CN108955874B - Sky light background measuring device and method for narrow-band continuous infrared spectrum scanning - Google Patents
Sky light background measuring device and method for narrow-band continuous infrared spectrum scanning Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a sky light background measuring device and a method for narrow-band continuous infrared spectrum scanning, which are used for designing a high vacuum heat insulation structure for an InSb detector and an optical system, deeply refrigerating the InSb detector to be below 100K by using a deep refrigerating machine, deeply refrigerating a key part in the optical system, and inhibiting the noise of the detector and the optical background noise so as to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the system; performing alternating current processing on the infrared sky light background signal by using a deep-refrigeration tuning fork chopper, and then selecting a field angle and a waveband so as to complete scanning of a narrow waveband; and reading and collecting data of the detector signal by using a high-precision digital phase-locking technology to complete the measurement of the infrared skylight background.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of infrared energy measurement, in particular to a sky light background measuring device and method for narrow-band continuous infrared spectrum scanning.
Background
The sky light, also known as sky background, is a common result of cosmic background radiation, atmospheric emission and atmospheric scattering, has a great influence on ground-based astronomical observation, particularly for infrared astronomical observation equipment, corresponding construction and design of the infrared astronomical observation equipment, background intensity monitoring data of an infrared band must be acquired, limit stars and the like which can be reached by the infrared observation equipment are determined, the reference is an important reference for evaluating whether a candidate station address is suitable for constructing corresponding equipment, and guidance is provided for selecting possible observation targets in the future. In the near infrared band, the sky background mainly contributes to the fluorescence emission from hydroxyl (OH) molecules in the atmosphere and the atmospheric glow emission, as shown in fig. 1. Background emissions of these bands are a major source of noise that interferes with ground-based astronomical observations. The target signal of the infrared celestial light measurement is a background signal of the sky, namely a celestial light signal, belongs to the measurement of a noise signal in astronomical observation, and the intensity of the target signal is very weak.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
In view of the above technical problems, the present invention provides an apparatus and a method for measuring background of sky light for narrow-band continuous infrared spectrum scanning. The invention carries out high-precision intensity measurement on the narrow band of the infrared sky light background, is suitable for continuous measurement and scanning of various infrared narrow band energies with extremely low intensity, can obtain more accurate band energy distribution, and solves the problem of accurate spectrum scanning measurement of the weak infrared sky light background.
(II) technical scheme
According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided an celestial background measurement device for narrow-band continuous infrared spectroscopy scanning, comprising: the system comprises a scanning reflector module, a concave reflector module, a tuning fork chopper module, an adjustable diaphragm module, a linear variable optical filter module, a lens module, an InSb detector module, a vacuum refrigeration module, a front amplifier module, an electronic control module, a data acquisition and control module and a host control module; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the scanning reflector module comprises a scanning reflector, the concave reflector module comprises a concave reflector, the tuning fork chopper module comprises a tuning fork chopper, the adjustable diaphragm module comprises an adjustable diaphragm, and the linear variable optical filter module comprises a linear variable optical filter;
the vacuum refrigeration module comprises a vacuum cavity and a refrigerator, the vacuum cavity is connected with the refrigerator, and the tuning fork chopper module, the adjustable diaphragm module, the linear variable optical filter module, the lens module and the InSb detector module are all arranged inside the vacuum cavity;
during measurement, infrared sky light background signals pass through the concave reflector module from the scanning reflector module, pass through the tuning fork chopper module, the adjustable diaphragm module, the linear variable optical filter module and the lens module, and reach the InSb detector module to perform photoelectric signal conversion detection; the front amplification module performs high-gain amplification on the signal detected by the InSb detector module, the data acquisition and control module performs analog-to-digital conversion on the signal subjected to high-gain amplification, the digital phase-locking technology is utilized to obtain the signal intensity, and then the measured data are transmitted to the host control module;
the data acquisition and control module also receives an instruction of the host control module, and realizes pointing control of the scanning reflector, speed control of the tuning fork chopper, aperture control of the adjustable diaphragm module and displacement control of the linear variable optical filter through the electric control module;
the host control module also controls the refrigerator.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the scanning mirror module further includes a mirror fixing structure, a rotating shaft, a supporting structure, and a bearing, wherein the scanning mirror is fixed by the mirror fixing structure and is installed at one end of the rotating shaft, and the rotating shaft is installed on the supporting structure by the bearing.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the scanning mirror is controlled by the main machine control module, and the scanning mirror is directed to the standard black body for calibration when the black body is calibrated.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the concave reflector module further includes an entrance tube, an exit tube, and a fixed support structure. The incident lens cone and the emergent lens cone are installed at 90 degrees, the concave reflecting mirror is installed at the corner, and the incident lens cone, the emergent lens cone and the concave reflecting mirror are all installed on the fixed supporting structure.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the InSb detector module is connected to the cold head of the refrigerator through a cold conducting structure, the InSb detector module is mounted to one end of the lens module, the aspheric lens of the lens module is mounted in the invar steel small lens barrel of the lens module, and the other end of the lens module is mounted to one end of the optical support structure; the linear variable optical filter module, the adjustable diaphragm module and the tuning fork chopper module are sequentially arranged inside the optical supporting structure, the optical supporting structure is arranged inside the heat insulation supporting structure, and the optical supporting structure is integrally arranged in a cavity of the vacuum cavity.
