CN108956931B - Coal and gas outburst centrifugal model test device and method - Google Patents
Coal and gas outburst centrifugal model test device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108956931B CN108956931B CN201810580712.3A CN201810580712A CN108956931B CN 108956931 B CN108956931 B CN 108956931B CN 201810580712 A CN201810580712 A CN 201810580712A CN 108956931 B CN108956931 B CN 108956931B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/22—Fuels, explosives
- G01N33/222—Solid fuels, e.g. coal
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/22—Fuels, explosives
- G01N33/225—Gaseous fuels, e.g. natural gas
Abstract
The invention relates to a coal and gas outburst centrifugal model test device and a method for predicting coal and gas outburst intensity by using the device. The device comprises a centrifuge 101, a weight box 102, a test box 103 and a stratum model box 3; wherein layering sets gradually from the top down in the stratum model case: a rubber cushion 301, an overburden model 302, a seam roof model 303, an upper seam sealing film 304, a seam model 305, a lower seam sealing film 306, and a seam floor model 307; each layer is manufactured according to the actual stratum condition and the similarity material and the reduction scale. Because of the complexity of the coal and gas outburst mechanism, the research on the coal and gas outburst mechanism is still under continuous exploration, and the calculation method of the coal and gas outburst strength based on various outburst mechanism hypotheses is still immature. The experimental device can simulate the coal and gas outburst process under the action of specific stratum dead weight stress under specific centrifugal acceleration, predicts the intensity of coal and gas outburst, and has reliable structure.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of quantitative prediction and prevention of coal mining and gas outburst intensity in underground coal mines, in particular to a coal and gas outburst centrifugal model test device and a method for determining specific parameters in the device.
Background
Coal and gas outburst is one of the major mine disasters. Because of the complexity of the coal and gas outburst mechanism, research on the coal and gas outburst mechanism at home and abroad is still under continuous exploration. The proposed protrusion intensity calculation method based on various protrusion mechanism hypotheses is still immature. Under the condition, it is of great importance to explore an indoor test method capable of predicting the outburst intensity of coal and gas in a coal mine.
At present, the coal and gas outburst test device developed at home and abroad mainly performs qualitative analysis on the outburst intensity, and cannot perform quantitative prediction on the coal and gas outburst intensity in the coal mine site. The quantity of the protruded coal and rock can be from several tons to tens of thousands of tons when the coal and gas are protruded, and the traditional indoor test cannot be simulated.
The geotechnical centrifugal simulation is to place a geotechnical model with reduced size in a centrifugal machine rotating at high speed, so that the model bears the action of centrifugal acceleration larger than gravitational acceleration, and the dead weight loss of the geotechnical structure caused by model shrinkage is compensated. At present, geotechnical centrifugal simulation tests developed at home and abroad are mainly used for simulating problems such as slope stability, deep foundation pit and underground tunnel engineering, port and ocean engineering, explosion and impact loads, migration of solid waste landfill pollutants and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a centrifugal device capable of performing a simulation test on a coal and gas outburst process and a method for predicting coal and gas outburst intensity using the same.
The invention realizes the above purpose through the following technical scheme:
a coal and gas outburst centrifugal model test device comprises a centrifugal machine, a weight box, a test box and a stratum model box;
the weight box and the test box are arranged at the mutually symmetrical positions of the centrifugal machine through connecting shafts;
the shape and the weight of the test box are the same as those of the weight box;
the bottom plate of the test box is connected with the bottom plate of the stratum model box through a lower bolt;
the bottom of the weight box is fixed with a balancing weight with the same weight as the stratum model box;
the stratigraphic model box comprises: the device comprises a stratum model box bottom plate, a cover plate and a cylindrical main box arranged between the stratum model box bottom plate and the cover plate, wherein the upper edge of the main box is fixed with the cover plate in a sealing way through an upper bolt, and the stratum model box bottom plate is connected and fixed with a test box bottom plate through a lower bolt;
the rubber cushion layer is a layer of rubber, the overlying strata model is a closed box, the shape of the bottom surface of the closed box is the same as the inner cross section of the main box, steel sand or lead sand is filled in the box, the sealing film on the coal bed and the sealing film under the coal bed are sealing films with deformation capability, a sealing area is formed by the sealing film and the main box, and the coal bed model consists of coal dust and a small amount of binder and is filled in the sealing area;
the main box is provided with an extraction valve, an air injection valve and a coal uncovering device at the coal bed model, wherein the coal uncovering device is a quick type sealing valve with an automatic opening function, and the inner side of the quick type sealing valve is communicated with the coal bed model. At a proper moment, the coal uncovering device is opened to simulate the coal and gas outburst process.
