CN108939615B - Compact vertical separation device based on separation outer cylinder improvement method - Google Patents
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- CN108939615B CN108939615B CN201810796927.9A CN201810796927A CN108939615B CN 108939615 B CN108939615 B CN 108939615B CN 201810796927 A CN201810796927 A CN 201810796927A CN 108939615 B CN108939615 B CN 108939615B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D17/00—Separation of liquids, not provided for elsewhere, e.g. by thermal diffusion
- B01D17/02—Separation of non-miscible liquids
- B01D17/04—Breaking emulsions
- B01D17/048—Breaking emulsions by changing the state of aggregation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D17/00—Separation of liquids, not provided for elsewhere, e.g. by thermal diffusion
- B01D17/02—Separation of non-miscible liquids
- B01D17/0208—Separation of non-miscible liquids by sedimentation
- B01D17/0214—Separation of non-miscible liquids by sedimentation with removal of one of the phases
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D17/00—Separation of liquids, not provided for elsewhere, e.g. by thermal diffusion
- B01D17/02—Separation of non-miscible liquids
- B01D17/0217—Separation of non-miscible liquids by centrifugal force
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D17/00—Separation of liquids, not provided for elsewhere, e.g. by thermal diffusion
- B01D17/08—Thickening liquid suspensions by filtration
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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Abstract
The invention discloses a compact vertical separation device based on a novel separation outer cylinder improvement method, which comprises a separation outer cylinder and a cyclone coalescer. The upper end of the separation outer cylinder is provided with a filter screen and a gas discharge pipe, the lower end of the separation outer cylinder is provided with a crude oil discharge pipe and a sewage outlet, one side of the separation outer cylinder is provided with a liquid inlet pipe, and the other side of the separation outer cylinder is provided with a drain pipe. The cyclone coalescer comprises a tangential inlet pipe, a lower diversion separation cavity, a central outer pipe, a central pipe, an upper diversion separation cavity and an oil collecting hopper, wherein the tangential inlet pipe is connected with the liquid inlet pipe, and the oil collecting hopper is connected with the crude oil discharge pipe through the central pipe. When the device works, multiphase incoming liquid firstly enters the cyclone coalescer, after centrifugal separation and collision coalescence, gas enters the gas discharge pipe after being filtered by the filter screen; the separated oil and a small amount of gas are concentrated in an oil collecting hopper at the upper end of the cyclone coalescer and discharged through a crude oil discharge pipe; after the oil-water mixture is settled by gravity in the separation outer cylinder, water is discharged through a drain pipe, and solid impurities are discharged through a sewage discharge outlet.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of oil/gas/water separation in petroleum industry, and particularly relates to a compact vertical separation device based on a separation outer cylinder improvement method.
Background
In the prior art, as various large oil fields in the world gradually enter the middle and later periods of exploitation, the water content in oil well products gradually rises, an oil/gas/water separation device built at the initial development stage is difficult to deal with, and the condition that crude oil emulsion with the water content higher than 15% enters an electric dehydrator often occurs in the use process. The normal operation of the electric dehydrator is difficult because the adaptability of the conventional power frequency/high voltage alternating current power supply and the common bare metal electrode to the crude oil with high water content is poor, and the reconstruction and expansion work aiming at the three-phase separator at the front end of the process flow is often restricted by factors such as overlarge investment or space shortage and the like and is difficult to implement.
Meanwhile, as the development of marine oil and gas resources is developed to deeper waters and marginal small blocks, new requirements are put on treatment equipment including electric dehydrators. For deepwater oilfield development, the TPL, Spar, Semi, etc. platforms are very expensive to manufacture, and therefore, there is an urgent need to use highly efficient compact oil and gas technology processing equipment to simplify the process flow, reduce the platform footprint, and reduce the overhead weight.
