CN108943323B - Ceramic 3D printer - Google Patents
Ceramic 3D printer Download PDFInfo
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- CN108943323B CN108943323B CN201710353633.4A CN201710353633A CN108943323B CN 108943323 B CN108943323 B CN 108943323B CN 201710353633 A CN201710353633 A CN 201710353633A CN 108943323 B CN108943323 B CN 108943323B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
- B28B1/001—Rapid manufacturing of 3D objects by additive depositing, agglomerating or laminating of material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
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Abstract
The invention discloses a ceramic 3D printer which can continuously and reliably print ceramic pieces by adopting ceramic slurry with high solid phase ratio and high viscosity. The technical scheme is as follows: the ceramic 3D printer includes: a laser scanning system for curing the photosensitive ceramic slurry with a laser beam; a feeding system for supplying ceramic slurry to the platen; a material layer laying and strickling system is used for forming a uniform thin layer on the bedplate by the ceramic slurry; the lifting workbench bears the printed workpiece and realizes the vertical movement of the workpiece in the printing process; the printer comprises a body, a printer body and a control unit, wherein the body is used for bearing all systems and mechanisms of the printer; and a control system for controlling various operations of the printer.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a 3D printer, in particular to a 3D printer capable of printing high-performance ceramic.
Background
With the rapid development of additive manufacturing technology, a variety of ceramic 3D printers have appeared in recent years, and the raw material application range of these printers can be summarized into two types, one type is used for printing traditional ceramic materials, and the other type is used for printing high-performance ceramic materials. The traditional ceramics take clay as a main raw material, are usually used for manufacturing daily necessities and artware and have lower strength. High-performance ceramics are also called fine ceramics, generally take oxides, nitrides, silicides, borides, carbides and the like as main raw materials, have good performance, are used for manufacturing engineering devices (such as engine parts of automobiles and airplanes) and functional devices (such as sensors), and are the development direction of modern ceramic materials.
The printer provided by the chinese invention patent CN 105751348A is typical of a conventional ceramic 3D printer (see fig. 1 and fig. 2), and a print head 30a of the printer is composed of a cylinder 31a, a needle 32a, an air pipe 34a, etc., the air pipe 34a is connected to an air pressure control system 50a, and the air pressure extrudes the ceramic slurry in the cylinder 31a from the needle 32a onto the platen 40a through the air pipe 34 a. And, due to the movement of the print head 30a relative to the X-axis 22a and Y- axis 21a, 21b guides, a 2D pattern of ceramic pieces in layers is gradually formed on the platen 40a, and finally superimposed into a 3D ceramic biscuit. The 3D printer has a simple structure, but the diameter of the needle 32a cannot be too small due to the high viscosity of the ceramic slurry and the limitation of the driving air pressure (usually 5 to 6 atm at most), otherwise the ceramic slurry cannot be extruded smoothly. Therefore, the 3D printer for extruding the slurry by using air pressure has low printing resolution, cannot form ceramic parts with high strength, high precision and fine characteristics, can only be used for manufacturing common ceramic daily necessities and artware, and cannot be used for manufacturing high-performance ceramic parts.
At present, the 3D printer for printing high-performance ceramics mainly has the following 3 types:
(1) powder sintering (SLS) formula pottery 3D printer
Fig. 3 is a ceramic 3D printer using the principle of powder sintering (SLS), which uses ceramic powder wrapped by a polymer material (binder) as a forming raw material, and bonds the ceramic powder into a ceramic biscuit by melting the polymer material with laser, and then performs degreasing and high-temperature sintering treatment in a heating furnace to obtain a ceramic part. SLS type ceramic 3D printer made of CO2The laser (or Nd: YAG laser) 3b, X-Y scanning galvanometer 1b, powder supply cylinder 9b (2), forming cylinder 6b and powder spreading roller 12b, etc. during the operation of the printer, ① piston 10b in powder supply cylinder 9b moves upwards by a small height to make the ceramic powder 11b over the piston higher than the powder supply cylinder by a small height, ② powder supply cylinderThe powder spreading roller 12b above the cylinder moves from left to right along the horizontal direction, a layer of ceramic powder is spread above the workbench 8b, a heating system (not shown) above the ③ workbench preheats the ceramic powder on the workbench to a temperature lower than a sintering point, a laser beam 2b emitted by a ④ laser is reflected by a vibrating mirror 1b controlled by a computer, the ceramic powder on the workbench is scanned in a selected area according to the information of the cross section profile of the ceramic piece, the temperature of a high molecular binder in the ceramic powder is raised to a melting point, the ceramic powder is mutually bonded to obtain a layer of cross section sheet of the ceramic piece, after one layer of the ceramic piece is formed, the workbench descends by a small layer of height, then the powder spreading and sintering of the next layer are carried out, and the circulation is carried out to obtain a ceramic biscuit.