In some embodiments of the invention, the vacuum chamber further comprises a window sealing glass facing the exit tube of the concave mirror module for allowing light passing through the concave mirror module to smoothly enter the interior of the vacuum chamber.
In some embodiments of the invention, the vacuum refrigeration module further comprises a support connection structure on which the refrigerator is mounted.
In some embodiments of the invention, the data acquisition and control module comprises a single chip microcomputer and an analog-to-digital conversion module, wherein a signal from the front amplifier module firstly enters the analog-to-digital conversion module for analog-to-digital conversion, the converted data enters the single chip microcomputer, and the single chip microcomputer performs digital phase-locked calculation to obtain an amplitude value of the signal; the single chip microcomputer is used for finishing communication with the host control module, including data and instructions and finishing control of the electric control module.
In some embodiments of the invention, the electronic control module comprises:
the first miniature speed reduction stepping motor is used for driving the variable linear filter, and the linear displacement sensor is used for measuring the displacement of the linear variable filter so that the linear variable filter reaches a specified position;
the scanning device comprises a stepping motor, a first angular displacement sensor and an acceleration sensor, wherein the stepping motor is used for driving a scanning reflecting mirror, and the first angular displacement sensor and the acceleration sensor are used for measuring the angular displacement and the acceleration of the scanning reflecting mirror so that the scanning reflecting mirror points to a set position;
the second angular displacement sensor is used for measuring the angular displacement of the adjustable diaphragm, so that the adjustable diaphragm reaches the specified aperture;
the chopper driving device comprises a chopper driving device (1109) and a speed sensor (1120), wherein the chopper driving device (1109) is used for driving the tuning fork chopper to rotate at a high speed, and the speed sensor (1120) is used for measuring the speed of the tuning fork chopper and feeding the speed back to the single chip microcomputer.
According to another aspect of the present invention, the present invention also provides a method for measuring an celestial background by using the above device, comprising the following steps:
controlling a scanning reflector to point to a black body for calibration;
controlling a scanning reflector to point to the sky to measure the infrared sky light background;
step three, the incident signal enters a concave reflector for convergence;
enabling the converged signal to enter a tuning fork chopper module, and carrying out alternating operation on the sky background signal by the tuning fork chopper to convert the sky background signal into an optical signal changing along with time;
selecting a field angle of the optical signal subjected to the cross-flow through an adjustable diaphragm module, and then selecting a waveband through a linear variable optical filter module arranged at the focus of the concave reflector;
sixthly, the signal passing through the linear variable optical filter reaches the InSb detector module after being focused again by the lens module;
and (seventhly), after high-gain amplification and analog-to-digital conversion are carried out on the detector signal, the detector signal enters a single chip microcomputer to carry out digital phase-locked calculation, and skylight background data are obtained.
(III) advantageous effects
According to the technical scheme, the device and the method for measuring the sky light background for the narrow-band continuous infrared spectrum scanning have the following beneficial effects that: the invention can continuously measure and scan in the infrared sky light background narrow wave band with extremely low intensity to obtain accurate wave band energy distribution; the control part and the data processing part of the invention are realized in the singlechip, thereby having great flexibility and low cost.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a diagram illustrating the factors affecting the background of sky light in the prior art.
Fig. 2 is a block diagram of an skylight background measuring device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an skylight background measuring device according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic optical path diagram of the daylight background measuring device in fig. 2.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the scanning mirror module in fig. 2.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the concave mirror module in fig. 2.