To meet the needs of continuous development of high water cut oil fields, deep water oil fields, marginal oil fields and green oil fields, foreign related oil companies and crude oil dehydration equipment suppliers have developed a series of highly effective application-based research works around efficient compact separation techniques and equipment since the end of the 20 th century 90 s. The occupied area and the volume of the separation equipment are greatly reduced by fully utilizing the principles of a centrifugal force field and the like. The hydrocyclone is firstly concerned by the compact structure and no moving part and is widely arranged in a vertical separator for occasions such as sewage oil removal, crude oil dehydration and high-water-content crude oil pre-separation, but most of the sizes of separation outer cylinders of the vertical separator are still formulated according to the traditional stokes law, after a multi-phase fluid passes through the built-in hydrocyclone, the shearing force and the turbulent action of a high-speed rotating fluid in the hydrocyclone are easy to cause the breaking and coalescence of liquid drops under the action of centrifugal force, the size of the coalesced liquid drops is obviously larger than the specified value of the traditional separator, and the calculation result of the size of the separation outer cylinder is larger when the size of the traditional liquid drops is still calculated.
Accordingly, there is a need to provide a compact vertical separator that overcomes the deficiencies of the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome a series of defects in the prior art, the invention provides a compact vertical separation device based on a new improved design method of a separation outer cylinder, aiming at overcoming the defects of the existing separation device.
The technical problems to be solved include: according to the characteristics of centrifugal separation and coalescence, the structural size of the cyclone coalescer is designed to achieve a satisfactory multiphase separation effect without the phenomenon of solid phase impurity deposition and blockage; according to the characteristics of liquid crushing and coalescence in the cyclone coalescer, the reasonable size of the separation outer cylinder is designed, so that the separator is more compact in structure.
The scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a compact vertical separation device based on a separation outer cylinder improvement method comprises a separation outer cylinder 1 and a cyclone coalescer 8, wherein the upper end of the separation outer cylinder 1 in the vertical direction is provided with a filter screen 2 and a gas discharge pipe 3, and the lower end is provided with a crude oil discharge pipe 4 and a sewage outlet 5; a liquid inlet pipe 6 is arranged on one side of the separation outer cylinder 1 in the horizontal direction, and a water outlet pipe 7 is arranged on the other side; the cyclone coalescer 8 comprises a tangential inlet pipe 9, a lower diversion separation cavity 10, a central outer pipe 11, a central pipe 12, an upper diversion separation cavity 13 and an oil collecting hopper 14; the tangential inlet pipe 9 is arranged in the horizontal direction and is connected with the liquid inlet pipe 6; the lower diversion separation cavity 10 is arranged in the vertical direction, the lower end of the lower diversion separation cavity is connected with the tangential inlet pipe 9, and the upper end of the lower diversion separation cavity is connected with the central outer pipe 11; the central outer pipe 11 is arranged in the vertical direction, and the upper end of the central outer pipe is connected with the upper diversion separation cavity 13; the central tube 12 is arranged in the vertical direction and is positioned inside the central outer tube 11, the upper end of the central tube is connected with the oil collecting hopper 14, and the lower end of the central tube is connected with the crude oil discharge tube 4.
Preferably, the centrifugal acceleration range of the cyclone coalescer 8 is 20-50 times of the gravity acceleration, and the vortex number range is 5-28.
Preferably, the inlet structure of the cyclone coalescer 8 is tangential vaneless.
Preferably, the cyclone coalescer 8 uses a combination vortex of a free vortex and a forced vortex to coalesce and centrifugally settle water in oil, the water moves around under the action of centrifugal force while the oil is relatively concentrated at the center of the vortex where the forced vortex is located, and the free liquid surface of the forced vortex is a parabola opening upward and the pressure at the center is very low, so that the separated oil and a part of gas flow out from the middle through the oil collecting hopper through the crude oil discharge pipe.
Preferably, when the separation device works, the multiphase liquid firstly enters the cyclone coalescer 8, after centrifugal separation and collision coalescence, the gas enters the gas discharge pipe 3 after being filtered by the filter screen 2; the separated oil and a small amount of gas are collected in the oil collecting hopper 14 at the upper end of the cyclone coalescer 8 and discharged through the crude oil discharge pipe 4; after the oil-water mixture is settled by gravity in the separation outer cylinder 1, water is discharged through the drain pipe 7, and solid impurities are discharged through the sewage outlet 5. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) the separation process integrates separation principles such as centrifugation, coalescence, gravity, filtration and the like, and the separation efficiency is high;
2) a novel improved design method of the separation outer cylinder is provided, and the breaking and coalescence processes of liquid drops caused by shearing force and turbulent action in a centrifugal force field are fully considered, so that the calculation result is more real. The method can greatly reduce the size of the outer cylinder of the separator and realize the compactness of the integral structure of the separator.
