is fast, and the grid coarsening saves the calculation time.
(4)费用经济，节省人力物理。(4) The cost is economical, saving manpower and physics.
(5)便于参数的调整优化，短期内可进行大量研究。(5) It is convenient for the adjustment and optimization of parameters, and a lot of research can be carried out in a short period of time.
附图说明Description of drawings
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，以下将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍。In order to illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art more clearly, the following briefly introduces the accompanying drawings that are required to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art.
图1为本发明实施例中基于油藏三维地质体构建3D打印物理模型的流程图；1 is a flowchart of constructing a 3D printing physical model based on a three-dimensional geological body of an oil reservoir in an embodiment of the present invention;
图2为本发明实施例中油藏三维地质模型图；Fig. 2 is the three-dimensional geological model diagram of the oil reservoir in the embodiment of the present invention;
图3为本发明实施例中油藏三维模型各岩相分布及比例图；FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the distribution and proportion of each lithofacies in a three-dimensional model of a reservoir in an embodiment of the present invention;
图4为本发明实施例中油藏三维模型渗透率分布图；Fig. 4 is the permeability distribution diagram of the three-dimensional model of the oil reservoir in the embodiment of the present invention;
图5为本发明实施例中油藏三维模型孔隙度分布图；Fig. 5 is a porosity distribution diagram of a three-dimensional model of a reservoir in an embodiment of the present invention;
图6为本发明实施例中粗化处理后油藏三维地质模型图；6 is a three-dimensional geological model diagram of the oil reservoir after roughening treatment in the embodiment of the present invention;
图7为本发明实施例中粗化处理油藏三维地质模型各岩相分布图；Fig. 7 is the distribution diagram of each lithofacies in the three-dimensional geological model of the oil reservoir by the roughening treatment in the embodiment of the present invention;
图8为本发明实施例中粗化处理油藏三维地质模型渗透率分布图；FIG. 8 is a permeability distribution diagram of a three-dimensional geological model of a roughened oil reservoir in an embodiment of the present invention;
图9为本发明实施例中粗化处理后油藏三维地质模型孔隙度分布图；Fig. 9 is a porosity distribution diagram of a three-dimensional geological model of a reservoir after roughening treatment in an embodiment of the present invention;
图10为本发明实施例中粗化处理前后油藏三维地质模型渗透率、孔隙度对比图；10 is a comparison diagram of permeability and porosity of a three-dimensional geological model of a reservoir before and after roughening treatment in an embodiment of the present invention;
图11为本发明实施例中粗化处理后油藏模型不同层位溶洞分布图；Fig. 11 is a distribution diagram of karst caves in different horizons of the oil reservoir model after roughening treatment in the embodiment of the present invention;
图12为本发明实施例中油藏三维地质模型第2层位溶洞分布图；Fig. 12 is the distribution diagram of the karst caves in the second horizon of the three-dimensional geological model of the oil reservoir in the embodiment of the present invention;
图13为本发明实施例中油藏三维地质模型第2层位溶洞等效半径计算图；13 is a calculation diagram of the equivalent radius of the karst cave in the second horizon of the three-dimensional geological model of the oil reservoir in the embodiment of the present invention;
图14为本发明实施例中油藏三维地质模型第2层位溶洞高度分布图；Fig. 14 is a diagram showing the height distribution of the karst cave in the second horizon of the three-dimensional geological model of the oil reservoir in the embodiment of the present invention;
图15为本发明实施例中油藏三维地质模型第2层位各溶洞比例示意图；Fig. 15 is a schematic diagram of the proportion of each cave in the second layer of the three-dimensional geological model of the oil reservoir in the embodiment of the present invention;
图16为本发明实施例中三重介质的油藏三维地质概念模型图；16 is a three-dimensional geological conceptual model diagram of a triple medium oil reservoir in an embodiment of the present invention;
