CN108943919A - 一种防弹玻璃及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种防弹玻璃及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN108943919A
CN108943919A CN201811117648.1A CN201811117648A CN108943919A CN 108943919 A CN108943919 A CN 108943919A CN 201811117648 A CN201811117648 A CN 201811117648A CN 108943919 A CN108943919 A CN 108943919A
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逯平
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Hongyi Technology Co ltd
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Hanergy Mobile Energy Holdings Group Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明属于玻璃加工技术领域，提供了一种防弹玻璃及其制备方法。所述防弹玻璃包括依次设置的第一玻璃层、第二玻璃层和防弹层，所述第一玻璃层和第二玻璃层之间为第一粘接层，第二玻璃层和防弹层之间为第二粘接层，所述第一粘接层和第二粘接层为隔热粘接层，所述防弹层具有隔热空气层。本发明的有益效果在于：隔热粘接层可以将热量有效阻隔，隔热空气层可进一步提高保温隔热效果。

Description

一种防弹玻璃及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于玻璃加工技术领域，具体涉及一种防弹玻璃及其制备方法。
背景技术
防弹玻璃作为一种透明材料，具有极高的强度和韧性，可以承受强烈冲击和破坏，在满足透光观察要求的同时抵御枪弹射击而不被穿透，在安全防护方面有着广泛的用途，常用于银行、贵重物品陈列柜、监狱等地的门窗部位，以最大程度的保护人身安全，为了实现防弹功能，防弹玻璃常设计为多层的层状结构，但普通防弹玻璃较低的保温隔热性能。
公告号为CN 206968122 U的发明公开了一种防弹玻璃，包括多层玻璃与一层聚碳酸酯层，通过PVB胶片进行粘接。
传统防弹玻璃不可发电，不能调节室内光线，同时为了达到需要的防弹效果，必须采用多层玻璃和PVB胶片组成防弹玻璃，总体体积较重，对于承接框要求和安装动力要求较高；同时传统防弹玻璃具有较低的保温隔热性能。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种防弹玻璃及其制备方法，以解决现有技术中存在的技术问题。
本发明所采用的技术手段是：一种防弹玻璃，包括：依次设置的第一玻璃层、第二玻璃层和防弹层，所述第一玻璃层和第二玻璃层之间为第一粘接层，第二玻璃层和防弹层之间为第二粘接层，所述第一粘接层和第二粘接层为隔热粘接层，所述防弹层具有隔热空气层。所述隔热粘接层和隔热空气层使防弹玻璃具有良好的保温隔热效果，可以有效降低夏天室内温度，并可减少冬天室内热量流失。
可选的技术方案中，所述第一粘接层为PVB、SGP、PU高隔热胶片中的一种，厚度为0.38-2.28mm，透光率90％以上。优选地，所述第一粘接层为经隔热纳米掺锑氧化锡或隔热纳米掺锡氧化铟处理的PVB隔热胶片，具有更好的抗击外来撞击，提高防盗、隔音和防紫外线性能。
可选的技术方案中，所述第二粘接层为高隔热PU灌注胶粘接层，厚度为1-2mm。
可选的技术方案中，所述第二玻璃层为芯片镀膜玻璃层，所述芯片镀膜玻璃层厚度为3-6mm，透光率为20％-50％。优选地，所述芯片镀膜玻璃层为普通浮法玻璃，可实现防弹玻璃的发电。
可选的技术方案中，所述防弹层为PC防弹层，依次包括PC层、第三玻璃层和第四玻璃层；所述PC层和第三玻璃层之间为第一空气层，所述第三玻璃层和所述第四玻璃层之间为第二空气层。使用PC防弹层不仅防弹效果更好，产品质量更轻，有利于安装。
