CN108957551A - Controlled source harmonic suppression method based on reconstruct ground force signal - Google Patents
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- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
- G01V1/36—Effecting static or dynamic corrections on records, e.g. correcting spread; Correlating seismic signals; Eliminating effects of unwanted energy
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- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of controlled source harmonic suppression methods based on reconstruct ground force signal.In the case where that cannot estimate ground force signal by weighted sum method, utilize direct wave and other seismic waves then inconsistent feature, pass through Proper Match filter, communication number under actual controlled source is replaced from efficiently separating in signal near substrate, extracting direct wave as reconstruct ground force signal, deconvolution processing is carried out to earthquake record, to reach compacting harmonic wave.Control mode and specific coupling condition of this method independent of focus, harmonic wave is not only suppressed well, also greatly improves data quality, it is lower to vibroseis control method and control accuracy requirement, focus is coupled with earth's surface and is not limited strictly, allows focus using inexpensive open loop control mode.Applied widely, target location error is small, is applicable not only to the compacting of fluid pressure type controlled source harmonic wave, is also applied for the harmonic wave compacting etc. of opened loop control or the bad all kinds of controlled sources of coupling condition.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to a kind of method of seismic prospecting, are based especially on the controlled source harmonic wave compacting of reconstruct ground force signal
Method.
Background technique:
Controlled source is due to it has many advantages, such as safe and environment-friendly, low consumption, efficient, mode is flexible in Exploration Domain by blueness
It looks at, the application in the acquisition of global land seismic exploration occupies very big specific gravity, and external controlled source is big substituted fried
The trend of the destructiveness focus such as medicine focus.But, the presence of harmonic wave interference is one of the bottleneck for restricting controlled source fast development,
The presence of harmonic wave interference compromises the quality of controlled source seismic data, reduces the resolution ratio of data, therefore, harmonic wave interference
The research emphasis for being suppressed into vibroseis technique, the technology for suppressing harmonic wave interference is also evolving.Traditional compacting is humorous
Wave method is broadly divided into two classes: one kind be by improving acquisition mode, the modes such as adjustment acquisition parameter come reduce harmonic wave interference at
The acquisition divided, this method enormously simplifies the workload of later data processing, but this method is not avoided that the production of harmonic wave
It is raw, it can only make to acquire the smaller time occurred with postponement harmonic wave interference of harmonic wave interference in data；Another kind of method is by right
It collects after original seismic data carries out relevant treatment and carries out the processing modes such as phase-shift filtering or adaptive-filtering compacting harmonic wave again
Interference, or stratum reflection coefficient is sought to original seismic data progress deconvolution processing to suppress harmonic wave interference.Second class side
Method harmonic wave pressing result is obvious, but this method is primarily adapted for use in conventional hydraulic formula controlled source, but is not suitable for only having and open
All kinds of controlled sources of ring control ability etc., because ground force signal cannot be effectively estimated using weighted sum method at this time, this
The class method scope of application is limited.Cao (2010) replaces correlation to suppress the conventional hydraulic with closed-loop control ability with deconvolution
The harmonic wave interference of formula controlled source, this method can effectively inhibit near-surface influence and harmonic components, improve the quality of data, but this
Method depends on controlled source precision controlling and earth's surface coupling condition, the fluid pressure type controlled source good to survey area coupling condition
Working environment is feasible, but can for working in other of the bad hydraulic focus of coupling condition and only opened loop control ability
Focus is controlled, harmonic wave interference pressing result is very poor, and can generate phase offset, increases target location error.
Summary of the invention:
The object of the invention is that in view of the above shortcomings of the prior art, provide a kind of based on reconstruct ground force signal
Controlled source harmonic suppression method.
Main idea is that: the harmonic wave interference in Seismic Exploration with Vibrator record compromises controlled source significantly
The quality of seismic data reduces the resolution ratio of data.The invention proposes a kind of controllable shakes based on reconstruct ground force signal
Source harmonic suppression method, for some controlled sources with opened loop control ability, as electromagnetic type controlled source etc., cannot
In the case where estimating ground force signal by weighted sum method, we utilize direct wave and other seismic waves then inconsistent spy
Point is believed by rationally designing matched filter from efficiently separating in signal near substrate, extracting direct wave as reconstruct ground force
Number replace actual controlled source under communication number, to earthquake record carry out deconvolution processing, with achieve the effect that suppress harmonic wave.It should
Control mode and specific coupling condition of the method independent of focus replace actual controllable shake using the ground force signal of reconstruct
Communication number carries out deconvolution processing to earthquake record under source, has effectively suppressed harmonic wave interference.It is humorous that the method has widened controlled source
The application range of attenuation techniques, it is lower to vibroseis control method and control accuracy requirement, feelings are coupled with earth's surface to focus
Condition does not limit strictly, allows focus using the open loop control mode of low cost, wider in the Exploration Domain scope of application.