图17为本发明实施例中不同溶洞尺寸下压力特征曲线图；Fig. 17 is a pressure characteristic curve diagram under different cave sizes in the embodiment of the present invention;
图18为本发明实施例中溶洞、溶孔系统的油藏三维矢量模型图；18 is a three-dimensional vector model diagram of a reservoir of a dissolved cave and dissolved pore system in an embodiment of the present invention;
图19为本发明实施例中裂缝系统的油藏三维矢量模型图；Fig. 19 is a three-dimensional vector model diagram of a reservoir of a fracture system in an embodiment of the present invention;
图20为本发明实施例中溶洞、溶孔和裂缝系统的油藏三维矢量模型图；20 is a three-dimensional vector model diagram of a reservoir of a system of dissolved caves, dissolved pores and fractures in the embodiment of the present invention;
图21为本发明实施例中溶洞、溶孔和裂缝系统的油藏三维矢量模型STL格式图；21 is a STL format diagram of a three-dimensional vector model of a reservoir of a system of dissolved caves, dissolved pores and fractures in an embodiment of the present invention;
图22为本发明实施例中溶洞、溶孔和裂缝系统的油藏三维矢量模型Magics软件修正图；Fig. 22 is a modified drawing of the Magics software of the three-dimensional vector model of the reservoir of the caves, dissolved pores and fracture systems in the embodiment of the present invention;
图23为本发明实施例中油藏三维地质体3D打印模型图。FIG. 23 is a 3D printing model diagram of a three-dimensional geological body of a reservoir in an embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面将结合实施例对本发明的实施方案进行详细描述，但是本领域技术人员将会理解，下列实施例仅用于说明本发明，而不应视为限制本发明的范围。实施例中未注明具体条件者，按照常规条件或制造商建议的条件进行。所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商者，均为可以通过市售购买获得的常规产品。The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the examples, but those skilled in the art will understand that the following examples are only used to illustrate the present invention and should not be regarded as limiting the scope of the present invention. If the specific conditions are not indicated in the examples, it is carried out according to the conventional conditions or the conditions suggested by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used without the manufacturer's indication are conventional products that can be purchased from the market.
本发明实施例提供了一种基于油藏三维地质体构建3D打印物理模型的方法，具体如图1所示，包括以下步骤：An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for constructing a 3D printing physical model based on a three-dimensional geological body of an oil reservoir, as shown in FIG. 1 , including the following steps:
对油藏三维结构特征进行定量分析；Quantitative analysis of the three-dimensional structural characteristics of the reservoir;
对油藏三维地质模型进行粗化处理；Coarse the 3D geological model of the reservoir;
粗化处理后，对模型各层溶洞、溶蚀孔洞和裂缝进行定量分析；After the roughening treatment, quantitative analysis is carried out on the karst caves, dissolved cavities and cracks in each layer of the model;
相似准则设计和溶洞等效尺寸界限确定后，将溶洞系统、溶蚀孔洞系统和裂缝系统转化为三维矢量模型，通过数据修正，得到油藏三维地质模型3D打印数字模型。After the similarity criterion is designed and the equivalent size limit of the karst cave is determined, the karst cave system, the dissolution pore system and the fracture system are converted into a 3D vector model, and the 3D printing digital model of the 3D geological model of the reservoir is obtained through data correction.
具体步骤如下：Specific steps are as follows:
(1)根据某油藏三维地质模型(如图2)，对油藏三维结构特征进行定量分析。所设计区块模型尺寸为2809.91×2273.83×304.3m3，模型网格为94×76×269。模型中各岩相占比例，各岩相渗透率和孔隙度分布如图3～5所示。不同颜色代表不同的分布情况。下同。(1) According to a three-dimensional geological model of a certain oil reservoir (as shown in Figure 2), quantitatively analyze the three-dimensional structural characteristics of the oil reservoir. The size of the designed block model is 2809.91×2273.83×304.3m 3 , and the model grid is 94×76×269. The proportion of each lithofacies in the model, and the permeability and porosity distribution of each lithofacies are shown in Figures 3-5. Different colors represent different distributions. The same below.
(2)对油藏三维地质模型进行粗化处理。(2) Coarse the three-dimensional geological model of the reservoir.
