CN108935186A - A kind of feed intake observation device and observation method - Google Patents
A kind of feed intake observation device and observation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108935186A CN108935186A CN201710367319.1A CN201710367319A CN108935186A CN 108935186 A CN108935186 A CN 108935186A CN 201710367319 A CN201710367319 A CN 201710367319A CN 108935186 A CN108935186 A CN 108935186A
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- 235000021050 feed intake Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 claims abstract description 96
- 238000009304 pastoral farming Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 244000144980 herd Species 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 235000019629 palatability Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 81
- 230000003187 abdominal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 210000001364 upper extremity Anatomy 0.000 claims description 8
- 210000001015 abdomen Anatomy 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003862 health status Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001228 trophic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 235000006694 eating habits Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 7
- 241000283073 Equus caballus Species 0.000 abstract description 6
- 241001494479 Pecora Species 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 6
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 6
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 abstract description 5
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 22
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000002431 foraging effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000005911 diet Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000037213 diet Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- FGRBYDKOBBBPOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 10,10-dioxo-2-[4-(N-phenylanilino)phenyl]thioxanthen-9-one Chemical compound O=C1c2ccccc2S(=O)(=O)c2ccc(cc12)-c1ccc(cc1)N(c1ccccc1)c1ccccc1 FGRBYDKOBBBPOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001416153 Bos grunniens Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000283707 Capra Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000209504 Poaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000282849 Ruminantia Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019621 digestibility Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003238 esophagus Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K29/00—Other apparatus for animal husbandry
- A01K29/005—Monitoring or measuring activity, e.g. detecting heat or mating
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K27/00—Leads or collars, e.g. for dogs
- A01K27/009—Leads or collars, e.g. for dogs with electric-shock, sound, magnetic- or radio-waves emitting devices
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Management, Administration, Business Operations System, And Electronic Commerce (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of feed intake observation device and observation methods comprising for observing the image capture device of feed intake situation；Mounting base；Fixation kit connects the mounting base, and is worn on the animal bodies, for fixing the position of the mounting base；Bar is observed, connects the mounting base, and the end of the observation bar is connected with described image acquisition equipment.It present invention can be suitably applied to pasture stock, such as yak, milk cow, horse and sheep, the feeding observation method equipment can move under grazing habit with the movement of animal, observe the feeding situation of grazing animal in real time；The feeding observation method then can analyze the palatability of herbage, the selectionindex of animal, plant to the contribution degree, the availability of plant, plant of daily ration to parameters such as the contribution degrees of daily ration, with this come comprehensively, true, accurately reflection pasture stock dietary habit, for it is subsequent herd work and provide effectively reliably instruct.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to livestock-raising fields, and in particular to a kind of feed intake observation device and observation method.
Background technique
Currently, observational record animal has focused largely on drylot feeding domestic animal, few records are put such as the equipment that domestic animal searches for food
Domestic animal feeding situation is herded, it is just less in full pasture stock, such as yak.
In drylot feeding domestic animal, it is already possible to be seen by the equipment such as such as ACEMA48 system trough to pig foraging behaviour
It surveys, and using the Ruminant behavior of logger record ox.But above-mentioned technology has the drawback that 1, the former can only be in certain feeding
It supports in environment, such as colony house, record feeding situation；Although 2, logger is able to record the foraging behaviour of pasture stock, it is based on sound
Frequently, Feeding time, total lower jaw activity number, ingesting port number etc. can only be recorded.To the specific plant of grazing animal, such as yak feeding
Kind, partial eclipse hobby cannot obtain good result feedback.
In addition, in the prior art, the technical method of research pasture stock dietary habit is divided into directly or indirectly 2 kinds.Directly
Method is measured based on herbage, is herding front and back sampling weighing respectively herding cell, but there are certain defects for this method: 1,
Domestic animal is enclosed in cell and individually herds, can excite domestic animal stress behavior, foraging behaviour is had an impact；2, list cannot be measured
The herbage feed intake of a domestic animal；3, feed intake can only be measured, and selection of the domestic animal to GRASSES WITH DIFFERENT cannot be embodied in data
Preference.Indirect method is measured based on domestic animal, combines endogenous or external source indicator side including collecting dung method, fistulae sampling etc.