3) The centrifugal force generated by the vortex formed by the cyclone coalescer in the separator is only 20-50 times of the gravity acceleration, so that the strong shearing action of an internal flow field is avoided, and the separation efficiency and the separation capacity of the separator are improved; the method is characterized in that a discrete phase model is adopted to simulate the flow of the fluid containing the solid impurities in the cyclone coalescer, and the analysis shows that the solid impurities can smoothly flow out of the cyclone coalescer in the flowing process, so that the blockage phenomenon caused by accumulation and precipitation is avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a compact vertical separation device based on an improved method for separating an outer cylinder;
FIG. 2 is a top view of a cyclone coalescer of a compact vertical separator device based on an improved method of separating outer cartridges in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the operating principle of the cyclone coalescer of the compact vertical separation device based on the improved method of the separation outer cylinder;
FIG. 4 is a calculation flow of the improved design of the size of the compact vertical separation outer cylinder of the compact vertical separation device based on the improved method of the separation outer cylinder of the invention;
the description of the reference numerals indicates as follows:
1-separation outer cylinder, 2-filter screen, 3-gas discharge pipe, 4-crude oil discharge pipe, 5-sewage discharge port, 6-liquid inlet pipe, 7-drain pipe, 8-cyclone coalescer, 9-tangential inlet pipe, 10-lower diversion separation cavity, 11-central outer pipe, 12-central pipe, 13-upper diversion separation cavity and 14-oil collecting hopper.
Detailed Description
In order to make the implementation objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. In the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The described embodiments are only some, but not all embodiments of the invention. The embodiments and the directional terms described below with reference to the drawings are exemplary and intended to be used in the explanation of the invention, and should not be construed as limiting the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In one broad embodiment of the invention, a compact vertical separation device based on an improved method of separating an outer drum, consisting essentially of a separating outer drum and a cyclonic coalescer, wherein,
the separation outer cylinder is positioned outside the separation device, the upper end of the separation outer cylinder in the vertical direction is provided with a filter screen and a gas discharge pipe, and the lower end of the separation outer cylinder is provided with a crude oil discharge pipe and a sewage outlet; one side of the horizontal direction is provided with a liquid inlet pipe, and the other side is provided with a water outlet pipe.
The cyclone coalescer is positioned in the separation device and mainly comprises a tangential inlet pipe, a lower diversion separation cavity, a central outer pipe, a central pipe, an upper diversion separation cavity and an oil collecting hopper, wherein the tangential inlet pipe is connected with a liquid inlet pipe, and the oil collecting hopper is connected with a crude oil discharge pipe through the central pipe.
When the device works, multiphase incoming liquid firstly enters the cyclone coalescer, after centrifugal separation and collision coalescence, gas enters the gas discharge pipe after being filtered by the filter screen; the separated oil and a small amount of gas are concentrated in an oil collecting hopper at the upper end of the cyclone coalescer and discharged through a crude oil discharge pipe; after the oil-water mixture is settled by gravity in the separation outer cylinder, water is discharged through a drain pipe, and solid impurities are discharged through a sewage discharge outlet.
The influence of centrifugal coalescence and shear crushing of the cyclone coalescer on fluid is fully considered, the preferable centrifugal acceleration range of the cyclone coalescer is obtained through analysis and is (20-50) g (g is gravity acceleration), the vortex number range is 5-28, and the inlet structure of the cyclone coalescer is a tangential bladeless inlet.
In addition, the improved design method of the separation outer cylinder (namely, the size determination of the separation outer cylinder) is as follows:
1) the method comprises the steps of applying a commercial Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software Fluent, theoretically calculating the effective diameter of dispersed-phase oil drops after passing through a cyclone coalescer according to a liquid drop coalescence principle and a Population Balance Equation (PBE), and performing multi-working-condition numerical simulation verification on the particle sizes of two possible maximum oil drops by using a VOF (volatile organic compound) multiphase flow model;
2) and after determining the effective particle size of the oil drop after passing through the cyclone coalescer, substituting the effective particle size into a Henschke drop settlement speed calculation model to obtain the floating speed of the oil drop, and finally determining the size of the separation outer cylinder according to the effective particle size of the oil drop, the drop settlement speed and the residence time.
