CN108950170B - Automobile reducer gear carburizing and quenching deformation control method and application - Google Patents
Automobile reducer gear carburizing and quenching deformation control method and application Download PDFInfo
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- CN108950170B CN108950170B CN201810765876.3A CN201810765876A CN108950170B CN 108950170 B CN108950170 B CN 108950170B CN 201810765876 A CN201810765876 A CN 201810765876A CN 108950170 B CN108950170 B CN 108950170B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/32—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for gear wheels, worm wheels, or the like
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D11/00—Process control or regulation for heat treatments
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
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Abstract
The invention provides a carburizing and quenching deformation control method for an automobile speed reducer gear, which comprises the steps of determining the magnitude of reverse modification, performing reverse modification on the end face of the gear, designing and preparing a compensation mechanism matched with an auxiliary plate structure of the gear, assembling the compensation mechanism in the position of the auxiliary plate of the gear subjected to reverse modification, and finally performing carburizing and quenching on the assembled gear. The deformation control method provided by the invention can reduce the end face runout of the gear after heat treatment to be within 0.06mm, the compensation mechanism of the invention has simple structure, easy processing and easy popularization, and the method combining the compensation mechanism and reverse modification reduces the cost for gear finishing after heat treatment in factories, shortens the modification time, reduces the modification amount and saves the use of raw material steel.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of machining and heat treatment, and particularly relates to a carburizing and quenching deformation control method for an automobile speed reducer gear and application thereof.
Background
With the rapid development of the technology, higher requirements are put on various properties of the gear steel. In order to meet the requirements of high bearing capacity of high-performance gear steel, including high load, high speed, high temperature resistance, light weight, miniaturization, low noise, high quality, long service life, low cost and the like, most gears are subjected to complicated heat treatment processes, such as carburizing, carbonitriding and nitriding. However, in the carburizing and quenching heat treatment process of the gear, due to the combined action of thermal stress, structural stress and the self weight of parts, heat treatment deformation can be generated, so that the gear has end face runout after the carburizing and quenching heat treatment, the end face runout of the conventional gear is serious after the carburizing and quenching heat treatment, and the end face runout amount is 0.12-0.16 mm, so that the service performance of the gear can be seriously influenced.
In order to control the deformation of the gear in the heat treatment process, methods of increasing subsequent machining allowance, configuring a quenching press, hot oil quenching or isothermal quenching are often adopted. And the subsequent machining allowance is increased, so that the utilization rate of gear materials is reduced, the machining working hours and a large amount of waste of cutters are caused, and the machining cost of the gear is increased. If the quenching press machine is arranged, the equipment cost and the production period of the gear can be greatly improved, and the production cost of the gear can be further greatly improved and the production efficiency can be reduced because the gear with different structures and different sizes needs to be manufactured with independent pressure quenching dies. Hot oil quenching or austempering also has certain equipment requirements and corresponding process operation methods, and such process operations are complex and improper control can even aggravate gear deformation.
In conclusion, a new carburizing and quenching deformation control method is needed to solve the problem of the end face run-out of the gear after the carburizing and quenching heat treatment.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problem that the steel gear has end face run-out after carburizing and quenching heat treatment in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a carburizing and quenching deformation control method for the gear of the automobile speed reducer.
The invention also aims to provide the application of the method in gear heat treatment.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the automobile reducer gear carburizing and quenching deformation control method comprises the following steps:
(1) determining the magnitude of reverse modification opposite to the heat treatment deformation direction, and performing reverse modification on the end face of the gear;
(2) designing and preparing a compensation mechanism matched with an auxiliary plate structure of the gear;
(3) assembling the compensation mechanism in the step (2) in the position of the auxiliary gear plate after the reverse modification in the step (1);
(4) carburizing and quenching the gear assembled in the step (3);
the reverse modification is the lower deviation of the gear thickness, the difference between the maximum value of the end face runout after carburization and quenching of the gear and the reverse modification is within the thickness tolerance range of the gear, and the compensation mechanism comprises a compensation ring.
The method of the invention can also design and prepare a compensating mechanism matched with the auxiliary plate structure of the gear, then determine the magnitude of reverse modification, and perform reverse modification on the end surface of the gear, namely the steps can be as follows:
(1) designing and preparing a compensation mechanism matched with an auxiliary plate structure of the gear;
(2) determining the magnitude of reverse modification opposite to the heat treatment deformation direction, and performing reverse modification on the end face of the gear;
(3) assembling the compensation mechanism in the step (1) in the position of the auxiliary gear plate after the reverse modification in the step (2);
(4) carburizing and quenching the gear assembled in the step (3);
preferably, the compensating mechanism further comprises a fulcrum member for defining the backlash of the compensating ring with the gear.