Method, but there is also following problems: and 1, the reliability of esophagus fistulae sampling is under suspicion, and external source indicator measures the external of digestibility
There is also disputes for experiment itself；2, fistulae sampling is related to animal welfare and experimental cost problem；3, domestic animal cannot be embodied to original
The selective difference of raw vegetation type, the only selection differences in nutrient type, data cannot predict Grazing grassland
Feeding regression model.
Therefore, it is necessary to provide one kind new feed intake observation device and observation method to overcome drawbacks described above.
Summary of the invention
For above-mentioned problems of the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of new feed intake observation device and
Observation method is applicable to pasture stock, such as yak, milk cow, horse and sheep, and the feeding observation device can grazing habit
Under moved with the movement of animal, in real time observe grazing animal feeding situation；The feeding observation method, which then can analyze, herds
Contribution of the selectionindex, plant of careless palatability, animal to the contribution degree, the availability of plant, plant of daily ration to daily ration
The parameters such as degree, with this come comprehensively, true, accurately reflection pasture stock dietary habit, herd work to be subsequent and be provided with
The reliable guidance of effect.
The technical solution that the present invention is proposed with regard to above-mentioned technical problem is as follows:
On the one hand, a kind of feed intake observation device is provided comprising for observing the Image Acquisition of feed intake situation
Equipment；Mounting base；Fixation kit connects the mounting base, and is worn on the animal bodies, for fixing the installation
The position of seat；Bar is observed, connects the mounting base, and the end of the observation bar is connected with described image acquisition equipment.
Preferably, the fixation kit includes: the first chest strap, the second chest strap and the first connector；
First connector includes: the first installation position, the second installation position and third installation position；
One end of first chest strap connects first installation position, and the other end connects the front side of the mounting base；It is described
One end of second chest strap connects second installation position, and the other end connects the front side of the mounting base；First chest strap, second
Chest strap, the first connector and mounting base form the first space passed through for the animal head.
Preferably, the line at the center of first installation position, the second installation position and third installation position intersects shape two-by-two
At triangle.
Preferably, the fixation kit further include: the first harness, the second harness, abdominal belt and the second connector；
Second connector includes: the 4th installation position, the 5th installation position and the 6th installation position；
The abdominal belt both ends are separately connected the third installation position and the 4th installation position；
First harness one end connects the 5th installation position, and the other end connects the left side of the mounting base；
Second harness one end connects the 6th installation position, and the other end connects the right side of the mounting base；
First harness, the second harness, mounting base and the second connector are formed to be worn for the animal abdomen and back
The second space crossed；
First harness, the first chest strap and abdominal belt form the third space passed through for the animal left front leg；
Second harness, the second chest strap and abdominal belt form the 4th space passed through for the animal right front leg.
Preferably, the 5th installation position, the 6th installation position are arranged in parallel, and the 5th installation position is set to described
The left side of two connectors, the 6th installation position are set to the right side of second connector；4th installation position is set to
Between 5th installation position, the 6th installation position.
Preferably, the fixation kit further includes that at least one back reinforces band；The mounting base rear side is provided with and institute
Back is stated to reinforce with corresponding back reinforcing position；It is additionally provided on second connector and reinforces the of band connection for the back
Seven installation positions；
The back, which reinforces band one end and connects the back, reinforces position, the other end pass through after two back legs of the animal with institute
The 7th installation position for stating the second connector is flexibly connected.
Preferably, first chest strap, the second chest strap, the first harness, the second harness, abdominal belt and back reinforce in band
One or more are elastic band；First chest strap, the second chest strap, the first harness, the second harness, abdominal belt and back reinforce band
One or more of on be provided with adjusting component for adjustment length.
Preferably, the observation bar includes several local bars, and is rotatably connected between the adjacent two local bar；Position
The mounting base is connected in the local bar of stem, the local bar end connection described image positioned at tail portion acquires equipment.