The further improvement is that: four sides and the bottom of the test box are mutually connected in a sealing way, so that coal is prevented from being scattered after being sprayed out.
The further improvement is that: the centrifugal machine is a centrifugal machine with controllable rotation speed, and the coal uncovering device is a quick type sealing valve with a countdown opening function. Thus, the device can be opened when the centrifugal acceleration is needed, and the coal and gas outburst result of the dead weight stress of the specific stratum can be simulated.
Further, the method for predicting the coal and gas outburst scale by using the device is realized by the following steps:
the method for predicting the coal and gas outburst scale by using the coal and gas outburst centrifugal model test device is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1, preparing each layer of model in a stratum model box (3),
step 1-1, obtaining physical and mechanical parameters of a roof and a floor of a coal seam in a coal mine site,
step 1-2, preparing a coal seam roof model and a coal seam floor model according to measured physical and mechanical parameters of the coal seam roof and floor, preparing the coal seam model by using coal dust and a binder according to a certain proportion, preparing the coal seam roof and floor model by using similar materials (barite powder, quartz sand, gypsum, glycerol, cement and water) according to a certain proportion,
step 1-3, obtaining the actual thickness of the coal seam, the roof and the floor of the coal seam in the coal mine,
step 1-4, multiplying the actual thickness of the top and bottom plates of the coal bed byThe thickness of each layer in the model is determined,
step 1-5, preparing the height of the overburden layer model and the filling amount of steel sand and lead sand according to the principle that the product of the height, density and centrifugal acceleration of the model is equal to the dead weight stress of the overburden layer on the roof of the coal bed,
step 1-6, sequentially placing all layers into a stratum model box, selecting a rubber cushion layer (301) with proper thickness, ensuring that all layers are tightly and seamlessly arranged, and installing a cover plate by using an upper bolt;
step 2, determining the caliber of the coal uncovering device,
step 2-1, obtaining the section caliber of the coal uncovering in the coal mine site;
step 2-2, multiplying the diameter of the coal uncovering section of the coal mine site by the diameter of the coal uncovering sectionNamely the caliber of the coal uncovering device;
step 3, installing a coal uncovering device, an air extracting valve and an air injecting valve at the position of the main tank wall corresponding to the coal bed model;
step 4-1, closing the coal uncovering device and the gas injection valve, pumping out the gas in the coal bed model through the gas extraction valve,
step 4-2, closing the air extraction valve, injecting test gas into the coal bed model through the gas injection valve to enable the gas pressure in the coal bed model to reach a preset value,
step 4-3: setting the countdown time length T of the coal uncovering device,
step 4-4: the centrifuge is started, and the countdown is started,
step 4-5: after the coal uncovering device is opened, the coal and gas outburst process is finished, the movement of the centrifugal machine is stopped, and the pulverized coal in the test box is collected and weighed;
step 5-1: determining a coal and gas outburst strength similarity scale K according to a similarity theory,
step 5-2: and multiplying the coal dust mass in the test box by K to convert the coal and gas outburst coal dust mass into the coal and gas outburst strength of an actual scene.
The principle of the invention: if the centrifugal model obtains N times of gravity acceleration, the self-weight stress ratio of the model with reduced size by N times is equal to the density ratio of the model with reduced size to the prototype, which is the principle of self-weight stress similarity; according to the boundary condition similarity principle, the width of the stratum model is larger than 20 times of the caliber of the coal uncovering device.
The geotechnical centrifugal simulation is to place a geotechnical model with reduced size in a centrifugal machine rotating at high speed, so that the model bears the action of centrifugal acceleration larger than gravitational acceleration, and the dead weight loss of the geotechnical structure caused by model shrinkage is compensated. At present, the current time of the process,the geotechnical centrifugal simulation test developed at home and abroad is mainly used for simulating the problems of slope stability, deep foundation pit and underground tunnel engineering, port and ocean engineering, explosion and impact load, migration of solid waste landfill pollutants and the like. Placing the reduced-size formation model in a centrifuge rotating at high speed, and subjecting the model to centrifugal acceleration higher than gravitational acceleration. Thus, for a gravity-operated formation model, when the model reduced in size by N times is assumed to be subjected to N times of gravitational acceleration, the model dead weight stress is considered to be similar to that of the prototype. At present, the research on the aspects of predicting the landslide scale, the pit volume and the like of soil and rock mass through centrifugal model tests at home and abroad achieves good effects. According to the similarity relation of the centrifugal model, if the centrifugal acceleration is N times of the gravity acceleration, and the prototype size is reduced by N times, the explosion energy in the model is N times of the prototype 3 Multiple times. The university of Wales in the united kingdom studied the effect of underground explosions on underground structures by a series of centrifugal model experiments in which studies of pit shape showed that the pit volume obtained in the model experiments was very close to that predicted by empirical formulas derived from field test observations.
