CN108949278A - 绿色生物质燃料及制备方法 - Google Patents
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000002671 adjuvant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 240000000111 Saccharum officinarum Species 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 235000007201 Saccharum officinarum Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910052624 sepiolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 235000019355 sepiolite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002223 garnet Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004113 Sepiolite Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229960000892 attapulgite Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
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- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
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- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
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- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- SMDQFHZIWNYSMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanylidenemagnesium Chemical compound S=[Mg] SMDQFHZIWNYSMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C10L5/00—Solid fuels
- C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
- C10L5/44—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on vegetable substances
- C10L5/442—Wood or forestry waste
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- C10L5/00—Solid fuels
- C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
- C10L5/44—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on vegetable substances
- C10L5/445—Agricultural waste, e.g. corn crops, grass clippings, nut shells or oil pressing residues
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- C10L2290/08—Drying or removing water
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种绿色生物质燃料及制备方法。所述绿色生物质燃料包括以下重量份原料：40‑60份木屑、20‑40份小麦秸秆、10‑30份甘蔗叶、0.1‑1.5份氧化锌、0.5‑4份助燃剂。本发明绿色生物质燃料，燃烧效率高，利用了大量的农业废弃物，大大减少了焚烧农业废弃物等活动对空气的污染，提高了回收利用的使用价值，更加环保，与常规生物质燃料颗粒相比，燃烧值高，燃烧时间长，燃烧彻底，大大减少了对燃烧设备的腐蚀，可以广泛替代煤、天然气、液化气等传统燃料。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及生物质燃料技术领域，尤其涉及一种绿色生物质燃料及制备方法。
