CN108931608B - Solidified sludge leachate collection and test device and method - Google Patents
Solidified sludge leachate collection and test device and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a solidified sludge exudate collection and test device which comprises an effusion system for containing a sample, a monitoring system which is connected with the effusion system through a liquid discharge pipeline and is used for monitoring exudate of the sample, and a pressure system which is connected with the effusion system and is used for enabling the sample to seep out of the exudate, wherein the pressure system comprises a nitrogen bottle and a water tank, deionized water is contained in the water tank, the nitrogen bottle is connected with the upper end of the water tank through an air inlet pipeline so that nitrogen enters the water tank from the upper end of the water tank, and the lower end of the water tank is connected with the effusion system through a water inlet pipeline so that the deionized water enters the effusion system from the lower end of the water tank through the water inlet pipeline. Has the advantages that: the release, migration and conversion processes of heavy metals in the solidified sludge under the condition of long-term seepage action can be simulated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of environmental rock and soil and environmental engineering, in particular to a solidified sludge leachate collection testing device and method.
Background
With the acceleration of the urbanization process, the large discharge of domestic and industrial wastewater causes the pollution of sludge in rivers and lakes. The polluted sludge has the characteristics of high water content and high organic matter content, and is rich in a large amount of pollutants. Among them, heavy metal ions are the main pollutants in sludge and cannot be degraded by microorganisms in the natural environment. Once heavy metal ions in the sludge enter the biosphere through dissolution and migration, the heavy metal ions are enriched under the action of biological amplification of a food chain, and react with proteins in an animal body to influence the normal physiological activity of the animal. In addition, the silt has high salt content, so that the conductivity of the surrounding environment can be obviously improved, the absorption of plants to nutrients is inhibited, and the root systems of the plants are damaged. Therefore, in practical engineering production, pollutants in the sludge need to be properly treated, and the influence on the ecological environment is avoided or reduced.
Solidification/stabilization (S/S) technology is a relatively economical and efficient method of treating sludge. The method is to mix the sludge and the solidified material according to a certain proportion, improve the strength of the sludge through the physical adsorption and the chemical action of the solidified material, and simultaneously reduce the solubility and the migration capacity of the heavy metal. The solidified sludge obtained by the solidification/stabilization technology can be used as a geotechnical building material, and does not cause secondary pollution to the environment.
At present, the research on the influence of pollutants in the solidified sludge is mainly to analyze and evaluate the solidified sludge sample in a construction site and a polluted water sample around the solidified sludge sample. The method needs to consume a large amount of manpower and material resources, can only obtain limited sampling data, and is difficult to comprehensively and correctly evaluate the influence of pollutants in the solidified sludge on the environment. Therefore, the research on the release and migration of pollutants in the solidified sludge under the condition of long-term seepage has become an important subject in geotechnical engineering.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, embodiments of the present invention provide a solidified sludge leachate collection testing apparatus and method capable of simulating the release, migration and transformation processes of heavy metals in solidified sludge under the condition of long-term percolation.
The embodiment of the invention provides a solidified sludge exudate collection and test device which comprises an exudate system for containing a sample, a monitoring system which is connected with the exudate system through a liquid discharge pipeline and is used for monitoring exudate of the sample, and a pressure system which is connected with the exudate system and is used for enabling the sample to exudate the exudate, wherein the pressure system comprises a nitrogen bottle and a water tank, deionized water is contained in the water tank, the nitrogen bottle is connected with the upper end of the water tank through an air inlet pipeline so that nitrogen enters the water tank from the upper end of the water tank, and the lower end of the water tank is connected with the exudate system through a water inlet pipeline so that the deionized water enters the exudate system from the lower end of the water tank through the water inlet pipeline.
Further, the seepage system is including oozing the room, still including transversely arranging in oozing indoor last porous permeable plate and lower porous permeable plate, go up porous permeable plate with porous permeable plate sets up from top to bottom down and is parallel to each other, the sample is located go up porous permeable plate with between the porous permeable plate down, the play water end of inlet channel is connected or is close to porous permeable plate is in order to be with deionized water is from up leading-in down in the sample, it is close to go up porous permeable plate drainage pipe way or with the fluid-discharge line is connected so that the exudate from the top process go up porous permeable plate with the fluid-discharge line is discharged.
Further, the oozing system further comprises a base and a cover plate, the oozing chamber is embedded into the base, the cover plate is used for sealing the upper end opening of the oozing chamber, and a tightening valve is arranged at the upper end of the cover plate and used for pulling the cover plate out upwards or plugging the cover plate into the oozing chamber downwards.
