CN108941243B - Method for manufacturing iron-based/nickel titanium-based shape memory alloy composite pipe - Google Patents
Method for manufacturing iron-based/nickel titanium-based shape memory alloy composite pipe Download PDFInfo
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- CN108941243B CN108941243B CN201810668601.8A CN201810668601A CN108941243B CN 108941243 B CN108941243 B CN 108941243B CN 201810668601 A CN201810668601 A CN 201810668601A CN 108941243 B CN108941243 B CN 108941243B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C37/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape
- B21C37/06—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of tubes or metal hoses; Combined procedures for making tubes, e.g. for making multi-wall tubes
- B21C37/15—Making tubes of special shape; Making tube fittings
- B21C37/28—Making tube fittings for connecting pipes, e.g. U-pieces
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for manufacturing an iron-based/nickel titanium-based shape memory alloy composite pipe, which belongs to the technical field of shape memory alloy and plastic processing and comprises the following steps: inserting the nickel titanium base shape memory alloy pipe blank meeting the requirements into the iron base shape memory alloy pipe blank, enabling the nickel titanium base shape memory alloy pipe blank and the iron base shape memory alloy pipe blank to achieve interference fit, using electric arc welding to apply welding spots on the joint of the interfaces at the two ends of the composite pipe blank for fixing, then using an isothermal extrusion forming tool to carry out extrusion forming on the iron base/nickel titanium base shape memory alloy composite pipe, carrying out spinning forming on the iron base/nickel titanium base shape memory alloy composite pipe through a ball spinning forming tool, and finally carrying out optimization modification on the processed composite pipe. The invention realizes the interface combination of the dissimilar shape memory alloy composite tube by a composite forming method combining isothermal extrusion forming and ball spinning forming, obtains the high-quality dissimilar shape memory alloy composite tube, and realizes the accurate forming of the dissimilar shape memory alloy composite tube.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of shape memory alloy and plastic processing, and particularly relates to a manufacturing method of an iron-based/nickel titanium-based shape memory alloy composite pipe.
Background
Shape memory alloys have been widely used in the engineering field as a functional material with shape memory effect. Currently, iron-based shape memory alloys and nickel titanium-based shape memory alloys are two types of shape memory alloys that are well developed. The most successful example of the application of shape memory alloy engineering is the shape memory alloy pipe joint, which is mainly applied to the pipeline connection of aerospace, petrochemical industry and nuclear industry. The basic principle of the application of the shape memory alloy pipe joint is that a certain amount of diameter expansion deformation is carried out on the shape memory alloy pipe joint in a low-temperature martensite phase, then a connected pipe is inserted into the pipe joint, the shape memory alloy pipe joint is heated to an austenite phase, and the pipe joint contracts and deforms due to the shape memory effect to complete connection. The most mature pipe joint at present is a nickel titanium based shape memory alloy pipe joint, because the nickel titanium based shape memory alloy has high strength, large recoverable strain, large restoring force and high corrosion resistance, compared with threaded connection and welded connection, the nickel titanium based shape memory alloy pipe joint has the advantages of convenient installation, high reliability, no leakage and light weight, and is particularly suitable for the connection of dissimilar pipes.
At present, hydraulic pipelines of airplanes at home and abroad are all connected by adopting nickel titanium based shape memory alloy pipe joints. However, the nickel titanium based shape memory alloy pipe joint has narrow phase change lag and difficult processing and manufacturing, and is generally stored and transported in liquid nitrogen, so the core technology of the forming and manufacturing is still monopolized by western developed countries, and the nickel titanium based shape memory alloy pipe joint adopted by the current domestic aircraft is mainly imported from the western countries and is quite expensive. The iron-based shape memory alloy pipe joint has the advantages of high strength, low cost, good hot-working performance, wide phase change lag and the like, but has smaller recoverable strain and restoring force and low corrosion resistance.