The coal and gas outburst is the result of the interaction of three factors of coal bed properties, ground stress (including dead weight stress, structural stress and mining stress) and gas pressure. According to the actual thickness of the stratum in the coal mine site, a reduced stratum model is manufactured according to a scale relationship, and the physical and mechanical parameters of each stratum model are prepared according to a similarity ratio by referring to the physical and mechanical parameters of the actual stratum; closing the gas injection valve and the coal uncovering device, pumping out air in the coal bed model, injecting test gas, and enabling the air pressure of the coal bed model to reach a preset value; and starting the centrifugal machine, and when the centrifugal acceleration reaches a set acceleration value according to a preset time, automatically starting the coal uncovering device to simulate coal uncovering on a coal mine site, so as to generate once simulated coal and gas outburst. According to the protruding intensity scale relation of the centrifugal model test, the protruding intensity of the coal and the gas obtained by the model test is converted into the on-site protruding intensity, so that the quantitative prediction of the protruding intensity of the coal and the gas in the coal mine is realized.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: because of the complexity of the coal and gas outburst mechanism, the research on the coal and gas outburst mechanism is still under continuous exploration, and the calculation method of the coal and gas outburst strength based on various outburst mechanism hypotheses is still immature. The amount of coal and rock protruding when coal and gas outburst occurs can be from several tons to tens of thousands of tons in scale, and conventional tests cannot be simulated.
The 'space-time compression effect' of the centrifugal model test can replace a prototype geologic body with a small scale model, thereby meeting the requirements of predicting the protruding intensity of coal and gas. The coal and gas outburst centrifugal model test is not only a test method for predicting on-site coal and gas outburst, but also an important test means for verifying the rationality of the coal and gas outburst mechanism. The stratum model similar to the geological conditions of the coal mine site is established, the model is subjected to dead weight stress and coal bed air pressure conditions similar to those of the site, and the protrusion intensity obtained by the simulation test is converted into the protrusion intensity of the coal mine site according to the model similarity relationship, so that the quantitative prediction of the protrusion intensity of coal and gas is realized.
In addition, the invention provides the manufacturing proportion and method of the concrete model and the countdown time length setting of the coal uncovering device, so that the method has better practicability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the stationary overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the overall runtime architecture of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the earth model box 3 in the present invention.
Wherein: 101. centrifuge, 3, stratigraphic model box, 501, lower bolt, 103, test box, 106, run time test box, 107, run time weight box, 102, weight box, 502, upper bolt, 2, stratigraphic model box bottom plate, 105, test box bottom plate, 8, stratigraphic model box top rim, 9, stratigraphic model box cover plate, 301, rubber cushion, 302, overburden model, 303, coal seam roof model, 304, coal seam upper sealing membrane, 305, coal seam model, 306, coal seam lower sealing membrane, 307, coal seam bottom plate model, 4, coal uncovering device, 501, lower bolt, 6, extraction valve, 7, injection valve.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the present application is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and it is to be understood that the following detailed description is merely illustrative of the application and is not to be construed as limiting the scope of the application, since numerous insubstantial modifications and adaptations of the application will be to those skilled in the art in light of the foregoing disclosure.
As shown in fig. 1 and 3, a coal and gas outburst centrifugal model test device comprises a centrifugal machine 101, a weight box 102, a test box 103 and a stratum model box 3;
the centrifugal machine 101 is a centrifugal machine with controllable rotation acceleration; the weight box 102 and the test box 103 are arranged at the symmetrical positions of the centrifugal machine 101 through connecting shafts 104;
the shape and the weight of the test box 103 and the weight box 102 are the same;
the test box bottom plate 105 of the test box 103 is connected with the stratum model box bottom plate 2 through a lower bolt 501; the four sides and the bottom of the test chamber 103 are connected to each other in a sealed manner.
