CN108935988A - 一种满足育成期羊驼蛋氨酸需求的全价配合饲料 - Google Patents
一种满足育成期羊驼蛋氨酸需求的全价配合饲料 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种满足育成期羊驼蛋氨酸需求的饲料,其中蛋氨酸在饲料中的营养水平为0.40%;所述的蛋氨酸,是用过瘤胃蛋氨酸RPMet来提供的;更进一步的,所述的饲料中其中矿物质元素钙的营养水平为0.55%。本发明所提供的饲料配方可显著提高饲养全程平均日增重,降低料重比,提高各常规营养成分的表观消化率。并且本发明的饲料配方不含抗生素及其他药物饲料添加剂,能够让羊驼的生长发育、饲料转化效率更好。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于全价配合饲料技术领域,具体涉及到一种满足育成期羊驼蛋氨酸需求的全价配合饲料。
背景技术
羊驼(拉丁学名:Vicugnapacos,英文名:Alpaca),属于哺乳纲(Mammalia)、偶蹄目(Artiodactyla)、骆驼科(Camelidae),主要产于南美洲秘鲁及智利的高原上,对高海拔和干旱地域有着较强的适应能力。羊驼外貌独特,非常适合作为观赏动物,驼毛和裘皮质量优于绵羊,在国际市场价格昂贵。羊驼养殖业作为我国畜牧业的新兴产业,受到业内的广泛关注,养殖规模日益扩大。但目前我国对羊驼营养需要量方面的研究鲜有报道,其饲料生产缺乏可供参考的营养标准。
蛋氨酸是反刍动物合成蛋白的第一限制性氨基酸,饲粮中蛋氨酸不足会导致机体免疫器官生长发育受阻,对细胞免疫功能产生抑制作用;蛋氨酸过量,吸收进入肝脏的蛋氨酸量超过肝脏的分解、合成能力,正常分解、合成代谢被破坏,导致各种有毒物质不能分解、排除,蓄积在肝脏、肾脏、引起肝、肾细胞变性肿大,从而引起机体代谢平衡紊乱,发生中毒。生产中普遍采用额外添加蛋氨酸的方法来满足动物的生长需求,迄今有关育成期羊驼饲粮蛋氨酸适宜水平及每日适宜供给标准未见报道。因此,探讨育成期羊驼饲粮中的适宜蛋氨酸水平及每日适宜供给量,为其饲粮的合理配制提供理论依据,需要合理科学地筛选日粮配方的种类以及用量。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种满足育成期羊驼蛋氨酸需求的饲料,以弥补羊驼饲料配制及营养供给标准研究缺乏的空白。
本发明所提供的满足育成期羊驼蛋氨酸需求的饲料,其中蛋氨酸在饲料中的营养水平为0.40%;
所述的蛋氨酸,是用过瘤胃蛋氨酸(RPMet)来提供的;
更进一步的,所述的饲料中其中矿物质元素钙的营养水平为0.55%;
作为优选,所示的饲料,其组成及配比如下:苜蓿25.00%、花生秧25.08%、玉米33.31%、次粉6.00%、豆粕7.89%、食盐0.15%、磷酸氢钙0.52%、过瘤胃蛋氨酸0.21%、过瘤胃赖氨酸0.84%、预混料1.00%。
所述的预混合饲料提供的组分如下(每kg含):VA 7500IU,VD 2250IU,VE 250IU,Na2SO4 1.8g,MgO 0.5g,CuSO4 17.9mg,ZnSO4 50.5mg,MnSO4 68.9mg,KI 20mg,Na2SeO350mg,CoCl2 38.3mg。
本发明所提供的饲料配方可显著提高饲养全程羊驼的平均日增重,降低料重比,提高各常规营养成分的消化率,并且本发明的饲料配方不含抗生素及其他药物饲料添加剂,能够让羊驼的生长发育更好。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明进行详细的描述。
蛋氨酸营养水平=各组分饲粮蛋氨酸含量×各组分饲粮百分比的和。
实施例1育成期羊驼蛋氨酸用量的筛选
1、蛋氨酸营养水平的筛选
选取健康的、体重相近(48.00±1.80kg)育成期(15月龄)羊驼,饲料组成如表1所示,每只羊驼单圈饲养。分别饲喂不同蛋氨酸水平的全混合日粮,饲粮蛋氨酸水平分别设置为0.20%、0.40%、0.60%,其他营养成分水平一致(见表1)。饲养试验共进行3个周期,每个周期预饲期5d,正试期20d,全程共75d。
表1:饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)
预混料为每千克包含如下的组分:VA 7 500IU,VD 2 250IU,VE 250IU,Na2SO41.8g,MgO 0.5g,CuSO4 17.9mg,ZnSO4 50.5mg,MnSO4 68.9mg,KI 20mg,Na2SeO3 50mg,CoCl238.3mg。
