CN108940610B - Oil-dust separator with adjustable speed reduction cavity - Google Patents
Oil-dust separator with adjustable speed reduction cavity Download PDFInfo
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- CN108940610B CN108940610B CN201810717571.5A CN201810717571A CN108940610B CN 108940610 B CN108940610 B CN 108940610B CN 201810717571 A CN201810717571 A CN 201810717571A CN 108940610 B CN108940610 B CN 108940610B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
- B04B—CENTRIFUGES
- B04B1/00—Centrifuges with rotary bowls provided with solid jackets for separating predominantly liquid mixtures with or without solid particles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
- B04B—CENTRIFUGES
- B04B11/00—Feeding, charging, or discharging bowls
- B04B11/04—Periodical feeding or discharging; Control arrangements therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
- B04B—CENTRIFUGES
- B04B7/00—Elements of centrifuges
- B04B7/08—Rotary bowls
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Abstract
The invention discloses an oil-crumb separator with an adjustable speed reduction cavity, which consists of a shell, a hollow cylinder, a rotary pot and a motor. The hollow cylinder is sleeved outside the rotary pot, can slide up and down along a common symmetrical shaft and is locked, and the hollow cylinder and the common symmetrical shaft form a rotating body of the separator and are arranged inside the shell. The motor is arranged below the shell and is connected with the rotating shaft of the rotating pot. The rotating pan and the hollow cylinder form a smooth curved surface so as to avoid the damage of the metal chips moving at high speed to the inner wall of the hollow cylinder. The upper end of the hollow cylinder is provided with oil outlets which are uniformly distributed, and a cylindrical cavity below the oil outlets and above the rotary pot is called a speed reducing cavity. The invention has the beneficial effects that: 1. the length of the speed reducing cavity can be adjusted, so that the speed reducing cavity is suitable for treating oil scraps of various materials and sizes; 2. the oil outlet penetrates through the cylinder along the tangential direction of the inner side of the cylinder, and the direction is consistent with the free movement direction of the separated oil drops, so that the separated oil drops can smoothly leave the oil-dust separator; 3. the rotating pan and the hollow cylinder form a smooth curved surface, so that the damage of metal chips moving at high speed to the inner wall of the hollow cylinder is avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an oil-crumb separator with an adjustable speed reducing cavity
Background
Machine tools are an important device indispensable to the machining industry. In order to cool the tool and the part to be machined during machining of the part by using the machine tool, so as to prolong the service life of the tool, improve the cutting efficiency and the surface finish of the part, cooling oil is generally required to be filled while working, and thus, the cooling oil is mixed with metal chips generated in the machining process. The metal chips and the cooling oil can be recycled, however, the cooling oil circulation system is easy to break down when the metal chips are mixed into the cooling oil, and on the other hand, because the metal chips are recycled and need to be smelted again to be made into castings, the metal chips with high oil content generate a large amount of smoke in the smelting process, so that the health of operators is affected, and serious environmental pollution is caused; in addition, the high oil content of the metal chips can greatly affect the chemical composition of the casting, and the mechanical property of the casting is reduced. Therefore, the separation of the metal chips and the cooling oil is related to both energy saving and environmental protection.
At present, various oil-dust separators basically adopt a centrifugal force separation method, so that the stress direction of metal dust with oil when reaching an oil discharge port is required to be as close as possible to the direction of the centrifugal force applied to the metal dust, but the stress direction of the metal dust with oil cannot be completely consistent with the direction of the centrifugal force, otherwise, the metal dust after deoiling cannot be discharged. Therefore, the shape of the inner side of the rotating body of the oil-dust separator is of great importance. Considering the difference of the material, shape, size and density of the metal scraps and factors such as cooling oil, the shape of the inner side of the rotating body of the separator is difficult to determine by calculation; the method of repeating the test by changing the shape constantly is troublesome, but always finds a satisfactory shape for the inside of the rotating body through the trial and error with respect to the determined metal chips and the cooling oil, regardless of the cost of the test. However, the shape of the inner side of the rotating body thus obtained is only suitable for specific metal chips and cooling oil, and is not guaranteed to be suitable for various metal chips and cooling oil.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model discloses an oil bits separating centrifuge with adjustable speed reduction chamber in order to design an oil bits separating centrifuge that is applicable to various metal fillings and cooling oil under the condition of not carrying out the repetition test. The oil-dust separator with adjustable speed-reducing cavity consists of casing, hollow cylinder, rotary pot and motor. The hollow cylinder is sleeved outside the rotary pot, can slide up and down along a common symmetrical shaft and is locked, and the hollow cylinder and the common symmetrical shaft form a rotating body of the separator and are arranged inside the shell. The motor is arranged below the shell and is connected with the rotating shaft of the rotating pot. The rotating pan and the hollow cylinder form a smooth curved surface so as to avoid the damage of the metal chips moving at high speed to the inner wall of the hollow cylinder. The upper end of the hollow cylinder is provided with oil outlets which are uniformly distributed, and a cylindrical cavity below the oil outlets and above the rotary pot is called a speed reducing cavity.