Fig. 7 is a schematic view showing an internal structure of the vacuum chamber of fig. 2.
Fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of the vacuum refrigeration module in fig. 2.
Fig. 9 is a block diagram of the front module and the data acquisition and control module in fig. 1.
Fig. 10 is a block diagram of the electronic control module in fig. 1.
FIG. 11 is a flowchart of a method for measuring an celestial background according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[ Main element ]
1-a scanning mirror module;
101-a scanning mirror;
102-mirror mounting structure;
103-a rotating shaft;
105-a bearing;
107-a support structure;
2-a concave mirror module;
201-an entrance barrel;
202-an exit column;
203-concave mirror;
204-a fixed support structure;
3-a tuning fork chopper module;
4-Adjustable diaphragm module
5-a linear variable filter module;
6-a lens module;
a 7-InSb detector module;
15-a vacuum refrigeration module;
8-vacuum cavity;
801-window sealing glass;
9-a refrigerator;
17-a support connection structure;
10-a front module;
1001-transimpedance amplification module;
1002-a controllable gain amplification module;
1003-low pass filtering module;
11-an electronic control module;
1102-a first miniature deceleration stepper motor;
1103-linear displacement sensor;
1104-a stepper motor;
1105-a first angular displacement sensor;
1106-acceleration sensor;
1107 — a second angular displacement sensor;
1108-a second micro reduction stepper motor;
1109-chopper drive;
1120-speed sensor;
12-a data acquisition and control module;
1201-single chip microcomputer;
1202-an analog-to-digital converter;
1203-power supply;
13-a host control module;
14-standard black body;
16-a substrate;
18-an insulating support structure;
19-an optical support structure;
20-cold conduction structure.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a celestial background measurement device for narrow-band continuous infrared spectroscopy scanning is provided. Fig. 2 is a block diagram of an skylight background measuring device according to an embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the skylight background measuring device according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 2, the background measuring device for sky light used for narrow-band continuous infrared spectrum scanning of the present invention comprises: the device comprises a scanning reflector module 1, a concave reflector module 2, a tuning fork chopper module 3, an adjustable diaphragm module 4, a linear variable optical filter module 5, a lens module 6, an InSb detector module 7, a front amplifier module 10, an electronic control module 11, a data acquisition and control module 12, a host control module 13, a standard black body 14, a vacuum refrigeration module 15 and a substrate 16.
The scanning reflector module 1 is used for pointing to a sky area to perform scanning observation; the concave reflector module 2 is used for reflecting and focusing incident infrared radiation light; the tuning fork chopper module 3 is used for carrying out cross fluidization on the focused skylight background signal; the adjustable diaphragm module 4 is used for controlling the field angle of the skylight background signal after the intersection flow; the linear variable optical filter module 5 is used for carrying out wavelength scanning and wave band selection on the skylight background signal; the lens module 6 is used for focusing the infrared sky light background signal again; the InSb detector module 7 is used for performing photoelectric signal conversion; the vacuum refrigeration module 15 is used for carrying out high vacuum thermal insulation and deep refrigeration on the tuning fork chopper module 3, the adjustable diaphragm module 4, the linear variable optical filter module 5, the lens module 6 and the InSb detector module 7; the front-end module 10 is used for amplifying and low-pass filtering the electric signal; the electric control module 11 is used for controlling and adjusting the scanning reflector module 1, the tuning fork chopper module 3, the adjustable diaphragm module 4 and the linear variable optical filter module 5; the data acquisition and control module 12 is used for acquiring and processing data and controlling the electric control module 11; the host control module 13 is used for controlling the refrigeration module 15 and the standard black body 14; standard black body 14 is used for real-time calibration.
As shown in fig. 3, the scanning mirror module 1, the concave mirror module 2, the vacuum refrigeration module 15, and the standard black body 14 are all disposed on a substrate 16, the vacuum refrigeration module 15 includes a vacuum chamber 8 and a refrigerator 9, the tuning fork chopper module 3, the adjustable diaphragm module 4, the linear variable optical filter module 5, the lens module 6, and the InSb detector module 7 are all disposed inside the vacuum chamber 8, and the vacuum refrigeration module 15 performs high vacuum insulation packaging and deep refrigeration on the tuning fork chopper module 3, the adjustable diaphragm module 4, the linear variable optical filter module 5, the lens module 6, and the InSb detector module 7 to reduce background radiation noise and suppress detector background noise, thereby obtaining a higher signal-to-noise ratio.