The bottom of the weight box 102 is provided with a weight block which has the same weight as the stratum model box 3;
the stratigraphic model box 3 comprises: the floor model box bottom plate 2, the cover plate 9 and a columnar main box between the floor model box bottom plate and the cover plate, wherein the upper edge 8 of the main box is sealed and fixed with the cover plate 9 through an upper bolt 502, and the floor model box bottom plate 2 is connected and fixed with the test box bottom plate 105 through a lower bolt 501;
the space enclosed between the floor model box bottom plate 2, the cover plate 9 and the main box is sequentially layered from top to bottom: a rubber cushion 301, an overburden model 302, a seam roof model 303, an upper seam sealing film 304, a seam model 305, a lower seam sealing film 306, and a seam floor model 307;
the rubber cushion layer 301 is a layer of rubber, the overlying strata model 302 is a closed box, the bottom surface shape of the closed box is the same as the inner cross section of the main box, steel sand or lead sand is filled in the box, the upper sealing film 304 and the lower sealing film 306 of the coal bed are elastic sealing films, a sealing area is formed by the sealing films and the main box, and the coal bed model 305 is composed of coal dust and a small amount of binder and is filled in the sealing area;
the main box is provided with an extraction valve 6, a gas injection valve 7 and a coal uncovering device 4 at the position of the coal bed model 305, wherein the coal uncovering device 4 is a quick type sealing valve with a countdown automatic opening function, and the inner side of the quick type sealing valve is communicated with the coal bed model 305.
When the device is used for carrying out the simulation prediction of coal and gas outburst, the device is carried out according to the following steps:
step 1, preparing each layer of model in a stratum model box (3),
step 1-2, obtaining physical and mechanical parameters of a roof and a floor of a coal seam in a coal mine site,
step 1-3, preparing a coal seam roof model and a coal seam floor model according to measured physical and mechanical parameters of the coal seam roof and floor, wherein the coal seam model is prepared by coal dust and a binder according to a certain proportion, the coal seam roof and floor model is prepared by adopting similar materials (barite powder, quartz sand, gypsum, glycerol, cement and water) according to a certain proportion,
step 1-4, obtaining the actual thickness of the coal seam, the roof and the floor of the coal seam in the coal mine,
step 1-5, multiplying the actual thickness of the top and bottom plates of the coal bed byThe thickness of each layer in the model is determined,
step 1-6, preparing the height of the overburden layer model and the filling amount of steel sand and lead sand according to the principle that the product of the height, density and centrifugal acceleration of the model is equal to the dead weight pressure of the overburden layer on the roof of the coal bed,
step 1-7, sequentially placing all layers into a stratum model box (3), selecting a rubber cushion layer (301) with proper thickness, ensuring that all layers are tightly seamless, and installing a cover plate (9) by using an upper bolt (502);
step 2, determining the caliber of the coal uncovering device (4),
step 2-1, obtaining the section caliber of the coal uncovering in the coal mine site;
step 2-2, multiplying the diameter of the coal uncovering section of the coal mine site by the diameter of the coal uncovering sectionNamely the caliber of the coal uncovering device (4);
step 3, installing a coal uncovering device (4), an air extracting valve (6) and an air injecting valve (7) at the position of the main tank wall corresponding to the coal bed model (305);
step 4-1, closing the coal uncovering device (4) and the gas injection valve (7), pumping out the gas in the coal bed model (305) through the gas extraction valve (6),
step 4-2, closing the air extraction valve (6), injecting test gas into the coal bed model (305) through the air injection valve (7) to enable the air pressure in the coal bed model (305) to reach a preset value,
step 4-3: the countdown time length T of the coal uncovering device (4) is set, the preset rotating speed can be reached generally about 30 minutes,
step 4-4: the centrifuge 101 is started, and a countdown is started,
step 4-5: after the coal uncovering device 4 is opened, the coal and gas outburst process is finished, the movement of the centrifugal machine 101 is stopped, and the pulverized coal in the test box 103 is collected and weighed;
step 5-1: determining a coal and gas outburst strength similarity scale K according to a similarity theory,
step 5-2: the coal dust mass in the test chamber 103 is multiplied by K to be converted into the coal and gas outburst coal dust mass of the actual scene, namely the coal and gas outburst intensity.
The foregoing examples illustrate only a few embodiments of the invention and are described in detail herein without thereby limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, which are all within the scope of the invention.