The oil outlet passes through the cylinder along the tangential direction of the inner side of the cylinder.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the length of the speed reducing cavity can be adjusted, so that the speed reducing cavity is suitable for treating oil scraps of various materials and sizes;
2. the oil outlet penetrates through the cylinder along the tangential direction of the inner side of the cylinder, and the direction is consistent with the free movement direction of the separated oil drops, so that the separated oil drops can smoothly leave the oil-dust separator;
3. the rotating pan and the hollow cylinder form a smooth curved surface, so that the damage of metal chips moving at high speed to the inner wall of the hollow cylinder is avoided.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the working principle of an oil-crumb separator with an adjustable speed reduction cavity, fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of oil crumb stress in a rotary pot, and fig. 3 is a simulation track diagram of oil drops.
Description of the reference symbols
1 hollow cylinder, 2 rotary pots, 3 motors, 4 oil outlets, and 5 chip discharge/inlet ports.
Detailed Description
1. Structure of oil-dust separator with adjustable speed reduction cavity
As shown in figure 1, the oil-dust separator with the adjustable speed-reducing cavity consists of a shell, a hollow cylinder (1), a rotary pot (2) and a motor (3). The hollow cylinder (1) is sleeved outside the rotary pot (2) and can slide up and down along a common symmetrical axis and be locked, and the hollow cylinder and the common symmetrical axis form a rotary body of the separator and are arranged inside the shell. The motor (3) is arranged below the shell, and the motor (3) is connected with the rotating shaft of the rotating pan (2). The rotating pan (2) and the hollow cylinder (1) form a smooth curved surface so as to avoid the damage of metal chips moving at high speed to the inner wall of the hollow cylinder (1). The upper end of the hollow cylinder (1) is provided with oil outlets (4) which are uniformly distributed, and a cylindrical cavity below the oil outlets (4) and above the rotary pot (2) is called a speed reduction cavity.
2. Analysis of movement of oil particles in a rotating body
In practical use, the oil-carrying metal chips are continuously fed into the chip discharging/feeding port (5), and the oil-chip separator can achieve the ideal separation effect in the situation that the oil-chip separator can achieve the ideal separation effect on a single piece of oil-carrying metal chips. Therefore, the analysis of the movement of the oil swarf in the rotor is not performed for a single piece of oil-laden metal swarf. As shown in fig. 2, the centrifugal force F applied to the oil-carrying metal chips in the rotating pan (2) can be decomposed into a component force F upward along the tangential direction of the generatrix of the inner curved surface of the rotating pan (2)1And positive pressure F of the chips on the rotating pan (2)2The chip is further subjected to inertial force, gravity and friction force, wherein the inertial force is the integral of the force on the chip on the path from the position contacting the rotating pan (2) to the current position. When the chips reach the edge of the rotating pot (2), the force for keeping the chips moving is vertical upwards because the rotating pot (2) and the hollow cylinder (1) form a smooth curved surface. M denotes the mass of the chip, v0Represents the vertical upward speed of the chips when the chips reach the edge of the rotating pan (2), x (t) represents the rising height of the chips after the running time t in the speed reducing cavity, omega represents the rotating speed of the rotating body of the separator, r represents the radius of the inner side of the speed reducing cavity, mu represents the friction factor between the chips and the inner side of the speed reducing cavity, and the positive pressure, i.e. the centrifugal force, applied to the chips is mr omega2Is then provided with
Namely, it is
Order to
To obtain
Obtaining the result of solution
Wherein c is1Is a undetermined constant. Using y (0) to v0To obtain
Namely, it is
Thus, it is possible to provide
Integral of both ends
Wherein c is2Is a undetermined constant. Using x (0) to be 0
Namely, it is
Thus, it is possible to provide
Due to the fact that
With a single zero point
Thus by a displacement function
The maximum chip rise height is
It can be seen that the chips rise to t0The moment displacement reaches a maximum value xmaxThe velocity is zero, at which time the chips no longer rise, but do not fall unless they are subjected to a force of gravity greater than the static friction force.