Fig. 4 is a schematic optical path diagram of the daylight background measuring device in fig. 3. As shown in fig. 4, during measurement, the infrared background signal passes through the concave mirror module 2 from the scanning mirror module 1, the tuning fork chopper module 3, the adjustable diaphragm module 4, the linear variable optical filter module 5, and the lens module 6, and reaches the InSb detector module 7 to perform photoelectric signal conversion detection.
As shown in fig. 2, the preamplifier module 10 performs high-gain amplification on the signal detected by the InSb detector module 7, the data acquisition and control module 12 performs analog-to-digital conversion on the high-gain amplified signal, obtains the signal strength by using a digital phase-locking technique, and then transmits the measurement data to the host control module 13.
The data acquisition and control module 12 also receives an instruction from the host control module 13, and realizes pointing control of the scanning mirror, speed control of the tuning fork chopper, aperture control of the adjustable diaphragm, and displacement control of the linear variable optical filter through the electronic control module 11.
The host control module 13 also controls the chiller 9.
The scanning mirror module 1 comprises a scanning mirror 101, the concave mirror module 2 comprises a concave mirror 203, the tuning fork chopper module 3 comprises a tuning fork chopper, the adjustable diaphragm module 4 comprises an adjustable diaphragm, and the linear variable filter module 5 comprises a linear variable filter;
the following describes each component of the daylight background measuring apparatus of the present embodiment in detail.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the scanning mirror module in fig. 3. As shown in fig. 5, the scanning mirror module 1 further includes a mirror fixing structure 102, a rotating shaft 103, a supporting structure 107, and a bearing 105, wherein the scanning mirror 101 is fixed by the mirror fixing structure 102 and is installed at one end of the rotating shaft 103, and the rotating shaft 103 is installed on the supporting structure 107 by the bearing 105.
During black body calibration, scanning mirror 101 points to standard black body 14 for calibration, and standard black body 14 is controlled by host computer control module 13.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the concave mirror module in fig. 3. As shown in fig. 6, the concave reflector module 2 further includes an entrance tube 201, an exit tube 202 and corresponding fixed support structures 204. The incident lens barrel 201 and the exit lens barrel 202 are installed at 90 degrees, the concave reflecting mirror 203 is installed at a corner, and the incident lens barrel 201, the exit lens barrel 202 and the concave reflecting mirror 203 are all installed on the fixed supporting structure 204.
Fig. 7 is a schematic view showing an internal structure of the vacuum chamber of fig. 3. As shown in fig. 7, the InSb detector module 7 is connected to the cold head of the refrigerator 9 through a cold conducting structure 20, the InSb detector module 7 is mounted at one end of the lens module 6, the aspheric lens is mounted in the invar small lens barrel of the lens module 6, and the other end of the lens module 6 is mounted at one end of the optical support structure 19. The linear variable optical filter module 5, the adjustable diaphragm module 4 and the tuning fork chopper module 3 are sequentially arranged in an optical supporting structure 19, the optical supporting structure 19 is arranged in a heat insulation supporting structure 18, and the whole optical supporting structure is arranged in a cavity of the vacuum cavity 8.
The tuning fork chopper module 3 comprises a tuning fork chopper, a driving motor and a corresponding supporting structure.
The adjustable diaphragm module 4 comprises an adjustable diaphragm and a supporting structure, and stray light is removed to the maximum extent by adjusting the aperture of the diaphragm.
The filter module comprises a Linear Variable Filter (LVF) and a support structure, the linear variable filter is driven to move, and the linear variable filter corresponds to different wavelengths at different positions. In order to reduce the optical background radiation, both the adjustable diaphragm and the linear variable filter are subjected to depth refrigeration.
The aspheric lens and the InSb detector are arranged on a lens barrel made of invar steel. The invar steel lens cone is provided with a cold screen for limiting the field angle, a support structure of an aspheric lens and a fixing structure of an InSb detector.
Fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of the vacuum refrigeration module in fig. 3. As shown in fig. 8, the vacuum refrigeration module 15 includes a vacuum chamber 8, a refrigerator 9 and a corresponding support connection structure 17. The vacuum chamber 8 is connected with the refrigerator 9, and the refrigerator 9 is arranged on the supporting and connecting structure 17. As further shown in fig. 6, the vacuum chamber 8 further includes a window sealing glass 801 facing the exit lens barrel 202 of the concave mirror module 2 for allowing the light passing through the concave mirror module 2 to smoothly enter the inside of the vacuum chamber 8.