The powder sintering (SLS) type ceramic 3D printing method described above has the disadvantage that the formed ceramic part has a low density, which can only reach 53-65% of the theoretical density, and therefore the strength is also low, and post-treatment is required to improve the density and strength.
(2) Powder melting (SLM) type ceramic 3D printer
The structure of a powder melting (SLM) type ceramic 3D printer is similar to that of fig. 3 except that pure ceramic powder (without polymeric binder) is used as the forming raw material and the ceramic powder is bonded and formed by laser heating the ceramic powder to a melting point (for example 2715 ℃ for yttria stabilized zirconia ceramic). The method can obtain the ceramic piece with the theoretical density of 100 percent, but the surface is rough, the dimensional precision is low, and a large temperature gradient can be generated due to large laser power, so that cracks and air holes can be generated in the ceramic piece in the rapid melting and solidification process of the ceramic powder.
(3) Photocuring (SLA) type ceramic 3D printer
A photocuring (SLA) type ceramic 3D printer adopts ceramic slurry formed by dispersing ceramic particles in photocuring solution (resin base or water base) as a forming raw material, then the slurry is solidified layer by layer into a ceramic biscuit under the action of ultraviolet light, and dewaxing and high-temperature sintering are carried out in a heating furnace to obtain a ceramic piece. The method can obtain the high-density and high-strength ceramic piece with the theoretical density of 99 percent. Currently, a light-cured (SLA) type ceramic 3D printer produced abroad mainly has the following two typical structures.
Fig. 4 shows a CeraFab Ceramic 3D printer manufactured by Lithoz, austria, which uses LCM (Lithography-based Ceramic Manufacturing) technology, and projects a layer of cross-sectional patterns of a CAD model of a Ceramic workpiece onto a slurry 7c formed by mixing Ceramic powder and photosensitive resin through a rotatable transparent magazine 3c by using an LED light source 5c disposed below and a light beam 4c generated by a dynamic digital mask, so as to solidify the corresponding patterns, thereby forming a Ceramic biscuit 6c formed by bonding layers of cross-sections, and then the biscuit is heated in a degreasing furnace to remove the resin therein, and then is sintered in a high temperature furnace to form a dense Ceramic workpiece.
The graph generated by the CeraFab ceramic 3D printer through the dynamic digital mask has high resolution, so that a high-performance ceramic piece with high precision and fine characteristics can be formed, the 4-point bending strength of the sintered zirconia ceramic piece can reach 650MPa, and the density can reach 99.1% of the theoretical density.
The disadvantages of this printer are: (1) because the lower light source irradiates on the bottom of the light-transmitting material box 3 from bottom to top to solidify the ceramic slurry 7c adjacent to the bottom of the material box, the solidified section of the layer often sticks to the bottom of the material box by mistake, so that the formed part 6c is damaged, therefore, a special non-stick film has to be laid on the bottom of the material box, and the action of getting rid of the sticking bottom is added, which is expensive and affects the efficiency. This problem is more pronounced when high viscosity ceramic slurries are used. (2) The ceramic slurry 7c is placed in a rotatable material box, and the feeding and the spreading of each layer of section are realized by means of the self-flowing capacity of the slurry and the rotation of the scraper 2c, so that the slurry with higher viscosity is difficult to adopt. (3) Due to the size limitation of dynamic digital masks, it is difficult to print large-sized ceramic parts, and the light intensity at each position covered by the mask cannot be automatically adjusted individually, making it difficult to optimize the printing process.
Fig. 5 shows a Ceramaker ceramic 3D printer manufactured by 3D CERAM corporation of france, which irradiates a laser beam emitted from an ultraviolet laser 1D placed on an upper portion onto a slurry 7D formed by mixing ceramic powder and photosensitive resin on a table 3D through an X-Y scanning galvanometer 2D to form a ceramic green body formed by bonding layers of cross sections, and then heats the green body in a degreasing furnace to remove the resin therein, and then sinters the green body in a high temperature furnace to form a dense ceramic member.
The laser beam of the Ceramaker ceramic 3D printer has high resolution, so that a high-performance ceramic part with high precision and fine characteristics can be formed, the 3-point bending strength of the sintered zirconia ceramic part can reach 1100MPa, and the density can reach 99% of the theoretical density.
The disadvantages of this printer are: (1) the slurry 7d is placed on the piston of the slurry cylinder 5d, and the feeding and spreading of each layer of section are realized through the upward movement of the piston and the horizontal movement of the scraper 6d, and the feeding mode occupies a large area and is not beneficial to printing large-size ceramic pieces. (2) The sealing difficulty in the slurry cylinder 5d and the forming cylinder 4d is high, ceramic hard particles in the slurry can enter the sealing position, and the piston movement of the slurry cylinder 5d and the forming cylinder 4d can be obstructed and even blocked, and the problem is more prominent when high-ceramic-volume-content (namely solid phase ratio) and high-viscosity ceramic slurry is used.