On the other hand, a kind of feed intake observation method is also provided comprising following steps:
S1, it chooses animal to be observed: choosing several heads and instructed through toning, and is health status, weight, agematched dynamic
Object；
S2, it herds: being herded in 7-8 month, grazing time section is daily 6:30-19:30；In 10-12 month into
Row is herded, and grazing time section is daily 6:30-18:30；
S3, observation feeding: during herding, with every 3 days for a period, in each period, pass through feed intake daily
Observation device observes feeding situation at least 3 times of the animal, and hourly observation data；And GPS positioning while observation
Geographical location, height above sea level and the distance for herding the animal migration in the process of instrument record grazing ground.
S4, data processing: the observation data are handled.
Preferably, which is characterized in that the step S4 includes one or several in step S41-S44, the step
S41-S44 difference is as follows:
The palatability analysis of S41, herbage: evaluating herbage quality using formula (1), obtain the palatability of herbage,
The formula (1) is as follows:
Ni=∑ aijxj(1)；
Wherein, xjIt is the ratio of jth kind herbage in daily ration；aijIt is jth kind herbage jth kind nutritional ingredient；NiThen to be eaten
The average trophic level of daily ration；
The selectionindex calculating of S42, animal: the selectionindex of the animal, the formula (2) are calculated using formula (2)
It is as follows:
II=D2/P(2)；
Wherein, II is feeding index；D is the percentage of certain herbage in feeding daily ration；P is same on natural meadow herds
The percentage of grass；
S43, plant calculate the contribution degree of daily ration: calculating contribution degree of the herbage to daily ration, the formula using formula (3)
(3) as follows:
Wherein, SCDiIt is i-th kind of herbage to the contribution degree of daily ration；NijFor i-th kind what is observed in jth kind vegetation pattern
The ingesting port number of herbage；TjFor the Feeding time in jth kind vegetation pattern；BjObserved by jth kind vegetation Class1 0min
The number arrived；10 observe 10min for every kind of vegetation pattern；
The availability analysis of S44, plant: it calculates in the given time, the number that a certain herbage is searched for food accounts for described
In predetermined time in the searched for food region of animal the herbage occur frequency between ratio, thus to obtain the herbage can
It is acquired.
Technical solution of the present invention has the following technical effect that
Feed intake observation device and observation method provided by the invention, are applicable to pasture stock, such as yak, milk
Ox, horse and sheep etc., the feeding observation device can move under grazing habit with the movement of animal, observe grazing animal in real time
Feeding situation；The feeding observation method then can analyze the palatability of herbage, the selectionindex of animal, plant to daily ration
Contribution degree, the availability of plant, plant carry out comprehensive, true, accurate reflection with this and herd to parameters such as the contribution degrees of daily ration
The dietary habit of domestic animal herds work and provides effectively reliable guidance to be subsequent.
Detailed description of the invention
To describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention more clearly, make required in being described below to embodiment
Attached drawing is briefly described, it should be apparent that, drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, for
For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, it can also be obtained according to these attached drawings other
Attached drawing.
Fig. 1 is the overall structure diagram of feed intake observation device in the embodiment of the present invention one；
Fig. 2 is the usage state diagram of feed intake observation device in the embodiment of the present invention one；
Fig. 3 is the structural schematic diagram of the first connector in the embodiment of the present invention one, the second connector；
Fig. 4 is the top view of feed intake observation device in the embodiment of the present invention one (not including image capture device)；
Fig. 5 is the front view of feed intake observation device in the embodiment of the present invention one (not including image capture device)；
Fig. 6 is the rearview of feed intake observation device in the embodiment of the present invention one (not including image capture device)；
Fig. 7 is the curved schematic that bar is observed in the embodiment of the present invention one；
Fig. 8 is another curved schematic that bar is observed in the embodiment of the present invention one；
Fig. 9 is the rotation schematic diagram that bar is observed in the embodiment of the present invention one；
Figure 10 is the connection schematic diagram of image capture device and local bar in the embodiment of the present invention one；
Figure 11 is the step flow chart of feed intake observation method in the embodiment of the present invention two.