3. Influence of separator parameters on chip motion
Although some of the above-mentioned parameters of the oil-chip separator are not easily determined, qualitative descriptions of how these parameters affect the movement of chips in the speed reduction chamber can be obtained by using related functional expressions, and the descriptions have important guidance on the design of the separator and the adjustment of the length of the speed reduction chamber.
First, it can be seen from the equation (4) that the maximum rising height of the chips is independent of the mass of the chips under a certain material or friction factor, i.e. the maximum rising heights of the chips with different masses are equal. This ensures that, by selecting the appropriate length of the reduction chamber, chips of the same material can be ejected from the exhaust/inlet port (5) of the separator. As can be seen from the formulas (1) and (2), the chips made of the same material have the same ascending rule and the same speed change rule, so the deoiling degree is balanced.
The maximum chip rising height is influenced by the rotating speed omega of the rotating body of the separator, the radius r at the inner side of the speed reducing cavity and the friction factor mu between the chips and the inner side of the speed reducing cavity. OmegaAn increase in r or μ will cause x tomaxAnd decreases. To ensure that the chips are discharged smoothly, the length of the deceleration chamber must be less than the maximum chip rise height, so for separators of different parameters, increasing ω, r or μmeans a decrease in the length of the deceleration chamber. It can also be seen that the length of the deceleration cavity of chips made of different materials is selected to have different sizes, which fully embodies the advantage of adjustable length of the deceleration cavity.
In the formula (3), Z is ═ mu r omega2Then, then
Using inequalities
To know
Thus, it is possible to provide
Is a single decreasing function of Z, i.e. t0Is product of μ r ω2A single decreasing function of. So when the product μ r ω is2As this increases, the time it takes for the chips to reach the maximum rise height decreases. Particularly, when the mu is increased, the time for the chips to reach the maximum rising height is reduced, the chips made of different materials are also shown, the length of the deceleration cavity is selected to be different in size, and the advantage of adjustable length of the deceleration cavity is reflected.
When omega, r and mu are constant, the chips have a vertical upward velocity v at the edge of the rotating pan (2)0Only in relation to the shape of the rotating pan (2). V is shown by the formulas (3) and (4)0The larger the chip rise time and the maximum rise height. Therefore, it is unnecessaryThe shape of the rotary pot (2) is designed deliberately, and the ideal oil-dust separation effect can be achieved by adjusting the length of the speed reduction cavity.
4. Design and adjustment of speed reduction chamber
According to the previous analysis, the law of motion of the chips in the deceleration chamber, as well as the maximum rise height and rise time, are independent of their mass, so that the previous analysis of the chips applies equally to the flow of chips. In order to discharge the metal chips smoothly, the distance from the chip discharging/feeding port (5) to the edge of the rotating pan (2) is preferably equal to the maximum rising height of the chips, and the numerical value of the chip is easily obtained through experiments although the numerical value cannot be calculated. In order to facilitate the adjustment of the length of the speed reduction cavity, the maximum rising height of various possible metal chips is fully considered when designing the hollow cylinder (1), and the largest one is selected as the length of the hollow cylinder (1).
Under the condition that the distance from the chip discharging/feeding port (5) to the edge of the rotary pot (2) is adjusted to be equal to the maximum rising height of chips, the farther the distance from the chip discharging/feeding port (4) to the chip discharging/feeding port (5) is, the higher the vertical upward speed of the chips is, the poorer the oil removing effect of the oil discharging port (4) is, and therefore, the distance from the upper edge of the chip discharging/feeding port (4) to the chip discharging/feeding port (5) is reduced as far as possible.