Claims (1)
1. A method for predicting coal and gas outburst intensity by using a coal and gas outburst centrifugal model test device, which is characterized by comprising a centrifugal machine (101), a weight box (102), a test box (103) and a stratum model box (3);
the centrifugal machine (101) is a centrifugal machine with controllable rotation speed;
the weight box (102) and the test box (103) are arranged at the symmetrical positions of the centrifugal machine (101) through connecting shafts (104);
four sides and the bottom of the test box (103) are connected with each other in a sealing way, and the shape and the weight of the test box (103) are the same as those of the weight box (102);
the test box bottom plate (105) of the test box (103) is connected with the stratum model bottom plate (2) through a lower bolt (501);
the bottom of the weight box (102) is provided with a balancing weight which has the same weight as the stratum model box (3);
the stratigraphic model box (3) comprises: the device comprises a stratum model box bottom plate (2), a cover plate (9) and a columnar main box arranged between the stratum model box bottom plate and the cover plate, wherein the upper edge (8) of the main box is fixed with the cover plate (9) in a sealing way through an upper bolt (502), and the stratum model box bottom plate (2) is connected and fixed with a test box bottom plate (105) through a lower bolt (501);
the space enclosed between stratum model case bottom plate (2), apron (9) and the main tank, layering sets gradually from the top down: a rubber cushion layer (301), an overlying rock layer model (302), a coal seam roof model (303), a coal seam upper sealing film (304), a coal seam model (305), a coal seam lower sealing film (306) and a coal seam bottom plate model (307);
the rubber cushion layer (301) is a layer of rubber, the upper strata model (302) is a closed box, the bottom surface shape of the closed box is the same as the inner section of the main box, steel sand or lead sand is filled in the box and used for compensating the dead weight stress of the upper strata of the coal seam roof, the upper sealing film (304) and the lower sealing film (306) of the coal seam are sealing films with deformation capacity, a sealing area is formed by the closed box and the main box, and the coal seam model (305) is composed of coal dust and a small amount of binder and is filled in the sealing area;
the main box is provided with an extraction valve (6), a gas injection valve (7) and a coal uncovering device (4) at the position of the coal bed model (305), wherein the coal uncovering device (4) is a quick type sealing valve with a countdown opening function, and the inner side of the quick type sealing valve is communicated with the coal bed model (305);
wherein the method comprises the steps of:
step 1, preparing each layer of model in a stratum model box (3);
step 1-1, obtaining physical and mechanical parameters of a roof and a floor of a coal seam in a coal mine site;
step 1-2, preparing a coal seam roof model and a coal seam floor model according to measured physical and mechanical parameters of the coal seam roof and floor, wherein the coal seam model is prepared by coal dust and a binder according to a certain proportion, and the coal seam roof and floor model are prepared by adopting similar materials, namely barite powder, quartz sand, gypsum, glycerol, cement and water according to a certain proportion;
step 1-3, obtaining the actual thickness of a coal seam, a roof and a bottom plate of the coal seam in a coal mine site;
step 1-4, multiplying the actual thickness of the top and bottom plates of the coal bed byDetermining the thickness of each layer in the model;
step 1-5, preparing the height of a model of the overburden layer and the filling quantity of steel sand and lead sand according to the principle that the product of the height, density and centrifugal acceleration of the model is equal to the dead weight stress of the overburden layer on the roof of the coal bed;
step 1-6, sequentially placing all layers into a stratum model box (3), selecting a rubber cushion layer (301) with proper thickness, ensuring that all layers are tightly seamless, and installing a cover plate (9) by using an upper bolt (502);
step 2, determining the caliber of the coal uncovering device (4),
step 2-1, obtaining the section caliber of the coal uncovering in the coal mine site;
step 2-2, multiplying the diameter of the coal uncovering section of the coal mine site by the diameter of the coal uncovering sectionNamely the caliber of the coal uncovering device (4);
step 3, installing a coal uncovering device (4), an air extracting valve (6) and an air injecting valve (7) at the position of the main tank wall corresponding to the coal bed model (305);
step 4-1, closing the coal uncovering device (4) and the gas injection valve (7), and pumping out gas in the coal bed model (305) through the gas extraction valve (6);
step 4-2, closing the air extraction valve (6), and injecting test gas into the coal bed model (305) through the air injection valve (7) to enable the air pressure in the coal bed model (305) to reach a preset value;
step 4-3: setting a countdown time length T of the coal uncovering device (4);
step 4-4: starting the centrifuge (101) and starting the countdown;
step 4-5: after the coal uncovering device (4) is opened, the coal and gas protrusion process is finished, the movement of the centrifugal machine (101) is stopped, and the pulverized coal in the test box (103) is collected and weighed;
step 5-1: determining a coal and gas outburst strength similarity scale K according to a similarity theory;
step 5-2: the coal powder mass in the test box (103) is multiplied by K to be converted into the coal and gas outburst coal powder mass of an actual scene, namely the coal and gas outburst strength.
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