Fig. 9 is a block diagram of the front module, the data acquisition and control module in fig. 2. As shown in fig. 9, the preamplifier module 10 includes a transimpedance amplification module 1001, a controllable gain amplification module 1002, and a low-pass filtering module 1003, the data acquisition and control module 12 includes a single chip microcomputer 1201, an analog-to-digital conversion module 1202, and a power supply 1203, a weak signal of the InSb detector module 7 enters the transimpedance amplification module 1001 through direct current coupling for high gain amplification, and then directly enters the data acquisition and control module 12 for analog-to-digital conversion, or enters the controllable gain amplification module 1002 through alternating current coupling for further amplification and passes through the low-pass filtering module 1003, and then enters the data acquisition and control module 12 for analog-to-digital conversion, where the controllable gain amplification module 1002 is gain-controlled by the single chip microcomputer 1201. The signal from the preamplifier module 10 firstly enters the analog-to-digital conversion module 1202 for analog-to-digital conversion, the converted data enters the single chip microcomputer 1201, and the single chip microcomputer 1201 performs digital phase-locked calculation to obtain the amplitude value of the signal. Meanwhile, the singlechip 1201 completes communication with the host control module 13, including data and instructions; and completing the control of the electronic control module 11, and particularly controlling a driving part of the electronic control module 11. The power source 1203 supplies power to the front module 10. The front-end amplifier module and the data acquisition and control module comprise an intracavity line concentration adapter plate, a vacuum adapter plate, a high-gain front-end amplifier plate and a data acquisition and processing plate consisting of a high-precision ADC and a single chip microcomputer.
Fig. 10 is a block diagram of the electronic control module in fig. 2. As shown in fig. 10, the electronic control module 11 includes: a first miniature speed reduction stepping motor 1102, a linear displacement sensor 1103, a stepping motor 1104, a first angular displacement sensor 1105, an acceleration sensor 1106, a second angular displacement sensor 1107, a second miniature speed reduction stepping motor 1108, a chopper drive 1109 and a speed sensor 1120. A first angular displacement sensor 1105 and a stepping motor 1104 are mounted on the other end of the rotating shaft 103 and are also fixed on the supporting structure 107, and an acceleration sensor 1106 is mounted on the back of the scanning mirror and is fixed on the reflecting surface fixing structure 102.
The single chip microcomputer 1201 of the data acquisition and control module 12 drives the first micro deceleration stepping motor 1102 and acquires a signal of the linear displacement sensor 1103, the first micro deceleration stepping motor 1102 is used for driving the variable linear filter, and the linear displacement sensor 1103 is used for measuring the displacement of the linear variable filter, so that the LVF filter reaches a designated position;
the single chip microcomputer 1201 drives the stepping motor 1104 and acquires signals of the first angular displacement sensor 1105 and the acceleration sensor 1106, the stepping motor 1104 is used for driving the scanning reflecting mirror, and the first angular displacement sensor 1105 and the acceleration sensor 1106 are used for measuring angular displacement and acceleration of the scanning reflecting mirror, so that the scanning reflecting mirror 1 points to a set position;
the single chip microcomputer 1201 drives a second miniature speed reducing stepping motor 1108 and acquires a signal of a second angular displacement sensor 1107, the second miniature speed reducing stepping motor 1108 is used for driving the adjustable diaphragm to rotate, and the second angular displacement sensor 1107 is used for measuring the angular displacement of the adjustable diaphragm, so that the adjustable diaphragm reaches the specified aperture;
the single chip 1201 controls the chopper driver 1109 to rotate the tuning fork chopper at a high speed and collects signals of a speed sensor 1120, and the speed sensor 1120 is used for measuring the rotating speed of the tuning fork chopper.