The purpose of the present invention is what is be achieved through the following technical solutions:
Controlled source harmonic wave interference drawing method based on reconstruct ground force signal, comprising the following steps:
A, using conventional electromagnetic formula Seismic Exploration with Vibrator method acquire without relevant treatment single-shot point record and
Signal y near substrate1(t)；
B, enabling controlled source scanning signal s (t) is Chirp signal, i.e.,Wherein
a1For the amplitude of scanning signal, flAnd fhScan frequency is respectively originated and terminates, T is sweep length, maximum former according to signal-to-noise ratio
Then, the matched filter of scanning signal s (t) is designed, unit impulse response:
H (t)=s (- t+T) (1)
0≤t≤T in formula；
C, substrate signal y nearby is taken1(t), it enables:
v1(t)=y1(t)*h(t) (2)
* represents convolution in formula, then convolution result v1(t) include direct wave, back wave, refracted wave and other interference waves in
Deng, building window function, separation first arrival signal d1(t) it is used as direct-path signal, wherein the selection of length of window is wanted can be completely
By first arrival Signal separator, while the coherent noises such as back wave, refracted wave are not included again；
D, it defines:
G (t)=F-1{F[d1(t)]/F[h(t)]} (3)
F represents Fourier transformation and F in formula-1The inverse transformation for representing Fourier transformation, due to h (t) it is known that d1(t) it has adopted
G (t), g (t) can be calculated by isolated in signal near substrate, therefore by formula (3) with step c
The epicenter excitation signal as reconstructed；
E, controlled source earthquake record can be expressed as the convolution between ground force signal and the earth bed response, therefore, close
It is at the convolution model of earthquake record
X (t, j)=g (t) * r (t, j) (4)
X (t, j) is jth road seismic signal in formula, and r (t, j) is the bed response of corresponding jth road seismic signal；
F, by formula (4), it is available to carry out deconvolution processing
R (t, j)=F-1{F[x(t,j)]/F[g(t)]} (5)
G, all-pass filter z (t) is constructed, the phase-frequency characteristic of phase-frequency response and above-mentioned deconvolution process is on the contrary, realize to r
(t, j) carries out zero-phase filtering correction, obtains r'(t, j)；
H, step e to step g is repeated according to this to each road of current single shot record, until completing the current institute for exciting point set altogether
There is seismic trace signal processing, the harmonic wave interference to this single-shot earthquake record is effectively neutralized.
The utility model has the advantages that through testing, a kind of controlled source harmonic wave compacting based on reconstruct ground force signal proposed by the present invention
Method not only can be very good compacting harmonic wave, and after earthquake record carries out deconvolution processing, data resolution is significantly improved, significantly
The quality of data is improved, the method has widened the application range of controlled source harmonic wave compact technique, to vibroseis control side
Method and control accuracy requirement are lower, are not limited strictly with earth's surface coupling condition focus, allow focus opening using low cost
Ring control model, it is wider in the Exploration Domain scope of application, and target location error is small.This method is applicable not only to conventional hydraulic formula
The compacting of controlled source harmonic wave, while being suitable for some using opened loop control or working in the bad all kinds of controlled sources of coupling condition
Harmonic wave compacting, as electromagnetic controllable seismic source etc..
Detailed description of the invention:
Fig. 1 deconvolution processing and single-channel seismic Record Comparison after conventional relevant treatment
(a) single-channel seismic signal after conventional relevant treatment
(b) single-channel seismic signal after deconvolution processing
Fig. 2 deconvolution processing and single-shot seismic record comparison after conventional relevant treatment
(a) single-shot earthquake record after conventional relevant treatment
(b) single-shot earthquake record after deconvolution processing
Specific embodiment:
It is described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawing:
The excitation simulation of controlled source single shot record is carried out using four layers of horizontal layer subsurface model in this example, if ground slice width
Degree is 2000m, depth 860m.From the downward first layer media depth h of earth's surface1=180m, formation velocity v1=1200m/s；Second
Layer media depth h2=130m, formation velocity v2=1300m/s；Third layer media depth h3=300m, formation velocity v3=
2000m/s；4th layer of media depth h4=250m, formation velocity v4=2500m/s.Scanning signal uses Chirp signal, starting
Frequency 10Hz, cutoff frequency 120Hz, sweep length 4s, record time are 6s, and sample rate 1000, road spacing is 20m,
Reception channel Shuo Wei 101.
