CN108949142A - 一种具有热致变色的金属有机杂化材料晶体及应用 - Google Patents
一种具有热致变色的金属有机杂化材料晶体及应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种具有热至变色金属有机杂化材料晶体及其的制备方法、热至变色金属有机杂化材料的结构,其特征在于分子式为(C12H14N2)2[Bi2Cl10I],其特征在于(C12H14N2)2[Bi2Cl10I]的空间群为P 21/n,其晶胞参数为a=9.8928(14) Å,b=17.106(2) Å,c=10.8991(14) Å;α=90°,β=103.321(3)°,γ=90°。本发明进一步公开了(C12H14N2)2[Bi2Cl10I]用于热功能材料领域的用途,所述热功能材料领域如热至变色窗、温度警示器等。其溶液涂抹在如电脑主机、农用机发动机处等各种发热机器部位,当温度在200℃左右时,材料就会变成红色以起到警示作用,便于人们进行及时的降温处理。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于热功能材料技术领域,涉及一种具有热致变色的金属有机杂化材料晶体及应用;所述热功能材料领域如热至变色窗、温度警示器等。
背景技术
热致变色材料由于其具有光学特性随着温度的变化而显著改变的特性,在可再生能源技术和航天领域以及建筑领域都具有广阔的应用前景。热致变色材料按照其热致变色的可逆性分为不可逆热致变色材料和可你热致变色材料两大类。可逆热致变色材料是指将材料加热到某一温度,其颜色发生明显变化,当温度恢复至初温又会复原,颜色变化具有可逆性。
按照材料热变色温度范围,可分为低温型(T<100℃)、中温型(100℃<T<600℃)和高温型(T>600℃)。80年代以来,热致变色材料的发展逐渐向着中高温、可逆方向进行。热致变色的机理主要包括以下几种:
1.晶型转变:物质在温度变化时,晶体类型发生了改变,同时伴随着颜色的转变,这种晶型的转变具有可逆性,即随着温度变化在两种晶型之间转变,以此也在变化着颜色,这种晶型的转变有时需要较长的时间,复色时间也就较长。
2.得失结晶水:温度的升降,导致物质内部的结晶水得失,在此过程中伴随颜色变化。
3.电子转移:电子在物质内部不同组分之间转移,导致物质颜色发生改变
4.配位几何构型发生改变:键长键角在物质温度改变时发生改变,导致物质内配位几何构型改变,伴随颜色变化。
目前热致变色材料存在的问题有变化色差小、制备工艺复杂、产率低、具有污染性的缺点,这限制了这些材料应用,因此寻找具有制备工艺简单、产率高、环境污染性小、变色色差大的热致变色材料。具有重要的现实意义和经济价值。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供具有热致变色的金属有机杂化材料晶体,其特征在于分子式为(C12H14N2)2[Bi2Cl10I],其特征在于所含(C12H14N2)部分为该晶体内有机配体,其结构如下:
该材料其特征在于(C12H14N2)2[Bi2Cl10I]的空间群为P 21/n,其晶胞参数为a = 9.8928(14) Å ,b = 17.106(2) Å,c = 10.8991(14) Å; 。
本发明进一步公开了具有热致变色的金属有机杂化材料晶体的制备方法,其特征在于通过以下操作制备:
(1)将0.1mL氢碘酸57%(w/w)、4mL甲醇混合反应10分钟,再加入0.063g 2,2’-联吡啶搅拌,称取0.13g氯化铋并加入1.7mL35%-36%盐酸(w/w),将两次反应的液体混合转移至23mL反应釜内,再加入6mL甲醇;
(2)将反应釜放入电热鼓风干燥箱,用60℃/小时速率从25℃升至145℃至190℃,在145℃至190℃保温12至18小时,最后用10℃/小时速率降温至室温25℃;
(3)样品分离方法:将实验中反应釜内的样品转移至20mL小烧杯,用胶头滴管吸取适量甲醇加入烧杯内,用另一支胶头滴管搅拌,过滤,再次用甲醇搅拌清洗,重复三次将产物中可溶性物质清洗干净,将剩余物质在40℃干燥箱中干燥,然后将里面的黄色(C12H14N2)2[Bi2Cl10I]晶体用牙签挑拣出来。本发明(C12H14N2)2[Bi2Cl10I]晶体结构示意图如图2所示。
本发明所述晶体结构测定所用仪器和方法:在环境温度下,利用扫描技术,在Brukes APEXⅡ型CCD衍射仪上测量了(C12H14N2)2[Bi2Cl10I]晶体的衍射强度。在数据收集期间没有晶体衰变的证据。采用半经验吸收修正(SADABS),程序SARE用于衍射剖面的积分。结构通过直接方法求解,并使用Selx-2014程序用全矩阵最小二乘法进行细化。各向异性热参数被分配给所有非氢原子。