2、饲粮养分表观消化率检测
于正试期期末开始消化试验,将羊驼饲养于专用的代谢笼内适应7d,然后采用全收粪法连续收集粪便7d,准确称重,按每100g粪样加10mL10%盐酸溶液固氮,于-20℃冷冻待测。试验期间每天准确称重记录投料量及剩料量,并收集每天的剩料,于65℃烘干制成风干样后保存备用。
饲料和粪样各养分含量检测:粪样室温解冻、混匀后65℃烘箱内烘干至恒重,制成风干样品,干物质(DM)含量采用烘干方法测定,粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、钙和磷含量采用国标方法检测(依次为GB/T6432-1994、GB/T6433-2006、GB/T6436-2002、GB/T6437-2002);粗纤维含量采用ANKOM A200i型半自动纤维分析仪测定。氨基酸含量采用日立L-8900高速氨基酸分析仪采用GB/T18246-2000方法测定。养分表观消化率计算公式:
某养分表观消化率(%)=(某养分食入量-粪便某养分排出量)/某养分食入量*100%
3、羊驼体重和采食量
每个饲养周期正试期开始后,每天准确记录喂料量和剩料量,计算采食量。
每个饲养周期分别于期始、期末上午8:00喂料前空腹称体重,计算不同阶段的平均日增重(ADG)。
平均日采食量=∑(每日风干饲粮饲喂量-每日风干饲粮剩余量)/周期天数
羊驼平均日增重=(期末体重-期始体重)/试验天数
料重比=平均日采食量/平均日增重
4、血清生化指标检测
每个周期试验结束当天,所有羊驼于上午9:00空腹颈静脉采血5ml,静置2h后3500r/min离心10min,血清于-20℃冰箱中保存待测。采用日立7600生化全自动分析仪检测血清谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶和碱性磷酸酶活性及血糖、总蛋白、尿素、甘油三酯和肌酐等含量。
5、血液学常规指标检测
采血时间与方法同4,将5ml血液置于抗凝离心管中,采用优利特URIT-8060全自动生化分析仪检测血液中白细胞、红细胞、血红蛋白等血液学常规指标。
6、数据处理
使用Excel2016软件对试验数据进行初步处理。使用SPSS 20.0软件进行统计处理,用Duncan's法进行组间差异显著性检验,结果以“平均值士标准差”表示。
7、结果
1)不同蛋氨酸水平对育成期羊驼常规养分表观消化率的影响
不同蛋氨酸水平对育成期羊驼常规养分表观消化率见表2。粗蛋白质的表观消化率,0.40%组显著高于0.60%组(P<0.05),粗脂肪表观消化率0.40%组显著高于0.20%组(P<0.05),粗纤维表观消化率0.40%组和0.60%组极显著高于0.20%组(P<0.01),0.40%组显著高于0.6%组(P<0.05);钙、磷、干物质的表观消化率三组间无显著差异(P>0.05)。
表2:蛋氨酸水平对羊驼常规养分表观消化率的影响
注:同行数据肩标相同字母或无肩标表示差异不显著(P>0.05),肩标不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),不同大写字母表示差异极显著(P<0.01)。下表同。
2)饲粮蛋氨酸水平对育成期羊驼17种氨基酸表观消化率的影响
蛋氨酸水平对育成期羊驼氨基酸表观消化率的影响见表3。蛋氨酸和胱氨酸表观消化率,0.40%组略高于0.60%组(P>0.05),两组均显著或极显著高于0.20%组(P<0.01或0.05)。组氨酸和脯氨酸表观消化率,0.40%组极显著高于0.20%(P<0.01),显著高于0.6%组(P<0.05);0.6%组显著高于0.20%(P<0.05)。赖氨酸、天门冬氨酸、苏氨酸、丝氨酸、谷氨酸、甘氨酸、丙氨酸、缬氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、酪氨酸、苯丙氨酸、精氨酸的表观消化率,0.40%组均极显著高于0.20%组和0.60%组(P<0.01),0.20%组和0.60%组之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。饲粮中17种氨基酸表观消化率均以0.40%组最高。
表3:蛋氨酸水平对羊驼氨基酸表观消化率的影响
3)不同蛋氨酸水平对育成期公羊驼体重和采食量的影响
