CN108956196B - Pull-up type shearing probe and method for soil body in-situ test - Google Patents
Pull-up type shearing probe and method for soil body in-situ test Download PDFInfo
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- CN108956196B CN108956196B CN201810705834.0A CN201810705834A CN108956196B CN 108956196 B CN108956196 B CN 108956196B CN 201810705834 A CN201810705834 A CN 201810705834A CN 108956196 B CN108956196 B CN 108956196B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/04—Devices for withdrawing samples in the solid state, e.g. by cutting
- G01N1/08—Devices for withdrawing samples in the solid state, e.g. by cutting involving an extracting tool, e.g. core bit
Abstract
The utility model provides a pull-up formula shear probe for soil body normal position test, including force sensor, well core rod, the round hammer connects, two style of calligraphy shear plates, two bracing pieces, the shear plate fixed block, the bearing block, the slide bar, force sensor is connected with well core rod upper end, well core rod lower extreme is connected with the shear plate fixed block, the slide bar upper end is connected with shear plate fixed block lower extreme, the circular cone connects and is connected with the slide bar lower extreme, well core rod both sides are located to two style of calligraphy shear plates symmetries, and the one end of two style of calligraphy shear plates is rotated and is located well hypomere of well core rod, the shear plate fixed block is located a style of calligraphy shear plate below, the bearing block sliding sleeve is established in the slide bar outside, the one end of bracing piece is articulated with the. The invention can continuously, quickly and accurately measure the shearing force of the soil body in an upward pulling mode, and obtains the soil engineering property through the shearing force.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of land soil layer and underwater soil layer exploration and in-situ test, in particular to an upward-pulling type shearing probe and a method for soil body in-situ test.
Background
At present, the in-situ test method for continuously, quickly and directly obtaining the engineering properties of the original state of a soil body generally adopts a static sounding method, the method is to press a probe into the soil at a certain speed in a static pressure mode, the penetration resistance of the probe is measured by using a sensor in the probe, the engineering properties of the soil layer are known through the change of the penetration resistance, and the method is widely applied to the test of fine soil such as cohesive soil, silty soil, sandy soil, filling materials and the like.
However, the static cone penetration test has more influence factors, such as probe inclination can cause the measurement distortion of penetration resistance; the bending and inclination of the probe rod can cause inaccurate measurement of penetration depth and influence penetration force conduction, the factors influence the test result of static sounding, and artificial correction has certain blindness; in addition, the counter force of the static sounding equipment pressing in is provided by the aid of the spiral plates or the heaped load, when the static sounding equipment encounters old clay and sand layers with high strength, pressing in becomes very difficult, the static sounding probe is easy to damage, and problems occur when one probe touches a plurality of holes, so that the engineering progress is influenced, and the sounding test cost is increased.
When the static sounding test is used for testing underwater soil layers, a large-tonnage integrated ship is used as a test carrier to provide test counter force, so that the test cost is high, the probe rod is easily influenced by water flow, the test depth is shallow, the operation risk is high, and the test result precision is not high.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical defects, the invention provides the pull-up type shearing probe and the method for the soil body in-situ test, the probe can continuously, quickly and accurately test the shearing force of the soil body in a pull-up mode, and the soil layer engineering property is obtained through the shearing force, the probe has low cost, simple test operation, few influencing factors, stable test result and durable probe; the size of the probe can be changed, so that the probe can be applied to different soil layers, and the application range is wide; and when the penetration test is carried out in underwater engineering, the requirement on a test carrier is not high, the test cost is low, the influence of water flow is small, and the test result is more reliable.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a pull-up formula shear probe for soil body normal position test, includes that force sensor, well core rod, round hammer connect, force sensor is connected its characterized in that with well core rod upper end: still include two style of calligraphy shear plates, two bracing pieces, the shear plate fixed block, the bearing piece, the slide bar, well core rod lower extreme is connected with the shear plate fixed block, the slide bar upper end is connected with shear plate fixed block lower extreme, the conical joint is connected with the slide bar lower extreme, well core rod both sides are located to two style of calligraphy shear plates symmetry, and the one end of two style of calligraphy shear plates is rotated and is located well core rod hypomere, the shear plate fixed block is located a style of calligraphy shear plate below, the bearing piece sliding sleeve is established in the slide bar outside, the one end of bracing piece is articulated with the bottom surface of a style of calligraphy shear plate, the other end is articulated with the bearing piece.