可选的技术方案中，所述PC层厚度为2-6mm，透光率90％以上。
可选的技术方案中，所述PC层与第三玻璃层之间通过铝间隔条和硅酮密封胶粘接密封形成第一空气层；所述第三玻璃层与第四玻璃层之间通过铝间隔条和硅酮密封胶粘接密封形成第二空气层。双层空气层结构进一步提高了防弹玻璃的保温隔热效果。
可选的技术方案中，所述第一玻璃层、第三玻璃层和第四玻璃层为浮法玻璃，钢化玻璃、平板玻璃、夹丝玻璃中的一种，厚度为3-6mm。
可选的技术方案中，所述第一玻璃层外侧设置有高反射隔热薄膜层。优选地，所述高反射隔热薄膜层为采用磁控溅射工艺将金、银、钛、镍、铟等贵金属均匀溅射到光学级PET基材上制成的多层至密的高隔热金属膜层，对太阳光谱中的红外热量起到持久反射隔热作用。所述高反射隔热膜为靠反射来达到隔热目的的智能光谱选择性隔热膜，解决了吸热型膜隔热膜的先天性缺陷二次辐射传热问题。
本发明还提供一种上述防弹玻璃的制备工艺，所述制备工艺包括以下步骤：
(1)采用共蒸发技术在玻璃层表面沉积光伏芯片镀层，采用激光刻划不同的芯片镀层间隔尺寸及排布密度，得到具有不同透光率的第二玻璃层；
(2)将第一玻璃层、第一粘接层、第二玻璃层从上到下依次叠加合片，预压得到复合样品；
(3)将步骤(2)中制备的复合样品放入高压釜中，高温压制得到高压复合样品；
(4)将步骤(3)中制备的高压复合样品在第二玻璃层与PC层之间进行PU灌封粘接，冷却固化后得到第二粘接层。
进一步地，步骤(2)在辊压机中预压，保持辊压后玻璃表面温度为70℃左右，冷却备用，得到预压复合样品。
进一步地，步骤(3)预压复合样品放入高压釜中，升温升压至120-140℃，1-1.5MPa，保持30-60min,后降温至40℃以下，后缓慢卸压，打开高压釜得到高压复合样品。
进一步地，步骤(4)将隔PU胶主料与固化剂2000转/min搅拌混合均匀，真空脱泡后，将步骤(3)中制备的复合样品在第二玻璃层一面与PC层之间进行PU灌封粘接，冷却固化后得到PU灌注胶粘接层。
进一步地，所述制备工艺还可以包含步骤(5)和步骤(6)，具体包括：
(5)在PC层与第三玻璃层之间、第三玻璃层与第四玻璃层10之间分别通过铝间隔条和硅酮密封胶粘接密封形成第一空气层和第二空气层；
(6)在第一玻璃层表面粘接高反射隔热薄膜层。
进一步的，步骤(5)中的所述铝间隔条内填充有可吸收水汽的分子筛颗粒。
与现有技术相比，本发明产生的有益效果是：
(1)本发明的防弹玻璃通过设置高隔热PVB胶片、高隔热PU灌封胶及高反射薄膜及可以将热量有效阻隔，通过双层空气层结构进一步提高了保温隔热效果。
(2)本发明的防弹玻璃中具有PC防弹层，不仅产品防弹效果更好，产品质量更轻，有利于安装。
(3)本发明防弹玻璃中的芯片镀膜玻璃层不仅可以发电，而且通过激光刻划后可以调节室内光线。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1中防弹玻璃的材料组成结构示意图。
其中：1、高反射隔热薄膜层，2、第一玻璃层，3、隔热PVB胶膜粘接层，4、第二玻璃层，5、隔热PU灌注胶粘接层，6、高透光PC塑料层，7、第一空气层，8、第三玻璃层，9、第二空气层，10、第四玻璃层。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整的描述，显然所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所获的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明的保护范围。
术语PC即聚碳酸酯(英文：Polycarbonate，缩写为PC)是指分子链中含有碳酸酯基的高分子聚合物，根据酯基的结构可分为脂肪族、芳香族、脂肪族-芳香族等多种类型，由于聚碳酸酯结构上的特殊性，已成为五大工程塑料中增长速度最快的通用工程塑料。
聚合物是指通过将不论是相同或不同类的单体进行聚合而制备的聚合化合物。通用术语聚合物因而包含均聚物(通常用来指由唯一一种单体制备的聚合物)以及互聚物。