One key for determining the quality of the ceramic 3D printed product is that the solid phase ratio of the slurry formed by mixing the ceramic and the resin is higher, namely the solid phase ratio indicates that the volume of the resin contained in the slurry is lower, the resin is easy to gasify and remove in the subsequent degreasing process, and the sintered ceramic product has small shrinkage, small warping deformation, high density and good strength. However, as the solid phase ratio of the ceramic slurry increases, the viscosity of the slurry also increases significantly. Therefore, the ceramic slurry with high solid-to-solid ratio is a development trend of ceramic 3D printing technology, but the difficulty caused by the high viscosity ceramic slurry must be solved. Of the above disadvantages of both CeraFab and Ceramaker high performance ceramic 3D printers, the most prominent problem is also due to the high viscosity of the ceramic slurry.
Disclosure of Invention
The following presents a simplified summary of one or more aspects in order to provide a basic understanding of such aspects. This summary is not an extensive overview of all contemplated aspects, and is intended to neither identify key or critical elements of all aspects nor delineate the scope of any or all aspects. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of one or more aspects in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.
The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a ceramic 3D printer capable of continuously and reliably printing ceramic pieces using a ceramic paste having a high solid phase ratio and a high viscosity.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the invention discloses a ceramic 3D printer, which comprises:
a laser scanning system for curing the photosensitive ceramic slurry with a laser beam;
a feeding system for supplying ceramic slurry to the platen;
a material layer laying and strickling system is used for forming a uniform thin layer on the bedplate by the ceramic slurry;
the lifting workbench bears the printed workpiece and realizes the vertical movement of the workpiece in the printing process;
the printer comprises a body, a printer body and a control unit, wherein the body is used for bearing all systems and mechanisms of the printer;
and a control system for controlling various operations of the printer.
According to an embodiment of the ceramic 3D printer of the present invention, the laser scanning system comprises a laser, a cooler, an X-Y scanning galvanometer, a focusing lens, and an adjustable support base, wherein:
the laser is fixed on the adjustable supporting seat and generates a laser beam for solidifying the ceramic slurry;
the cooler is arranged behind the printer and used for cooling the laser;
the X-Y scanning galvanometer is arranged on an external light path in front of the laser and used for enabling a laser beam emitted by the laser to perform scanning movement in the horizontal X-Y direction according to an instruction of the control system;
the focusing lens is arranged below the X-Y scanning galvanometer and used for focusing the light beams reflected by the X-Y scanning galvanometer;
the adjustable supporting seat is fixed on the machine body below the laser and used for supporting the laser and adjusting the position of the laser in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction.
According to an embodiment of the ceramic 3D printer of the present invention, the charging system comprises a cartridge, a vibrator, a support and a conduit, wherein:
the charging barrel is fixed at the right part of the supporting seat, an inlet above the charging barrel is connected with a pneumatic control system, and an outlet below the charging barrel is connected with an inlet of the material box through the conduit and used for storing and conveying ceramic slurry;
the material box is fixed in the middle of the supporting seat, an inlet of the material box is connected with an outlet of the material cylinder through the guide pipe, a diaphragm at the upper part of the material box is positioned below the vibrator, and a gap at the lower part of the material box is aligned to the bedplate and used for supplying ceramic slurry required by the bedplate;
the vibrator is fixed on the supporting seat above the material box, a circuit of the vibrator is connected with the control system, and a vibrator below the vibrator is positioned above a diaphragm of the material box and used for striking the diaphragm to enable ceramic slurry in the material box to be sprayed onto the bedplate;
the supporting seat is fixed on a supporting plate of the material layer laying and leveling system and used for mounting the material cylinder, the material box and the vibrator;
the conduit is used for connecting the material barrel and the material box.
According to an embodiment of the ceramic 3D printer of the present invention, the layer laying and leveling system comprises a scraper, a rotating shaft, a large stepping motor and a small stepping motor, a knife rest, a screw fine adjuster, a flat plate, a support block, a support plate, and a ball screw-nut kinematic pair, wherein:
the scraper is positioned above the bedplate, is connected with an output shaft of the small stepping motor through the rotating shaft and is used for spreading and scraping the ceramic slurry sprayed on the bedplate;
the middle part of the rotating shaft is fixed with the scraper, and the extending end of the rotating shaft is connected with the output shaft of the small stepping motor and used for transmitting the rotation of the small stepping motor to the scraper;
the base of the small stepping motor is connected with the tool rest and is used for rotating the scraper to enable the scraper to have a required inclination angle relative to the surface of the bedplate;
the bottom of the knife rest is fixed on the support plate of the material layer laying and leveling system and is used for installing the scraper;
the spiral fine adjuster is fixed above the tool rest and used for adjusting the height of the scraper relative to the bedplate;
the flat plate is fixed on the machine body and used for bearing the material layer laying and leveling system;
the support block is connected with the ball screw-nut kinematic pair and used for transmitting the motion of the ball screw-nut kinematic pair to the material layer laying and leveling system;
the support plate is positioned above the support block and used for connecting the support block with the tool rest;
and the first ball screw-nut kinematic pair is positioned on the flat plate and used for converting the rotation of the large-step motor into reciprocating translation.