蛋氨酸水平对育成期羊驼体增重和采食量等的影响见表4。0.40%处理组的平均日增重较0.20%组、0.60%组分别提高8.25%、7.45%,料重比较之分别降低8.45%、7.33%,但无生物统计学意义上的差异显著性(P>0.05)。
表4:饲粮蛋氨酸对羊驼体重和采食量的影响
4)不同蛋氨酸水平对育成期羊驼血清生化指标的影响
蛋氨酸水平对育成期羊驼血清生化指标的影响见表5。羊驼血清谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶和碱性磷酸酶活血糖性、血清总蛋白、尿素、甘油三酯、肌酐含量三组间均无显著差异(P>0.05)。
表5:蛋氨酸水平对羊驼血清生化指标的影响
5)不同蛋氨酸水平对育成期羊驼血液学常规指标的影响
过瘤胃蛋氨酸水平对育成期羊驼血液学常规指标的影响见表6。羊驼血液白细胞总数、淋巴细胞比率、中值细胞比率、中性粒细胞比率、淋巴细胞、淋巴细胞、血红蛋白、红细胞总数、红细胞平均体积、红细胞分布宽度CV三组间均无显著差异(P>0.05)。
表6:蛋氨酸水平对羊驼血液学常规指标的影响
上述结果显示,饲喂蛋氨酸营养水平为0.40%的饲粮,育成期羊驼对粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、粗纤维及17种氨基酸的表观消化率均显著高于0.20%和0.60%水平。0.40%蛋氨酸水平对羊驼体重增长和降低料重比方面的作用效果有优于其他水平趋势,羊驼血清生化指标、血液学常规指标不受蛋氨酸水平影响。可见,育成期羊驼饲粮蛋氨酸水平以0.40%为佳。
实施例2青岛农业大学试验示范基地进行的实验
1.1试验设计及饲粮配方
青岛农业大学试验示范基地中,选取健康的、体重相近(47.33±1.81kg)育成期(15月龄)羊驼9只,分别饲喂不同蛋氨酸水平的全混合日粮,饲粮蛋氨酸水平分别设置为0.20%、0.40%、0.60%,其他营养成分水平一致(见表7)。
表7:饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)
表格1
1)预混料为每千克包含如下的组分:VA 7 500IU,VD 2 250IU,VE 250IU,Na2SO41.8g,MgO 0.5g,CuSO4 17.9mg,ZnSO4 50.5mg,MnSO4 68.9mg,KI 20mg,Na2SeO3 50mg,CoCl238.3mg。
1.2饲粮养分表观消化率检测
于正试期期末开始消化试验,将羊驼饲养于专用的代谢笼内适应7d,然后采用全收粪法连续收集粪便7d,准确称重,按每100g粪样加10mL10%盐酸溶液固氮,于-20℃冷冻待测。试验期间每天准确称重记录投料量及剩料量,并收集每天的剩料,于65℃烘干制成风干样后保存备用。
饲料和粪样各养分含量检测:粪样室温解冻、混匀后65℃烘箱内烘干至恒重,制成风干样品,干物质(DM)含量采用烘干法测定,粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、钙和磷含量采用国标方法检测(依次为GB/T6432-1994、GB/T6433-2006、GB/T6436-2002、GB/T6437-2002);粗纤维含量采用ANKOM A200i型半自动纤维分析仪测定。氨基酸含量采用日立L-8900高速氨基酸分析仪采用GB/T18246-2000方法测定。养分表观消化率计算公式:
某养分表观消化率(%)=(某养分食入量-粪便某养分排出量)/某养分食入量*100%
1.3羊驼体重和采食量
每个饲养周期正试期开始后,每天准确记录喂料量和剩料量,计算采食量。
每个饲养周期分别于期始、期末上午8:00喂料前空腹称体重,计算不同阶段的平均日增重(ADG)。
平均日采食量=∑(每日风干饲粮饲喂量-每日风干饲粮剩余量)/周期天数
羊驼平均日增重=(期末体重-期始体重)/试验天数
料重比=平均日采食量/平均日增重
1.4数据处理
使用Excel2016软件对试验数据进行初步处理。使用SPSS 20.0软件进行统计处理,用Duncan's法进行组间差异显著性检验,结果以“平均值士标准差”表示。
2结果与分析
2.1不同蛋氨酸水平对育成期羊驼常规养分表观消化率的影响
不同蛋氨酸水平对育成期羊驼常规养分表观消化率见表8。粗蛋白质的表观消化率,0.40%组显著高于0.60%组(P<0.05),粗脂肪表观消化率0.40%组显著高于0.20%组(P<0.05),粗纤维表观消化率0.40%组和0.60%组极显著高于0.20%组(P<0.01),0.40%组显著高于0.6%组(P<0.05);钙、磷、干物质的表观消化率三组间无显著差异(P>0.05)。