Furthermore, one end of each of the two linear shearing plates is connected with the middle-lower section of the center rod through a first connecting pin, the linear shearing plates can rotate around the first connecting pins under the action of tensile force, and when the linear shearing plates are opened and rotate for 90 degrees, the shearing plate fixing blocks prevent the linear shearing plates from continuing to rotate.
Furthermore, one end of the supporting rod is connected with the convex block positioned on the bottom surface of the linear shear plate 3 through a second connecting pin, the other end of the supporting rod is connected with the bearing block through a third connecting pin, the bearing block moves downwards along the sliding rod under the action of pulling force, and the supporting rod is opened by rotating around the third connecting pin.
Furthermore, the center lines of the tension sensor, the center rod and the sliding rod are positioned on the same axis.
Furthermore, the tension sensor is connected with the upper end of the center line rod through threads, and the sliding rod is connected with the lower end of the shear plate fixing block through threads.
Furthermore, the linear shear plate, the support rod, the shear plate fixing block, the bearing block, the sliding rod and the round hammer joint are all made of high-strength stainless steel materials.
Furthermore, the cross section of the linear shear plate is triangular, and after the linear shear plate is opened, the axis of the linear shear plate is perpendicular to the direction of tension, so that the linear shear plate and a soil body have a fixed contact area and a fixed stress direction.
A method for soil body in-situ test is carried out by using the pull-up type shearing probe, and comprises the following steps:
(1) the counter-force balancing device is arranged at the position of a drilling hole to provide counter-force during the pull-up shear test, the upper pull rod positioning sleeve is fixed at the position of the drilling hole, the upper pull rod is vertical, and the position of a measuring point is accurate;
(2) connecting the pull-up type shearing probe with the pull-up rod by adopting threads, connecting a cable with the pull-up type shearing probe by adopting a bolt, and performing waterproof work by using a sealing gasket;
(3) placing the pull-up type shearing probe into the position of the maximum testing depth in the drill hole, and if a small amount of particles are blocked, pressing in by adopting a static pressure method;
(4) the upper pulling rod provides an upper pulling force through a clamping machine tool and a traction device, so that the consistency of the pulling force, the central line of the upper pulling rod and the stress direction of the probe is ensured, and the test can be carried out by applying the upper pulling force to open the probe;
(5) connecting a cable of the tension sensor with a digital reading instrument, drawing the probe at a uniform speed, and carrying out an upward-pulling shearing test according to related regulations, wherein the upward-pulling shearing probe is calibrated in advance before the test;
(6) after the test is finished, the upper pull type shearing probe and the upper pull rod are disassembled and cleaned, the probe is calibrated again, the working state of the probe is checked, and preparation is made for the next test
Furthermore, when the coarse soil or the hard soil layer is encountered in the test process, the pull-out type shearing probe is pressed downwards, the linear shearing plate is folded, and after the coarse soil or the hard soil layer passes through, the linear shearing plate is opened to continue the test.
The invention relates to an upward-pulling type shearing probe for soil body in-situ test, which can continuously, quickly and accurately test the shearing force of a soil body in an upward-pulling mode and obtain the soil layer mechanical characteristics according to the relation between the shearing force and the conical tip resistance. The probe has the advantages of compact and durable structure, simple and quick test operation, low test cost and few influence factors; the probe type can be changed and applied to different soil layers, the test result is stable and reliable, and the application range is wide; the advantages are particularly obvious in the test of the soft soil layer; and when the penetration test is carried out in underwater engineering, the requirement on a test carrier for providing counter force is not high, the test cost is low, the influence of water flow is small, and the test result is more reliable.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an expanded pull-up shear probe for in-situ soil testing according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an upward-pulling type shearing probe for soil body in-situ test provided when the upward-pulling type shearing probe is unfolded;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the in-situ test shear apparatus with the pull-out shear probe as the core according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a static cone penetration curve measured when the same soil layer test is carried out by using the in-situ test shear apparatus using the present invention as a core component and a conventional static cone penetration apparatus.