According to an embodiment of the ceramic 3D printer of the present invention, the liftable table comprises a platen, a cylinder, a connecting rod, a pin, a support frame, a sliding frame, a second ball screw-nut kinematic pair, a stepping motor, a telescopic sleeve, and a slurry box recovery box, wherein:
the bedplate is fixed above the piston of the cylinder and used for supporting the printing ceramic workpiece;
the upper surface of the cylinder is connected with the lower surface of the bedplate, and the lower surface of a piston in the cylinder is connected with the connecting rod and used for driving the bedplate;
the upper surface of the connecting rod is connected with the piston, and the lower surface of the connecting rod is connected with the supporting frame through the pin shaft and is used for transmitting the up-and-down motion of the sliding frame to the piston and the bedplate;
the middle part of the pin shaft is connected with the connecting rod, and two ends of the pin shaft are connected with the pin holes of the supporting frame and are used for connecting the connecting rod with the supporting frame;
the supporting frame is fixed on the sliding frame and used for supporting the connecting rod;
the upper part of the sliding frame is connected with the supporting frame, and the side surface of the sliding frame is connected with the second ball screw-nut kinematic pair and used for transmitting the second ball screw-nut kinematic pair to the supporting frame;
the second ball screw-nut kinematic pair is fixed on the side surface of the machine body and used for driving the bedplate;
the output shaft of the stepping motor is connected with the second ball screw-nut kinematic pair and is used for generating the up-and-down motion of the sliding frame;
the outer edge of the telescopic sleeve is matched with the inner hole of the cylinder, and the bottom of the telescopic sleeve is connected with the piston of the cylinder and used for isolating the inner hole of the cylinder, the piston and the ceramic slurry;
the slurry box recovery box is arranged on the platform and used for storing and recovering redundant ceramic slurry in printing.
According to an embodiment of the ceramic 3D printer of the present invention, the body is formed by combining a profile and a steel plate.
According to an embodiment of the ceramic 3D printer, the feeding system delivers the ceramic slurry by air pressure, the vibrator rapidly elastically deforms the diaphragm, and the ceramic slurry in the material box below the diaphragm is forced to be uniformly sprayed onto the platen through the outlet of the gap, so that the ceramic slurry is accurately fed in a timed and quantitative manner.
According to an embodiment of the ceramic 3D printer, the layer paving and leveling system drives the scraper with the small stepping motor, adjusts an inclination angle of the scraper relative to the platen, optimizes a paving and leveling state of the ceramic slurry, avoids waves and pits on the surface of the ceramic slurry, and realizes paving and leveling of a thin layer of the ceramic slurry.
According to an embodiment of the ceramic 3D printer, the ceramic slurry is in the telescopic sleeve and is not in contact with the cylinder, so that hard ceramic particles in the ceramic slurry are prevented from contacting the piston of the cylinder, and the piston is prevented from moving to be obstructed and being locked.
According to one embodiment of the ceramic 3D printer of the present invention, the printer prints high performance ceramics.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the invention adopts an upper irradiation type laser beam to pass through an X-Y scanning galvanometer, ceramic slurry with high solid phase ratio formed by mixing ceramic powder and photosensitive resin is solidified on a bedplate, the slurry is fed by a specially designed diaphragm vibration mechanism, an extremely thin material layer is generated by the movement of a scraper with a variable inclination angle, and a follow-up telescopic sleeve is used for preventing a piston cylinder bearing a ceramic workpiece from moving and being blocked.
Drawings
Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a prior art ceramic 3D printer.
Fig. 2 shows a schematic of a printhead of a prior art ceramic 3D printer.
Fig. 3 shows a schematic diagram of a prior art powder sintering (SLS) type ceramic 3D printer.
Figure 4 shows a schematic of a prior CeraFab ceramic 3D printer.
Figure 5 shows a schematic of a prior Ceramaker ceramic 3D printer.
Fig. 6 shows a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the ceramic 3D printer of the present invention.
FIG. 7 shows a schematic diagram of a laser scanning system in an embodiment of a ceramic 3D printer of the present invention.
FIG. 8 shows a schematic of a feed system in an embodiment of a ceramic 3D printer of the present invention.
FIG. 9 shows a schematic diagram of a layer layup and strike-off system in an embodiment of the ceramic 3D printer of the present invention.
