CN108951531A - The construction method of watershed model time point investigation based on landform scale bar - Google Patents
The construction method of watershed model time point investigation based on landform scale bar Download PDFInfo
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of construction method of watershed model time point investigation based on landform scale bar, this method includes the spatial geographic information for obtaining research basin, and it is imported in indoor rainfall area by the watershed model that setting ratio reduces；Indoor rainfall division is divided into several blocks by the uniformly subdivision structure based on Regional Rainfall manual simulation's system, and the block that watershed model is located at is labeled as basin sub-block；Using the daily rainfall of precipitation station measurement in research basin and the weight of precipitation station and basin sub-block, the daily rainfall of basin sub-block is calculated；Using the accounting of watershed model in the daily rainfall of basin sub-block, rainfall rain power relational model, rainfall duration and each basin sub-block, the outdoor hourly rainfall depth in computation model basin；Indoor effective precipitation and indoor run-off when computation model basin is studied indoors；The instanteneous unit hydrograph of computation model basin indoors；According to the instanteneous unit hydrograph of watershed model indoors, the time point investigation that net rainfall is z mm is constructed.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to hydraulic engineering and hydrological experiment technical fields, and in particular to a kind of model based on landform scale bar
The construction method of basin time point investigation.
Background technique
Regional hydrological processes test is one of the main direction of development of current hydraulics model test research, is carried out using watershed model
In-house laboratory investigation carries out science conversion to experimental result to obtain and grasp the hydrology function in outdoor research basin, has
Many advantages, such as timeliness is high, cost effectiveness is high.However how the water regime of watershed model characterizes outdoor research basin, there is also
It is many uncertain.The current methods such as trial that are mainly rule of thumb combined carry out the experiment of room area hydrologic process.This
Invention will effectively improve the accurate of experiment by the construction method of watershed model time point investigation of the proposition based on landform scale bar
Property and science, save a large amount of human and material resources and time cost.
Summary of the invention
For the deficiency of existing Regional Hydrologic experimental technique, when the watershed model provided by the invention based on landform scale bar
The construction method of section unit line can promote the science and conventional efficient of room area hydrological experiment.
In order to achieve the above object of the invention, the technical solution adopted by the present invention are as follows:
A kind of watershed model time point investigation based on landform scale bar is provided comprising:
The Vector Message in research basin is obtained, and it is imported into room area by the watershed model that setting ratio reduces
In the overlay area of rainfall manual simulation's system；
Indoor rainfall division is divided into several blocks according to the uniformly subdivision structure of Regional Rainfall manual simulation's system, and
The block that watershed model is located at is labeled as basin sub-block；
Using the daily rainfall of precipitation station measurement in research basin and the weight of precipitation station and basin sub-block, basin is calculated
The daily rainfall of block；
Using model in the daily rainfall of basin sub-block, rainfall rain power relational model, rainfall duration and each basin sub-block
The accounting in basin, the outdoor hourly rainfall depth in computation model basin；
Indoor effective precipitation and indoor run-off when computation model basin is studied indoors:
Q '=K3* Q, D '=K4*D
Wherein, R is the indoor effective precipitation of watershed model；I0For indoor spurt value,For the average infiltration rate in interior, tcTo produce
Stream lasts；PAfterwardsThe rainfall of stream is not produced for the rainfall later period；Q is the practical run-off of watershed model；Q ' is the indoor diameter of watershed model
Flow；K3For Q and Q ' scale bar；D ' is the indoor hourly rainfall depth of watershed model；D is to drop the outdoor hour of watershed model
Rainfall；K4For D and D ' scale bar；
According to the indoor effective precipitation of watershed model and indoor run-off, the instanteneous unit hydrograph of computation model basin indoors:
Wherein, n ' is the parameter of reaction model basin Regulation capacity；Γ (n ') is the gamma function of n '；K ' is linear resesvoir
Regulating coefficient；E is natural logrithm；T is time variable；MQ′ (1)、MQ′ (2)The single order and second order of respectively indoor run-off Q ' is former
Point square；MR (1)、MR (2)The single order and second geometric moment of respectively indoor effective precipitation R；
According to the instanteneous unit hydrograph of watershed model indoors, the time point investigation that net rainfall is z mm is constructed:
Wherein, q ' (Δ t, t) is the ordinate of time point investigation；Δ t is the net rainfall period；F ' is watershed model area.