In the figure: the device comprises a tension sensor 1, a tension sensor 2, a center rod 3, a linear shearing plate 4, a bump 5, a connecting pin 6, a connecting pin 7, a supporting rod 8, a shearing plate fixing block 9, a connecting pin 10, a bearing block 11, a sliding rod 12, a circular hammer joint 13, an upward-pulling type shearing probe 14, a drill hole 15, a cable and an upward-pulling rod 16.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, one embodiment of the pull-up type shear probe for soil body in-situ test of the present invention includes a tension sensor 1, a central rod 2, two linear shear plates 3, a support rod 7, a shear plate fixing block 8, a bearing block 10, a sliding rod 11, and a circular hammer joint 12.
Tension sensor 1 is connected with 2 upper ends of well core rod, and 2 lower extremes of well core rod are connected with shear plate fixed block 8, and 11 upper ends of slide bar are connected with 8 lower extremes of shear plate fixed block, and conical joint 12 is connected with 11 lower extremes of slide bar. Two 3 symmetries of a style of calligraphy shear plates are located 2 both sides in well core rod, and the one end of two style of calligraphy shear plates 3 is rotated and is located 2 well hypomere in well core rod, and is concrete, and the one end of two style of calligraphy shear plates 3 passes through connecting pin 6 with well core rod 2 well hypomere to be connected, and shear plate fixed block 8 is located a style of calligraphy shear plate 3 below.
The bearing block 10 is sleeved outside the sliding rod 11 in a sliding mode, and the bearing block 10 can slide up and down between the shear plate fixing block 8 and the conical joint 12. One end of the support rod 7 is connected with the convex block 4 on the bottom surface of the straight-line shear plate 3 through the connecting pin 5, and the other end is connected with the bearing block 10 through the connecting pin 9.
Tension sensor 1, well core rod 2 and 11 central lines of slide bar are on same axis, and tension sensor 1 and 2 upper end accessible threaded connection of central line pole, and slide bar 11 and 8 lower extreme accessible threaded connection of shear plate fixed block make things convenient for part to change and transport.
In an initial state, the two linear shearing plates 3 are in a folded state, namely are in a vertical state and cling to the central rod 2, when an upward pulling force is applied to the probe, the two linear shearing plates 3 are respectively opened towards two sides around the connecting pin 6 and gradually penetrate into a soil body (as shown in figure 2) under the action of the pulling force, and when the two linear shearing plates 3 are opened to be in a straight line (as shown in figure 1), the shearing plate fixing blocks 8 prevent the linear shearing plates 3 from continuously rotating. At a style of calligraphy shear plate 3 in-process of opening, the bracing piece 7 of being connected with a style of calligraphy shear plate 3 drives bearing block 10 and moves down along slide bar 11, and when a style of calligraphy shear plate 3 becomes horizontal straight line, bearing block 10 just in time contacts with conical joint 12 bottom surface, and at this moment, bracing piece 7 provides the support reinforcement effect to a style of calligraphy shear plate 3 through bearing block 10, ensures that two a style of calligraphy shear plates become a horizontal straight line all the time in the test process.
The straight shear plate 3, the support rod 7, the shear plate fixing block 8, the bearing block 10, the sliding rod 11 and the round hammer joint 12 are all made of high-strength stainless steel materials.
The cross section of the straight shearing plate 3 is triangular, and after the shearing plate is opened, the axis of the shearing plate is perpendicular to the direction of tension, so that the shearing plate and a soil body are ensured to have fixed contact area and stress direction.
The probe assembly process is as follows:
firstly, a center rod 2 is connected with a shear plate fixing block 8, a linear shear plate 3 is hinged with the middle-lower section of the center rod 2 through a connecting pin 6, the linear shear plate 3 can rotate around the connecting pin 6, and after the linear shear plate rotates for 90 degrees, the linear shear plate 3 is prevented from continuing to rotate by a pressure-bearing block 8.
And secondly, connecting a sliding rod 11 with the lower end of a shear plate fixing block 8, sleeving a bearing block 10 outside the sliding rod 11, connecting one end of a support rod 7 with a convex block 4 on the bottom surface of the linear shear plate 3 through a connecting pin 5, and connecting the other end of the support rod with the bearing block 10 through a connecting pin 9.