Therefore, aiming at the respective advantages and disadvantages of two pipe joints, the patent provides a new method for manufacturing the dissimilar shape memory alloy composite pipe, namely, the nickel-titanium-based shape memory alloy pipe and the iron-based shape memory alloy pipe are compositely formed, and the composite pipe with the inner layer of the nickel-titanium-based shape memory alloy pipe and the outer layer of the iron-based shape memory alloy pipe is prepared by adopting a composite method of isothermal extrusion forming and ball spinning forming.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a manufacturing method of an iron-based/nickel titanium-based shape memory alloy composite pipe, which realizes the interface combination of a dissimilar shape memory alloy composite pipe by a composite forming method combining isothermal extrusion forming and ball spinning forming, obtains the high-quality dissimilar shape memory alloy composite pipe and realizes the accurate forming of the dissimilar shape memory alloy composite pipe.
The purpose of the invention is realized as follows:
the invention discloses a method for manufacturing an iron-based/nickel titanium-based shape memory alloy composite pipe, which is mainly realized by the following steps:
(1) selecting an iron-based shape memory alloy tube blank and a nickel titanium-based shape memory alloy tube blank according to requirements, cleaning the inner surface and the outer surface of the tube blank, and then inserting the nickel titanium-based shape memory alloy tube blank into the iron-based shape memory alloy tube blank to enable the two to achieve interference fit;
(2) applying welding spots to the interface joints at the two ends of the iron-based/nickel titanium-based shape memory alloy composite tube blank in interference fit by adopting electric arc welding, and preventing the relative movement between the tube blanks from being aggravated in the subsequent extrusion and spinning processes;
(3) fixing the isothermal extrusion forming tool on a press, heating the iron-based/nickel titanium-based shape memory alloy composite pipe blank to 800-900 ℃ in a vacuum furnace, simultaneously heating an extrusion female die in the isothermal extrusion forming tool to 800-900 ℃, then putting the iron-based/nickel titanium-based shape memory alloy composite pipe blank into the extrusion female die, starting the press, and enabling an extrusion male die in the isothermal extrusion forming tool to move downwards to realize the extrusion forming of the iron-based/nickel titanium-based shape memory alloy composite pipe;
(4) fixing a ball spinning forming tool on a spinning machine, processing one end of an extruded iron-based/nickel titanium-based shape memory alloy composite pipe blank into a notch matched with the size of a positioning block on the spinning tool, processing a chamfer matched with the size of the ball at the other end of the extruded iron-based/nickel titanium-based shape memory alloy composite pipe blank so as to be convenient for the ball to bite, and then sleeving the composite pipe blank on an assembled core mould so that the notch of the pipe blank is clamped on the positioning block;
(5) simultaneously heating the tube blank and the tool by using a fire gun, measuring the temperature by using a thermocouple, spinning when the temperature of the tube blank reaches 800-900 ℃, and spinning in a reverse spinning mode, wherein the core mold drives the tube blank to perform axial feed motion, and the mold ring drives the balls to rotate at a high speed;
(6) and removing waste materials at two ends of the spin-formed shape memory alloy pipe joint through machining.
Preferably, the iron-based shape memory alloy tube blank and the nickel titanium-based shape memory alloy tube blank in the step (1) are selected according to actual processing requirements in initial size and components.
Preferably, the material of the extrusion male die and the material of the extrusion female die in the isothermal extrusion forming tool in the step (3) are all hot work die steel H13 steel, and the material of the female die insert is tungsten steel.
Preferably, all the materials of the components of the ball spinning forming tool in the step (4) are hot-work die steel H13 steel.
Preferably, the chamfer angle in step (4) is 1/4t0X 45 deg., where t0The wall thickness of the outer layer pipe blank of the iron-based/nickel titanium-based shape memory alloy composite pipe.
Preferably, the number of spinning passes and the reduction amount of each pass in the step (5) are determined according to the size requirement, the precision requirement and the size of the ball, and the feeding ratio can be selected from 0.8-1.2 mm/r.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the composite tube of the dissimilar shape memory alloy processed by the method provided by the invention has functional gradient, performance gradient, component gradient and structural gradient, integrates the respective advantages of the two shape memory alloys, and makes up the respective defects. When the dissimilar shape memory alloy composite pipe is used as a pipe joint, the inner layer metal belongs to nickel titanium base shape memory alloy and keeps good shape memory effect and corrosion resistance, and the outer layer metal belongs to iron base shape memory alloy and has lower material cost and good processing performance.