Further, the calculation formula of the daily rainfall of the basin sub-block are as follows:
Wherein, HjFor the daily rainfall of j-th of basin sub-block；wijFor the power of j-th of basin sub-block to i-th of precipitation station
Weight；piFor the daily rainfall of i-th of precipitation station；C is the total quantity of precipitation station.
Further, the wijCalculation formula are as follows:
Wherein, rijFor the distance of j-th of basin sub-block to i-th of precipitation station；B is weighted index；B=0 is quadratic method, b
=1 is linear inverse ratio method, and b=2 is RDS method.
Further, described using the daily rainfall of basin sub-block, rainfall rain power relational model, rainfall duration and each stream
The outdoor hourly rainfall depth of the accounting of watershed model in the sub-block of domain, computation model basin further comprises:
Using the daily rainfall of basin sub-block, rainfall rain power relational model, rainfall duration, calculates basin sub-block and gone through in rainfall
When in hourly rainfall depth:
Wherein, AjFor hourly rainfall depth of j-th of basin sub-block within rainfall duration；HjFor the day drop of j-th of basin sub-block
Rainfall；SjFor the rainfall rain power relational model of j-th of basin sub-block；A and b is rainfall rain power Relation Parameters；ε is residual error；T is
Rainfall duration；N is heavy rain attenuation coefficient；
According to the accounting of watershed model in the hourly rainfall depth of basin sub-block and each basin sub-block, computation model basin
Outdoor hourly rainfall depth:
Wherein, D is the outdoor hourly rainfall depth of watershed model；Q is the accounting of watershed model in each basin sub-block；B is
The area of basin sub-block；BjFor the area of watershed model in j-th of basin sub-block.
Further, the hourly rainfall depth for calculating basin sub-block within rainfall duration further comprises:
According to the daily rainfall in research basin, rainfall rain power relational model is constructed:
Sj=aHj+b+ε；
According to the rain power S of calculatingj, basin sub-block daily rainfall HjWith the attenuation coefficient n of calibration, intraday drop is calculated
Rain lasts T:
According to rain power SjWith rainfall duration T, hourly rainfall depth of the basin sub-block within rainfall duration are as follows:
Further, the MQ′ (1)、MQ′ (2)、MR (1)And MR (2)Calculation formula be respectively as follows:
Wherein, RlFor the indoor effective precipitation of the watershed model of l period；Q′lFor the indoor diameter of the watershed model of l period
Flow；L=1,2 ..., n-1；Δ t is the net rainfall period.
Further, the generation method of the Vector Message in the research basin includes:
The terrain data in research basin and the position of precipitation station are obtained, and the position of terrain data and precipitation station is imported
The Vector Message in research basin is generated in ArcGis.
The invention has the benefit that how the water regime of watershed model characterizes outdoor research basin, there is also very
It is mostly uncertain.The current methods such as trial that are mainly rule of thumb combined carry out the experiment of room area hydrologic process.The present invention
By propose the watershed model time point investigation based on landform scale bar construction method, by effectively improve experiment accuracy and
Science saves a large amount of human and material resources and time cost.
The time point investigation of this programme building can simulate the rain making in field indoors, can preferably be fitted open country
Outer survey region, reliability, accuracy and practicability with higher.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the construction method of the watershed model time point investigation based on landform scale bar.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram that watershed model imports indoor rainfall area.
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of S curve.
Specific embodiment
A specific embodiment of the invention is described below, in order to facilitate understanding by those skilled in the art this hair
It is bright, it should be apparent that the present invention is not limited to the ranges of specific embodiment, for those skilled in the art,
As long as various change is in the spirit and scope of the present invention that the attached claims limit and determine, these variations are aobvious and easy
See, all are using the innovation and creation of present inventive concept in the column of protection.