The invention also provides a process for carrying out an in-situ test by adopting the pull-up type shearing probe, which is different from the prior test and mainly comprises the following steps (as shown in figure 3):
(1) the counter-force balancing device is arranged at the position of the drill hole 14 to provide counter force during the pull-up shear test, the positioning sleeve of the upper pull rod 16 is fixed at the position of the hole of the drill hole 14, the upper pull rod is vertical to 16 degrees, and the position of a measuring point is accurate;
(2) connecting the upper pull-out type shearing probe 13 with an upper pull-out rod 14 by adopting threads, connecting a cable 15 with the upper pull-out type shearing probe 13 by adopting a bolt, and performing waterproof work by using a sealing gasket;
(3) placing the pull-up type shearing probe 13 into the position of the maximum testing depth in the drill hole; if a small amount of particles are blocked, pressing in by adopting a static pressure method;
(4) the upper pulling rod 16 provides an upper pulling force through a clamping machine tool and a traction device, so that the tension, the central line of the upper pulling rod and the stress direction of the probe are consistent, and the probe can be opened by applying the upper pulling force to carry out a test;
(5) connecting a cable of the tension sensor 1 with a digital reading instrument, drawing the probe at a uniform speed, carrying out an upward-pulling shearing test according to relevant regulations, and calibrating an upward-pulling shearing probe in advance before the test;
(6) after the test is finished, the upper pull type shearing probe 13 and the upper pull rod 16 are disassembled and cleaned, the probe is calibrated again, the working state of the probe is checked, and preparation is made for the next test.
When encountering coarse soil or hard soil layer in the test process, the probe can be pressed downwards, the shear plate is folded, and the shear plate is opened after passing through the coarse soil or hard soil layer, so that the test can be continued.
In order to prove the effect of the invention, a testability test is carried out on the site, a cordless static penetrometer and an in-situ test shearing instrument which is newly developed by the invention and takes the pull-up type in-situ test pull-up shearing probe as a core part are respectively adopted to carry out test tests on the same soil layer, and the test result is shown in figure 4.
The test results show that: the pull-up type in-situ shear test curve has the same change rule with the conventional static sounding curve, and shows that the in-situ shear test completely meets the test requirements of the static sounding of a fine-grained soil layer, so that the problems that the conventional static sounding probe is easy to damage, many test result influence factors exist, and the test cost of the static sounding in underwater engineering is high are solved, the soil resistance borne by the shear plate can be more accurately measured, and the mechanical and physical parameters of the soil body are more truly reflected.
The invention breaks through the problems of insufficient counter force or low test precision in soft soil when the conventional in-situ test is used for measuring the cone tip resistance through pressing down, breaks through the limitation that a large ship is used as a test carrier in the underwater in-situ test, and can obtain the soil shearing force through pulling up so as to obtain the soil parameters. Aiming at the mechanical characteristics of different soil layers, probes of different types can be adopted, so that the application range of the in-situ shear tester is expanded; when the underwater test is carried out, the pull-up type shearing probe is adopted, a large-scale integrated ship is not needed to be used as a carrier, the test cost is greatly reduced, the contact area of the pull-up type shearing probe and a soil body is large, the measured shearing resistance can be converted into the conical tip resistance, the test result is more accurate, and the pull-up type shearing probe can be widely applied to the in-situ test of various fine-grained rock-soil bodies and underwater soil bodies and has good popularization and application prospects.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a pull-up formula shear probe for soil body normal position test, includes force sensor, well core rod, conical joint, force sensor is connected its characterized in that with well core rod upper end: the lower end of the central rod is connected with the shear plate fixing block, the upper end of the sliding rod is connected with the lower end of the shear plate fixing block, the conical joint is connected with the lower end of the sliding rod, the two linear shear plates are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the central rod, one end of each linear shear plate is rotatably arranged on the middle-lower section of the central rod, the shear plate fixing block is positioned below the linear shear plate, the bearing block is sleeved on the outer side of the sliding rod in a sliding mode, one end of the supporting rod is hinged to the bottom surface of the linear shear plate, and the other end of the supporting rod is hinged to the bearing block; one ends of the two linear shearing plates are connected with the middle-lower section of the central rod through a first connecting pin, the linear shearing plates can rotate around the first connecting pin under the action of tensile force, and when the linear shearing plates are opened and rotate for 90 degrees, the shearing plate fixing blocks prevent the linear shearing plates from continuing to rotate; the cross section of the linear shearing plate is triangular, and after the linear shearing plate is opened, the axis of the linear shearing plate is perpendicular to the direction of tension, so that the linear shearing plate and a soil body have fixed contact area and stress direction.