Furthermore, the base comprises an upper base plate and a lower base plate which are parallel to each other and are arranged up and down, the bottom end of the seepage chamber is embedded into the lower base plate, the water inlet pipeline extends into the lower base plate, the water outlet end of the water inlet pipeline is bent upwards and then connected with or close to the lower porous water permeable plate, the lower end of the strainer penetrates through the upper base plate and is connected with the cover plate, and the middle part of the strainer is connected with the upper base plate through threaded engagement.
Furthermore, the monitoring system comprises a weighing device, a data collector and a sample collection bottle, wherein the sample collection bottle is positioned on the weighing device, an opening rubber plug is plugged in a bottle mouth of the sample collection bottle, a liquid outlet end of the liquid discharge pipeline penetrates through the opening rubber plug to extend into the sample collection bottle, a pH sensor and a conductivity sensor also penetrate through the opening rubber plug to extend into the sample collection bottle, and the weighing device, the pH sensor and the conductivity sensor are connected with the data collector through cables.
Furthermore, the sample collection bottle is a conical bottle with scales, the data acquisition unit is connected with a computer through a data line, and the computer is used for controlling the data acquisition time of the data acquisition unit.
Further, the water tank includes the organic glass wall and locates the metal crate at both ends about the organic glass wall, metal crate with the organic glass wall passes through threaded connection, and a gas exhaust fluid infusion interface is located the upper end of water tank for the feeding of deionized water or the discharge of nitrogen gas, water inlet pipe stretches into and is located the lower extreme metal crate, and its end of intaking upwards buckle with the inside intercommunication of water tank.
Furthermore, an air pressure regulating valve and a pressure gauge are arranged on the air inlet pipeline, and a two-way valve is arranged on the water inlet pipeline.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a method for collecting and testing the cured sludge percolate, which is used for testing by using the cured sludge percolate collecting and testing device and comprises the following steps:
s1: injecting the deionized water into the water tank;
s2: loading a sample into the effusion system;
s3: opening the nitrogen bottle, and pressing the deionized water into the seepage system through the nitrogen;
s4: when the monitoring system collects the first drop of the exudate, the monitoring system starts timing and starts to collect real-time parameters of the exudate;
s5: setting sampling time intervals, sampling the percolate at different time intervals, and analyzing the concentration of each anion and cation in the percolate collected at each time interval;
s6: and analyzing the releasing, transferring and converting processes of the pollutants in the sample according to the pressure value in the water tank, the real-time parameters and the concentrations of the anions and the cations in each section of the exudate.
The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the invention carries out long-term seepage monitoring on the representative sample (solidified sludge) indoors, thereby solving the problem of inconvenient field irregular sampling.
(2) The output pressure of the pressure system is controllable, so that the osmotic pressure of the seepage system can be effectively controlled, and the process of soil-water interaction under different precipitation and infiltration conditions can be simulated.
(3) The conical bottle can collect the exudate and is convenient for sampling and analyzing by time intervals; the weighing device, the pH sensor and the conductivity sensor can monitor the physical and chemical properties of the exudate in real time, and basically realize automatic operation.
(4) According to the invention, through analyzing parameters such as osmotic pressure, the flow of the exudate, the pH value of the exudate, the conductivity of the exudate and the concentrations of anions and cations in the exudate, the release, migration and conversion conditions of pollutants in the sample (solidified sludge) under a long-term seepage condition can be known, so that the effect of the solidified sludge by the solidifying agent can be evaluated, and a reference basis is provided for taking effective environmental protection measures.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a solidified sludge exudate collection test apparatus according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a flow chart of a solidified sludge leachate collection test method according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, the embodiment of the present invention provides a solidified sludge exudate collection and testing device, which comprises an exudate system for containing a sample 12, a monitoring system connected with the exudate system through a drainage pipeline 14 and used for monitoring exudate of the sample 12, and a pressure system connected with the exudate system and used for enabling the sample 12 to seep out of the exudate. The sample 12 is a construction site solidified sludge sample and a polluted water sample around the solidified sludge sample.
Pressure system includes nitrogen cylinder 1 and water tank 5, nitrogen cylinder 1 connects through air inlet pipeline 4 the upper end of water tank makes nitrogen gas follow the upper end of water tank 5 gets into water tank 5, be equipped with air pressure regulating valve 2 and manometer 3 on the air inlet pipeline 4, air pressure regulating valve 2 is used for adjusting the nitrogen pressure of 1 output of nitrogen cylinder, manometer 3 is used for the monitoring air inlet pipeline 4 with atmospheric pressure in the water tank 5.