Further preferably, two ends of the fulcrum member are detachably connected to the compensation ring and the gear respectively, the fulcrum member is a cylinder, an annular table top parallel to the upper surface and the lower surface of the cylinder is arranged on the cylinder, the annular table top is located between the compensation ring and an auxiliary plate of the gear, and the thickness of the annular table top is equal to the gap between the compensation ring and the auxiliary plate of the gear.
Further preferably, the number of the fulcrum members is at least 2.
Preferably, the clearance between the compensation ring and the auxiliary plate of the gear is 0.5-1.5 mm.
Further preferably, the clearance between the compensation ring and the auxiliary plate of the gear is 1 mm.
Preferably, the clearance between the compensation ring and the tooth end of the gear is 1.5-2.5 mm.
Further preferably, the clearance between the compensation ring and the tooth end of the gear is 2 mm.
Preferably, the steel material of the compensating ring is the same as the gear.
Preferably, the compensating ring is a circular washer.
Further preferably, the circular washer is provided with through holes, and the number of the through holes is 4-12.
The application of the method in gear heat treatment.
Because the cooling speed of different positions of the gear is not uniform in the quenching stage, the gear is subjected to different phase changes, and therefore the heat treatment deformation is mainly generated in the quenching stage, and the deformation of the gear after the heat treatment is serious. The method of the invention firstly determines the modification amount, carries out reverse modification on the end face of the gear, and then designs and installs the compensation mechanism, so that the cooling speed is uniform when the gear is quenched, the deformation of the gear is further reduced, the gear is not required to be modified after heat treatment, and finally the problem of end face runout after the heat treatment of carburizing and quenching of the gear is reduced or even eliminated. Compared with the method of firstly carrying out heat treatment and then modifying, the method not only reduces the modification amount, but also avoids the problem that the modified shape after the heat treatment may damage a carburized layer.
The invention has the advantages of
1. The method for controlling the carburizing and quenching deformation of the automobile speed reducer gear can greatly reduce the end face runout after the heat treatment of the gear, and in the prior art, the end face runout amount of the gear is 0.13-0.16 mm after the heat treatment of the gear by carburizing and quenching;
2. in the method, the compensation mechanism has simple structure, easy processing and easy popularization;
3. compared with the method of independently carrying out reverse modification on the end face of the gear, the method combining the compensation mechanism and the reverse modification reduces the cost for modifying the gear after heat treatment in a factory, shortens the modification time, reduces the modification amount and saves the use of raw material steel;
4. the method firstly carries out reverse modification, then designs and assembles the compensation mechanism and then carries out heat treatment, compared with the method of carrying out heat treatment and then modifying, the method not only reduces the modification amount, but also avoids the influence of modifying after heat treatment on the carburized layer.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a top view of a gear;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a gear, wherein 1 is a gear end face and 2 is an auxiliary plate of the gear;
FIG. 3 is a process scheme for heat treating gears;
FIG. 4 is a top view of a compensating ring;
FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a compensating ring;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the gear after assembly of the compensating ring and the fulcrum member, wherein 1 is the gear face, 2 is the auxiliary plate of the gear, 3 is the compensating ring, 4 is the gear face of the gear, and 5 is the fulcrum member;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of the fulcrum member, wherein 6 is an annular mesa;
fig. 8 is a top view of the fulcrum member.
Detailed Description
The following are specific embodiments of the present invention and are further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a carburizing and quenching deformation control method for an automobile speed reducer gear, which comprises the following steps:
(1) determining the magnitude of reverse modification opposite to the heat treatment deformation direction, and performing reverse modification on the end face of the gear;
(2) designing and preparing a compensation mechanism matched with an auxiliary plate structure of the gear;
(3) assembling the compensation mechanism in the step (2) in the position of the auxiliary gear plate after the reverse modification in the step (1);
(4) carburizing and quenching the gear assembled in the step (3);
the reverse modification is the lower deviation of the gear thickness, the maximum value of the end face runout after carburization and quenching of the gear minus the reverse modification is within the thickness tolerance range of the gear, and the compensation mechanism comprises a compensation ring.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a carburizing and quenching deformation control method for an automobile speed reducer gear, which comprises the following steps:
(1) determining the magnitude of reverse modification opposite to the heat treatment deformation direction, and performing reverse modification on the end face of the gear;
(2) designing and preparing a compensation mechanism matched with an auxiliary plate structure of the gear;
(3) assembling the compensation mechanism in the step (2) in the position of the auxiliary gear plate after the reverse modification in the step (1);
(4) carburizing and quenching the gear assembled in the step (3);
the reverse modification is the lower deviation of the gear thickness, the maximum value of the end face runout after carburization and quenching of the gear minus the reverse modification is within the thickness tolerance range of the gear, and the compensation mechanism comprises a compensation ring.