The process of the construction method of the watershed model time point investigation based on landform scale bar is shown with reference to Fig. 1, Fig. 1
Figure；As shown in Figure 1, this method 100 includes step 101 to step 107.
In a step 101, the Vector Message in research basin, and the watershed model that it is reduced by setting ratio are obtained
It imports in the overlay area of room area rainfall manual simulation's system, wherein Regional Rainfall manual simulation's system are as follows: effective rainfall
Area 26m × 40m is divided into 110 independent control units and (is wherein divided into 10 areas Ge great, each great Qu is divided into 11 small again
Area)；Each rainfall unit raininess variation range 10-200mm/h；The uniformity is greater than 0.8 in unit；Raininess change frequency can be done
It is primary to adjustment in 5 minutes；File is controlled by input rainfall, rain making may be implemented.
As shown in Fig. 2, 40 × 26 block is indoor rainfall area, wherein the arc area being located in indoor rainfall area is mould
Type basin.When being reduced, it is necessary to assure study the Vector Message in basin in the case where the Aspect Ratio in x, y-axis is constant
The Vector Message in research basin is zoomed in and out to obtain watershed model, obtaining horizontal scale is K1, vertical scale K2。
Wherein the selection of setting ratio is mainly related with the area of indoor rainfall area, during scaling, in order to preferably
Field Basin Rainfall process is simulated indoors, and the watershed model after preferably reducing fills entire indoor rainfall area as far as possible.
When implementation, the generation method that this programme preferably studies the Vector Message in basin includes: to obtain the landform in research basin
The position of data and precipitation station, and the position of terrain data and precipitation station is imported in ArcGis to the vector letter for generating research basin
Breath.
In a step 102, indoor rainfall division is divided into according to the uniformly subdivision structure of Regional Rainfall manual simulation's system
Several blocks, and the block that watershed model is located at is labeled as basin sub-block；When implementation, this programme is preferably by indoor rainfall area
It is divided into 110 blocks altogether, finds watershed model region, and by the block for having watershed model to be located at labeled as basin
Block, and all basin sub-blocks are successively numbered with serial number.
In step 103, using the daily rainfall of precipitation station measurement in research basin and the power of precipitation station and basin sub-block
Weight calculates the daily rainfall of basin sub-block；Specifically, the calculation formula of the daily rainfall of basin sub-block are as follows:
Wherein, HjFor the daily rainfall of j-th of basin sub-block；wijFor the power of j-th of basin sub-block to i-th of precipitation station
Weight；piFor the daily rainfall of i-th of precipitation station；C is the total quantity of precipitation station.
The wijCalculation formula are as follows:
Wherein, rijFor the distance of j-th of basin sub-block to i-th of precipitation station；B is weighted index；B=0 is quadratic method, b
=1 is linear inverse ratio method, and b=2 is RDS method.
At step 104, using the daily rainfall of basin sub-block, rainfall rain power relational model, rainfall duration and each stream
The accounting of watershed model in the sub-block of domain, the outdoor hourly rainfall depth in computation model basin；
In one embodiment of the invention, described using the daily rainfall of basin sub-block, rainfall rain power relational model, drop
Rain last and each basin sub-block in watershed model accounting, the outdoor hourly rainfall depth in computation model basin further comprise step
Rapid 201 and step 202:
In step 201, using the daily rainfall of basin sub-block, rainfall rain power relational model, rainfall duration, basin is calculated
Hourly rainfall depth of the sub-block within rainfall duration:
Wherein, AjFor hourly rainfall depth of j-th of basin sub-block within rainfall duration；HjFor the day drop of j-th of basin sub-block
Rainfall；SjFor the rainfall rain power relational model of j-th of basin sub-block；A and b is rainfall rain power Relation Parameters；ε is residual error；T is
Rainfall duration；N is heavy rain attenuation coefficient.