The water tank 5 comprises an organic glass wall 52 and metal frames 51 arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the organic glass wall 52, the metal frames 51 are connected with the organic glass wall 52 through threads, the space between the organic glass wall 51 and the metal frames 52 is a water storage cavity, and the air inlet pipeline 4 is communicated with the water storage cavity through a central area of the metal frames 51 positioned at the upper end. An exhaust fluid infusion port 53 is provided at the upper end of the water tank 5 for infusing deionized water into the water storage chamber or discharging nitrogen gas out of the water storage chamber.
The water tank 5 is connected with the seepage system through a water inlet pipeline 6, the water inlet pipeline 6 extends into the metal frame 51 at the lower end, and the water inlet end of the water inlet pipeline is bent upwards until the water inlet pipeline is communicated with the inside of the water tank 5. In this embodiment, an included angle between the water inlet end of the water inlet pipeline 6 and the portion of the water inlet pipeline 6 extending into the metal frame 51 at the lower end is 90 °, or the water inlet end of the water inlet pipeline 6 is bent upwards by 90 ° and then continues to extend upwards until being communicated with the water storage cavity.
The water inlet pipeline 6 can lead out the deionized water in the water storage cavity. The deionized water in the reservoir chamber is visible through the plexiglass wall 52.
The seepage system is including oozing the room 13, still including transversely arranging in ooze indoor last porous permeable plate 11 and lower porous permeable plate, go up porous permeable plate 11 with porous permeable plate sets up from top to bottom down and is parallel to each other, the sample is located go up porous permeable plate 11 with between the porous permeable plate down. The effusion system further comprises a base 9 and a cover plate 10, the effusion chamber 13 is embedded in the base 9, specifically, the base 9 comprises an upper bottom plate and a lower bottom plate which are parallel to each other and are arranged up and down, and the bottom end of the effusion chamber 13 is embedded in the lower bottom plate.
The cover plate 10 is used for sealing an upper end opening of the effusion cell 13, the lower end of a strainer valve 8 penetrates through the upper bottom plate to be connected with the cover plate 10, and the middle part of the strainer valve 8 is connected with the upper bottom plate through thread engagement. When the strainer valve 8 is rotated, the strainer valve is screwed into or out of the upper plate, so that the cover plate 10 can be pulled out upward or pushed down into the effusion cell 13. The water inlet pipeline 6 extends into the lower base plate, the water outlet end of the water inlet pipeline is bent upwards and then connected with or close to the lower porous water permeable plate, so that the deionized water is guided into the sample from bottom to top, the upper porous water permeable plate 11 is close to the liquid discharge pipeline 14 or is connected with the liquid discharge pipeline 14, and therefore the percolate passes through the upper porous water permeable plate 11 and is discharged from the liquid discharge pipeline 14. The central axes of the strainer 8, the base 9, the cover plate 10, the upper porous water permeable plate 11, the upper porous water permeable plate and the sample 12 are kept consistent.
In this embodiment, an included angle between the water outlet end of the water inlet pipeline 6 and the portion of the water inlet pipeline 6 extending into the lower bottom plate is 90 °, or the water inlet end of the water inlet pipeline 6 is bent upward by 90 ° and then continuously extends upward until the deionized water can be introduced into the sample. Part the drainage pipeline 14 buries in the apron 10, just the feed liquor end of drainage pipeline 14 bends 90 downwards until being close to go up porous permeable plate 11 or with go up porous permeable plate 11 and be connected.
Be equipped with two-way valve 7 on the inlet channel 6, open two-way valve 7, water tank 5 with ooze room 13 intercommunication, deionized water can be followed water tank 5 flows in ooze room 13.
Monitoring system includes weighing device, data collection station 20 and collection appearance bottle, collection appearance bottle is located on the weighing device, and its bottleneck stopper has the opening rubber stopper, drainage pipeline 14's play liquid end passes the opening rubber stopper stretches into in the collection appearance bottle, pH sensor 15 and conductivity sensor 16 also pass the opening rubber stopper stretches into in the collection appearance bottle, weighing device pH sensor 15 with conductivity sensor 16 all through cable 19 with data collection station 20 is connected. The sample collecting bottle is a conical bottle 17 with scales, is transparent, can collect the exudate and measure the volume of the collected exudate, the data acquisition unit 20 is connected with a computer 22 through a data line 21, and the computer 22 is used for timing and controlling the data acquisition time of the data acquisition unit 20. The weighing device is an electronic balance 18 for measuring the weight of the collected exudate.