粗化前模型网格数过多，不易进行几何建模。根据典型区块缝洞模型溶洞、裂缝和溶孔分布，采用体积平均方法将模型网格进行粗化。图6为粗化处理后油藏三维地质模型，图7-9分别为粗化处理油藏三维地质模型各岩相分布、渗透率分布和孔隙度分布。图10为粗化处理前后油藏三维地质模型渗透率、孔隙度对比图。There are too many meshes in the model before coarsening, and it is not easy to carry out geometric modeling. According to the distribution of karst caves, fractures and dissolved pores in the fracture-vug model of typical blocks, the model grid is coarsened by the volume average method. Fig. 6 shows the three-dimensional geological model of the oil reservoir after the coarsening treatment, and Figs. 7-9 show the lithofacies distribution, permeability distribution and porosity distribution of the three-dimensional geological model of the oil reservoir after the coarsening treatment. Fig. 10 is a comparison chart of permeability and porosity of the three-dimensional geological model of the reservoir before and after upscaling.
经过粗化处理后，模型网格为88×62×17，地质储量相对误差为3.3％，满足工程计算需求。After coarsening, the model grid is 88×62×17, and the relative error of geological reserves is 3.3%, which meets the needs of engineering calculation.
(3)粗化处理后，对模型各层溶洞、溶孔和裂缝进行定量分析(其中：各层位溶洞分布如图11所示)。图中白色代表溶洞，黑色代表基质。(3) After the roughening treatment, quantitatively analyze the karst caves, dissolved pores and cracks in each layer of the model (wherein: the distribution of karst caves in each layer is shown in Figure 11). The white in the figure represents the cave, and the black represents the matrix.
另外，油藏三维地质模型第2层位溶洞分布如图12所示；油藏三维地质模型第2层位溶洞等效半径计算如图13所示；油藏三维地质模型第2层位溶洞高度分布如图14所示，油藏三维地质模型第2层位各溶洞比例示意图见图15。In addition, the distribution of the karst caves in the second horizon of the 3D reservoir geological model is shown in Figure 12; the calculation of the equivalent radius of the karst caves in the second horizon of the 3D reservoir geological model is shown in Figure 13; the height of the karst caves in the second horizon of the 3D reservoir geological model is shown in Figure 13. The distribution is shown in Figure 14, and the schematic diagram of the proportion of each cave in the second layer of the 3D geological model of the reservoir is shown in Figure 15.
对于考虑充填的模型，3D打印设计时需要对缝洞模型溶洞系统、溶孔系统和裂缝系统充填部分进行设计，打印模型较为复杂。而对于不考虑充填的模型，需要对油藏三维地质模型进行筛选(模型孔隙度界限确定)。以油藏三维地质模型溶洞系统为例，模型筛选前溶洞内储量为：For the model that considers filling, the 3D printing design needs to design the filling part of the karst cavity system, soluble pore system and crack system of the fracture-cavity model, and the printing model is more complicated. For models that do not consider filling, the three-dimensional geological model of the reservoir needs to be screened (model porosity limit determination). Taking the 3D geological model of the reservoir as an example, the reserves in the karst cave before model screening are:
式中：E1为模型筛选前溶洞内储量；So为含油饱和度，％；
模型筛选后溶洞内储量为：After model screening, the reserves in the cave are:
式中：
考虑模型筛选前后溶洞系统地质储量不变，即Considering that the geological reserves of the karst cave system remain unchanged before and after model selection, that is,
通过计算可确定孔隙度界限为
(4)相似准则设计。基于前人对油藏三维地质体物理模拟相似准则的研究与归纳，物理模型的设计应满足几何相似、运动相似和动力相似，同时还应对油藏三维地质模型特征参数进行相似性设计，且实验过程开井顺序、生产时间及采液量与现实生产相似。(4) Similarity criterion design. Based on the previous research and induction of the similarity criterion for the physical simulation of the 3D geological body of the reservoir, the design of the physical model should satisfy the geometric similarity, motion similarity and dynamic similarity. The sequence of well opening, production time and liquid production volume are similar to actual production.