The compensation mechanism further comprises fulcrum members, the fulcrum members are cylinders containing annular table surfaces, the annular table surfaces are arranged between the upper surface and the lower surface of the cylinders, and the number of the fulcrum members is at least 2.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a carburizing and quenching deformation control method for an automobile speed reducer gear, which comprises the following steps:
(1) designing and preparing a compensation mechanism matched with an auxiliary plate structure of the gear;
(2) determining the magnitude of reverse modification opposite to the heat treatment deformation direction, and performing reverse modification on the end face of the gear;
(3) assembling the compensation mechanism in the step (1) in the position of the auxiliary gear plate after the reverse modification in the step (2);
(4) carburizing and quenching the gear assembled in the step (3);
the reverse modification is the lower deviation of the gear thickness, the maximum value of the end face runout after carburization and quenching of the gear minus the reverse modification is within the thickness tolerance range of the gear, and the compensation mechanism comprises a compensation ring.
The compensation mechanism further comprises fulcrum members, two ends of each fulcrum member are respectively detachably connected to the compensation ring and the gear, each fulcrum member is a cylinder, an annular table top parallel to the upper surface and the lower surface of the cylinder is arranged on the cylinder, the annular table top is located between the compensation ring and the auxiliary plate of the gear, the thickness of the annular table top is equal to the gap between the compensation ring and the auxiliary plate of the gear, and the number of the fulcrum members is at least 2.
Example 4
The embodiment provides the practical application of the automobile reducer gear carburizing and quenching deformation control method, which comprises the following steps:
1. determining a reverse modification quantity value of an automobile speed reducer gear, specifically:
fig. 1 is a plan view of an 8620h gear, fig. 2 is a sectional view of the gear, the gear is taken as a research object, the gear is subjected to heat treatment according to the carburizing and quenching process shown in fig. 3, after the heat treatment, the gear end face 1 is measured by a three-coordinate measuring instrument, the runout range of the gear end face 1 is 0.13-0.16 mm, namely the maximum value of the runout of the gear after carburizing and quenching is 0.16mm, the lower deviation of the gear thickness is 0.1mm according to the technical requirements of the gear, and the value for determining the reverse modification of the gear is 0.1 mm.
The reverse modification value in the step is determined, the jumping range of the gear end face 1 can be obtained by carrying out actual heat treatment on the gear, and the jumping range of the gear end face 1 can also be obtained by a simulation method.
2. According to the gear reverse modification quantity value determined in the previous step, performing reverse modification on the gear end face which is not subjected to heat treatment;
3. the compensating mechanism is designed to be matched with an auxiliary plate structure of the gear, the compensating mechanism comprises a compensating ring, fig. 4 is a top view of the compensating ring, the compensating ring is a circular washer, fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the compensating ring, and fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the gear after the compensating ring is assembled. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
the position of the gear auxiliary plate 2 is added with the compensation ring 3, the clearance between the compensation ring 3 and the gear auxiliary plate 2 is 1mm, the clearance between the compensation ring 3 and the gear tooth end 4 is 2mm, and the compensation ring is made of 8620 h.
The compensating mechanism further comprises a support member 5, the support member 5 being a cylinder having an annular table 6, the table 6 being disposed between upper and lower surfaces of the cylinder.
Fig. 7 is a schematic view of the fulcrum member 5, and fig. 8 is a plan view of the fulcrum member. In fig. 7, the thickness of the annular table top 6 is equal to the clearance between the compensation ring and the auxiliary gear plate, and the annular table top plays a role in positioning the gear and the compensation ring.
4. And (3) assembling the compensation mechanism in the position of the auxiliary plate of the gear subjected to reverse modification, and carrying out heat treatment on the gear according to the carburizing and quenching process shown in figure 3.
After the heat treatment by the method, the end face runout of the gear is less than 0.06 mm.
In the embodiment, if the automobile speed reducer gear is carburized and quenched first, the jumping range of the gear end face is found to be more than 0.14mm after heat treatment, the modification amount is larger than that required by reverse modification and then heat treatment, and in addition, the carburized and quenched second modification can damage a gear carburized layer.