Fig. 10 and 11 show schematic views of a liftable table in an embodiment of a ceramic 3D printer of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The above features and advantages of the present disclosure will be better understood upon reading the detailed description of embodiments of the disclosure in conjunction with the following drawings. In the drawings, components are not necessarily drawn to scale, and components having similar relative characteristics or features may have the same or similar reference numerals.
Fig. 6 shows a schematic composition diagram of an embodiment of the ceramic 3D printer of the present invention. Referring to fig. 6, the ceramic 3D printer of the present embodiment mainly includes: laser scanning system 100, feeding system 200, bed laying and leveling system 300, elevating table 400, body 500 and control system (not shown). The ceramic 3D printer provided by the invention prints high-performance ceramic. The laser scanning system 100 cures the photosensitive ceramic slurry with a laser beam. The feed system 200 supplies ceramic slurry to the platen. The layer lay-up and screed system 300 forms a uniform thin layer of ceramic slurry on the platen. The liftable table 400 bears the workpiece formed by printing, and the vertical movement of the workpiece in the printing process is realized. The body 500 carries all the systems and mechanisms of the printer, and is generally made of a combination of profiles and steel plates. The control system is a computer numerical control system and controls various actions of the printer.
Referring to fig. 7, the laser scanning system 100 includes a laser 10, a cooler (not shown), an X-Y scanning galvanometer 11, a focusing lens 12, and an adjustable support base 13. The laser 10 is fixed to an adjustable support 13 and generates a laser beam that solidifies the ceramic slurry. A cooler is placed behind the printer for cooling the laser 10. The X-Y scanning galvanometer 11 is disposed on an external optical path in front of the laser 10 and configured to perform a scanning motion of a laser beam emitted by the laser 10 in a horizontal X-Y direction according to an instruction of a control system. The focusing lens 12 is disposed below the X-Y scanning galvanometer 11 and is used for focusing the light beam reflected by the X-Y scanning galvanometer 11. An adjustable support base 13 is fixed to the body below the laser 10 for supporting the laser 10 and adjusting the position of the laser 10 in the vertical and horizontal directions.
In the specific operation of the laser scanning system 100, the laser 10 emits a laser beam which is projected onto the X-Y scanning galvanometer 11, and the beam is subjected to a scanning motion in the horizontal X-Y direction according to the instructions of the control system, and then a small spot is formed by the focusing lens 12 and irradiated onto the ceramic slurry (not shown) of the lower platen 49 (see fig. 11) to be cured into a layer of the cross-sectional pattern of the workpiece. The cooler cools the laser 10.
Referring to fig. 8, the charging system 200 includes a cartridge 21, a cartridge 24, a vibrator 26, a support 27, and a conduit. The cartridge 21 is fixed to the right part of the support 27, the inlet above the cartridge is connected to a pneumatic control system (the pneumatic control system is part of the control system), and the outlet below the cartridge is connected to the inlet of the magazine 24 through a conduit for storing and transporting the ceramic slurry. The cartridge 24 is fixed in the middle of the support 27, the inlet of the cartridge 24 is connected with the outlet of the cartridge 21 through a conduit, the diaphragm 23 at the upper part of the cartridge 24 is positioned below the vibrator 26, and the gap at the lower part of the cartridge 24 is aligned with the platen 49 for supplying the required ceramic slurry on the platen 49. The vibrator 26 is fixed on a supporting seat 27 above the material box 24, the circuit of the vibrator 26 is connected with a control system, and the vibrator 25 below the vibrator 26 is positioned above the diaphragm of the material box 24 and used for striking the diaphragm 23 so as to enable the ceramic slurry in the material box 24 to be sprayed onto a table 49. The support 27 is fixed to the support plate 42 of the layer-laying and leveling system 300 for mounting the cartridge 21, the magazine 24 and the vibrator 26. The conduit is used to connect the cartridge 21 with the cartridge 24.
During operation of the loading system 200, the loading system 200 utilizes air pressure to transport the ceramic slurry. A ceramic slurry (not shown) is stored in the cartridge 21 and a pneumatic control system (not shown) applies pressure through an upper inlet of the cartridge 21 to drive the slurry in the cartridge 21 from a lower outlet thereof through the conduit 22 and an inlet of the cartridge 24 into the cartridge 24. According to the instructions of the control system, the vibrator 25 of the vibrator 26 strikes the diaphragm 23 to generate rapid elastic deformation, so that slurry in the material box 24 below the diaphragm 23 is forced to be uniformly sprayed onto a platen 49 (see fig. 11) through a small gap (not shown) at the bottom of the material box 24, and the ceramic slurry is fed regularly and quantitatively.