When the iron-based/nickel titanium-based shape memory alloy composite pipe is used for pipe joint expanding, loading and deforming, the nickel titanium-based shape memory alloy on the inner layer generates large strain, while the iron-based shape memory alloy on the outer layer generates small strain, so that the shape recovery strain of the shape memory alloy on the inner layer and the shape recovery strain on the outer layer can be fully utilized.
Compared with the shape memory alloy pipe joint with single component, the iron-based/nickel titanium-based shape memory alloy composite pipe joint has obvious advantages in the aspect of cost performance, and can widen the engineering application range of the shape memory alloy pipe joint.
In addition, the connecting and forming of the dissimilar shape memory alloy composite pipe are realized by adopting an accurate plastic forming technology combining isothermal extrusion and ball spinning, namely, the interface metallurgical bonding of the dissimilar shape memory alloy composite pipe is realized by the isothermal extrusion forming technology, and then the extruded dissimilar shape memory alloy composite pipe is accurately manufactured by the ball spinning, so that the net forming and the size accuracy of the composite pipe are favorably ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an iron-based/nickel titanium-based shape memory alloy composite tube according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of isothermal extrusion forming of the Fe-based/Ni-Ti-based shape memory alloy composite tube according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the ball-spinning forming of the Fe-based/Ni-Ti-based shape memory alloy composite tube according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
With reference to fig. 1 to 3, the invention discloses a manufacturing method of an iron-based/nickel titanium-based shape memory alloy composite tube, which realizes the interface combination of dissimilar shape memory alloy composite tubes by a composite forming method combining isothermal extrusion forming and ball spinning forming, obtains high-quality dissimilar shape memory alloy composite tubes and realizes the precise forming of the dissimilar shape memory alloy composite tubes.
The specific implementation technical scheme is as follows:
the first step is as follows: selecting an iron-based shape memory alloy tube blank and a nickel titanium-based shape memory alloy tube blank with certain sizes and components according to requirements, cleaning the inner surface and the outer surface of the tube blank, and then inserting the nickel titanium-based shape memory alloy tube blank 16 into the iron-based shape memory alloy tube blank 17 to enable the two to achieve interference fit.
The second step is that: and applying a plurality of welding spots to the interface joints at the two ends of the iron-based/nickel titanium-based shape memory alloy composite pipe blank in interference fit by adopting electric arc welding to prevent the relative movement between the pipe blanks in the subsequent extrusion and spinning processes.
The third step: fixing the isothermal extrusion forming tool shown in fig. 2 on a press, wherein the extrusion tool comprises: the device comprises a screw 1, an upper die base 2, an upper die base plate 3, an upper die fixing plate 4, an extrusion male die 5, a cushion block 6, a porcelain tube 7, a resistance wire 8, a female die 9, a pin 10, a lower die base 11, a liftout tube 12, a female die base plate 13, a guide pillar 14, a female die insert 15 and a guide sleeve 18.
The fourth step: heating the iron-based/nickel-titanium-based shape memory alloy composite pipe blank to 800-900 ℃ in a vacuum furnace, simultaneously heating an extrusion female die to 800-900 ℃, then putting the iron-based/nickel-titanium-based shape memory alloy composite pipe blank into the extrusion female die, starting a press machine, and enabling an extrusion male die to move downwards to realize the extrusion forming of the iron-based/nickel-titanium-based shape memory alloy composite pipe.
The fifth step: the ball spinning forming tool shown in FIG. 3 is fixed on a spinning machine, and the structure of the spinning tool comprises: screw 1, pin 10, die ring 19, core die 20, ball 21, baffle 22, stripper plate 23.
And a sixth step: one end of the extruded iron-based/nickel titanium-based shape memory alloy composite pipe blank is processed into a notch matched with the size of a positioning block on a spinning tool, and the other end of the extruded iron-based/nickel titanium-based shape memory alloy composite pipe blank is processed into an 1/4t0 multiplied by 45 degrees (t0 is the wall thickness of an outer layer pipe blank) chamfer so as to be convenient for the biting of balls. Then the composite pipe blank is sleeved on the assembled core mould, and the opening of the pipe blank is clamped on the positioning block.