表8:蛋氨酸水平对羊驼常规养分表观消化率的影响
注:同行数据肩标相同字母或无肩标表示差异不显著(P>0.05),肩标不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),不同大写字母表示差异极显著
(P<0.01)。下表同。
2.2饲粮蛋氨酸水平对育成期羊驼17种氨基酸表观消化率的影响
蛋氨酸水平对育成期羊驼氨基酸表观消化率的影响见表9。蛋氨酸和胱氨酸表观消化率,0.40%组略高于0.60%组(P>0.05),两组均显著或极显著高于0.20%组(P<0.01或0.05)。组氨酸和脯氨酸表观消化率,0.40%组极显著高于0.20%(P<0.01),显著高于0.6%组(P<0.05);0.6%组显著高于0.20%(P<0.05)。赖氨酸、天门冬氨酸、苏氨酸、丝氨酸、谷氨酸、甘氨酸、丙氨酸、缬氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、酪氨酸、苯丙氨酸、精氨酸的表观消化率,0.40%组均极显著高于0.20%组和0.60%组(P<0.01),0.20%组和0.60%组之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。饲粮中17种氨基酸表观消化率均以0.40%组最高。
表9:蛋氨酸水平对羊驼氨基酸表观消化率的影响
2.3不同蛋氨酸水平对育成期公羊驼体重和采食量的影响
蛋氨酸水平对育成期羊驼体增重和采食量等的影响见表10。0.40%处理组的平均日增重较0.20%组、0.60%组分别提高8.33%、7.51%,料重比较之分别降低8.49%、7.30%,但无生物统计学意义上的差异显著性(P>0.05)。
表10:饲粮蛋氨酸对羊驼体重和采食量的影响
本试验结果显示,饲喂蛋氨酸含量0.40%的饲粮,育成期羊驼对粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、粗纤维及17种氨基酸的表观消化率均显著高于0.20%和0.60%水平。0.40%蛋氨酸水平对羊驼体重增长和降低料重比方面的作用效果有优于其他水平趋势,羊驼血清生化指标、血液学常规指标不受蛋氨酸水平影响。可见,育成期羊驼饲粮蛋氨酸水平以0.40%为佳。
实施例3青岛畜牧科技示范园进行的实验
1.1试验设计及饲粮配方
选取健康的、体重相近(47.49±1.66kg)育成期(15月龄)羊驼9只,分别饲喂不同蛋氨酸水平的全混合日粮,饲粮蛋氨酸水平分别设置为0.20%、0.40%、0.60%,其他营养成分水平一致(见表11)。
表11:饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)
表格2
1)预混料为每千克包含如下的组分:VA 7 500IU,VD 2 250IU,VE 250IU,Na2SO41.8g,MgO 0.5g,CuSO4 17.9mg,ZnSO4 50.5mg,MnSO4 68.9mg,KI 20mg,Na2SeO3 50mg,CoCl238.3mg。
1.2饲粮养分表观消化率检测
于正试期期末开始消化试验,将羊驼饲养于专用的代谢笼内适应7d,然后采用全收粪法连续收集粪便7d,准确称重,按每100g粪样加10mL10%盐酸溶液固氮,于-20℃冷冻待测。试验期间每天准确称重记录投料量及剩料量,并收集每天的剩料,于65℃烘干制成风干样后保存备用。
饲料和粪样各养分含量检测:粪样室温解冻、混匀后65℃烘箱内烘干至恒重,制成风干样品,干物质(DM)含量采用烘干法测定,粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、钙和磷含量采用国标方法检测(依次为GB/T6432-1994、GB/T6433-2006、GB/T6436-2002、GB/T6437-2002);粗纤维含量采用ANKOM A200i型半自动纤维分析仪测定。氨基酸含量采用日立L-8900高速氨基酸分析仪采用GB/T18246-2000方法测定。养分表观消化率计算公式:
某养分表观消化率(%)=(某养分食入量-粪便某养分排出量)/某养分食入量*100%
1.3羊驼体重和采食量
每个饲养周期正试期开始后,每天准确记录喂料量和剩料量,计算采食量。
每个饲养周期分别于期始、期末上午8:00喂料前空腹称体重,计算不同阶段的平均日增重(ADG)。
平均日采食量=∑(每日风干饲粮饲喂量-每日风干饲粮剩余量)/周期天数