The invention relates to a sky light background measuring device for continuous infrared spectrum scanning, which uses a scanning reflector module 1 to select a measuring sky area of an infrared sky light background and points to a required measuring sky area or a calibration black body, so as to realize the initial collection of a target radiation beam; the target infrared radiation light enters the concave reflector module 2 through the scanning reflector module 1 through the sky light background, then is reflected and focused through the concave reflector, and enters the tuning fork chopper module 3. The tuning fork chopper converts an incident signal into an alternating current signal from a relatively weak and stable signal; then the light beam is restricted and adjusted in the field angle through the adjustable diaphragm module 4; then, narrow-band filtering is realized on a focal plane of the concave reflector by using a linear variable filter; the optical filter is linearly moved through the micro displacement platform, and wavelength scanning is realized; the signals of the selected wave band are converged to an InSb detector module 7 after passing through a lens module 6, and the InSb detector module 7 is installed on a cold head subjected to deep refrigeration; the front-end amplification module 10 and the data acquisition and control module 12 perform high-gain amplification on the signals on the infrared detector, and then perform analog-to-digital conversion on the signals into digital signals to perform digital phase-locking processing. In order to suppress background radiation noise and background noise of the detector, the detector module 7, the lens module 6, the linear variable optical filter module 5, the adjustable diaphragm module 4 and the tuning fork chopper module 3 are packaged in a high-vacuum heat insulation structure of the deep refrigeration module 15 and are subjected to deep refrigeration by the deep refrigeration module, and the optical filter driving motor and the adjustable diaphragm driving motor are isolated from the deep refrigeration part by using heat insulation materials, so that abnormal work of the motors due to too low temperature is avoided. The electronic control module controls the direction of the scanning reflector, the position movement of the linear variable optical filter and the aperture adjustment of the adjustable diaphragm. The whole measuring device can be used for setting the direction of the sky area, setting the phase of the chopper, controlling the central position of the filter and controlling the refrigerating temperature of the refrigerator, so that the device is suitable for the selection of the sky area, the selection of the optical wave band and the like under different conditions.
FIG. 11 is a flowchart of a method for measuring an celestial background according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 11, the method for measuring the background of sky light for narrow-band continuous infrared spectroscopy, the vacuum refrigeration module performs high vacuum insulation packaging and deep refrigeration on an InSb detector, an aspheric lens, a linear variable optical filter, an adjustable diaphragm, a tuning fork chopper and related structures thereof, and includes the following steps:
and (I) black body calibration. And controlling the scanning reflector to point to the black body for calibration. And starting the black body to the specified temperature, allowing the black body radiation to enter the skylight background measuring device through the scanning reflector, and then collecting data to finish calibration. When the scanning mirror 101 is rotated to 0 degrees, black body calibration is performed to point to the black body.
And (II) the scanning reflector points to the observation sky area. And controlling the scanning reflector to point to the sky to measure the infrared sky light background. The scanning reflector module 1 realizes the rotation of the scanning reflector 101 by 0-180 degrees, and completes the scanning observation of the sky area. The stepping motor 1104 drives the rotating shaft 103 to rotate to drive the scanning mirror 101 to point to different sky areas, and the pointing angle is 0-180 degrees.
And (3) the incident signals enter the concave reflector for convergence. The incident signal changes direction after passing through the incident lens barrel 201 and the concave reflecting mirror 203, and enters the vacuum refrigeration module 15 through the exit lens barrel 202.
And step four, converging the signal alternating flow processing. The converged signal passing through the concave mirror 203 enters the tuning fork chopper module 3 after passing through the window sealing glass 801 of the vacuum chamber 8. In order to reduce the radiation of the tuning fork chopper module 3 itself, the tuning fork chopper module 3 is mounted in a vacuum chamber 8. The converged signals enter a tuning fork chopper module 3, and slowly-changing and even constant sky background signals are subjected to alternating operation and are converted into optical signals changing along with time, so that effective signals can avoid noise frequency bands, and the signal-to-noise ratio is improved.
And (V) selecting a field angle and a wave band for the infrared sky light background signal. The signal after the alternating current is subjected to the selection of the field angle through the adjustable diaphragm module 4, and then the wave band is selected through a Linear Variable Filter (LVF) module 5 arranged at the focus of the concave reflector.
And (VI) focusing the infrared sky light background signal again. The signal passing through the linear variable filter reaches the InSb detector after being focused again by the aspheric lens.
And (seventhly) reading out the detector signal and acquiring data. And after the high-gain amplification and analog-to-digital conversion are carried out on the detector signal, the detector signal enters a digital phase-locked module of the single chip microcomputer to be processed, and skylight background data are obtained.
The invention carries out a series of processing on the optical signal and the electric signal to finish the scanning and measurement of the infrared sky light background narrow-band spectrum. The control part and the data processing part are realized in the singlechip, so that the system has great flexibility and low cost.