Referring to fig. 9, the material layer laying and leveling system 300 includes a scraper 36, a rotating shaft 37, a large stepping motor 30, a small stepping motor 34, a tool post 35, a screw fine-adjuster 33, a flat plate, a support block 40, a support plate 27, and a ball screw-nut kinematic pair 31. The scraper 36 is located above the platen 49 and is connected to the output shaft of the small stepping motor 34 through a rotating shaft 37 for spreading and scraping the ceramic slurry sprayed on the platen 49. The middle part of the rotating shaft 37 is fixed with the scraper 36, and the outer extending end of the rotating shaft 37 is connected with the output shaft of the small stepping motor 34 for transmitting the rotation of the small stepping motor 34 to the scraper 36. The base of a small stepper motor 34 is connected to the tool post 35 for rotating the doctor blade 36 to a desired angle relative to the surface of the platen 49. The bottom of the blade holder 35 is fixed to the support plate 27 of the layer-laying and leveling system 300 for mounting the doctor blade 36. A screw trimmer 33 is secured above the blade holder 35 for adjusting the height of the doctor blade 36 relative to the platen 49. The platform is secured to the fuselage for carrying a layer of material laying and screed 300. The support block 40 is connected with the ball screw-nut kinematic pair 31, and is used for transmitting the motion of the ball screw-nut kinematic pair 31 to the material layer laying and leveling system 300. The support plate 27 is located above the support block for connection between the support block 40 and the tool holder 35. A ball screw-nut kinematic pair 31 is located above the flat plate for converting the rotation of the large-step motor 30 into reciprocating translation.
During the operation of the material layer laying and leveling system 300, the scraper 36 can be driven by the small stepping motor 34 through the rotating shaft 37, so as to adjust the inclination angle of the scraper 36 relative to the platen 49 (see fig. 11), so that the leveling effect of the slurry thin layer can be optimized according to the viscosity of the ceramic slurry, the surface of the ceramic slurry is prevented from being wavy and pitted, and the laying and leveling of the ceramic slurry thin layer is realized. By turning the screw on the screw trimmer 33, the height of the blade 36 relative to the platen 49 can be adjusted, thereby adjusting the thickness of the layer of slurry being scraped. Under the drive of the large-step motor 30, the ball screw-nut kinematic pair 31, the support block 40, the tool rest 35 and the support plate 27 which are connected with the large-step motor can make the feeding system 200 and the material layer laying and leveling system 300 reciprocate along the Y direction, so that the feeding, material layer laying and leveling actions are realized.
Referring to fig. 10 and 11, the elevating table 400 includes a table plate 49, a cylinder 58, a link 52, a pin 53, a support frame 54, a sliding frame 55, a ball screw-nut kinematic pair 56, a stepping motor 57, a telescopic sleeve 50, and a slurry box recovery box 51. Platen 49 is secured over the piston of cylinder 58 for supporting a printed ceramic workpiece. The upper surface of the cylinder 58 is connected to the lower surface of the platen 49, and the lower surface of the piston in the cylinder 58 is connected to the connecting rod 52 for driving the platen 49. The upper side of the connecting rod 52 is connected to the piston, and the lower side of the connecting rod 52 is connected to a support frame 54 via a pin 53 for transmitting the up-and-down movement of the carriage 55 to the piston and the platen 49. The middle of the pin 53 is connected to the connecting rod 52, and both ends of the pin 53 are connected to the pin holes of the supporting bracket 54 for connecting the connecting rod 52 to the supporting bracket 54. The support bracket 54 is fixed to the carriage 55 and supports the link 52. The upper portion of the carriage 55 is connected to the support frame 54, and the side of the carriage 55 is connected to a ball screw-nut kinematic pair 56 for transmitting the ball screw-nut kinematic pair 56 to the support frame 54. A ball screw-nut kinematic pair 56 is fixed to the side of the body for driving the platen 49. A stepping motor 57 is fixed to the body, and an output shaft of the stepping motor 57 is connected to a ball screw-nut kinematic pair 56 for generating up-and-down motion of the carriage 5. Referring to fig. 11, the outer edge of the telescopic sleeve 50 is matched with the inner hole of the cylinder 58, and the bottom of the telescopic sleeve 50 is connected with the piston of the cylinder 58 for isolating the inner hole of the cylinder 58, the piston and the ceramic slurry. A cartridge recovery box 51 is mounted on the platform 32 (see fig. 10) and has a bottom outlet (not shown) connected to a recovery pump (not shown) for storing and recovering excess ceramic slurry from printing.
During the operation of the liftable table 400, the stepping motor 57 drives the platen 49 to reciprocate in the Z direction via the ball screw-nut kinematic pair 56, the carriage 55, the support frame 54, the pin shaft 53, the connecting rod 52, and a piston (not shown) in the cylinder 58. The ceramic slurry is in the telescopic sleeve 50 and is not in contact with the cylinder 58, so that hard ceramic particles in the ceramic slurry are prevented from contacting the piston of the cylinder, and the piston is prevented from moving to be obstructed and blocked.