Specific embodiment
The present invention in view of the deficiencies in the prior art, provides a kind of feed intake observation device and observation side
Method, is applicable to pasture stock, such as yak, milk cow, horse and sheep, and the feeding observation device can be servo-actuated under grazing habit
The movement of object and move, in real time observe grazing animal feeding situation；It is described feeding observation then can analyze herbage palatability,
The selectionindex of animal, plant to the contribution degree, the availability of plant, plant of daily ration to parameters such as the contribution degrees of daily ration, with
This come comprehensively, true, accurately reflection pasture stock dietary habit, herd work to be subsequent effectively reliable finger be provided
It leads.
Embodiment one:
As shown in Figs. 1-2, the feed intake observation device in the present invention includes the image for observing feed intake situation
Acquire equipment 1；Mounting base 2；Fixation kit connects the mounting base 2, and is worn on 100 body of animal, for solid
The position of the fixed mounting base 2；Bar 3 is observed, head end connects the mounting base 2, and the end connection of the observation bar 3 is
State image capture device 1.In the present embodiment, the animal 100 be preferably can free range husbandry outdoors domestic animal, comprising: milk cow,
Yak, goat, sheep, horse etc.；Described image acquires removable intelligence of the equipment 1 preferably for camera or with camera eventually
End, such as mobile phone, tablet computer；And the mouth of animal 100 described in described image acquisition 1 face of equipment, with better observation station
State the feeding situation of animal 100；
As seen in figures 3-6, the fixation kit specifically includes: the first chest strap 4, the second chest strap 5 and the first connector 6；
Specifically, as shown in figure 3, first connector 6 includes: the first installation position 61, the second installation position 62 and
Three installation positions 63；Preferably, first installation position 61, the second installation position 62 and third installation position 63 are the geometry of rule
The through-hole of shape (such as square, rectangle, track type, oblong, ellipse), it is not limited here.Also, first peace
It is (preferably, described that the line at the center of dress position 61, the second installation position 62 and third installation position 63 is crossed to form triangle two-by-two
Triangle is isosceles triangle), thereby guarantee that the first installation position 61, the second installation position 62 and third installation position 63 substantially at three
Triangular arrangement, further such that the first chest strap 4,5 stress balance of the second chest strap.
Wherein, as seen in figures 3-6, movable connection first installation position 61 in one end of first chest strap 4, the other end
(in the present embodiment, the fixation kit is worn on 100 body of animal the front side F of the movable connection mounting base 2
Afterwards, the mounting base 2 is located at the back of the animal 100, and the side towards 100 head of animal is front side F)；Institute
State movable connection second installation position 62 in one end of the second chest strap 5, the front side of the movable connection mounting base 2 of the other end
F；First chest strap 4, the second chest strap 5, the first connector 6 and mounting base 2 form the passed through for 100 head of animal
One space S 1.And as shown in Fig. 2, 100 head of the animal is after first space S 1, first connector 6 is attached
In in the low portion of neck of the animal 100 or shirtfront.In addition, to reinforce the first chest strap 4, the second chest strap 5 and the mounting base 2
The bonding strength of front side F further respectively has on the front side F of the mounting base 1 for first chest strap 4,5 activity of the second chest strap even
The first fixing piece 7, the second fixing piece 8 connect, and first fixing piece 7, the second fixing piece 8 are generally towards the animal 100
Head position extends.
Further, as seen in figures 3-6, the fixation kit further include: the first harness 9, the second harness 10, abdominal belt 11 with
And second connector 12；
Specifically, as shown in figure 3, second connector 12 include: the 4th installation position 121, the 5th installation position 122 and
6th installation position 123；Likewise, the 4th installation position 121, the 5th installation position 122 and the 6th installation position 123 are rule
Geometry (such as square, rectangle, track type, oblong, ellipse) through-hole, it is not limited here.Also, it is preferred that
, the 5th installation position 122, the 6th installation position 123 are oppositely arranged in parallel, and the 5th installation position 122 be set to it is described
The left side of second connector 12, the 6th installation position 123 are set to the right side of second connector 12；4th installation
Position 121 is set between the 5th installation position 122, the 6th installation position 123.