2. The pull-up shear probe for in situ soil testing of claim 1, wherein: one end of the supporting rod is connected with the convex block located on the bottom surface of the linear shear plate through the second connecting pin, the other end of the supporting rod is connected with the bearing block through the third connecting pin, the bearing block moves downwards along the sliding rod under the action of pulling force, and the supporting rod is opened in a rotating mode around the third connecting pin.
3. The pull-up shear probe for in situ soil testing of claim 1, wherein: the central lines of the tension sensor, the central rod and the sliding rod are positioned on the same axis.
4. The pull-up shear probe for in situ soil testing of claim 1, wherein: the tension sensor is connected with the upper end of the central rod through threads, and the sliding rod is connected with the lower end of the shear plate fixing block through threads.
5. The pull-up shear probe for in situ soil testing of claim 1, wherein: the straight shear plate, the supporting rod, the shear plate fixing block, the bearing block, the sliding rod and the conical joint are all made of high-strength stainless steel materials.
6. A method for in situ testing of soil using a pull-up shear probe according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the steps of:
(1) the counter-force balancing device is arranged at the position of a drilling hole to provide counter-force during the pull-up shear test, the upper pull rod positioning sleeve is fixed at the position of the drilling hole, the upper pull rod is vertical, and the position of a measuring point is accurate;
(2) connecting the pull-up type shearing probe with the pull-up rod by adopting threads, connecting a cable with the pull-up type shearing probe by adopting a bolt, and performing waterproof work by using a sealing gasket;
(3) placing the pull-up type shearing probe into the position of the maximum testing depth in the drill hole, and if a small amount of particles are blocked, pressing in by adopting a static pressure method;
(4) the upper pulling rod provides an upper pulling force through a clamping machine tool and a traction device, so that the consistency of the pulling force, the central line of the upper pulling rod and the stress direction of the probe is ensured, and the probe is opened by applying the upper pulling force to carry out a test;
(5) connecting a cable of the tension sensor with a digital reading instrument, drawing the probe at a uniform speed, and carrying out an upward-pulling shearing test according to related regulations, wherein the upward-pulling shearing probe is calibrated in advance before the test;
(6) after the test is finished, the upper pull type shearing probe and the upper pull rod are disassembled and cleaned, the probe is calibrated again, the working state of the probe is checked, and preparation is made for the next test.
7. The method for in situ testing of a soil mass of claim 6, wherein: when the coarse soil or the hard soil layer is encountered in the test process, the pull-out type shearing probe is pressed downwards, the linear shearing plate is folded, and after the coarse soil or the hard soil layer passes through, the linear shearing plate is opened to continue the test.
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| CN110018053A (en) * | 2019-04-11 | 2019-07-16 | 三峡大学 | A kind of soil body scene pull-out test device |
| CN112326459A (en) * | 2019-08-05 | 2021-02-05 | 张继红 | True in-situ shear test method and true in-situ shear tester used by same |
| CN114062646A (en) * | 2021-09-26 | 2022-02-18 | 广东省路桥建设发展有限公司 | Testing device and testing method for lateral geological exploration in drill hole |
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| WO2011017754A1 (en) * | 2009-08-13 | 2011-02-17 | Benthic Geotech Pty Ltd | Pipeline simulation device |
| CN101865802A (en) * | 2010-05-26 | 2010-10-20 | 西安科技大学 | Soil in-situ shear resistance tester |
| CN104458445B (en) * | 2014-12-08 | 2017-05-10 | 河南城建学院 | Shear test device and shear test method in in-situ soil body pore |
| CN104535488B (en) * | 2014-12-24 | 2017-04-05 | 河南理工大学 | The device and assay method of the somewhat hard soil layer cohesive strength of in-site detecting and internal friction angle |
| CN205242396U (en) * | 2015-12-17 | 2016-05-18 | 长江水利委员会长江科学院 | Wide blade umbellate form anchor anchor head of axial symmetry formula |
| CN105928803B (en) * | 2016-07-15 | 2019-06-11 | 中南大学 | A kind of the shear strength parameter in-situ testing device and test method of the soil body |
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