本发明中(C12H14N2)2[Bi2Cl10I]的晶体数据及结构信息如表1所示;
本发明中(C12H14N2)2[Bi2Cl10I]中的原子坐标如表2所示;
本发明中(C12H14N2)2[Bi2Cl10I]的原子间键长(A)和键角(deg)如表3所示;
本发明所述(C12H14N2)2[Bi2Cl10I]在200℃加热半小时,颜色从淡黄色变为红色,将变为淡红色的(C12H14N2)2[Bi2Cl10I]材料降温并在室温放置一天,红色逐渐变为淡黄色,具有可逆性。
本发明所述(C12H14N2)2[Bi2Cl10I]在热功能材料领域的应用,将提供一种中温热致变色器件的备选材料,同时该材料制备简单、污染较小,能够比较好的降低工业成本,降低环境污染。所述热功能材料领域如热至变色窗、温度警示器等。
本发明公开了一种具有热致变色效应的金属有机杂化材料(C12H14N2)2[Bi2Cl10I]的制备、结构,重点考察了(C12H14N2)2[Bi2Cl10I]在热功能材料应用方面的特性,研究显示(C12H14N2)2[Bi2Cl10I]具有良好的热致变色效应,基于这些特性,将(C12H14N2)2[Bi2Cl10I]应用于热功能领域,如应用在热致变色窗或者温度警示器上,将会表现出很好地应用价值。
附图说明
图1是(C12H14N2)有机配体的结构示意图;
图2是(C12H14N2)2[Bi2Cl10I]结构示意图;
图3是(C12H14N2)2[Bi2Cl10I]热致变色过程图。
具体实施方式
为了更清楚地说明本发明,下面结合实施例和附图对本发明做进一步的说明。需要说明的是本发明并不局限于以下具体实施例,凡在本申请技术方案基础上做的等同变换均落入本发明的保护范围。下述实施例中的实验方法,如无特殊说明,均为常规方法。下述实施例中所用的试验材料均为商品,如无特殊说明,均默认试剂为商店购买得到。其中2,2’-联吡啶购买于上海笛柏。
实施例1
一种具有热致变色的金属有机杂化材料(C12H14N2)2[Bi2Cl10I],该晶体形貌为黄色棒状晶体,其特征在于所含(C12H14N2)部分为该晶体内有机配体,其结构如图1所示,该材料其特征在于(C12H14N2)2[Bi2Cl10I]的空间群为P 21/n,其晶胞参数为a = 9.8928(14) Å ,b =17.106(2) Å,c = 10.8991(14) Å;通过以下操作制备:
(1)将0.1mL氢碘酸57%(w/w)、4mL甲醇混合反应10分钟,再加入0.063g 2,2’-联吡啶搅拌,称取0.13g氯化铋并加入1.7mL36%盐酸(w/w),将两次反应的液体混合转移至23mL反应釜内,再加入6mL甲醇;
(2)将反应釜放入电热鼓风干燥箱,用60℃/小时速率从25℃升至145℃至190℃,在145℃至190℃保温12至18小时,最后用10℃/小时速率降温至室温25℃;
(3)样品分离方法:将实验中反应釜内的样品转移至20mL小烧杯,用胶头滴管吸取适量甲醇加入烧杯内,用另一支胶头滴管搅拌,过滤,再次用甲醇搅拌清洗,重复三次将产物中可溶性物质清洗干净,将剩余物质在40℃干燥箱中干燥,然后将里面的黄色(C12H14N2)2[Bi2Cl10I]晶体用牙签挑拣出来。(C12H14N2)2[Bi2Cl10I]晶体结构示意图如图2所示。
实施例2
具有热致变色的金属有机杂化材料晶体的制备方法:
(1)将0.1mL氢碘酸57%(w/w)、4mL甲醇混合反应10分钟,再加入0.063g 2,2’-联吡啶搅拌,称取0.13g氯化铋并加入1.7mL36%盐酸(w/w),将两次反应的液体混合转移至23mL反应釜内,再加入6mL甲醇;
(2)将反应釜放入电热鼓风干燥箱,用60℃/小时速率从25℃升至145℃至190℃,在145℃至190℃保温12至18小时,最后用10℃/小时速率降温至室温25℃;
(3)样品分离方法:将实验中反应釜内的样品转移至20mL小烧杯,用胶头滴管吸取适量甲醇加入烧杯内,用另一支胶头滴管搅拌,过滤,再次用甲醇搅拌清洗,重复三次将产物中可溶性物质清洗干净,将剩余物质在40℃干燥箱中干燥,然后将里面的黄色(C12H14N2)2[Bi2Cl10I]晶体用牙签挑拣出来。本发明(C12H14N2)2[Bi2Cl10I]晶体结构示意图如图2所示。
实施例3
为了更好的了解本发明具有的应用于热功能领域的潜力,以下是对该材料进行的热致变色实验:
实验设计流程图如图3所示,具体实验以及操作如下:
(1)将分离纯化的(C12H14N2)2[Bi2Cl10I]放在干净的石英方舟中,将石英方舟放在60℃干燥箱中,加热3小时除去材料中的水分,材料在此过程中未发生变色;
(2)将温度升高至200℃,材料在半小时内发生了变色,颜色由淡黄色转变为红色,色差很明显,显示出在200℃时的热致变色效应,同时温度越高,变色越快;