In addition, in order to discharge the separated oil drops smoothly after entering the oil outlet (4), the shape of the oil outlet (4) must be consistent with the motion trail of the oil drops. According to the above design, the speed of the chips rising when they reach the outlet (4) is already close to zero, and the action of gravity, the movement in the vertical direction is negligible, only the movement in the horizontal direction needs to be considered.
The centrifugal force when the oil scraps reach the oil outlet (4) is mr omega2So that the centrifugal acceleration of the separated oil droplets is r ω2Centrifugal velocity r omega2t, the centrifugal distance is t seconds when the oil enters the oil outlet (4)
And the angle of the hollow cylinder (1) is omegat.
The motion trail of the separated oil drops is only related to the rotating speed omega of the motor (3) of the separator and the radius r of the hollow cylinder (1). The shape of the oil outlet (4) can be designed accordingly after the rotational speed of the motor (3) and the radius of the hollow cylinder (1) have been determined.
And taking the oil drop separation point as a plane as a polar plane, taking the intersection point of the plane and the axis as the pole, taking the connection line of the pole and the oil drop separation point as the pole axis, and establishing a rotary polar coordinate system for describing the motion trail of the oil drops. Assuming that the rotation speed of the motor (3) is 30 revolutions per second, r is 30(cm), the thickness of the hollow cylinder (1) is 3(cm), and the motion track of the oil drop in the rotating polar coordinate system is shown in fig. 3.
When oil drops move 3cm in the radial direction, the angle of the hollow cylinder (1) is 25.7831 degrees. As can be seen from fig. 3, the trajectory of the oil droplets from the inlet outlet (4) to the outlet (4) is substantially a straight line tangent to the inside of the hollow cylinder (1), so that the outlet (4) can be designed in the tangential direction of the inside of the hollow cylinder (1).
For any constant ω, due to polar curve
Curve of polar coordinates
The same curve is shown, and the shape of the curve is only related to the radius r of the hollow cylinder (1), while the wall thickness of the cylinder is usually not more than a few centimeters, so that the change of omega does not influence the shape of the oil outlet (4).
Although the radius r of the hollow cylinder (1) may influence the shape of the curve, the value of r is usually not too large, for example not more than 100 cm, in which case the outlet (4) may still be designed tangentially to the inside of the hollow cylinder (1).
Claims (2)
1. The utility model provides an oil bits separating centrifuge with adjustable speed reduction chamber which characterized in that: comprises a shell, a hollow cylinder (1), a rotary pot (2) and a motor (3); the hollow cylinder (1) is sleeved outside the rotary pot (2) and can slide up and down along a common symmetrical shaft and be locked, and the hollow cylinder (1) and the rotary pot (2) form a rotary body of the separator and are arranged in the shell; the motor (3) is arranged below the shell, and the motor (3) is connected with a rotating shaft of the rotating pot (2); the rotating pan (2) and the hollow cylinder (1) form a smooth curved surface so as to avoid damage of metal chips moving at high speed to the inner wall of the hollow cylinder (1); the upper end of the hollow cylinder (1) is provided with oil outlets (4) which are uniformly distributed, and a cylindrical cavity below the oil outlets (4) and above the rotary pot (2) is called a speed reduction cavity.
2. The oil-debris separator with the adjustable speed-reducing cavity as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the oil outlet (4) penetrates through the hollow cylinder (1) along the tangential direction of the inner side of the hollow cylinder (1).
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| CN201810717571.5A CN108940610B (en) | 2018-07-03 | 2018-07-03 | Oil-dust separator with adjustable speed reduction cavity |
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| CN201810717571.5A CN108940610B (en) | 2018-07-03 | 2018-07-03 | Oil-dust separator with adjustable speed reduction cavity |
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| CN108940610B true CN108940610B (en) | 2020-04-28 |
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| CN108940610A (en) | 2018-12-07 |
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Denomination of invention: Adjustable oil chip separator with deceleration chamber Effective date of registration: 20211122 Granted publication date: 20200428 Pledgee: Shandong Nanshan Science and Technology Research Institute Co.,Ltd. Pledgor: Yantai Nanshan University Registration number: Y2021980012898 |
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