对于几何相似，油藏中溶洞是最主要的储油空间，围绕溶洞进行相似设计。如前文所述，物理模型以地质模型中的“洞径”为基准，以油藏控制直径为边界，将地质模型中油藏控制直径内的缝洞结构分层按比例缩放于3D打印岩心中，从而保证了模型溶洞尺寸与油藏原型比例相似，“洞径”与“油藏控制直径”之比与油藏原型相等。For geometric similarity, the cave is the main oil storage space in the reservoir, and similar design is carried out around the cave. As mentioned above, the physical model is based on the "cave diameter" in the geological model, and the control diameter of the reservoir is used as the boundary. , which ensures that the model cave size is similar to the scale of the reservoir prototype, and the ratio of "cavity diameter" to "reservoir control diameter" is equal to the reservoir prototype.
动力相似中，由于油藏三维地质体大型裂缝及溶洞发育，流体流动速度大，雷诺数高，流体的流动类似于有压管流，因此，模型相似性设计上应满足雷诺数相等。此外，压力与重力之比在一定程度上影响了驱替过程中的油水分布，而多裂缝下的立方定律则主要描述缝洞系统中流体在裂缝中的流动特征，但从相似理论设计的角度分析，在同一物理模拟中难以同时实现多个相似准则，只能侧重局部进行模拟。因此，应以满足雷诺相似准则为前提，通过调整模型及实验参数，使物理模拟尽量接近满足压力与重力之比及多条裂缝下的立方定律；其他重要参数如填充程度和配位数(储集体所连通的裂缝条数)作为油藏三维地质体特征参数进行相似设计。In the dynamic similarity, due to the development of large fractures and caves in the three-dimensional geological body of the reservoir, the fluid flow velocity is high, and the Reynolds number is high, and the fluid flow is similar to the pressure pipe flow. Therefore, the model similarity design should satisfy the Reynolds number equal. In addition, the ratio of pressure to gravity affects the oil-water distribution during the displacement process to a certain extent, while the cubic law under multiple fractures mainly describes the flow characteristics of fluid in fractures in the fracture-cavity system, but from the perspective of similar theoretical design Analysis, it is difficult to realize multiple similar criteria at the same time in the same physical simulation, and can only focus on local simulation. Therefore, the Reynolds similarity criterion should be satisfied as the premise. By adjusting the model and experimental parameters, the physical simulation should be as close as possible to satisfy the ratio of pressure to gravity and the cubic law under multiple fractures; other important parameters such as filling degree and coordination number (reservoir number) The number of fractures connected by the collective) is similarly designed as the characteristic parameter of the three-dimensional geological body of the reservoir.
根据分析和整合，确定8个能够反映油藏三维地质体开发主要特征的相似准则，如表1所示。According to the analysis and integration, 8 similar criteria that can reflect the main characteristics of the development of the three-dimensional geological body of the reservoir are determined, as shown in Table 1.
表1油藏三维地质模型油水气三相流动涉及的物理量及其量纲Table 1 The physical quantities and their dimensions involved in the three-phase flow of oil, water and gas in the three-dimensional geological model of the reservoir
本次模型预打印尺寸为20×20×6cm3，根据相似准则设计可知，模型长度和宽度缩放约为10000:1，高度缩放约为5000:1；3D打印物理模型裂缝(断裂)开度下限为3mm；根据3D打印机精度，选择井筒尺寸为0.5mm。The pre-printing size of this model is 20×20×6cm 3 . According to the design of the similarity criterion, the model length and width scaling is about 10000:1, and the height scaling is about 5000:1; the lower limit of the crack (fracture) opening of the 3D printing physical model is 3mm; according to the accuracy of the 3D printer, the size of the wellbore is selected to be 0.5mm.
(5)溶洞等效尺寸界限。根据油藏三维地质模型裂缝(断裂)开度下限3mm，建立三重介质模型，对油藏三维地质模型溶洞等效尺寸下限进行研究。根据三重介质概念模型(如图16所示)。(5) Equivalent size limit of karst cave. According to the lower limit of fracture (fault) opening of 3mm reservoir 3D geological model, a triple medium model is established to study the lower limit of equivalent size of karst caves in reservoir 3D geological model. According to the triple medium conceptual model (shown in Figure 16).