Further, as seen in figures 3-6, described 11 one end of abdominal belt is flexibly connected the third installation position 63, and the other end is living
Dynamic connection the 4th installation position 121；Described first harness, 9 one end is flexibly connected the 5th installation position 122, other end activity
Connect the left side L of the mounting base 1；Described second harness, 10 one end is flexibly connected the 6th installation position 123, other end activity
Connect the right side R of the mounting base 1；
First harness 9, the second harness 10, mounting base 2 and the second connector 12 formed for the animal abdomen and
The second space S2 that back passes through；
First harness 9, the first chest strap 4 and abdominal belt 11 form the third space passed through for the animal left front leg
S3；
Second harness 10, the second chest strap 5 and abdominal belt 11 form the 4th space passed through for the animal right front leg
S4。
As shown in Fig. 2, 100 abdomen of animal and back pass through the second space S2, and left front leg passes through third sky
Between S3, right front leg pass through the 4th space S 4 after, second connector 12 is attached on the lower abdomen of the animal.
Preferably, to reinforce the soundness of the mounting base 2 on the animal back, the fixation kit further include to
Few (preferably 2) back reinforces band 13；The 2 rear side B of mounting base (being oppositely arranged with the front side F) is provided with and institute
It states back and reinforces the corresponding back of band 13 reinforcing position 14；At the same time, it is additionally provided on second connector 12 for the back
Portion reinforces the 7th installation position 15 that band 13 connects；
The back reinforces 13 one end of band and is flexibly connected back reinforcing position 14, after the other end passes through the two of the animal
It is corresponding with the 7th installation position 15 of second connector 12 after leg to be flexibly connected.
First chest strap 4, the second chest strap 5 and abdominal belt 11 can form the fixed structure of " Y " font as a result, the
One harness 9, the second harness 10 and back, which reinforce band 13, can form the fixed structure of another " Y " font, meanwhile, abdominal belt 11,
Back reinforces band 13 and the first harness 9, the second harness 10 are all connected on second connector 12, and " ten " word is consequently formed
Mounting base 2 can be firmly fixed to move by the fixed structure of type by the fixed structure of above-mentioned bis- " Y " fonts+" ten " font
The back of object, and then prevent animal in the active procedure of field, the mounting base 2 is slided forward or backward, influences data acquisition
In the present embodiment, for the observation needs for meeting various animals, first chest strap 4, the second chest strap 5, first
It is elastic band that harness 9, the second harness 10, abdominal belt 11 and back, which reinforce one or more of band 13,；And first chest strap
4, the second chest strap 5, the first harness 9, the second harness 10, abdominal belt 11 and back reinforce on one or more of band 13 and are provided with
For the adjusting component of adjustment length, such as adjusting buckle, thus adjust length so that first chest strap 4, second chest strap 5,
First harness 9, the second harness 10, abdominal belt 11 and back, which reinforce band 13, laterally (bust) and longitudinal (body is long) to be extended, with
Meet the different animal use demand of variety classes, different age group, body ruler.
It should be noted that the flexible connection in the present embodiment is the conventional connection type of this field, such as clamping, only
Be able to achieve it is movable, detachably connected, specific structure it is not limited here,
Meanwhile as shown in Figure 1, the observation bar 3 includes several local bars 30, the part bar 30 can be straight-bar or song
Bar；And it is rotatably connected between the adjacent two local bar 30, such as hinged；Wherein institute is connected positioned at the local bar 30 of stem
Mounting base 2 is stated, 30 end of the local bar connection described image positioned at tail portion acquires equipment 1.As Figure 7-8, pass through local bar
Being rotatably connected between 30 may make the observation bar 3 that can fold, shorten length and adjust the angle between local bar 30
Degree (after rotating between such as local bar 30, local bar 30 being fixed using fixing piece, thus fixed required angle) etc., with
This observation needs to meet different angle.