After the structure of the embodiment of the invention is adopted, the high-performance ceramic part can be printed and formed according to the CAD model of the workpiece.
The previous description of the disclosure is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the spirit or scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not intended to be limited to the examples and designs described herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (9)
1. A ceramic 3D printer, comprising:
a laser scanning system for curing the photosensitive ceramic slurry with a laser beam;
a feeding system for supplying ceramic slurry to the platen;
a material layer laying and strickling system is used for forming a uniform thin layer on the bedplate by the ceramic slurry;
the lifting workbench bears the printed workpiece and realizes the vertical movement of the workpiece in the printing process;
the printer comprises a body, a printer body and a control unit, wherein the body is used for bearing all systems and mechanisms of the printer;
a control system that controls various actions of the printer;
the feeding system comprises a charging barrel, a material box, a vibrator, a supporting seat and a guide pipe, wherein a diaphragm on the upper portion of the material box is located below the vibrator, a gap on the lower portion of the material box is aligned with the bedplate, the ceramic slurry is conveyed by the feeding system through air pressure, the diaphragm is rapidly and elastically deformed through the vibrator, the ceramic slurry in the material box below the diaphragm is forced to be uniformly sprayed onto the bedplate through an outlet of the gap, and therefore the ceramic slurry is accurately fed in a timed and quantitative mode.
2. The ceramic 3D printer of claim 1, wherein the laser scanning system comprises a laser, a cooler, an X-Y scanning galvanometer, a focusing lens, and an adjustable support, wherein:
the laser is fixed on the adjustable supporting seat and generates a laser beam for solidifying the ceramic slurry;
the cooler is arranged behind the printer and used for cooling the laser;
the X-Y scanning galvanometer is arranged on an external light path in front of the laser and used for enabling a laser beam emitted by the laser to perform scanning movement in the horizontal X-Y direction according to an instruction of the control system;
the focusing lens is arranged below the X-Y scanning galvanometer and used for focusing the light beams reflected by the X-Y scanning galvanometer;
the adjustable supporting seat is fixed on the machine body below the laser and used for supporting the laser and adjusting the position of the laser in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction.
3. The ceramic 3D printer of claim 1, wherein in the feed system:
the charging barrel is fixed at the right part of the supporting seat, an inlet above the charging barrel is connected with a pneumatic control system, and an outlet below the charging barrel is connected with an inlet of the material box through the conduit and used for storing and conveying ceramic slurry;
the material box is fixed in the middle of the support seat, and an inlet of the material box is connected with an outlet of the material cylinder through the conduit and is used for supplying ceramic slurry required by the platen;
the vibrator is fixed on the supporting seat above the material box, a circuit of the vibrator is connected with the control system, and a vibrator below the vibrator is positioned above a diaphragm of the material box and used for striking the diaphragm to enable ceramic slurry in the material box to be sprayed onto the bedplate;
the supporting seat is fixed on a supporting plate of the material layer laying and leveling system and used for mounting the material cylinder, the material box and the vibrator;
the conduit is used for connecting the material barrel and the material box.
4. The ceramic 3D printer of claim 1, wherein the layer laying and leveling system comprises a doctor blade, a rotating shaft, a large and a small stepper motor, a knife holder, a screw trimmer, a flat plate, a support block, a support plate, and a first ball screw-nut kinematic pair, wherein:
the scraper is positioned above the bedplate, is connected with an output shaft of the small stepping motor through the rotating shaft and is used for spreading and scraping the ceramic slurry sprayed on the bedplate;
the middle part of the rotating shaft is fixed with the scraper, and the extending end of the rotating shaft is connected with the output shaft of the small stepping motor and used for transmitting the rotation of the small stepping motor to the scraper;
the base of the small stepping motor is connected with the tool rest and is used for rotating the scraper to enable the scraper to have a required inclination angle relative to the surface of the bedplate;
the bottom of the knife rest is fixed on the support plate of the material layer laying and leveling system and is used for installing the scraper;
the spiral fine adjuster is fixed above the tool rest and used for adjusting the height of the scraper relative to the bedplate;
the flat plate is fixed on the machine body and used for bearing the material layer laying and leveling system;
the support block is connected with the first ball screw-nut kinematic pair and used for transmitting the motion of the ball screw-nut kinematic pair to the material layer laying and leveling system;
the support plate is positioned above the support block and used for connecting the support block with the tool rest;
and the first ball screw-nut kinematic pair is positioned on the flat plate and used for converting the rotation of the large-step motor into reciprocating translation.