(3)关闭干燥箱加热功能,一天左右的时间材料又恢复了淡黄色。
这种在200℃左右显示出热致变色的金属有机杂化材料,显色色差明显,容易分辨,具有可逆热致变色效应,在热功能材料领域具有很大的应用价值。
实施例4
热致变色材料用于温度警示器和热致变色窗的实例。
将(C12H14N2)2[Bi2Cl10I]材料溶于甲醇,将其溶液涂抹在如电脑主机、农用机发动机处等各种发热机器部位,当温度在200℃左右时,材料就会变成红色以起到警示作用,便于人们进行及时的降温处理。同时,还可以将该材料制成热致变色窗,当温度在200℃左右时,该热致变色窗就会变色为红色,以示警,助于人们排除隐患。
本发明的上述实施例仅仅是为清楚地说明本发明所作的举例,而并非是对本发明的实施方式的限定,对于该材料具有的应用于热功能材料领域的潜力,在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其它不同形式的变化或变动,这里无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举,凡是属于本发说明书明的技术方案所引伸出的显而易见的变化或变动仍处于本发明的保护范围之列。
Claims (3)
1.一种具有热致变色的金属有机杂化材料晶体,其特征在于分子式为(C12H14N2)2[Bi2Cl10I],所含(C12H14N2)部分为该晶体内有机配体,其结构如下
(C12H14N2)2[Bi2Cl10I]的空间群为P 21/n,其晶胞参数为a = 9.8928(14) Å ,b =17.106(2) Å,c = 10.8991(14) Å;。
2.权利要求1所述具有热致变色的金属有机杂化材料晶体的制备方法,其特征在于按如下的步骤进行:
(1)将0.1mL氢碘酸57%(w/w)、4mL甲醇混合反应10分钟,再加入0.063g 2,2’-联吡啶搅拌,称取0.13g氯化铋并加入1.7mL35%-36%盐酸(w/w),将两次反应的液体混合转移至23mL反应釜内,再加入6mL甲醇;
(2)将反应釜放入电热鼓风干燥箱,用60℃/小时速率从25℃升至145℃至190℃,在145℃至190℃保温12至18小时,最后用10℃/小时速率降温至室温25℃;
(3)样品分离方法:将实验中反应釜内的样品转移至20mL小烧杯,用胶头滴管吸取适量甲醇加入烧杯内,用另一支胶头滴管搅拌,过滤,再次用甲醇搅拌清洗,重复三次将产物中可溶性物质清洗干净,将剩余物质在40℃干燥箱中干燥,然后将里面的黄色(C12H14N2)2[Bi2Cl10I]晶体用牙签挑拣出来;其空间群为P 21/n,其晶胞参数为a = 9.8928(14) Å ,b= 17.106(2) Å,c = 10.8991(14) Å;。
3.权利要求1所述具有热致变色的金属有机杂化材料晶体(C12H14N2)2[Bi2Cl10I]在热功能材料领域的应用,所述热功能材料领域指的是:热至变色窗、温度警示器。
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CN113501780A (zh) * | 2021-04-09 | 2021-10-15 | 中国计量大学 | 一种基于丁基吡啶鎓阳离子的铋碘杂化半导体类钙钛矿材料 |
WO2024086967A1 (en) * | 2022-10-24 | 2024-05-02 | Abb Schweiz Ag | Hermochromic material based hot surface warning on robot and robot including the same |
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Cited By (3)
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CN113501780A (zh) * | 2021-04-09 | 2021-10-15 | 中国计量大学 | 一种基于丁基吡啶鎓阳离子的铋碘杂化半导体类钙钛矿材料 |
CN113501780B (zh) * | 2021-04-09 | 2023-06-13 | 中国计量大学 | 一种基于丁基吡啶鎓阳离子的铋碘杂化半导体类钙钛矿材料 |
WO2024086967A1 (en) * | 2022-10-24 | 2024-05-02 | Abb Schweiz Ag | Hermochromic material based hot surface warning on robot and robot including the same |
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