The pH sensor 15 is used for detecting the pH value of the exudate, the conductivity sensor 16 is used for detecting the conductivity of the exudate, and the physical and chemical properties of the exudate can be automatically obtained through the pH sensor 15 and the conductivity sensor 16. The data collector 20 can read real-time parameters of the exudate collected by the pH sensor 15 and the conductivity sensor 16 in real time.
Preferably, the air inlet pipeline 4 and the liquid inlet pipeline 6 are PVC hoses, and the liquid discharge pipeline 14 is a silicone tube.
Preferably, the adjustment range of the air pressure adjusting valve 2 is 0-1 MPa, and the precision is 0.01 MPa.
Preferably, the electronic balance 18 weighs 0 to 3000g with an accuracy of 0.01 g.
Preferably, the concentration detection range of the pH sensor 15 is 0-14, and the accuracy is 0.01.
Preferably, the concentration detection range of the conductivity sensor 16 is 0 to 20000 μ S/cm, and the accuracy is 0.1 μ S/cm.
The embodiment of the invention provides a method for collecting and testing cured sludge percolate, which is used for testing a sample by using the device for collecting and testing the cured sludge percolate, and comprises the following steps:
s1: the deionized water is injected into the water tank 5.
S2: the sample was loaded into the bleed system.
S3: the nitrogen gas bottle 1 is opened, and the deionized water is pressed into the seepage system through the nitrogen gas.
S4: and when the monitoring system collects the first drop of the exudate, the monitoring system starts timing and starts to collect real-time parameters of the exudate.
S5: setting sampling time intervals, sampling the percolate at different time intervals, and analyzing the concentration of each anion and cation in the percolate collected at each time interval. In order to ensure the accuracy of the test, the two-way valve 7 needs to be closed and the timing needs to be suspended every time sampling is carried out.
S6: and analyzing the releasing, transferring and converting processes of the pollutants in the sample according to the pressure value in the water tank 5, the real-time parameters and the concentrations of the anions and the cations in each section of the exudate.
The solidified sludge leachate collection test method is described below by taking a specific example as an example:
sludge containing heavy metal pollutants in a certain place is selected, and is solidified by a certain curing agent to prepare a sample with the diameter of 61.8mm and the height of 40 mm.
Referring to fig. 2, before the test starts, the two-way valve 7 is closed, the deionized water is injected into the water tank 5 through the exhaust fluid-replenishing port 53, and the exhaust fluid-replenishing port 53 is closed after the deionized water is filled in the water tank 5; and adjusting the strainer 8, sequentially placing the lower porous water-permeable plate, the sample 12 and the upper porous water-permeable plate 11 into the effusion chamber 13, covering the cover plate 10, and screwing the strainer 8 to ensure that all parts in the effusion chamber 13 are tightly attached.
During testing, the two-way valve 7 and the valves of the nitrogen cylinder 1 are opened in sequence, and the air inlet pressure is set to be 0.3MPa through the air pressure regulating valve 2, so that the sample is fully exhausted and saturated; and after the first drop of the exudate is dropped into the conical flask 17, timing is started, the data acquisition unit 20 is controlled by the computer 22, and the parameter change conditions such as the exudate flow, the pH value, the conductivity value and the like are monitored in real time.
Sampling time intervals are set to be 1h, 2h, 4h, 6h, 10h, 16h and 24h, 10ml of the percolate is collected every time, and the concentration of anions and cations, particularly the concentration of heavy metal ions, in the percolate is tested by utilizing an inductively coupled plasma spectrometer (ICP-OES) so as to know the release, migration and conversion rules of pollutants in the solidified sludge. In order to ensure the accuracy of the test, the two-way valve 7 needs to be closed and the timing is suspended every time sampling is carried out.
When the test is finished, the computer timing is finished, the data is stored, the valve of the nitrogen cylinder 1 and the two-way valve 7 are closed in sequence, and the exhaust liquid supplementing interface 53 is opened to exhaust nitrogen; and after the pressure in the device is completely released, unscrewing the strainer 8, and sequentially taking out the cover plate 10, the upper porous water-permeable plate 11, the sample 12 and the lower porous water-permeable plate.
In this document, the terms front, back, upper and lower are used to define the components in the drawings and the positions of the components relative to each other, and are used for clarity and convenience of the technical solution. It is to be understood that the use of the directional terms should not be taken to limit the scope of the claims.