The method of hourly rainfall depth of the calculating basin sub-block within rainfall duration includes: in step 201
It is analyzed first by the daily rainfall to research basin, constructs rainfall rain power relational model:
Sj=aHj+b+ε
Due to the daily rainfall H of the basin sub-block in rainfall rain power relational modeljIt can solve and in 103 steps,
Then this programme can directly calculate the rain power S of j-th of basin sub-block by the rainfall rain power relational model of buildingj。
Later, according to the rain power S of calculatingj, basin sub-block daily rainfall HjWith the attenuation coefficient n of calibration, calculate in one day
Rainfall duration T:
Later, according to rain power SjWith rainfall duration T, hourly rainfall depth of the basin sub-block within rainfall duration are as follows:
In step 202, according to the accounting of watershed model in the hourly rainfall depth of basin sub-block and each basin sub-block, meter
Calculate the outdoor hourly rainfall depth of watershed model:
Wherein, D is the outdoor hourly rainfall depth of watershed model；Q is the accounting of watershed model in each basin sub-block；B is
The area of basin sub-block；BjFor the area of watershed model in j-th of basin sub-block.
In step 105, indoor effective precipitation and indoor run-off when computation model basin is studied indoors:
Q '=K3* Q, D '=K4*D
Wherein, R is the indoor effective precipitation of watershed model；I0For indoor spurt value, i.e., what is generated before flow anomaly is accumulative
Rainfall；For the average infiltration rate in interior；tcIt is lasted to produce stream；PAfterwardsThe rainfall of stream is not produced for the rainfall later period；
Q is the practical run-off of watershed model；Q ' is the indoor run-off of watershed model；K3For Q and Q ' scale bar；
D ' is the indoor hourly rainfall depth of watershed model；D is the outdoor hourly rainfall depth of watershed model；K4For D and D ' scale bar,
K3And K4Value be greater than zero less than 1.
In step 106, according to the indoor effective precipitation of watershed model and indoor run-off, computation model basin is indoors
Instanteneous unit hydrograph:
Wherein, n ' is the parameter of reaction model basin Regulation capacity；Γ (n ') is the gamma function of n '；K ' is linear resesvoir
Regulating coefficient；E is natural logrithm；T is time variable；MQ′ (1)、MQ′ (2)The single order and second order of respectively indoor run-off Q ' is former
Point square；MR (1)、MR (2)The single order and second geometric moment of respectively indoor effective precipitation R.
When implementation, the preferably described M of this programmeQ′ (1)、MQ′ (2)、MR (1)And MR (2)Calculation formula be respectively as follows:
Wherein, RlFor the indoor effective precipitation of the watershed model of l period；Q′lFor the indoor diameter of the watershed model of l period
Flow；L=1,2 ..., n-1；Δ t is the net rainfall period.
In step 107, the instanteneous unit hydrograph according to watershed model indoors, the period unit that building net rainfall is z mm
Line:
Wherein, q ' (Δ t, t) is the ordinate of time point investigation；Δ t is the net rainfall period；F ' is watershed model area.
In one embodiment of the invention, the instanteneous unit hydrograph according to watershed model indoors, building net rainfall are z mm
Time point investigation further comprise:
Derivation is carried out to the instanteneous unit hydrograph of obtained watershed model indoors first, obtains S curve:
Due to n ', k ' it is known that substituting into above formula integral with different t, so that it may obtain S curve as shown in Figure 3.With t=0
Translate a Δ t period backward for S (t) curve of starting point, can be obtained S (t- Δ t) curve, the Diff N of two curves:
U (Δ t, t)=S (t)-S (t- Δ t)
Above formula U (Δ t, t) is the zero dimension time point investigation for the period being Δ t, and zero dimension time point investigation is converted into
Period is Δ t, and net rainfall is the time point investigation of zmm are as follows:
In formula, q ' (Δ t, t) is the ordinate of unit line；Δ t is the net rainfall period；F ' is drainage area.
It is carried out below using the effect of Nash efficiency, related coefficient and relative error to the time point investigation that this programme constructs
Illustrate:
The rainfall P ' that will assume, by Rainfall redistribution to each block, can use area weight according to partitioning scenario
To distribute to obtain the rainfall P in each regionn′.Rainfall P ' implementation using each rainfall spatial interpolation subregion of hypothesis is artificial
Rainfall, and the discharge process of raininess and specified observation point in rainfall is monitored, record complete data.