背景技术
随着现代工业的发展及世界人口的激増，能源危机、粮食危机、环境危机日益加剧，寻找可再生的清洁能源替代日益枯竭的化石能源成为各国科研部门关注的焦点。由于光合作用合成生物质时从大气中吸收的二氧化碳与生物质燃料利用时释放的二氧化碳量是相同的，因此，生物质的应用具有零排放的特点。全世界每年有1550亿吨的木质纤维素通过光合作用合成，而仅有2％左右生物质作为原料用于工业过程和能源燃料。利用可再生的生物炼制技术和工艺，生产生物基产品是全世界重点关注的领域。面对日益恶劣的环境，生存的竞争也就是资源的竞争，如果世界上的生物质资源能够被合理的工业化应用，人类将拥有一个取之不尽、用之不竭的生态资源宝库。
生物质含有丰富的有机质、纤维素、半纤维素、木质素、粗蛋白、粗脂肪和氮、磷、钾、钙、镁硫等多种营养成分，其中木质素和纤维素及半纤维素是构成植物生物质的主要成分。
开发利用生物质能源，能开拓新的经济增长领域、促进经济转型、扩大就业的重要选择。生物质能源资源分布广泛，各地区都具有一定的生物质能源开发利用条件。生物质能源的开发利用主要是利用当地自然资源和人力资源，对促进地区经济发展具有重要意义。同时，生物质能源也是高新技术和新兴产业，快速发展的生物质能源已成为一个新的经济增长点，可以有效拉动装备制造等相关产业的发展，对调整产业结构，促进经济增长方式转变，扩大就业，推进经济和社会的可持续发展意义重大。
目前，我国环境污染问题突出，生态系统脆弱，大量开采和使用化石能源对环境影响很大，特别是我国能源消费结构中煤炭比例偏高，二氧化碳排放增长较快，对气候变化影响较大。生物质能源清洁环保，开发利用过程不会增加温室气体排放。开发利用生物质能源，对优化能源结构、保护环境、减排温室气体、应对气候变化具有十分重要的作用。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足，本发明提供了一种绿色生物质燃料及制备方法，解决了生物质环保资源化利用的问题。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明采用的技术方案为：
一种绿色生物质燃料，包括以下重量份原料：40-60份木屑、20-40份小麦秸秆、10-30份甘蔗叶。
一种绿色生物质燃料，包括以下重量份原料：40-60份木屑、20-40份小麦秸秆、10-30份甘蔗叶、0.1-1.5份氧化锌。
一种绿色生物质燃料，包括以下重量份原料：40-60份木屑、20-40份小麦秸秆、10-30份甘蔗叶、0.1-1.5份氧化锌、0.5-4份助燃剂。
所述助燃剂为凹凸棒土、改性海泡石和石榴石中的至少一种。进一步优选的，所述助燃剂为改性海泡石、石榴石按质量比为1：(0.1-0.3)的混合物。
所述改性海泡石，采用下述方法制备而成：将海泡石与水按质量比为1：(5-10)混合，再加入海泡石重量2-8％的氯化钾以转速为150-400r/min搅拌1-3h，离心分离，在温度为90-110℃烘干20-30h，即得所述改性海泡石。
本发明还提供了一种绿色生物质燃料的制备方法，包括下述步骤：将木屑、小麦秸秆和甘蔗叶混合，粉碎至10-80目，干燥至含水率为5-8wt％，加入氧化锌(如果有)和助燃剂(如果有)，挤压成型。
优选的，所述挤压成型步骤通过生物质颗粒机进行挤压成型。
本发明绿色生物质燃料，燃烧效率高，利用了大量的农业废弃物，大大减少了焚烧农业废弃物等活动对空气的污染，提高了回收利用的使用价值，更加环保，与常规生物质燃料颗粒相比，燃烧值高，燃烧时间长，燃烧彻底，大大减少了对燃烧设备的腐蚀，可以广泛替代煤、天然气、液化气等传统燃料。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明进行详细的说明，实施例仅是本发明的优选实施方式，不是对本发明的限定。
小麦秸秆为常规农作物小麦的秸秆，其含水率为12wt％。
木屑选用杨木屑为杨木加工产生的碎末，其含水率为10wt％。
甘蔗叶为甘蔗的叶子，其含水率为13wt％。
海泡石由灵寿县双龙矿产品加工厂提供，粒度为300目。
实施例中改性海泡石的制备方法是：将海泡石与水按质量比为1：8混合，再加入海泡石重量6％的氯化钾以转速为300r/min搅拌2h，以转速为6000r/min离心分离20min，弃上清液将沉淀在温度为100℃烘干24h，即得改性海泡石。
石榴石为盐城市锐锋磨料有限公司提供的240目石榴石。
凹凸棒土为广州展飞化工科技有限公司提供的325目凹凸棒土。
氧化锌为广州展飞化工科技有限公司提供的含量99.7％氧化锌。
生物质颗粒机由郑州卓航机械设备有限公司提供，型号为TCZL850。
实施例1
绿色生物质燃料的制备方法，包括下述步骤：将50重量份木屑、30重量份小麦秸秆和20重量份甘蔗叶混合，粉碎至50目，干燥至含水率为6wt％，再加入1重量份氧化锌和2重量份助燃剂，混合均匀，再通过生物质颗粒机进行挤压成型，制得所述绿色生物质燃料。
所述助燃剂为凹凸棒土。
实施例2
绿色生物质燃料的制备方法，包括下述步骤：将50重量份木屑、30重量份小麦秸秆和20重量份甘蔗叶混合，粉碎至50目，干燥至含水率为6wt％，再加入1重量份氧化锌和2重量份助燃剂，混合均匀，再通过生物质颗粒机进行挤压成型，制得所述绿色生物质燃料。