模型中相关参数计算表达式分别为The relevant parameter calculation expressions in the model are:
根据三重介质渗流的微分方程，假定流动状态为拟稳态，无因次数学方程为According to the differential equation of triple medium seepage, it is assumed that the flow state is a quasi-steady state, and the dimensionless mathematical equation is
其中无因次量定义为：where the dimensionless quantity is defined as:
求解式无因次数学方程，可以得到Solving the dimensionless mathematical equation, one can get
选择模型横截面积A＝20×20cm2，岩心长L＝6cm，基质孔隙度为2％，基质渗透率为0，基质块尺寸Lm＝9mm，裂缝尺寸Lf＝3mm，通过计算可知模型溶洞下限为2cm。具体见图17。The model cross-sectional area A=20×20cm 2 , the core length L=6cm, the matrix porosity is 2%, the matrix permeability is 0, the matrix block size Lm=9mm, and the fracture size Lf=3mm, the lower limit of the model karst cave can be known by calculation. is 2cm. See Figure 17 for details.
(6)构建油藏三维矢量模型。(6) Build a three-dimensional vector model of the reservoir.
相似准则设计和溶洞等效尺寸界限确定后，将溶洞系统、溶蚀孔洞系统和裂缝系统转化为三维矢量模型，并通过Magics软件修正，可以得到油藏三维地质模型3D打印数字模型(如图18～22)。进而得到油藏三维地质物理模型(图23为油藏三维地质体3D打印模型)。After the similarity criterion is designed and the equivalent size limit of the karst cave is determined, the karst cave system, the dissolution pore system and the fracture system are converted into a three-dimensional vector model, and corrected by the Magics software, the 3D printing digital model of the three-dimensional geological model of the reservoir can be obtained (as shown in Figure 18- twenty two). Then, a three-dimensional geophysical model of the oil reservoir is obtained (Fig. 23 shows the 3D printing model of the three-dimensional geological body of the oil reservoir).
本发明提供的一种基于油藏三维地质体构建3D打印物理模型的方法，先对油藏三维结构特征进行定量分析，进行粗化处理后，再对模型各层溶洞、溶蚀孔洞和裂缝进行定量分析，再以相似准则设计，确定溶洞等效尺寸界限，将各系统转化为三维矢量模型，数据经过修正，得到油藏三维地质模型3D打印数字模型。即本发明通过逐步处理，并经过筛选参数，然后再以相似准则设计，构建了一套新的油藏三维地质模型3D打印数字模型的方法体系，该方法体系更好的表征油藏的三维结构，更好的满足模型的实际需求。The invention provides a method for constructing a 3D printing physical model based on a three-dimensional geological body of an oil reservoir. First, the three-dimensional structural characteristics of the oil reservoir are quantitatively analyzed, and after roughening treatment, the karst caves, dissolved pores and cracks in each layer of the model are quantitatively analyzed. After analysis, design based on similarity criteria, determine the equivalent size limit of the cave, convert each system into a three-dimensional vector model, and after the data is corrected, a 3D printing digital model of the three-dimensional geological model of the reservoir is obtained. That is, the present invention constructs a new method system for 3D printing digital model of a three-dimensional geological model of a reservoir through step-by-step processing, screening parameters, and then designing based on similar criteria, which can better characterize the three-dimensional structure of the oil reservoir. , to better meet the actual needs of the model.
另外，本发明得到的油藏三维地质模型3D打印数字模型准确率高，直接参与地质体参数建模；反应速度快，网格化粗化节省计算时间；费用经济，节省人力物理；便于参数的调整优化，短期内可进行大量研究。In addition, the 3D printing digital model of the three-dimensional geological model of the oil reservoir obtained by the invention has high accuracy and directly participates in the modeling of geological body parameters; the reaction speed is fast, and the grid coarsening saves calculation time; the cost is economical, and labor and physics are saved; Adjust and optimize, and a lot of research can be done in a short period of time.
尽管已用具体实施例来说明和描述了本发明，然而应意识到，在不背离本发明的精神和范围的情况下可以作出许多其它的更改和修改。因此，这意味着在所附权利要求中包括属于本发明范围内的所有这些变化和修改。Although specific embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated and described, it should be understood that various other changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Therefore, it is intended that all such changes and modifications as fall within the scope of this invention be included in the appended claims.
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