Using the theoretical flow in following calculation formula computation model basin:
Wherein, Q 'Manage iFor the indoor theory flow of i period Mo, number of segment when i=1,2 ..., l are discharge curve；q′i-j+1
For the indoor time point investigation of i-j+1 period, number of segment when i-j+1=1,2 ... n are unit line；R′jFor the watershed model jth period
The indoor effective precipitation at end, number of segment when j=1,2 ..., m are net rainfall；
When i=1, j=1；When i=2, when being j=1 and j=2 two results and；It is exactly j when i=3
=1, these three sum of j=2, j=3.
Below using Nash efficiency, related coefficient and relative error to Q 'Manage iMeasured discharge graph Q ' is obtained with experimentnInto
Row verification:
The calculation formula of Nash efficiency are as follows:
Wherein, QiFor the rainfall that the method using this programme is calculated, QiAs Q 'Manage i；qiFor indoor actual measurement rainfall
Amount,For the average value of indoor actual measurement rainfall.
The calculation formula of related coefficient are as follows:
rxyFor related coefficient；N is the sample number of series；X, Y respectively represents the numerical value of actual measurement series and family of simulations.
The calculation formula of relative error are as follows:
Wherein, DvFor mould relative error (%)；F0For the mean value of indoor actual measurement rainfall；R is the method meter using this programme
Obtained rainfall mean value.
Nash efficiency, phase relation will be brought into the flow for simulating the raininess and specified observation point that record during rain making
In several and relative error calculation formula, available Nash efficiency is close to 1, correlation coefficient rxyBetween 0.8-1.0；Phase
To Error Absolute Value close to zero.
By above-mentioned to Q 'ReasonMeasured discharge graph Q ' is obtained with experimentnVerification as can be seen that this programme building
Time point investigation can be good at the rain making in analogsimulation water sand process and field study basin.
Claims (7)
1. the construction method of the watershed model time point investigation based on landform scale bar characterized by comprising
The Vector Message in research basin is obtained, and it is imported into room area rainfall by the watershed model that setting ratio reduces
In the overlay area of manual simulation's system；
Indoor rainfall division is divided into several blocks according to the uniformly subdivision structure of Regional Rainfall manual simulation's system, and by model
The block that basin is located at is labeled as basin sub-block；
Using the daily rainfall of precipitation station measurement in research basin and the weight of precipitation station and basin sub-block, basin sub-block is calculated
Daily rainfall；
Using watershed model in the daily rainfall of basin sub-block, rainfall rain power relational model, rainfall duration and each basin sub-block
Accounting, the outdoor hourly rainfall depth in computation model basin；
Indoor effective precipitation and indoor run-off when computation model basin is studied indoors:
Q '=K3* Q, D '=K4*D
Wherein, R is the indoor effective precipitation of watershed model；I0For indoor spurt value；For the average infiltration rate in interior；tcIt is gone through to produce stream
When；PAfterwardsThe rainfall of stream is not produced for the rainfall later period；Q is the practical run-off of watershed model；Q ' is the indoor run-off of watershed model；
K3For Q and Q ' scale bar；D ' is the indoor hourly rainfall depth of watershed model；D is the outdoor hourly rainfall depth of watershed model；
K4For D and D ' scale bar；
According to the indoor effective precipitation of watershed model and indoor run-off, the instanteneous unit hydrograph of computation model basin indoors:
Wherein, n ' is the parameter of reaction model basin Regulation capacity；Γ (n ') is the gamma function of n '；K ' is the tune of linear resesvoir
Store coefficient；E is natural logrithm；T is time variable；The single order and second order of respectively indoor run-off Q ' is former
Point square；MR (1)、MR (2)The single order and second geometric moment of respectively indoor effective precipitation R；
According to the instanteneous unit hydrograph of watershed model indoors, the time point investigation that net rainfall is z mm is constructed:
Wherein, q ' (Δ t, t) is the ordinate of time point investigation；Δ t is the net rainfall period；F ' is watershed model area.