5. The ceramic 3D printer of claim 1, wherein the liftable table comprises a platen, a cylinder, a connecting rod, a pin, a support frame, a carriage, a second ball screw-nut kinematic pair, a stepper motor, a telescoping sleeve, and a slurry cartridge recovery box, wherein:
the bedplate is fixed above the piston of the cylinder and used for supporting the printing ceramic workpiece;
the upper surface of the cylinder is connected with the lower surface of the bedplate, and the lower surface of a piston in the cylinder is connected with the connecting rod and used for driving the bedplate;
the upper surface of the connecting rod is connected with the piston, and the lower surface of the connecting rod is connected with the supporting frame through the pin shaft and is used for transmitting the up-and-down motion of the sliding frame to the piston and the bedplate;
the middle part of the pin shaft is connected with the connecting rod, and two ends of the pin shaft are connected with the pin holes of the supporting frame and are used for connecting the connecting rod with the supporting frame;
the supporting frame is fixed on the sliding frame and used for supporting the connecting rod;
the upper part of the sliding frame is connected with the supporting frame, and the side surface of the sliding frame is connected with the second ball screw-nut kinematic pair and used for transmitting the second ball screw-nut kinematic pair to the supporting frame;
the second ball screw-nut kinematic pair is fixed on the side surface of the machine body and used for driving the bedplate;
the output shaft of the stepping motor is connected with the second ball screw-nut kinematic pair and is used for generating the up-and-down motion of the sliding frame;
the outer edge of the telescopic sleeve is matched with the inner hole of the cylinder, and the bottom of the telescopic sleeve is connected with the piston of the cylinder and used for isolating the inner hole of the cylinder, the piston and the ceramic slurry;
the slurry box recovery box is arranged on the platform and used for storing and recovering redundant ceramic slurry in printing.
6. The ceramic 3D printer of claim 1, wherein the body is formed from a combination of a profile and a steel plate.
7. The ceramic 3D printer according to claim 4, wherein the layer laying and leveling system drives the scraper with the small stepping motor, adjusts the inclination angle of the scraper relative to the platen, optimizes the laying and leveling state of the ceramic slurry, avoids the occurrence of waves and pits on the surface of the ceramic slurry, and realizes the laying and leveling of the ceramic slurry thin layer.
8. The ceramic 3D printer of claim 5, wherein the ceramic slurry is in the telescopic sleeve and is not in contact with the cylinder, so that hard ceramic particles in the ceramic slurry are prevented from contacting the piston of the cylinder, and the piston is prevented from moving to be obstructed and being jammed.
9. The ceramic 3D printer of any of claims 1 to 8, wherein the printer prints high performance ceramics.
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| CN201710353633.4A CN108943323B (en) | 2017-05-18 | 2017-05-18 | Ceramic 3D printer |
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| CN109702195A (en) * | 2019-01-20 | 2019-05-03 | 武汉因泰莱激光科技有限公司 | Metal rapid molding device and its forming method |
| CN109624304A (en) * | 2019-02-26 | 2019-04-16 | 西华大学 | A kind of composite material 3D printer |
| CN110027210A (en) * | 2019-05-29 | 2019-07-19 | 吴振行 | Multiple material sunk type photocuring Method of printing |
| CN111070374B (en) * | 2019-11-29 | 2021-05-14 | 华南理工大学 | Automatic slurry laminated feeding device with variable area range and control method |
| CN110774408A (en) * | 2019-12-02 | 2020-02-11 | 昆山市工研院智能制造技术有限公司 | Ceramic 3D printer |
| CN111890677A (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2020-11-06 | 江苏乾度智造高科技有限公司 | Be applied to adjustable cantilever type scraper of 3D printer |
| CN113442258B (en) * | 2021-01-25 | 2022-08-02 | 山东大学 | 3D printer and method for digitally manufacturing composite ceramic functional gradient material |
| CN114290476B (en) * | 2021-12-23 | 2024-01-19 | 集美大学 | Paste ceramic 3D printing method for curved thin-wall part |
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| CN101850326A (en) * | 2009-03-31 | 2010-10-06 | 研能科技股份有限公司 | Device for quantitatively supplying powder and spreading powder in sections |
| CN203567189U (en) * | 2013-08-01 | 2014-04-30 | 甘春丽 | 3D (three-dimensional) printer |
| CN203622599U (en) * | 2013-11-28 | 2014-06-04 | 西安中科麦特电子技术设备有限公司 | 3D (three-dimensional) printer adopting ceramics as raw material |
| DE102015203873A1 (en) * | 2015-03-04 | 2016-09-08 | Airbus Operation GmbH | 3D printing process and powder mixing for 3D printing |
| CN106175950B (en) * | 2016-06-28 | 2018-06-22 | 华南理工大学 | A kind of digitlization face projects shaped ceramic corona bridge preparation method |
| CN106346779A (en) * | 2016-11-23 | 2017-01-25 | 佛山科易自动化科技有限公司 | Laser sintering 3D (three-dimensional) printer |
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