Up to this point, the present embodiment has been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. From the above description, those skilled in the art should clearly recognize the present invention. The invention realizes the deep refrigeration of key parts of the InSb detector and the optical system by utilizing a high vacuum heat insulation structure; the structure and the electric control system are used for carrying out high-stability structural support, high-precision displacement driving and high-precision state monitoring on the optical module; alternating the detected signal by using a deep refrigeration miniature chopper and removing optical background noise; the miniature gear driving structure and the adjustable diaphragm module are used for realizing high-precision adjustment of the field angle; the high-precision scanning observation of the infrared sky-light background spectrum is realized by utilizing a micro displacement platform and a linear variable optical filter; and finally, the infrared skylight background signal is measured by using a high-precision low-noise digital phase-locked module.
It is to be noted that, in the attached drawings or in the description, the implementation modes not shown or described are all the modes known by the ordinary skilled person in the field of technology, and are not described in detail. Further, the above definitions of the various elements and methods are not limited to the various specific structures, shapes or arrangements of parts mentioned in the examples, which may be easily modified or substituted by those of ordinary skill in the art.
Furthermore, the use of ordinal numbers such as "first," "second," "third," etc., in the specification and claims to modify a corresponding element is not intended to imply any ordinal numbers for the element, nor the order in which an element is sequenced or methods of manufacture, but are used to distinguish one element having a certain name from another element having a same name.
It should be noted that throughout the drawings, like elements are represented by like or similar reference numerals. In the following description, some specific embodiments are for illustrative purposes only and should not be construed as limiting the present invention in any way, but merely as exemplifications of embodiments of the invention. Conventional structures or constructions will be omitted when they may obscure the understanding of the present invention. It should be noted that the shapes and sizes of the respective components in the drawings do not reflect actual sizes and proportions, but merely illustrate the contents of the embodiments of the present invention.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. An skylight background measuring device for narrow-band continuous infrared spectroscopy scanning, comprising: the device comprises a scanning reflector module (1), a concave reflector module (2), a tuning fork chopper module (3), an adjustable diaphragm module (4), a linear variable optical filter module (5), a lens module (6), an InSb detector module (7), a vacuum refrigeration module (15), a front amplifier module (10), an electric control module (11), a data acquisition and control module (12), a host control module (13) and a standard black body (14); wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the scanning reflector module (1) comprises a scanning reflector (101), the concave reflector module (2) comprises a concave reflector (203), the tuning fork chopper module (3) comprises a tuning fork chopper, the adjustable diaphragm module (4) comprises an adjustable diaphragm, and the linear variable optical filter module (5) comprises a linear variable optical filter;
the vacuum refrigeration module (15) comprises a vacuum cavity (8) and a refrigerator (9), the vacuum cavity (8) is connected with the refrigerator (9), and the tuning fork chopper module (3), the adjustable diaphragm module (4), the linear variable optical filter module (5), the lens module (6) and the InSb detector module (7) are all arranged inside the vacuum cavity (8);
during measurement, infrared sky light background signals pass through the concave reflector module (2) from the scanning reflector module (1), then pass through the tuning fork chopper module (3), the adjustable diaphragm module (4), the linear variable optical filter module (5) and the lens module (6), and reach the InSb detector module (7) to be subjected to photoelectric signal conversion detection; the front amplification module (10) performs high-gain amplification on the signal detected by the InSb detector module (7), the data acquisition and control module (12) performs analog-to-digital conversion on the signal after high-gain amplification, the digital phase locking technology is utilized to obtain the signal intensity, and then the measurement data are transmitted to the host control module (13);
the data acquisition and control module (12) also receives an instruction of the host control module (13), and the pointing control of the scanning reflector, the speed control of the tuning fork chopper, the aperture control of the adjustable diaphragm module and the displacement control of the linear variable optical filter are realized through the electric control module (11);
the host control module (13) also controls the refrigerator (9);
when the standard black body (14) is calibrated, the scanning reflector (101) points to the standard black body (14) for calibration, and the standard black body (14) is controlled by the main machine control module (13); wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the electronic control module (11) comprises:
the device comprises a first miniature speed reducing stepping motor (1102) and a linear displacement sensor (1103), wherein the first miniature speed reducing stepping motor (1102) is used for driving the variable linear filter, and the linear displacement sensor (1103) is used for measuring the displacement of the linear variable filter, so that the linear variable filter reaches a specified position;
the scanning mirror comprises a stepping motor (1104), a first angular displacement sensor (1105) and an acceleration sensor (1106), wherein the stepping motor (1104) is used for driving the scanning mirror, and the first angular displacement sensor (1105) and the acceleration sensor (1106) are used for measuring the angular displacement and the acceleration of the scanning mirror, so that the scanning mirror points to a set position;
the second angular displacement sensor (1107) and the second miniature speed reduction stepping motor (1108), wherein the second miniature speed reduction stepping motor (1108) is used for driving the adjustable diaphragm to rotate, and the second angular displacement sensor (1107) is used for measuring the angular displacement of the adjustable diaphragm so that the adjustable diaphragm reaches the specified aperture;
the chopper driving device comprises a chopper driving device (1109) and a speed sensor (1120), wherein the chopper driving device (1109) is used for driving the tuning fork chopper to rotate at a high speed, and the speed sensor (1120) is used for measuring the speed of the tuning fork chopper and feeding the speed back to the single chip microcomputer.