2. the construction method of the watershed model time point investigation according to claim 1 based on landform scale bar, feature
It is, the calculation formula of the daily rainfall of the basin sub-block are as follows:
Wherein, HjFor the daily rainfall of j-th of basin sub-block；wijFor the weight of j-th of basin sub-block to i-th of precipitation station；piFor
The daily rainfall of i-th of precipitation station；C is the total quantity of precipitation station.
3. the construction method of the watershed model time point investigation according to claim 2 based on landform scale bar, feature
It is, the wijCalculation formula are as follows:
Wherein, rijFor the distance of j-th of basin sub-block to i-th of precipitation station；B is weighted index；B=0 is quadratic method, and b=1 is
Linear inverse ratio method, b=2 are RDS method.
4. the construction method of the watershed model time point investigation according to claim 1 to 3 based on landform scale bar,
It is characterized in that, described using the daily rainfall of basin sub-block, rainfall rain power relational model, rainfall duration and each basin sub-block
The outdoor hourly rainfall depth of the accounting of middle watershed model, computation model basin further comprises:
Using the daily rainfall of basin sub-block, rainfall rain power relational model, rainfall duration, basin sub-block is calculated within rainfall duration
Hourly rainfall depth:
Wherein, AjFor hourly rainfall depth of j-th of basin sub-block within rainfall duration；HjFor the daily rain amount of j-th of basin sub-block
Amount；SjFor the rainfall rain power relational model of j-th of basin sub-block；A and b is rainfall rain power Relation Parameters；ε is residual error；T is drop
Rain lasts；N is heavy rain attenuation coefficient；
According to the accounting of watershed model in the hourly rainfall depth of basin sub-block and each basin sub-block, computation model basin is room
Outer hourly rainfall depth:
Wherein, D is the outdoor hourly rainfall depth of watershed model；Q is the accounting of watershed model in each basin sub-block；B is basin
The area of sub-block；BjFor the area of watershed model in j-th of basin sub-block.
5. the construction method of the watershed model time point investigation according to claim 4 based on landform scale bar, feature
It is, the hourly rainfall depth for calculating basin sub-block within rainfall duration further comprises:
According to the daily rainfall in research basin, rainfall rain power relational model is constructed:
Sj=aHj+b+ε；
According to the rain power S of calculatingj, basin sub-block daily rainfall HjWith the attenuation coefficient n of calibration, calculates intraday rainfall and go through
When T:
According to rain power SjWith rainfall duration T, hourly rainfall depth of the basin sub-block within rainfall duration are as follows:
6. the construction method of the watershed model time point investigation according to claim 1 based on landform scale bar, feature
It is, it is describedMR (1)And MR (2)Calculation formula be respectively as follows:
Wherein, RlFor the indoor effective precipitation of the watershed model of l period；Q′lFor the indoor run-off of the watershed model of l period；Δ t is the net rainfall period.
7. the building side of -3,5,6 any watershed model time point investigations based on landform scale bar according to claim 1
Method, which is characterized in that the generation method of Vector Message in the research basin includes:
The terrain data in research basin and the position of precipitation station are obtained, and the position of terrain data and precipitation station is imported into ArcGis
The middle Vector Message for generating research basin.
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR101354452B1 (en) * | 2013-06-24 | 2014-01-27 | (주)웸스 | Small-multiset rainfall-runoff simulator for lid technology experiment |
| CN102930357B (en) * | 2012-11-20 | 2017-03-08 | 中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司 | Karst tunnel underground river water burst flood peak value and the Forecasting Methodology of time to peak |
| CN108018823A (en) * | 2017-12-15 | 2018-05-11 | 河海大学 | Basin underground water average response time method of estimation based on instanteneous unit hydrograph |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102930357B (en) * | 2012-11-20 | 2017-03-08 | 中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司 | Karst tunnel underground river water burst flood peak value and the Forecasting Methodology of time to peak |
| KR101354452B1 (en) * | 2013-06-24 | 2014-01-27 | (주)웸스 | Small-multiset rainfall-runoff simulator for lid technology experiment |
| CN108018823A (en) * | 2017-12-15 | 2018-05-11 | 河海大学 | Basin underground water average response time method of estimation based on instanteneous unit hydrograph |
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