术语PVB即聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(英文：Polyvinyl Butyral，缩写为PVB)。PVB胶片为半透明膜片，对无机玻璃有很好粘结力，具有透明、耐热、耐寒、机械强度高等特性，是制造夹层玻璃用的最佳粘合材料。PVB胶片能吸收冲击能量，不产生破碎片，这种安全玻璃广泛应用于汽车、高层建筑、银行柜台，各种防弹玻璃等。在具有安全性能的同时，还有优异的隔音，光控，保温，隔热，防震等性能，是世界上最理想的安全玻璃加工材料。
术语SGP(Sentry Glas Plus)中间膜是由杜邦公司研发，具有重大革新技术的夹层玻璃中间膜。SGP超越了现有技术，大大拓展了夹层玻璃性能。SGP的撕裂强度是普通PVB的5倍度，硬度是普通PVB的100倍。SGP的高强度、高透明、耐久性、多种结构及灵活的安装，使其能轻易适应当今建筑市场的最新最严格的要求。相对普通夹层玻璃，SGP夹层玻璃可提高防弹玻璃的性能，可在一定程度上减小夹层玻璃的厚度。
术语PU即聚胺酯(英语：Polyurethane，缩写为PU)是指主链中含有氨基甲酸酯特征单元的一类高分子，这种高分子材料广泛用于黏合剂，涂层，低速轮胎，垫圈，车垫等工业领域。
实施例1
按照如下制备方法制备本实施例中防弹玻璃
(1)将厚度为3mm的玻璃层进行清洗干燥后，在上表面采用共蒸发技术沉积光伏芯片镀层，并采用激光法刻划不同的芯片镀层间隔尺寸及排布密度，从而得到透光率为50％的第二玻璃层4；
(2)将透光率为50％的第二玻璃层4的芯片镀层朝上，将第一玻璃层2清洗干燥后，将第一玻璃层2、隔热PVB胶膜粘接层3及第二玻璃层4从上到下依次叠加合片，放入预热后的辊压机中预压，保持辊压后玻璃表面温度为70℃左右，冷却备用，得到预压复合样品；
(3)将步骤(2)制备的预压复合样品放入高压釜中，升温升压至120℃，1MPa，保持30min，后降温至40℃以下，后缓慢卸压，打开高压釜得到高压复合样品；
(4)将隔热PU胶主料与固化剂2000转/min搅拌混合均匀，真空脱泡后，将步骤(3)中制备的复合样品在第二玻璃层4非镀膜一面与高透光PC塑料层6之间进行PU胶灌封粘接，冷却固化后得到隔热PU灌注胶粘接层5；
(5)将步骤(4)中制备的复合样品在高透光PC塑料层6一面与第三玻璃层8之间通过铝间隔条和硅酮密封胶进行粘接密封，形成第一空气层7，同时铝间隔条内填充有可吸收水汽的分子筛颗粒。
(6)将步骤(5)中制备的复合样品在第三玻璃层8一面与第四玻璃层10之间通过铝间隔条和硅酮密封胶进行粘接密封，形成第二空气层9，同时铝间隔条内填充有可吸收水汽的分子筛颗粒。
(7)将步骤(6)制备的复合样品，在第一玻璃层2上表面粘接高反射隔热薄膜层1。
如附图1所示，本实施例制备的具有防弹玻璃，自上而下依次为高反射隔热薄膜层1，第一玻璃层2，隔热PVB胶膜粘接层3，第二玻璃层4，隔热PU灌注胶粘接层5，高透光PC塑料层6，第一空气层7，第三玻璃层8，第二空气层9，第四玻璃层10。
其中，高反射隔热薄膜层1厚度为50μm，具体地，高反射隔热薄膜层1为采用磁控溅射工艺将金、银、钛、镍、铟等贵金属均匀溅射到光学级PET基材上制成的多层至密的高隔热金属膜层；隔热PVB胶膜粘接层3厚度为0.38mm，透光率大于90％；第二玻璃层4为基于普通浮法玻璃制作的芯片镀膜玻璃层，厚度为3mm，透光率50％；隔热PU灌注胶粘接层5的厚度为1mm；高透光PC塑料层6厚度为2mm，透光率大于90％；第一玻璃层、第三玻璃层8和第四玻璃层10为夹丝玻璃层，厚度均为3mm；第一空气层7和第二空气层9厚度相同，厚度均为2mm，可有效的提高保温隔热效果。
实施例2
按照如下制备方法制备本实施例中防弹玻璃
(1)将厚度为6mm的玻璃层进行清洗干燥后，在上表面采用共蒸发技术沉积光伏芯片镀层，并采用激光法刻划不同的芯片镀层间隔尺寸及排布密度，从而得到透光率为20％的第二玻璃层4；
(2)将透光率为20％的第二玻璃层4的芯片镀层朝上，将第一玻璃层2清洗干燥后，将第一玻璃层2、隔热PVB胶膜粘接层3及第二玻璃层4从上到下依次叠加合片，放入预热后的辊压机中预压，保持辊压后玻璃表面温度为70℃左右，冷却备用，得到预压复合样品；