It further, as Figure 7-8, is the observation needs for meeting each orientation, the local bar 30 of the stem can lead to
Rotation seat 31 is crossed to connect with the mounting base 2, as shown in figure 9, the rotation seat 31 can be relatively described 360 ° of the generation of mounting base 2
Thus rotation drives the observation bar 3 to rotate, so that image capture device 1 can according to need the range of adjustment observation
The region and.Meanwhile as shown in Figure 10, it can also be used between 30 end of local bar of tail portion and described image acquisition equipment 1
Rotatable connection type, such as it is hinged, thus when animal comes back, described image acquires equipment 1 and is located in the air, due to center of gravity
Offset and gravity, image capture device 1 can tilt naturally, to be directed at the mouth of the animal, acquire image；Work as institute
The head for stating animal is low, and makes described image acquisition equipment 1 when touching ground, due to being located at 30 end of local bar of tail portion
It can relatively rotate between end and described image acquisition equipment 1, the obstruction on ground is so that the described image acquisition recovery of equipment 1 connects
Nearly horizontal state, can equally be directed at the mouth of the animal for feeding of bowing, equally can satisfy Image Acquisition
Needs, and can be acquired to avoid described image and occur contact firmly between equipment 1 and the ground and Image Acquisition be caused to set
Standby 1 damage.
Embodiment two:
As shown in figure 11, the present invention also provides a kind of feed intake observation methods comprising following steps:
S1, it chooses animal to be observed: choosing several heads and instructed through toning, and is health status, weight, agematched dynamic
Object；Yak 8 as chosen about 2.5 years old similar in health status, weight；
S2, it herds: herding habit with local herdsman and be consistent, that is, herded, herded in 7-8 month (green grass phase)
Period is daily 6:30-19:30；It is herded in 10-12 month (withered grass phase), grazing time section is daily 6:30-
18:30；
S3, observation feeding: during herding, with every 3 days for a period, in each period, pass through feed intake daily
Observation device (the feed intake observation device in embodiment one can be used) observes feeding situation at least 3 times of the animal, and
Hourly observation data, the observation data include being fond of plant (such as herbage) type, being fond of position, ingesting port number in patch, adopt
Traveling time etc. between mobile step number, patch between food speed, stand up time, sleeping breath time, patch；And GPS is used while observation
Geographical location, height above sea level and the distance for herding the animal migration in the process of position indicator record grazing ground；The present embodiment
In, in order to guarantee the accuracy of data acquisition, the number for observing the feeding situation of the animal is 6 times, the time point point of observation
7:00,10:00,13:00,16:00,19:00,22:00 that Wei be not daily, and after the observation for completing the period,
Be separated by least one period carries out observation in another period again, so completes the observation at least one period.Example
Such as, then after completing the observation of the 1st period, without observation in the 2nd (and 3 and 4 ...) period being attached thereto, but the
It is observed again in 3 (or 4 or 5 ...) periods；
S4, data processing: the observation data are handled.
Preferably, the step S4 includes one or several in step S41-S44, and the step S41-S44 is respectively such as
Under:
The palatability analysis of S41, herbage: evaluating herbage quality using formula (1), obtain the palatability of herbage,
The formula (1) is as follows:
Ni=∑ aijxj(1)；
Wherein, xjIt is the ratio of jth kind herbage in daily ration；aijIt is jth kind herbage jth kind nutritional ingredient；NiThen to be eaten
The average trophic level of daily ration；
The selectionindex calculating of S42, animal: the selectionindex of animal is defined as grazing animal (such as pasture stock) selectivity
Feeding and necessary foraging behaviour.Opposite preference shows the different selection percentages of every kind of food in two or more foods.
The selective diet of daily ration can be calculated with opposite selectionindex or be indicated with selectivity index, i.e. SI=D/P, wherein
SI is selection index；D is the percentage of certain herbage in daily ration；P is the percentage of same herbage on natural meadow.