所述助燃剂为石榴石。
实施例3
绿色生物质燃料的制备方法，包括下述步骤：将50重量份木屑、30重量份小麦秸秆和20重量份甘蔗叶混合，粉碎至50目，干燥至含水率为6wt％，再加入1重量份氧化锌和2重量份助燃剂，混合均匀，再通过生物质颗粒机进行挤压成型，制得所述绿色生物质燃料。
所述助燃剂为改性海泡石。
实施例4
绿色生物质燃料的制备方法，包括下述步骤：将50重量份木屑、30重量份小麦秸秆和20重量份甘蔗叶混合，粉碎至50目，干燥至含水率为6wt％，再加入1重量份氧化锌和2重量份助燃剂，混合均匀，再通过生物质颗粒机进行挤压成型，制得所述绿色生物质燃料。
所述助燃剂为改性海泡石和石榴石按质量比为1：0.3的混合物。
实施例5
绿色生物质燃料的制备方法，包括下述步骤：将50重量份木屑、30重量份小麦秸秆和20重量份甘蔗叶混合，粉碎至50目，干燥至含水率为6wt％，再加入1重量份氧化锌和2重量份助燃剂，混合均匀，再通过生物质颗粒机进行挤压成型，制得所述绿色生物质燃料。
所述助燃剂为凹凸棒土和石榴石按质量比为1：0.3的混合物。
实施例6
绿色生物质燃料的制备方法，包括下述步骤：将50重量份木屑、30重量份小麦秸秆和20重量份甘蔗叶混合，粉碎至50目，干燥至含水率为6wt％，再加入1重量份氧化锌和2重量份助燃剂，混合均匀，再通过生物质颗粒机进行挤压成型，制得所述绿色生物质燃料。
所述助燃剂为改性海泡石和凹凸棒土按质量比为1：0.3的混合物。
测试例1
将实施例1-6的绿色生物质燃料进行发热量和灰分值测试。具体结果见表1。
发热量测试：按照GB 5186-1985《生物质燃料发热量测试方法》进行。灰分值：准确称取10g绿色生物质燃料，置于高温电炉中加热至800℃，保持3小时，取出后准确称量w1。灰分值(％)＝(10-w1)/10×100％。
表1：测试结果表
| 发热量(kJ/kg) | 灰分值(％) | |
| 实施例1 | 20382 | 1.35 |
| 实施例2 | 21004 | 1.26 |
| 实施例3 | 22108 | 1.12 |
| 实施例4 | 23260 | 1.01 |
| 实施例5 | 20764 | 1.29 |
| 实施例6 | 21055 | 1.18 |
需要说明的是，以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制。尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明进行了详细说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解，可以对发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换，而不脱离本发明技术方案的范围，其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围中。
Claims (7)
1.一种绿色生物质燃料，其特征在于，包括以下重量份原料：40-60份木屑、20-40份小麦秸秆、10-30份甘蔗叶。
2.如权利要求1所述的绿色生物质燃料，其特征在于，包括以下重量份原料：40-60份木屑、20-40份小麦秸秆、10-30份甘蔗叶、0.1-1.5份氧化锌。
3.如权利要求2所述的绿色生物质燃料，其特征在于，包括以下重量份原料：40-60份木屑、20-40份小麦秸秆、10-30份甘蔗叶、0.1-1.5份氧化锌、0.5-4份助燃剂。
4.如权利要求3所述的绿色生物质燃料，其特征在于，所述助燃剂为凹凸棒土、改性海泡石和石榴石中的至少一种，进一步优选的，所述助燃剂为改性海泡石、石榴石按质量比为1：(0.1-0.3)的混合物。
5.如权利要求4所述的绿色生物质燃料，其特征在于，所述改性海泡石采用下述方法制备而成：将海泡石与水按质量比为1：(5-10)混合，再加入海泡石重量2-8％的氯化钾以转速为150-400r/min搅拌1-3h，离心分离，在温度为90-110℃烘干20-30h。
6.如权利要求1-5中任一项所述绿色生物质燃料的制备方法，其特征在于，包括下述步骤：将木屑、小麦秸秆和甘蔗叶混合，粉碎至10-80目，干燥至含水率为5-8wt％，加入氧化锌(如果有)和助燃剂(如果有)，挤压成型。
7.如权利要求6所述绿色生物质燃料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述挤压成型步骤通过生物质颗粒机进行挤压成型。
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| CN105296046A (zh) * | 2015-10-17 | 2016-02-03 | 明光市龙腾矿物有限公司 | 一种含钙质页岩的生物质燃料及其制备方法 |
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