A, using conventional electromagnetic formula Seismic Exploration with Vibrator method acquire without relevant treatment single-shot point record and
Signal y near substrate1(t)；
B, enabling controlled source scanning signal s (t) is Chirp signal, i.e.,Wherein
a1For the amplitude of scanning signal, flAnd fhScan frequency is respectively originated and terminates, T is sweep length, maximum former according to signal-to-noise ratio
Then, the matched filter of scanning signal s (t) is designed, unit impulse response:
H (t)=s (- t+T) (1)
0≤t≤T in formula；
C, substrate signal y nearby is taken1(t), it enables:
v1(t)=y1(t)*h(t) (2)
* represents convolution in formula, then convolution result v1(t) include direct wave, back wave, refracted wave and other interference waves in
Deng, building window function, separation first arrival signal d1(t) it is used as direct-path signal, wherein the selection of length of window is wanted can be completely
By first arrival Signal separator, while the coherent noises such as back wave, refracted wave are not included again；
D, it defines:
G (t)=F-1{F[d1(t)]/F[h(t)]} (3)
F and F in formula-1Fourier transformation and its inverse transformation are represented, due to h (t) it is known that d1(t) used step c by substrate
It is isolated in neighbouring signal, therefore g (t) can be calculated by formula (3), g (t) is to reconstruct
Epicenter excitation signal；
E, controlled source earthquake record can be expressed as the convolution between ground force signal and the earth bed response, therefore, close
At the convolution model of earthquake record are as follows:
X (t, j)=g (t) * r (t, j) (4)
X (t, j) is jth road seismic signal in formula, and r (t, j) is the bed response of corresponding jth road seismic signal；
F, by formula (4), it is available that we carry out deconvolution processing to second earthquake record:
R (t, 2)=F-1{ F [x (t, 2)]/F [g (t)] } (5) after deconvolution filtering is handled, signal phase spectrum is sent out
Changing, it can be found that arrival time is shifted to an earlier date；
G, construct all-pass filter z (t), the phase-frequency characteristic of phase-frequency response and above-mentioned deconvolution process on the contrary, to r (t,
J) zero-phase filtering correction is carried out, r'(t, j are obtained)；
Fig. 1 (a) is second seismic signal using after conventional relevant treatment as a result, deconvolution treated result is as schemed
Shown in 1 (b), by comparison, it can be seen that, harmonic wave interference is suppressed after the signal in Fig. 1 (b) carries out deconvolution processing, and wave
It is corrected to time error；
H, step e to g is repeated according to this to each road signal of current single shot record, until completing the current institute for exciting point set altogether
There is seismic trace signal processing, the harmonic wave interference to this single-shot earthquake record is effectively neutralized.Fig. 2 (a) is using conventional phase
Full big gun earthquake record after the processing of pass, Fig. 2 (b) is full big gun earthquake record after deconvolution processing, by comparison as can be seen that harmonic wave is dry
It disturbs and is suppressed, effect is obvious.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of controlled source harmonic suppression method based on reconstruct ground force signal, which comprises the following steps:
A, the single-shot point record and substrate without relevant treatment are acquired using conventional electromagnetic formula Seismic Exploration with Vibrator method
Neighbouring signal y1(t)；
B, enabling controlled source scanning signal s (t) is Chirp signal, i.e.,
Wherein a1For the amplitude of scanning signal, flAnd fhRespectively starting and termination are swept
Frequency is retouched, T is sweep length, according to signal-to-noise ratio maximum principle, designs the matched filter of scanning signal s (t), unit impulse
Response are as follows:
H (t)=s (- t+T) (1)
Time variable t meets 0≤t≤T in formula；
C, substrate signal y nearby is taken1(t), it enables
v1(t)=y1(t)*h(t) (2)
* represents convolution in formula, then convolution result v1(t) include direct wave, back wave, refracted wave and other interference waves etc., building in
Window function separates first arrival signal d1(t) it is used as direct-path signal, wherein the selection of length of window is wanted can be completely by first arrival
Signal separator, while not including the coherent noises such as back wave, refracted wave again；
D, it defines:
G (t)=F-1{F[d1(t)]/F[h(t)]} (3)
F represents Fourier transformation, F in formula-1Fourier inversion is represented, due to h (t) it is known that d1(t) used step c by base
It is isolated in signal near plate, therefore g (t) can be calculated by formula (3), g (t) is the epicenter excitation signal reconstructed；
E, controlled source earthquake record can be expressed as the convolution between ground force signal and the earth bed response, therefore, synthetically
Shake the convolution model of record are as follows:
X (t, j)=g (t) * r (t, j) (4)
X (t, j) is jth road seismic signal in formula, and r (t, j) is the bed response of corresponding jth road seismic signal；
F, it by formula (4), carries out deconvolution and handles to obtain:
R (t, j)=F-1{F[x(t,j)]/F[g(t)]} (5)
G, construct all-pass filter z (t), the phase-frequency characteristic of phase-frequency response and above-mentioned deconvolution process on the contrary, to r (t, j) into
Row zero-phase filtering correction, obtains r'(t, j)；
H, step e is repeated in g step, until completing the current institute for exciting point set altogether to each road signal of current single shot record
There is seismic trace signal processing, the harmonic wave interference to this single-shot earthquake record is effectively neutralized.
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Cited By (3)
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| CN109581481A (en) * | 2019-01-09 | 2019-04-05 | 东华理工大学 | A kind of portable high frequency controlled source seismic signal harmonic wave interference removing method |
| CN112505747A (en) * | 2020-12-22 | 2021-03-16 | 吉林大学 | System and method for suppressing vibration distortion based on cooperation of multi-signal generator and controllable seismic source |
| CN113050166A (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2021-06-29 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Seismic excitation signal correction method and device |
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