The features of the embodiments and embodiments described herein above may be combined with each other without conflict.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides a testing arrangement is collected to solidification silt exudate which characterized in that: the device comprises a seepage system for containing a sample, a monitoring system which is connected with the seepage system through a liquid discharge pipeline and is used for monitoring seepage liquid of the sample, and a pressure system which is connected with the seepage system and is used for enabling the sample to seep out of the seepage liquid, wherein the pressure system comprises a nitrogen bottle and a water tank, deionized water is contained in the water tank, the nitrogen bottle is connected with the upper end of the water tank through an air inlet pipeline so that nitrogen enters the water tank from the upper end of the water tank, and the lower end of the water tank is connected with the seepage system through a water inlet pipeline so that the deionized water enters the seepage system from the lower end of the water tank through the water inlet pipeline; the seepage system comprises a seepage chamber, and further comprises an upper porous water-permeable plate and a lower porous water-permeable plate which are transversely arranged in the seepage chamber, wherein the upper porous water-permeable plate and the lower porous water-permeable plate are vertically arranged and are parallel to each other, the sample is arranged between the upper porous water-permeable plate and the lower porous water-permeable plate, the water outlet end of the water inlet pipeline is connected or close to the lower porous water-permeable plate so as to guide the deionized water into the sample from bottom to top, and the upper porous water-permeable plate is close to the drainage pipeline or is connected with the drainage pipeline so as to discharge the seepage liquid from top through the upper porous water-permeable plate and the drainage pipeline; the seepage system also comprises a base and a cover plate, the seepage chamber is embedded into the base, the cover plate is used for sealing the upper end opening of the seepage chamber, and a tightening valve is arranged at the upper end of the cover plate and used for pulling the cover plate upwards or plugging the cover plate downwards into the seepage chamber; the base comprises an upper base plate and a lower base plate which are parallel to each other and are arranged up and down, the bottom end of the seepage chamber is embedded into the lower base plate, the water inlet pipeline extends into the lower base plate, the water outlet end of the water inlet pipeline is bent upwards and then connected with or close to the lower porous water permeable plate, and the lower end of the strainer penetrates through the upper base plate, is connected with the cover plate, and is connected with the middle of the strainer through threaded engagement.
2. The solidified sludge leachate collection test apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the monitoring system comprises a weighing device, a data collector and a sample collecting bottle, wherein the sample collecting bottle is positioned on the weighing device, an opening rubber plug is plugged in a bottle mouth of the sample collecting bottle, a liquid outlet end of the liquid discharge pipeline penetrates through the opening rubber plug to stretch into the sample collecting bottle, a pH sensor and a conductivity sensor also penetrate through the opening rubber plug to stretch into the sample collecting bottle, and the weighing device, the pH sensor and the conductivity sensor are connected with the data collector through cables.
3. The solidified sludge leachate collection test apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the sample collection bottle is a conical bottle with scales, the data collector is connected with a computer through a data line, and the computer is used for controlling the data collection time of the data collector.
4. The solidified sludge leachate collection test apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the water tank includes the organic glass wall and locates the metal crate at both ends about the organic glass wall, metal crate with the organic glass wall passes through threaded connection, and a gas exhaust fluid infusion interface is located the upper end of water tank for the mend of deionized water or the discharge of nitrogen gas, water intake pipe stretches into and is located the lower extreme metal crate, and its intake end upwards buckle with the inside intercommunication of water tank.
5. The solidified sludge leachate collection test apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the air inlet pipeline is provided with an air pressure regulating valve and a pressure gauge, and the water inlet pipeline is provided with a two-way valve.
6. A method for collecting and testing solidified sludge leachate is characterized by comprising the following steps: the test is carried out by using the solidified sludge leachate collection test apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the steps of:
s1: injecting the deionized water into the water tank;
s2: loading a sample into the effusion system;
s3: opening the nitrogen bottle, and pressing the deionized water into the seepage system through the nitrogen;
s4: when the monitoring system collects the first drop of the exudate, the monitoring system starts timing and starts to collect real-time parameters of the exudate;
s5: setting sampling time intervals, sampling the percolate at different time intervals, and analyzing the concentration of each anion and cation in the percolate collected at each time interval;
s6: and analyzing the releasing, transferring and converting processes of the pollutants in the sample according to the pressure value in the water tank, the real-time parameters and the concentrations of the anions and the cations in each section of the exudate.
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