The present invention will be explained in further detail with reference to specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a compact vertical separation device based on a separation outer cylinder improved method mainly comprises a separation outer cylinder 1 and a cyclone coalescer 8, wherein,
the upper end of the separation outer cylinder 1 in the vertical direction is provided with a filter screen 2 and a gas discharge pipe 3, and the lower end is provided with a crude oil discharge pipe 4 and a sewage outlet 5; one side of the horizontal direction is provided with a liquid inlet pipe 6, and the other side is provided with a water outlet pipe 7.
The cyclone coalescer 8 mainly comprises a tangential inlet pipe 9, a lower diversion separation chamber 10, a central outer pipe 11, a central pipe 12, an upper diversion separation chamber 13 and an oil collecting bucket 14, wherein,
the tangential inlet pipe 9 is arranged in the horizontal direction and is connected with the liquid inlet pipe 6;
the lower diversion separation cavity 10 is arranged in the vertical direction, the lower end of the lower diversion separation cavity is connected with the tangential inlet pipe 9, and the upper end of the lower diversion separation cavity is connected with the central outer pipe 11;
the central outer pipe 11 is arranged in the vertical direction, and the upper end of the central outer pipe is connected with the upper diversion separation cavity 13;
the central tube 12 is arranged in the vertical direction and is positioned inside the central outer tube 11, the upper end of the central tube is connected with the oil collecting hopper 14, and the lower end of the central tube is connected with the crude oil discharge tube 4.
When the device works, multiphase incoming liquid firstly enters the cyclone coalescer 8, after centrifugal separation and collision coalescence, gas enters the gas discharge pipe 3 after being filtered by the filter screen 2; the separated oil and a small amount of gas are concentrated in an oil collecting hopper 14 at the upper end of the cyclone coalescer 8 and are discharged through a crude oil discharge pipe 4; after the oil-water mixture is settled by gravity in the separation outer cylinder 1, water is discharged through a drain pipe 7, and solid impurities are discharged through a sewage outlet 5.
The principle of operation of the cyclonic coalescer 8 is shown in figure 3. The cyclone coalescer 8 uses a combined vortex of a free vortex and a forced vortex to enable water in oil to be coalesced and centrifugally settled, the water moves to the periphery under the action of centrifugal force, the oil is relatively concentrated at the center of the vortex, the center of the vortex is a forced vortex, the free liquid level of the forced vortex is a parabola with an upward opening, the pressure at the center is very low, and therefore the separated oil and a part of gas flow out from the middle part through the oil collecting hopper and the crude oil discharge pipe.
The method is characterized in that ANSYSTEP numerical simulation calculation is carried out on the geometric dimension and the inlet structure of the cyclone coalescer 8 by adopting ANSYSTEP, the influence of centrifugal coalescence and shearing breakage of the cyclone coalescer 8 on fluid is fully considered, the preferred centrifugal acceleration range of the cyclone coalescer 8 is (20-50) g (g is gravity acceleration) and the vortex number range is 5-28 through comparative analysis, and the inlet structure adopts a tangential vaneless type inlet.
It should be appreciated that the above ranges of centrifugal acceleration and swirl number for the cyclonic coalescer 8 are merely examples and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
The flow of the fluid containing the solid impurities in the internal swirler is simulated by finally adopting a discrete phase model, and the solid impurities can smoothly flow out of the internal swirler in the flow process obtained by analysis, so that no accumulation and precipitation are generated to block.
The calculation flow of the improved design of the size of the separation outer cylinder 1 is shown in fig. 3. The main body size of the separation outer cylinder 1 is calculated according to a new improved design method based on a theoretical method and numerical simulation.