(3)将步骤(2)制备的预压复合样品放入高压釜中，升温升压至140℃，1.5MPa，保持60min，后降温至40℃以下，后缓慢卸压，打开高压釜得到高压复合样品；
(4)将隔热PU胶主料与固化剂2000转/min搅拌混合均匀，真空脱泡后，将步骤(3)中制备的复合样品在第二玻璃层4非镀膜一面与高透光PC塑料层6之间进行PU胶灌封粘接，冷却固化后得到隔热PU灌注胶粘接层5；
(5)将步骤(4)中制备的复合样品在高透光PC塑料层6一面与第三玻璃层8之间通过铝间隔条和硅酮密封胶进行粘接密封，形成第一空气层7，同时铝间隔条内填充有可吸收水汽的分子筛颗粒。
(6)将步骤(5)中制备的复合样品在第三玻璃层8一面与第四玻璃层10之间通过铝间隔条和硅酮密封胶进行粘接密封，形成第二空气层9，同时铝间隔条内填充有可吸收水汽的分子筛颗粒。
(7)将步骤(6)制备的复合样品，在第一玻璃层2上表面粘接高反射隔热薄膜层1。
其中，高反射隔热薄膜层1厚度为500μm，具体地，高反射隔热薄膜层1为采用磁控溅射工艺将金、银、钛、镍、铟等贵金属均匀溅射到光学级PET基材上制成的多层至密的高隔热金属膜层；隔热PVB胶膜粘接层3厚度为2.28mm，透光率大于90％；第二玻璃层4为基于普通浮法玻璃制作的芯片镀膜玻璃层，厚度为6mm，透光率20％；隔热PU灌注胶粘接层5的厚度为2mm；高透光PC塑料层6厚度为6mm，透光率大于90％；第一玻璃层、第三玻璃层8和第四玻璃层10为钢化玻璃层，厚度均为6mm；第一空气层7和第二空气层9厚度相同，厚度均为4mm，可有效的提高保温隔热效果。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

1.一种防弹玻璃，包括：依次设置的第一玻璃层、第二玻璃层和防弹层，所述第一玻璃层和第二玻璃层之间为第一粘接层，第二玻璃层和防弹层之间为第二粘接层，其特征在于，所述第一粘接层和第二粘接层为隔热粘接层，所述防弹层具有隔热空气层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的防弹玻璃，其特征在于，所述第一粘接层为PVB、SGP、PU高隔热胶片中的一种，厚度为0.38-2.28mm，透光率90％以上。
3.根据权利要求1所述的防弹玻璃，其特征在于，所述第二粘接层为高隔热PU灌注胶粘接层，厚度为1-2mm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的防弹玻璃，其特征在于，所述第二玻璃层为芯片镀膜玻璃层，所述芯片镀膜玻璃层厚度为3-6mm，透光率为20％-50％。
5.根据权利要求1所述的防弹玻璃，其特征在于，所述防弹层为PC防弹层，依次包括PC层、第三玻璃层和第四玻璃层；所述PC层和第三玻璃层之间为第一空气层，所述第三玻璃层和所述第四玻璃层之间为第二空气层。
6.根据权利要求5所述的防弹玻璃，其特征在于，所述PC层厚度为2-6mm，透光率90％以上。
7.根据权利要求5所述的防弹玻璃，其特征在于，所述PC层与第三玻璃层之间通过铝间隔条和硅酮密封胶粘接密封形成第一空气层；所述第三玻璃层与第四玻璃层之间通过铝间隔条和硅酮密封胶粘接密封形成第二空气层。
8.根据权利要求5所述的防弹玻璃，其特征在于，所述第一玻璃层、第三玻璃层和第四玻璃层为浮法玻璃，钢化玻璃、平板玻璃、夹丝玻璃中的一种，厚度为3-6mm。
9.根据权利要求1所述的防弹玻璃，其特征在于，所述第一玻璃层外侧设置有高反射隔热薄膜层。
10.根据权利要求1-9任一项所述的防弹玻璃的制备方法，所述制备方法包括以下步骤：
(1)采用共蒸发技术在玻璃层表面沉积光伏芯片镀层，采用激光刻划不同的芯片镀层间隔尺寸及排布密度，得到具有不同透光率的第二玻璃层；
(2)将第一玻璃层、第一粘接层、第二玻璃层从上到下依次叠加合片，预压得到复合样品；
(3)将步骤(2)中制备的复合样品高温压制得到高压复合样品；
(4)将步骤(3)中制备的高压复合样品在第二玻璃层与PC层之间进行PU灌封粘接，冷却固化后得到第二粘接层。
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