羊驼平均日增重=(期末体重-期始体重)/试验天数
料重比=平均日采食量/平均日增重
1.4数据处理
使用Excel2016软件对试验数据进行初步处理。使用SPSS 20.0软件进行统计处理,用Duncan's法进行组间差异显著性检验,结果以“平均值士标准差”表示。
2结果与分析
2.1不同蛋氨酸水平对育成期羊驼常规养分表观消化率的影响
不同蛋氨酸水平对育成期羊驼常规养分表观消化率见表12。粗蛋白质的表观消化率,0.40%组显著高于0.60%组(P<0.05),粗脂肪表观消化率0.40%组显著高于0.20%组(P<0.05),粗纤维表观消化率0.40%组和0.60%组极显著高于0.20%组(P<0.01),0.40%组显著高于0.6%组(P<0.05);钙、磷、干物质的表观消化率三组间无显著差异(P>0.05)。
表12:蛋氨酸水平对羊驼常规养分表观消化率的影响
注:同行数据肩标相同字母或无肩标表示差异不显著(P>0.05),肩标不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),不同大写字母表示差异极显著(P<0.01)。下表同。
2.2饲粮蛋氨酸水平对育成期羊驼17种氨基酸表观消化率的影响
蛋氨酸水平对育成期羊驼氨基酸表观消化率的影响见表13。蛋氨酸和胱氨酸表观消化率,0.40%组略高于0.60%组(P>0.05),两组均显著或极显著高于0.20%组(P<0.01或0.05)。组氨酸和脯氨酸表观消化率,0.40%组极显著高于0.20%(P<0.01),显著高于0.6%组(P<0.05);0.6%组显著高于0.20%(P<0.05)。赖氨酸、天门冬氨酸、苏氨酸、丝氨酸、谷氨酸、甘氨酸、丙氨酸、缬氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、酪氨酸、苯丙氨酸、精氨酸的表观消化率,0.40%组均极显著高于0.20%组和0.60%组(P<0.01),0.20%组和0.60%组之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。饲粮中17种氨基酸表观消化率均以0.40%组最高。
表13:蛋氨酸水平对羊驼氨基酸表观消化率的影响
2.3不同蛋氨酸水平对育成期公羊驼体重和采食量的影响
蛋氨酸水平对育成期羊驼体增重和采食量等的影响见表14。0.40%处理组的平均日增重较0.20%组、0.60%组分别提高8.17%、7.38%,料重比较之分别降低8.48%、7.31%,但无生物统计学意义上的差异显著性(P>0.05)。
表14:饲粮蛋氨酸对羊驼体重和采食量的影响
本试验结果显示,饲喂蛋氨酸含量0.40%的饲粮,育成期羊驼对粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、粗纤维及17种氨基酸的表观消化率均显著高于0.20%和0.60%水平。0.40%蛋氨酸水平对羊驼体重增长和降低料重比方面的作用效果有优于其他水平趋势,羊驼血清生化指标、血液学常规指标不受蛋氨酸水平影响。可见,育成期羊驼饲粮蛋氨酸水平以0.40%为佳。
Claims (6)
1.一种用于育成期羊驼的饲料,其特征在于,所述的饲料,其中蛋氨酸在饲料中的营养水平为0.40%。
2.如权利要求1所述的饲料,其特征在于,所述的饲料中的蛋氨酸是用过瘤胃蛋氨酸RPMet来提供的。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的饲料,其特征在于,所述的饲料中矿物质元素钙的营养水平为0.55%.
4.如权利要求1所述的饲料,其特征在于,所述的饲料,其组成及配比如下:苜蓿25.00%、花生秧25.08%、玉米33.31%、次粉6.00%、豆粕7.89%、食盐0.15%、磷酸氢钙0.52%、过瘤胃蛋氨酸0.21%、过瘤胃赖氨酸0.84%、预混料1.00%。
5.如权利要求4所述的饲料,其特征在于,所述的预混合饲料,其每kg含有的组分如下:VA 7500IU,VD 2250IU,VE 250IU,Na2SO4 1.8g,MgO 0.5g,CuSO4 17.9mg,ZnSO4 50.5mg,MnSO4 68.9mg,KI 20mg,Na2SeO3 50mg,CoCl2 38.3mg。
6.一种育成期羊驼的饲喂方法,其特征在于,所述的方法是使用权利要求3所述的饲料进行投喂。
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