Firstly, performing theoretical calculation and numerical simulation verification on the effective diameter of dispersed phase oil drops after passing through a cyclone coalescer according to a liquid drop coalescence model and a population balance model;
then, considering the influence of the flow state of the fluid after cyclone separation on the liquid drop crushing process, performing multi-working-condition simulation calculation on two possible maximum oil drop particle sizes by using a VOF multi-phase flow model to determine the effective particle size of the oil drops after passing through a cyclone coalescer;
and finally, determining the optimal economic size of the outer cylinder of the separator according to the floating speed of the oil drops, the effective particle size of the liquid drops and the retention time obtained by the liquid drop settling speed calculation model.
The size of the separating outer cylinder can be greatly reduced through the improved design and calculation process, and the compactness of the integral structure of the separating device is realized.
Finally, it should be pointed out that: the above examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not limited thereto. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A compact vertical separation device based on a separation outer cylinder improved method comprises a separation outer cylinder (1) and a cyclone coalescer (8), and is characterized in that,
the upper end of the separation outer cylinder (1) in the vertical direction is provided with a filter screen (2) and a gas discharge pipe (3), and the lower end is provided with a crude oil discharge pipe (4) and a sewage outlet (5);
a liquid inlet pipe (6) is arranged on one side of the separation outer cylinder (1) in the horizontal direction, and a water outlet pipe (7) is arranged on the other side;
the size determining method of the separation outer cylinder (1) comprises the following steps: performing theoretical calculation and numerical simulation verification on the effective diameter of dispersed phase oil drops after passing through a cyclone coalescer according to a liquid drop coalescence model and a population balance model; performing multi-condition simulation calculation on the particle sizes of two possible maximum oil drops by using a VOF multi-phase flow model to determine the effective particle size of the oil drops after passing through a cyclone coalescer;
determining the size of the outer cylinder of the separator according to the floating speed of oil drops, the effective particle size of the liquid drops and the retention time obtained by the liquid drop settling speed calculation model;
the cyclone coalescer (8) comprises a tangential inlet pipe (9), a lower diversion separation cavity (10), a central outer pipe (11), a central pipe (12), an upper diversion separation cavity (13) and an oil collecting hopper (14);
the tangential inlet pipe (9) is arranged in the horizontal direction and is connected with the liquid inlet pipe (6);
the lower diversion separation cavity (10) is arranged in the vertical direction, the lower end of the lower diversion separation cavity is connected with the tangential inlet pipe (9), and the upper end of the lower diversion separation cavity is connected with the central outer pipe (11);
the central outer pipe (11) is arranged in the vertical direction, and the upper end of the central outer pipe is connected with the upper diversion separation cavity (13);
the central pipe (12) is arranged in the vertical direction and is positioned inside the central outer pipe (11), the upper end of the central pipe is connected with the oil collecting hopper (14), and the lower end of the central pipe is connected with the crude oil discharge pipe (4);
the inlet structure of the cyclone coalescer (8) adopts a tangential vaneless type;
the vortex number range of the cyclone coalescer (8) is 5-28.
2. The separation device according to claim 1, wherein the centrifugal acceleration of the cyclone coalescer (8) is in the range of 20 to 50 times the gravitational acceleration.
3. The separation device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the cyclone coalescer (8) achieves coalescence and centrifugal sedimentation of water in the oil by means of combined vortex of free vortex and forced vortex, the water moving around under the influence of centrifugal force and the oil relatively concentrating at the centre of the vortex where the forced vortex is located, and the free liquid surface of the forced vortex being a parabola opening upwards, where the pressure is very low, so that the separated oil and a part of the gas flow out from the middle through the oil collecting hopper via the crude oil discharge pipe.
4. A separator according to claim 1, characterized in that, when the separator is in operation, the multiphase liquid first enters the cyclone coalescer (8), after centrifugal separation and collisional coalescence, the gas is filtered by the filter screen (2) and then enters the gas discharge pipe (3); the separated oil and a small amount of gas are collected in the oil collecting hopper (14) at the upper end of the cyclone coalescer (8) and discharged through the crude oil discharge pipe (4); after the oil-water mixture is settled by gravity in the separation outer cylinder (1), water is discharged through the drain pipe (7), and solid impurities are discharged through the sewage outlet (5).
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