The seventh step: the spinning forming is carried out in a reverse spinning mode, the core die drives the pipe blank to carry out axial feeding movement, and the die ring drives the balls to rotate at a high speed. Before spinning, a fire gun is used for heating the tube blank and the tool simultaneously, a thermocouple is used for measuring the temperature, and spinning forming is carried out when the temperature of the tube blank reaches 800-900 ℃. The number of times of spinning the channels and the thinning amount of each pass are determined according to the size requirement, the precision requirement and the size of the ball, and the feeding ratio can be selected from 0.8-1.2 mm/r.
Eighth step: and removing excess materials. And removing waste materials at two ends of the spin-formed shape memory alloy pipe joint by a mechanical processing method.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A manufacturing method of an iron-based/nickel titanium-based shape memory alloy composite pipe is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting an iron-based shape memory alloy tube blank and a nickel titanium-based shape memory alloy tube blank according to requirements, cleaning the inner surface and the outer surface of the tube blank, and then inserting the nickel titanium-based shape memory alloy tube blank into the iron-based shape memory alloy tube blank to enable the two to achieve interference fit;
(2) applying welding spots to the interface joints at the two ends of the iron-based/nickel titanium-based shape memory alloy composite tube blank in interference fit by adopting electric arc welding, and preventing the relative movement between the tube blanks from being aggravated in the subsequent extrusion and spinning processes;
(3) fixing the isothermal extrusion forming tool on a press, heating the iron-based/nickel titanium-based shape memory alloy composite pipe blank to 800-900 ℃ in a vacuum furnace, simultaneously heating an extrusion female die in the isothermal extrusion forming tool to 800-900 ℃, then putting the iron-based/nickel titanium-based shape memory alloy composite pipe blank into the extrusion female die, starting the press, and enabling an extrusion male die in the isothermal extrusion forming tool to move downwards to realize the extrusion forming of the iron-based/nickel titanium-based shape memory alloy composite pipe;
(4) fixing a ball spinning forming tool on a spinning machine, processing one end of an extruded iron-based/nickel titanium-based shape memory alloy composite pipe blank into a notch matched with the size of a positioning block on the spinning tool, processing a chamfer matched with the size of the ball at the other end of the extruded iron-based/nickel titanium-based shape memory alloy composite pipe blank so as to be convenient for the ball to bite, and then sleeving the composite pipe blank on an assembled core mould so that the notch of the pipe blank is clamped on the positioning block;
(5) simultaneously heating the tube blank and the tool by using a fire gun, measuring the temperature by using a thermocouple, spinning when the temperature of the tube blank reaches 800-900 ℃, and spinning in a reverse spinning mode, wherein the core mold drives the tube blank to perform axial feed motion, and the mold ring drives the balls to rotate at a high speed;
(6) removing waste materials at two ends of the spin-formed shape memory alloy pipe joint through machining;
selecting initial sizes and components of the iron-based shape memory alloy tube blank and the nickel-titanium-based shape memory alloy tube blank in the step (1) according to actual processing requirements;
the materials of the extrusion male die and the extrusion female die in the isothermal extrusion forming tool in the step (3) are all hot-work die steel H13 steel, and the material of the female die insert is tungsten steel;
the materials of the components of the ball spinning forming tool in the step (4) are all hot-work die steel H13 steel;
the chamfer angle in the step (4) is
Wherein t is0The wall thickness of the outer-layer tube blank of the iron-based/nickel titanium-based shape memory alloy composite tube;
in the step (5), the number of spinning passes and the reduction amount of each pass are determined according to the size requirement, the precision requirement and the size of the ball, and the feeding ratio is selected to be 0.8-1.2 mm/r.
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| CN109848665A (en) * | 2019-02-26 | 2019-06-07 | 武汉理工大学 | The preparation method of overlay clad hot-work die |
| CN111151756B (en) * | 2020-01-20 | 2021-12-03 | 广东省科学院新材料研究所 | 4D printing rapid manufacturing method of shape memory alloy pipe joint and product |
| CN113182414A (en) * | 2021-05-10 | 2021-07-30 | 哈尔滨韦玛通信工程有限公司 | Continuous spinning bonding combination equipment for copper-clad steel grounding rod |
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| JPS6343089A (en) * | 1986-08-07 | 1988-02-24 | 川崎炉材株式会社 | Composite pipe of ceramic and metal |
| CN202129327U (en) * | 2011-03-24 | 2012-02-01 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Rolling ball thermal spinning and shaping device for nickel-titanium shape memory alloy thin wall tube |
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