However, because selectivity index does not provide the total amount that every kind of herbage is searched for food in daily ration, it is possible to natural
There is the herbage of higher proportion in meadow and the ratio in daily ration is very low, vice versa.In order to express the information of this respect, have
People indicates the selective diet of pasture stock, i.e. II=SI × D with feeding index, wherein II is feeding index；SI is selection
Sex index；D is the percentage of certain herbage in feeding daily ration.Two formula are integrated, show that grazing animal (is such as herded in the present embodiment
Domestic animal) calculation formula (2) of selective diet calculates the selectionindex of the animal, and the formula (2) is as follows:
II=D2/P(2)；
Wherein, II is feeding index；D is the percentage (%) of certain herbage in feeding daily ration；P is same on natural meadow
The percentage (%) of kind herbage；
S43, plant calculate the contribution degree of daily ration: the contribution degree using formula (3) calculating plant (such as herbage) to daily ration,
The formula (3) is as follows:
Wherein, SCDiIt is i-th kind of herbage to the contribution degree of daily ration；NijFor i-th kind what is observed in jth kind vegetation pattern
The ingesting port number of herbage；TjFor the Feeding time in jth kind vegetation pattern；BjObserved by jth kind vegetation Class1 0min
The number arrived；10 observe 10min for every kind of vegetation pattern；
The availability analysis of S44, plant: it calculates within the predetermined time (such as 10min), a certain plant (such as herbage) quilt
The number of feeding accounts for the ratio between the frequency that the plant occurs in the searched for food region of animal in the predetermined time, thus
Obtain the availability of the plant.
Above four formula can all indicate under grazing condition, grazing animal (such as pasture stock) dietary habit preference.Meanwhile
This method obtains accurate data, is conducive to investigate influence of the grazing animal (such as pasture stock) to meadow on a macroscopic level, will
This influence is reduced to animal number, as a variable, is put into multiple environmental factors, and then investigates the ecology between environment and vegetation and close
System；Meanwhile in microcosmic point, carries out static (dynamic) succession analysis, also this variable can individually be come out, investigate grazing animal
(such as pasture stock) feeding grazing intensity directly affects grassland succession.In the analysis of these two aspects, all than previous open country
Outer test is more accurate.
It should be noted that the technical characteristic in above-described embodiment one, two can carry out any combination, the technology of acquisition is combined
Scheme is fallen within the protection scope of the present invention.
In conclusion the feed intake observation device and observation method in the present invention are applicable to pasture stock, such as yak
Ox, milk cow, horse and sheep etc., the feeding observation device can move under grazing habit with the movement of animal, and observation is put in real time
Herd the feeding situation of animal；The feeding observation then can analyze the palatability of herbage, the selectionindex of animal, plant to daily ration
Contribution degree, the availability of plant, plant to parameters such as the contribution degrees of daily ration, with this come comprehensively, true, accurately reflection is put
The dietary habit of domestic animal is herded, work is herded to be subsequent effectively reliable guidance is provided.
The foregoing is merely presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, it is all in spirit of the invention and
Within principle, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on be should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of feed intake observation device comprising for observing the image capture device of feed intake situation, feature exists
In, further includes:
Mounting base；
Fixation kit connects the mounting base, and is worn on the animal bodies, for fixing the position of the mounting base
It sets；
Bar is observed, connects the mounting base, and the end of the observation bar is connected with described image acquisition equipment.
2. feed intake observation device as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the fixation kit include: the first chest strap,
Second chest strap and the first connector；
First connector includes: the first installation position, the second installation position and third installation position；
One end of first chest strap connects first installation position, and the other end connects the front side of the mounting base；Described second
One end of chest strap connects second installation position, and the other end connects the front side of the mounting base；First chest strap, the second chest
Band, the first connector and mounting base form the first space passed through for the animal head.
3. feed intake observation device as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that first installation position, the second installation position
And the line at the center of third installation position is crossed to form triangle two-by-two.
4. feed intake observation device as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that the fixation kit further include: the first back
Band, the second harness, abdominal belt and the second connector；
Second connector includes: the 4th installation position, the 5th installation position and the 6th installation position；
The abdominal belt both ends are separately connected the third installation position and the 4th installation position；
First harness one end connects the 5th installation position, and the other end connects the left side of the mounting base；
Second harness one end connects the 6th installation position, and the other end connects the right side of the mounting base；
What first harness, the second harness, mounting base and the formation of the second connector were passed through for the animal abdomen and back
Second space；
First harness, the first chest strap and abdominal belt form the third space passed through for the animal left front leg；
Second harness, the second chest strap and abdominal belt form the 4th space passed through for the animal right front leg.
5. feed intake observation device as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that the 5th installation position, the 6th installation position
It is arranged in parallel, and the 5th installation position is set to the left side of second connector, the 6th installation position is set to described
The right side of second connector；4th installation position is set between the 5th installation position, the 6th installation position.