Claims (8)
1. The method for controlling the carburizing and quenching deformation of the gear of the automobile speed reducer is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) determining the magnitude of reverse modification opposite to the heat treatment deformation direction, and performing reverse modification on the end face of the gear;
(2) designing and preparing a compensation mechanism matched with an auxiliary plate structure of the gear;
(3) assembling the compensation mechanism in the step (2) in the position of the auxiliary gear plate after the reverse modification in the step (1);
(4) carburizing and quenching the gear assembled in the step (3);
the reverse modification is the lower deviation of the gear thickness, the difference between the maximum value of the end face run-out after carburization and quenching of the gear and the reverse modification is within the thickness tolerance range of the gear, and the compensation mechanism comprises a compensation ring;
the compensating mechanism further includes a fulcrum member for defining the compensating ring and the gear lash;
the two ends of the fulcrum component are respectively detachably connected to the compensation ring and the gear, the fulcrum component is a cylinder, an annular table top parallel to the upper surface and the lower surface of the cylinder is arranged on the cylinder, the annular table top is located between the compensation ring and an auxiliary plate of the gear, and the thickness of the annular table top is equal to the gap between the compensation ring and the auxiliary plate of the gear.
2. The method for controlling carburizing and quenching deformation of an automobile speed reducer gear according to claim 1, wherein the number of the fulcrum members is at least 2.
3. The method for controlling carburizing and quenching deformation of the automobile speed reducer gear according to claim 1, wherein a clearance between the compensating ring and an auxiliary plate of the gear is 0.5 to 1.5 mm.
4. The method for controlling carburizing and quenching deformation of the automobile speed reducer gear according to claim 1, wherein a clearance between the compensating ring and a tooth end of the gear is 1.5 to 2.5 mm.
5. The method for controlling carburizing and quenching deformation of an automobile speed reducer gear according to claim 1, wherein the steel material of the compensating ring is the same as that of the gear.
6. The method for controlling carburizing and quenching deformation of an automobile speed reducer gear according to claim 1, wherein the compensating ring is a circular washer.
7. The automobile speed reducer gear carburizing and quenching deformation control method according to claim 6, wherein through holes are formed in the circular washer, the depth of the through holes is the same as the thickness of the circular washer, and the number of the through holes is 4-12.
8. Use of a method according to any one of claims 1 to 7 in the heat treatment of gears.
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| CN201810765876.3A CN108950170B (en) | 2018-07-12 | 2018-07-12 | Automobile reducer gear carburizing and quenching deformation control method and application |
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| CN201810765876.3A CN108950170B (en) | 2018-07-12 | 2018-07-12 | Automobile reducer gear carburizing and quenching deformation control method and application |
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| CN109136517A (en) * | 2018-07-25 | 2019-01-04 | 中车戚墅堰机车车辆工艺研究所有限公司 | A kind of processing method reducing the deformation of helical gear carburizing and quenching |
| CN113046524B (en) * | 2021-03-05 | 2024-02-27 | 苏州奥轩精密科技有限公司 | Traction ring heat treatment process |
| CN114107629A (en) * | 2021-11-26 | 2022-03-01 | 中国航发北京航空材料研究院 | Full-size deformation control method for driven spiral bevel gear |
| CN114317924A (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-04-12 | 昆山铂达峰精密机械有限公司 | Method for controlling deformation of valve core internal thread during heat treatment |
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| CH659482A5 (en) * | 1982-02-05 | 1987-01-30 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie | METHOD FOR PRODUCING A REVERSIBLE TWO-WAY MEMORY EFFECT IN A COMPONENT FROM AN ALLOY SHOWING A ONE-WAY EFFECT. |
| JPS63163069A (en) * | 1986-12-25 | 1988-07-06 | Toyota Motor Corp | Heat treatment method for ring gear |
| CN101701286B (en) * | 2009-11-27 | 2011-07-13 | 中国北车集团大连机车车辆有限公司 | Method for controlling heat treatment deformation of high-power locomotive traction driven gear |
| CN101838730B (en) * | 2010-03-23 | 2012-01-11 | 中信重工机械股份有限公司 | Reversible deformation correcting method for elliptical gear ring subjected to deformation after carburization |
| CN104313299B (en) * | 2014-10-28 | 2016-04-27 | 重庆理工大学 | Large gear ring heat treatment deformation multiple spot stress compensation device and equalising means thereof |
| CN104651857B (en) * | 2015-02-09 | 2017-09-05 | 中车戚墅堰机车车辆工艺研究所有限公司 | Large-scale heavy duty locomotive gear carburizing and quenching deformation control method |
| CN105316621B (en) * | 2015-11-19 | 2018-02-23 | 天津天海同步科技有限公司 | Total assembling structure and heat treatment method are combined in the carburizing of planet row travelling gear |
| CN108265170A (en) * | 2018-01-12 | 2018-07-10 | 中国航发哈尔滨东安发动机有限公司 | The method for promoting profile accuracy after internal spline is heat-treated |
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