2. The celestial background measurement device of claim 1, wherein the scanning mirror module (1) further comprises a mirror fixing structure (102), a rotating shaft (103), a supporting structure (107) and a bearing (105), the scanning mirror (101) is fixed by the mirror fixing structure (102) and is installed at one end of the rotating shaft (103), and the rotating shaft (103) is installed on the supporting structure (107) by the bearing (105).
3. The sky-light background measuring device according to claim 1, wherein the concave reflector module (2) further comprises an incident lens barrel (201), an exit lens barrel (202) and a fixed support structure (204), the incident lens barrel (201) and the exit lens barrel (202) are installed at 90 degrees, the concave reflector (203) is installed at a corner, and the incident lens barrel (201), the exit lens barrel (202) and the concave reflector (203) are all installed on the fixed support structure (204).
4. The sky light background measuring device according to claim 3, characterized in that the InSb detector module (7) is connected to the cold head of the refrigerator (9) through a cold conducting structure (20), the InSb detector module (7) is mounted to one end of the lens module (6), the aspheric lens of the lens module (6) is mounted in a invar small tube of the lens module (6), and the other end of the lens module (6) is mounted to one end of the optical support structure (19); the linear variable optical filter module (5), the adjustable diaphragm module (4) and the tuning fork chopper module (3) are sequentially arranged inside an optical supporting structure (19), the optical supporting structure (19) is arranged inside a heat insulation supporting structure (18), and the whole optical supporting structure is arranged in a cavity of the vacuum cavity (8).
5. The skylight background measurement device of claim 4, wherein the vacuum chamber (8) further comprises a window seal (801) facing the exit column (202) of the concave mirror module (2) for facilitating the passage of light through the concave mirror module (2) into the interior of the vacuum chamber (8).
6. An daylighting background measurement unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the vacuum refrigeration module (15) further comprises a support connection structure (17), the refrigerator (9) being mounted on the support connection structure (17).
7. The skylight background measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that the data acquisition and control module (12) comprises a single chip microcomputer (1201) and an analog-to-digital conversion module (1202), a signal from the front amplifier module (10) firstly enters the analog-to-digital conversion module (1202) for analog-to-digital conversion, the converted data enters the single chip microcomputer (1201), and the single chip microcomputer (1201) performs digital phase-locked calculation to obtain an amplitude value of the signal; the single chip microcomputer (1201) completes communication with the host control module (13), including data and instructions and control of the electric control module (11).
8. A method of making an daylighting background measurement using the daylighting background measurement device of any of claims 1-7, comprising the steps of:
controlling a scanning reflector to point to a black body for calibration;
controlling a scanning reflector to point to the sky to measure the infrared sky light background;
step three, the incident signal enters a concave reflector for convergence;
step four, enabling the converged signals to enter a tuning fork chopper module (3), and carrying out alternating operation on sky background signals by the tuning fork chopper to convert the sky background signals into optical signals changing along with time;
selecting a field angle of the optical signal subjected to the cross-flow through an adjustable diaphragm module (4), and then selecting a waveband through a linear variable optical filter module (5) arranged at the focus of the concave reflector;
sixthly, the signal passing through the linear variable optical filter reaches an InSb detector module (7) after being focused again through a lens module (6);
and (seventhly), after high-gain amplification and analog-to-digital conversion are carried out on the detector signal, the detector signal enters a single chip microcomputer to carry out digital phase-locked calculation, and skylight background data are obtained.
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| CN102297720B (en) * | 2011-05-26 | 2013-04-10 | 中国工程物理研究院应用电子学研究所 | Measuring apparatus for brightness of sky background |
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