6. feed intake observation device as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that the fixation kit further includes at least one
Back reinforces band；It is provided with to reinforce with the back on rear side of the mounting base and reinforces position with corresponding back；Second connection
The 7th installation position that band connection is reinforced for the back is additionally provided on part；
The back reinforces band one end and connects back reinforcing position, the other end rear and institute across two back legs of the animal
The 7th installation position for stating the second connector is flexibly connected.
7. feed intake observation device as claimed in claim 6, which is characterized in that first chest strap, the second chest strap, first
It is elastic band that harness, the second harness, abdominal belt and back, which reinforce one or more of band,；First chest strap, the second chest strap,
First harness, the second harness, abdominal belt and back reinforce the adjusting being provided on one or more of band for adjustment length
Component.
8. feed intake observation device as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the observation bar includes several local bars,
And it is rotatably connected between the adjacent two local bar；Local bar positioned at stem connects the mounting base, positioned at tail portion
Local bar end connection described image acquires equipment.
9. a kind of feed intake observation method, which comprises the steps of:
S1, it chooses animal to be observed: choosing several heads and instructed through toning, and health status, weight, agematched animal；
S2, it herds: being herded in 7-8 month, grazing time section is daily 6:30-19:30；It is put in 10-12 month
It herds, grazing time section is daily 6:30-18:30；
S3, observation feeding: it during herding, with every 3 days for a period, in each period, is observed daily by feed intake
Equipment observes feeding situation at least 3 times of the animal, and hourly observation data；And remembered while observation with GPS positioning instrument
Geographical location, height above sea level and the distance for herding the animal migration in the process of recording playback grazing.
S4, data processing: the observation data are handled.
10. feed intake observation method as claimed in claim 9, which is characterized in that the step S4 includes step S41-S44
In one or several, step S41-S44 difference is as follows:
The palatability analysis of S41, herbage: evaluating herbage quality using formula (1), obtain the palatability of herbage, described
Formula (1) is as follows:
Ni=∑ aijxj(1)；
Wherein, xjIt is the ratio of jth kind herbage in daily ration；aijIt is jth kind herbage jth kind nutritional ingredient；NiThen by food daily ration
Average trophic level；
The selectionindex calculating of S42, animal: the selectionindex of the animal is calculated using formula (2), the formula (2) is as follows:
II=D2/P (2)；
Wherein, II is feeding index；D is the percentage of certain herbage in feeding daily ration；P is same herbage on natural meadow
Percentage；
S43, plant calculate the contribution degree of daily ration: calculating contribution degree of the herbage to daily ration, the formula (3) using formula (3)
It is as follows:
Wherein, SCDiIt is i-th kind of herbage to the contribution degree of daily ration；NijFor i-th kind of herbage what is observed in jth kind vegetation pattern
Ingesting port number；TjFor the Feeding time in jth kind vegetation pattern；BjFor observed by jth kind vegetation Class1 0min
Number；10 observe 10min for every kind of vegetation pattern；
The availability analysis of S44, plant: calculating in the given time, and the number that a certain herbage is searched for food accounts for described predetermined
The ratio between frequency that the herbage occurs in the searched for food region of animal in time, thus to obtain can get for the herbage
Property.
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| CN201710367319.1A CN108935186A (en) | 2017-05-23 | 2017-05-23 | A kind of feed intake observation device and observation method |
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| CN201710367319.1A CN108935186A (en) | 2017-05-23 | 2017-05-23 | A kind of feed intake observation device and observation method |
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| CN111838005A (en) * | 2020-06-22 | 2020-10-30 | 中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院 | Observation device for observing animal activities |
| CN114998892A (en) * | 2022-06-07 | 2022-09-02 | 江苏华丽智能科技股份有限公司 | Method and device for improving animal feeding efficiency |
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| CN114998892A (en) * | 2022-06-07 | 2022-09-02 | 江苏华丽智能科技股份有限公司 | Method and device for improving animal feeding efficiency |
| CN114998892B (en) * | 2022-06-07 | 2023-09-22 | 江苏华丽智能科技股份有限公司 | Method and device for improving animal feeding efficiency |
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